Anatomy and Physiology for Health Professionals
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Course Introduction
This course offers an in-depth exploration of human anatomy and physiology with a focus on its relevance to clinical practice and health professions. Students will study the structure and function of the major organ systems, understanding how they contribute to the maintenance of homeostasis and overall health. Emphasis is placed on the integration of anatomical knowledge and physiological mechanisms essential for accurate assessment, diagnosis, and treatment in various healthcare settings. Through lectures, laboratory exercises, and case studies, students develop a foundational understanding necessary for advanced health science coursework and professional application.
Recommended Textbook
Maders Understanding Human Anatomy and Physiology 8th Edition by Susannah Longenbaker
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19 Chapters
2160 Verified Questions
2160 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Organization of the Body
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Sample Questions
Q1) What occurs as a result of a negative feedback mechanism?
A)The change moves further from the set point in a negative direction.
B)No change occurs in the body.
C)There is a reversal from the original change.
D)A body function is stoppeD.
Answer: A
Q2) Skin is part of
A)integration and coordination.
B)maintenance of the body.
C)transportation.
D)support,movement,and protection.
Answer: D
Q3) Which of the following refers to the membrane lining the abdominal cavity wall?
A)Parietal pericardium
B)Visceral peritoneum
C)Parietal peritoneum
D)Visceral pleura
Answer: C
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3
Chapter 2: Chemistry of Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) What makes an isotope radioactive?
A)It has more protons than electrons.
B)It releases energy to become stable.
C)It releases hydrogen ions into solution.
D)It breaks down into hydrogen and electrons.
Answer: B
Q2) Which of the following is NOT a monosaccharide?
A)Glucose
B)Fructose
C)Sucrose
D)Galactose
Answer: C
Q3) Low levels of radiation are commonly used to A)sterilize dental products.
B)destroy cancer cells.
C)produce images of body parts.
D)All apply.
Answer: C
Q4) List the four macromolecules found in cells.
Answer: Carbohydrates,lipids,proteins,and nucleic acids
Page 4
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Chapter 3: Cell Structure and Function
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Sample Questions
Q1) What happens to chromosome number as a result of meiosis?
A)It is halved.
B)It stays the same.
C)It is doubled.
D)It is tripleD.
Answer: A
Q2) Mitosis produces __________ identical daughter cell(s).
A)one
B)two
C)three
D)four
Answer: B
Q3) The anticodon of tRNA matches the codon of mRNA to ensure the correct sequence of amino acids.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Body Tissues and Membranes
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Sample Questions
Q1) Glands are mostly made of
A)epithelial cells.
B)muscle cells.
C)nerve cells.
D)blood cells.
Q2) What procedure uses a variety of drugs to kill cancer cells?
A)Radiation
B)Chemotherapy
C)Gene therapy
D)Surgery
Q3) Cardiac muscle is
A)striated and voluntary.
B)striated and involuntary.
C)smooth and involuntary.
Q4) Actin and myosin are found in A)muscle.
B)bone.
C)blood.
D)cartilage.
Q5) Compare the three types of fibers found in connective tissue.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: The Integumentary System
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is a scar composed of?
A)Epithelium
B)Blood clot
C)Collagen fibers
D)Areolar tissue
Q2) The ABCDE rule is used to determine the skin area involved in a burn.
The ABCDE rule is used to determine signs of melanoma skin cancer.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Continuous pressure that reduces blood supply to the skin can result in a(n)
A)urticariA.
B)decubitus ulcer.
C)hirsutism.
D)callus.
Q4) Which consists of keratinized cells?
A)Hair
B)Nails
C)Stratum corneum
D)All apply.
Q5) Describe the skin's involvement in temperature regulation.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: The Skeletal System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT a difference between the male and female pelvises?
A)The female hips are broader.
B)The female pelvic cavity is more funnel-shaped.
C)The female bones are lighter.
D)The female pubic arch resembles an inverted U.
Q2) What structure forms the "point" of the elbow?
A)Head of the ulna
B)Olecranon process
C)Head of the radius
D)Coronoid process
Q3) To which type of vertebrae are the ribs attached?
A)Cervical
B)Thoracic
C)Lumbar
D)Sacrum
Q4) What part of the humerus articulates with the ulna?
A)Capitulum
B)Trochlea
C)Coronoid fossa
D)Deltoid tuberosity
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Chapter 7: The Muscular System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The smooth ER that stores calcium ions is the A)sarcolemmA.
