Anatomy and Physiology for Allied Health Study Guide Questions
Course Introduction
This course provides a comprehensive overview of human anatomy and physiology with a focus on concepts essential for students pursuing careers in the allied health professions. Emphasis is placed on the structure and function of major organ systems, including the integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, circulatory, respiratory, digestive, urinary, reproductive, and endocrine systems. Students will explore the relationships between form and function, mechanisms maintaining homeostasis, and the physiological processes underlying health and disease. Laboratory components reinforce theoretical knowledge through practical exercises, dissections, and interactive models tailored to healthcare applications.
Recommended Textbook
Anatomy and Physiology for Health Professions An Interactive Journey 2nd Edition by Bruce J. Colbert
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology:
Learning the Language
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Q1) Most fevers are the body's way of ________.
A)Killing all pathogens
B)Breaking up the cells of the pathogens
C)Making an inhospitable environment for pathogens to survive
D)Preventing pathogens from reproducing
Answer: C
Q2) What system is known as the mathematical language of Anatomy and Physiology?
A)Abbreviation system
B)Metric system
C)English system
D)Customary system
Answer: B
Q3) Which is not a symptom of metabolic syndrome?
A)High triglycerides
B)Low HDL level
C)High blood pressure
D)Vomiting and diarrhea
Answer: D
Q4) The word ________ is constructed using the definition "one who studies cells."
Answer: Cytologist
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Chapter 2: The Human Body: Reading the Map
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Q1) The cranial cavity houses the brain.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) The ______________region of the arm is usually where blood pressures are taken.
Answer: Brachial
Q3) The ________ vertebrae are located in the neck.
A)Sacral
B)Thoracic
C)Cervical
D)Cranial
Answer: C
Q4) Cranial means superior.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q5) Patients are more prone to aspirate vomitus into their lungs in the Trendelenburg position and therefore should not ________ within two to four hours of being placed in that position.
Answer: Eat
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Chapter 3: Biochemistry: the Basic Ingredients of Life
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Q1) Proteins have peptide bonds.
A)True
B)False Answer: True
Q2) Chemistry is not important in anatomy and physiology.
A)True
B)False Answer: False
Q3) This type of lipid molecule is important in the structure and function of cell membranes ________.
A)Wax
B)Phospholipid
C)Triglyceride
D)Estrogen Answer: B
Q4) A solution with pH 8 is basic.
A)True
B)False Answer: True
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Chapter 4: The Cells: the Raw Materials and Building Blocks
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Q1) A(n) ________ packages and delivers proteins.
Q2) The breaking off and spreading of malignant cells is called ________.
Q3) The process of blocking a carrier is called ______________________.
Q4) Viruses have their genetic material surrounded by a protective protein coat called a(n) ________.
Q5) ________ are unique because they cannot grow, "eat," or reproduce by themselves.
A)Bacteria
B)Fungi
C)Protozoans
D)Viruses
Q6) Which of these is not a function of the cell membrane?
A)Protein synthesis
B)Regulation of what moves into and out of the cell
C)Identifying the cell
D)Holding the cell together
Q7) All cells have cell membranes.
A)True
B)False
6
Q8) Fungi can spread through the release of ________.
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Chapter 5: Tissues and Systems: the Inside Story
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Q1) A membrane associated with connective tissue is the ________ membrane.
Q2) This type of tissue can be classified by the shape and arrangement of its cells
A)Epithelial
B)Connective
C)Muscle
D)Nervous
Q3) The skin and hair are parts of the ________ system.
Q4) Skeletal muscle is described as ________ because of its striped appearance.
Q5) The cardiovascular system is one of the body's control systems.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Explain the steps in wound healing.
Q7) The ________ layer, which also produces serous fluids, wraps around the individual organs.
Q8) Involuntary muscle tissue is called skeletal muscle.
A)True
B)False
Q9) Distinguish between connective and epithelial tissue.
Q10) In a serous membrane, the membrane layer that lines cavities is called ________. Page 7
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Chapter 6: The Skeletal System: the Framework
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Q1) Osteoporosis research is showing that ________, especially weight bearing and impact forms, improves bone density.
Q2) Very tough, whitish bands that connect from bone to bone are called ________.
Q3) Bone-building cells are called ________.
A)Osteoblasts
B)Osteoclasts
C)Osteocytes
D)Hemopoietics
Q4) Explain the steps in bone repair.
Q5) This type of joint is held together by connective tissue strands ________.
A)Gliding
B)Synovial
C)Cartilaginous
D)Fibrous
Q6) A bone fracture in your arm would be part of the ________ division of the skeleton.
A)Thoracic
B)Appendicular
C)Axial
D)Spinal
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Chapter 7: The Muscular System: Movement for the Journey
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Q1) When the nervous system signals a muscle to contract ____________ ion channels open.
A)Phosphorus
B)Sodium
C)Myosin
D)Actin
Q2) The movement that is opposite of flexion is ________.