B)sarcoplasm.
C)T tubules.
D)sarcoplasmic reticulum.
Q2) The gluteus maximus muscle is named for
A)its size and shape.
B)its size and location.
C)its shape and action.
D)its attachment and fiber direction.
Q3) Which type of muscle tissue has intercalated disks?
A)Cardiac
B)Skeletal
C)Smooth
D)Both cardiac and skeletal are correct.
Q4) A single muscle contraction lasting a fraction of a second is a A)myogram.
B)muscle twitch.
C)motor unit.
D)tetanic contraction.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: The Nervous System
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Sample Questions
Q1) A fascicle of axons is surrounded by the A)perineurium.
B)endoneurium.
C)epineurium.
D)myelin sheath.
Q2) The interpretation of olfactory receptor information would fall under which general function of the nervous system?
A)Sensory input
B)Motor output
C)Integration
Q3) The autonomic nervous system is in control of voluntary activities. The autonomic nervous system is in control of involuntary activities.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which area of the brain is most concerned with homeostasis?
A)Hypothalamus
B)Cerebrum
C)Thalamus
D)Cerebellum
Q5) List and describe the three types of functional areas in the cerebrum.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: The Sensory System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The olfactory area of the cerebrum is located in the A)insulA.
B)parietal lobe.
C)temporal lobe.
D)frontal lobe.
Q2) What type of cutaneous receptor would be the first to respond to a touch that barely contacts the skin of the forearm?
A)Merkel disk
B)Pacinian corpusle
C)Meissner corpuscle
D)Root hair plexus
Q3) Both rods and cones are found with the same density in the entire retina.
Rods and cones are not evenly distributed in the retina.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The anterior compartment of the eye is filled with a fluid called the A)aqueous humor.
B)lacrimal secretions.
C)vitreous humor.
D)fovea centralis.
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Chapter 10: The Endocrine System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Exophthalmic goiter is a characteristic of A)congenital hypothyroidism.
B)myxedema.
C)Graves' disease.
D)acromegaly.
Q2) The production and release of hormones is controlled by
A)other hormones.
B)nervous system.
C)other chemical substances.
D)All apply.
Q3) Which of the following is NOT true of a steroid hormone?
A)It diffuses into the cell and binds to its receptor protein.
B)The hormone-receptor complex binds to DNA.
C)It activates a second messenger to cause cellular changes.
D)Intracellular enzymes,made from the DNA,direct cellular changes.
Q4) What are the target tissues for glucagon?
A)Pancreas and liver
B)Skeletal muscle and liver
C)Liver and kidneys
D)Adipose tissue and liver
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Chapter 11: Blood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which type of leukocyte will enlarge in the tissues and become macrophages?
A)Lymphocytes
B)Monocytes
C)Eosinophils
D)Neutrophils
Q2) What type of red bone marrow cells can become any type of formed element?
A)Myeloid stem cells
B)Multipotent stem cells
C)Totipotent stem cells
D)Lymphatic stem cells
Q3) What percentage of plasma is water?
A)55%
B)92%
C)45%
D)8%
Q4) A person with blood type B has which antibodies?
A)Anti-A
B)Anti-B
C)Anti-A and anti-B
D)No antibodies
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Chapter 12: The Cardiovascular System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Small vessels that are involved in the control of blood pressure and distribution of blood are
A)capillaries.
B)venules.
C)arterioles.
Q2) Which of the following is NOT an effect of aging with the heart?
A)heart increases in size
B)valves thicken and become more rigid
C)resting heart rate increases
D)contraction strength decreases
Q3) Which of the following is NOT a change that occurs with fetal circulation at birth?
A)ductus venosus continues to carry blood to the liver
B)foramen ovale closes to become the fossa ovalis
C)ductus arteriosis closes
D)umbilical arteries and veins become ligamentums in the abdominal cavity
Q4) The longer a blood vessel,the peripheral resistance will A)increase.
B)decrease.
C)have no change.
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Chapter 13: The Lymphatic System and Body Defenses
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Sample Questions
Q1) Tissue rejection from transplants occurs because
A)the HLA antigens of the donor do not match the recipient.
B)there are memory B cells that make antibodies against the transplant.
C)cytotoxic T cells attack the transplant.
D)Both the HLA antigens of the donor do not match the recipient and cytotoxic T cells attack the transplant are correct.