A)Abduction
B)Rotation
C)Extension
D)Supination
Q3) ________ are donut-shaped muscles that act as doorways to let materials in and out by alternately contracting and relaxing.
Q4) The myofilaments used during muscle contractions will return to their resting state when the ________ relax.
A)Sarcomeres
B)Myosin
C)Actin
D)Z Bars
Q5) The 3 types of muscle are cardiac, skeletal, and ____________.
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Chapter 8: The Integumentary System: the Protective
Covering
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Sample Questions
Q1) Hair is composed of fibrous protein called ________.
Q2) A(n) ________ is a pathologically altered piece of tissue that can include a wound or injury of a single infected patch of skin.
Q3) Fat cells are known as ____________.
Q4) A polyp is a small tumor with a stem.
A)True
B)False
Q5) ________ is the term for any type of hair loss, and can be acute or chronic.
Q6) Jaundice is caused by a build-up in the body of ________.
A)Carotene
B)Bilirubin
C)Melanin
D)Bile
Q7) A fourth-degree burn goes all the way to the ________.
Q8) A second-degree burn involves the entire depth of the ________ and a portion of the dermis and can cause blistering.
Q9) Warts, or ________, are caused by the papilloma virus.
Q10) The front of the ________ is considered to be 18% of the skin surface area. Page 11
Q11) When blood vessels get smaller in diameter it is known as ________.
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Chapter 9: The Nervous System Part I: the Information
Super Highway
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Q1) The part of the nervous system which is located outside the brain and spinal cord is called the ____________ system.
A)Endocrine
B)Central nervous
C)Sensory
D)Peripheral nervous
Q2) Sensory neurons are also called ________.
A)Interneurons
B)Input neurons
C)Output neurons
D)Glia cells
Q3) A synapse is a junction between two nodes of Ranvier.
A)True
B)False
Q4) This inflammatory condition is a result of repetitive motion and leads to numbness in the palm and fingers ________.
A)carpal tunnel syndrome
B)meningitis
C)myasthenia gravis
D)botulism
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Chapter 10: The Nervous System Part Ii: the Traffic Control Center
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Q1) The _______ is divided into two hemispheres.
Q2) During surgery, general anesthesia inhibits the ____________, causing unconsciousness in the patient.
A)Reticular system
B)Basal nuclei
C)Limbic system
D)Hypothalamus
Q3) Hydocephalus is a result of an excess of what fluid?
A)blood
B)CSF
C)CNS
D)ALS
Q4) A brain injury with swelling and bleeding with possible severe hemorrhaging (hematoma) is known as a ________.
A)Concussion
B)Contusion
C)TIA
D)CVA
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Q5) The ________ division of the autonomic nervous system controls the flight-or-fight response.
Chapter 11: The Senses: the Sights and Sounds
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Q1) All of the following are symptoms of otitis media except ________.
A)Sinus infection
B)Pus
C)Edema
D)Pain
Q2) Farsightedness is also known as ________.
A)Hyperopia
B)Myopia
C)Presbyopia
D)Amblyopia
Q3) Pink eye is called ____________.
Q4) ________ is frequently associated with an upper respiratory infection such as the common cold.
Q5) Which of the following is not a bone of the middle ear?
A)Cochlea
B)Stapes
C)Incus
D)Malleus
Q6) What you perceive as taste is mainly affected by the sense of
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Chapter 12: The Endocrine System: the Bodys Other Control System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is not true of the thymus gland?
A)It is located in the neck.
B)It is an endocrine gland.
C)It produces thymosin.
D)It is important in the body's immune system.
Q2) The most common cause of hypothyroidism is ________.
Q3) A specific type of hormone, called ____________, has the ability to interact directly with the cell's DNA.
A)Adrenaline
B)Protein
C)Sebum
D)Steroids
Q4) Thyroxin and triiodothyronine, hormones necessary for cell metabolism, are produced in the ____________ gland.
A)Pituitary
B)Adrenal
C)Thymus
D)Thyroid
Page 16
Q5) The male gonad is responsible for secreting the hormone ________.
Q6) Describe how the thyroid and parathyroid glands interact.
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Chapter 13: The Cardiovascular System: Transport and Supply
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Q1) Cardiac output is determined by heart rate and __________________.
Q2) ____________ is the process in which neutrophils surround and ingest invaders.
Q3) This is the approximate number of red blood cells in one cubic millimeter of blood.
A)1 million
B)3 million
C)5 million
D)7 million
Q4) ________ is a condition in which chronic low levels of oxygen (due to lung disease or living in high altitudes) cause the body to produce more than normal amounts of erythrocytes to transport more efficiently the smaller amounts of available oxygen.
A)Primary polycythemia
B)Primary erythrocytopenia
C)Secondary polycythemia
D)Secondary erythrocytopenia
Q5) Women who smoke and use oral contraceptives are at a higher risk of formation of thrombi in the blood vessels, which can break off to become ________.