Q2) Which of the following is NOT a tonsil?
A)pharyngeal
B)lingual
C)oral
D)palatine
Q3) What is(are)the function(s)of the lymphatic system?
A)returns fluid to the bloodstream
B)absorbs fat molecules from the digestive tract
C)helps to defend the body against disease
D)All apply.
Q4) Memory B cells can produce a faster and more intense response to a subsequent exposure to the antigen.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 14: The Respiratory System
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Sample Questions
Q1) What type of tissue forms the mucosa of the trachea?
A)pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
B)keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
C)stratified squamous epithelium
D)simple columnar epithelium
Q2) Gas exchange occurs in the bronchi and bronchioles.
Gas exchange occurs in the alveoli.The bronchi and bronchioles are just passageways.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The common name for the larynx is the A)throat.
B)voice box.
C)windpipe.
D)Adam's apple.
Q4) Pneumonia can be caused by either a virus or a bacteria. A)True
B)False
Q5) Compare internal respiration,external respiration,and cellular respiration.
Q6) Describe the events in ventilation.
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Chapter 15: Digestive System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which eating disorder is characterized by bingeing and purging?
A)anorexia nervosa
B)bulimia nervosa
C)obesity
Q2) Which of the following is NOT a function of saliva?
A)starts the digestion of proteins
B)moistens food for swallowing
C)starts the digestion of starches
D)removes microbes
Q3) Which of the following is NOT a salivary gland?
A)submaxillary
B)parotid
C)sublingual
D)submandibular
Q4) Which nervous system division controls muscle contraction and secretion in the digestive system?
A)somatic motor nervous system
B)sympathetic nervous system
C)enteric nervous system
D)afferent nervous system
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Chapter 16: The Urinary System and Excretion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why is the skin considered an excretory organ?
A)sweat cools the body
B)sweat contains water,salt,and urea
C)oil glands secrete sebum
D)All apply.
Q2) What mechanism is the most powerful and long-lasting in maintaining proper pH balance?
A)blood buffers
B)respiration
C)renal reabsorption and/or secretion
Q3) What hormone causes the excretion of sodium and therefore water from the body?
A)antidiuretic hormone
B)aldosterone
C)atrial natriuretic hormone
D)None apply.
Q4) What is secreted by the liver that classifies it as an excretory organ?
A)urea
B)urochrome
C)bile pigments
D)All apply.
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Chapter 17: The Reproductive System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which STI is caused by a virus?
A)chlamydia
B)gonorrhea
C)hepatitis
D)syphilis
Q2) STI's caused by a virus can be cured with antiviral drugs. STI's caused by a virus can not be cured with any medication.
A)True
B)False
Q3) At the end of the luteal phase,
A)ovulation occurs.
B)the corpus luteum degenerates.
C)menstruation occurs.
D)both the corpus luteum degenerates and menstruation occurs.
Q4) Meiosis
A)occurs only in testes and ovaries.
B)reduces chromosome number to 23.
C)involves the separation of homologous chromosomes.
D)All apply.
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Chapter 18: Human Development and Birth
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Sample Questions
Q1) During the fourth and fifth weeks
A)all organ systems have appeared.
B)ossification begins.
C)limb buds appear.
D)mother begins to feel movement.
Q2) During the embryonic period,growth occurs through mitosis and enlargement of the daughter cells.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The process of gastrulation ends with the formation of the A)allantois.
B)placenta.
C)primary germ layers.
D)All apply.
Q4) Gestation
A)is the time from fertilization to embryo formation.
B)is the time from fertilization to birth.
C)lasts about 280 days from the last menstruation.
D)is the time from fertilization to birth and lasts about 280 days from the last menstruation are correct.
Page 20
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Chapter 19: Human Genetics
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Sample Questions
Q1) In preparing a cell sample for karyotyping,when are the cells most visible?
A)prophase
B)metaphase
C)anaphase
D)telophase
Q2) The sex of a child is determined by the A)sperm.
B)egg.
C)either sperm or egg.
Q3) When does nondisjunction occur?
A)anaphase of mitosis
B)telophase of mitosis
C)anaphase of meiosis I or II
D)metaphase of meiosis II
Q4) All the genetic information in all the chromosomes of an individual is their A)genome.
B)karyotype.
C)pedigree.
D)All apply.
Q5) List the steps involved in the construction of a karyotype.
Page 21
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