Q6) A lower number of white cells than normal is ________.
Page 18
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Chapter 14: The Respiratory System: Its a Gas
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Q1) ________ is associated with a chronic productive cough, enlargement of mucous glands, and hypertrophy of the airway smooth muscle ________.
A)Asthma
B)Emphysema
C)Chronic bronchitis
D)Bronchiectasis
Q2) Premature infants are often in danger due to a lack of __________________ in the lungs.
Q3) The bronchi branch into ____________.
Q4) ________, or an inflamed voice box, is characterized by hoarseness and loss of speech.
Q5) In pleural effusion, if the fluid in the pleural space has pus, it is known as ________.
Q6) ________ is pus in the pleural space.
A)Hemothorax
B)Pleural effusion
C)Hydrothorax
D)Empyema
Q7) The smallest blood vessels are known as ________.
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Chapter 15: The Lymphatic and Immune Systems: Your Defense Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) Unique molecules found on the outer surface of cell membranes are called A)Antigens
B)Antibodies
C)Interferon
D)Cytokines
Q2) It is because of adaptive ________ that people normally get chicken pox only once.
A)Immunity
B)WBCs
C)Antibodies
D)Antigens
Q3) A rise in body temperature is one way the immune system deliberately tries to kill a(n) ________.
Q4) Cytotoxic T cells release a cytokine called ________, which causes infected cells to develop holes in their membranes and die.
Q5) Compare and contrast innate vs.adaptive immunity.
Q6) Describe why nodes are located near lungs, digestive, and reproductive organs.
Q7) ____________, or white blood cells, defend the body.
Q8) Explain why HIV causes severe immune deficiency by attacking one type of cell. Page 20
Q9) Redness, heat, swelling and pain are signs of ____________.
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Chapter 16: The Gastrointestinal System: Fuel for the Trip
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Q1) The oral cavity is lined with stratified squamous epithelium.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The ____________ is a flap of tissue that covers the airway to the lungs.
Q3) The stomach releases the hormone ____________ to aid in digestion.
A)Pepsin
B)HCL
C)Secretin
D)Gastrin
Q4) ________ disease is the major cause of tooth loss in the adult population.
Q5) When fluids in the small intestine are rushed through the large intestine before the water is adequately re-absorbed, ________ is the result.
Q6) Pancreatitis can be caused by all but which one of the following?
A)Gallbladder disease
B)Excessive pancreatic enzyme activation
C)Lithotripsy
D)Excessive alcohol consumption
Q7) The rhythmic, muscular contraction of the digestive system is known as
Q8) Inflammation of the appendix is called ________.
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Chapter 17: The Urinary System: Filtration and Fluid Balance
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Q1) Each afferent arteriole leads to a ball of capillaries called a(n) ________.
Q2) The second factor that affects tubular reabsorption and secretion is a special type of circulation around the nephron loop, called ________ circulation.
Q3) ________ is a general term for kidney disease particularly damage to the filtering apparatus of the nephrons.
Q4) The visceral layer of the glomerular capsule is made of specialized cells called podocytes.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Urinary tract infections are often caused by ____________ bacteria in the urinary tract.
A)Symbiotic
B)Fecal
C)Abdominal
D)Intestinal
Q6) The ureter is the tubing that transports urine from the bladder to the outside of the body.
A)True
B)False
23
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Chapter 18: The Reproductive System: Replacement and Repair
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Q1) The ________ layer of the uterus sheds about every 28 days when a woman has her period.
Q2) During the _____________ phase, the endometrium is building up.
Q3) HCG is secreted by the ovary.
A)True
B)False
Q4) ________ pregnancy is also known as a tubal pregnancy.
Q5) The absence of normal menstruation is called ________.
A)Dysmenorrhea
B)Amenorrhea
C)Dysfunctional uterine bleeding
D)Endometriosis
Q6) The narrow, lower part of the uterus is called the ________.
A)Body
B)Cervix
C)Fundus
D)Myometrium
Q7) The union of genetic material is called fertilization.
A)True
B)False Page 24
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Chapter 19: The Journeys End: Now What
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Q1) What is a common food that may taste metallic to the geriatric patient?
A)Tomato juice
B)Orange juice
C)Apple juice
D)Grape juice
Q2) Discuss how vitamin deficiencies affect health.
Q3) For several hundred years it was believed that ________ were poisonous.
A)Grapes
B)Poppy seeds
C)Tomatoes
D)Watermelons
Q4) A technique called video skull-face superimposition was used to identify ________.
A)Josef Mengele
B)Tutankhamen, "King Tut"
C)Both a and b
D)None of the above
Q5) Many triggers can make a cell cancerous, such as exposure to sunlight, radiation, and ________.
Q6) Approximately 80% of all lung cancers can be traced to ____________.
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