Analytical Reasoning Midterm
Exam
Course Introduction
Analytical Reasoning is a course designed to enhance students ability to systematically analyze information, identify patterns, and solve complex problems. The curriculum focuses on developing logical thinking skills, drawing valid conclusions from given data, and understanding relationships among variables. Students will engage with a variety of problem types, including puzzles, sequences, and arguments, using both inductive and deductive reasoning strategies. By the end of the course, learners will be equipped with the critical reasoning tools necessary for academic success and effective decision-making in diverse real-world scenarios.
Recommended Textbook
Critical Thinking A Users Manual 1st Edition by
Debra Jackson
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10 Chapters
215 Verified Questions
215 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Recognizing Arguments
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20 Verified Questions
20 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Roger never ate unless he was hungry, and he seldom is hungry.
A) 0
B) 1
C) 2
D) 3
Answer: C
Q2) Either banks are too cautious about lending to small businesses or the Federal Reserve is keeping money from the banks.
A) 0
B) 1
C) 2
D) 3
Answer: B
Q3) Mark has been late to work every day since he started working in our department.
A) Argument
B) Explanation
C) Neither an argument nor an explanation
Answer: C
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Analyzing Arguments
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25 Verified Questions
25 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) "Many members of Congress oppose elements of the legislation, so the president's health care reform bill will not pass. Accordingly, the president will soon be revising his plan for health care reform." Which of the following issues represents the issue(s) of this argument?
A) Whether many members of Congress oppose elements of the president's health care reform bill.
B) Whether the president's health care reform bill will pass.
C) Whether the president will soon be revising his plan for health care reform.
D) Both B and C.
Answer: C
Q2) "The defendant should be acquitted insofar as the evidence is weak and the witnesses are unreliable." Which of the following claims represents the conclusion of this argument?
A) The defendant should be acquitted.
B) The evidence is weak.
C) The witnesses are unrealiable.
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Diagramming Arguments
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25 Verified Questions
25 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Higher education should increase our ability to be self-reflective. So, it is a good plan to take courses in the humanities. Consequently, taking a course in the history of philosophy is wise.
Answer: 1. Higher education should increase our ability to be self-reflective. So, 2. it is a good plan to take courses in the humanities. Consequently, 3. taking a course in the history of philosophy is wise.
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Q2) If the economy doesn't improve soon, there will be large scale unemployment within the next few months. Because it won't improve soon, many people will be out of work by the end of the year. As a result, expect a bleak Christmas. Answer: 1. If the economy doesn't improve soon, there will be large scale unemployment within the next few months. Because 2. it won't improve soon, 3. many people will be out of work by the end of the year. As a result, 4. expect a bleak Christmas. 4. You should expect a bleak Christmas. 11ed2f3c_efcf_f61b_9f96_edb465c9f851_TB4256_11
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Chapter 4: Detecting Fallacies
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15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Second Amendment fans oppose every effort the government makes to restrict or regulate the sale of guns and ammunition. But how can they defend the view that the government has no role to play in our society. Think about it for a minute: don't we need government to defend our borders? Don't we need government to regulate food and drugs?
A) begging the question
B) appeal to ignorance
C) appeal to illegitimate authority
D) ad hominem
E) strawman
F) red herring
G) no fallacy committed
Q2) The CEO of the new green energy firm that recently moved into town gave a talk at the Town Hall meeting where he argued that building green will actually save the city money in the long run. Yet, this can't be true. After all, he's just going to say what is in his company's best interest, isn't he?
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Chapter 5: Preparing to Evaluate Arguments
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20 Verified Questions
20 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Even though we have landed a probe on Venus, it has never shown that life doesn't exist on that planet. Therefore, it's correct to conclude that life exists on Venus.
Q2) What evaluative language should you use for causal arguments?
A) valid/invalid; cogent/uncogent
B) valid/invalid; sound/unsound
C) strong/weak; cogent/uncogent
D) strong/weak; sound/unsound
Q3) Using a lemon when cooking is like using a lime. Given that limes can be added to bland foods to give them some zest, lemons, too, will give zest to bland foods.
A) categorical argument
B) truth-functional argument
C) analogical argument
D) inductive generalization
E) causal argument
Q4) Pear, plum, and apple trees are like apricot trees. Since pear, plum, and apple trees are good trees to plant for attracting hummingbirds, it's likely that planting apricot trees also attracts hummingbirds.
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Chapter 6: Evaluating Categorical Arguments
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30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) All boa constrictors are poisonous snakes. No rattlesnakes are boa constrictors. No rattlesnakes are poisonous snakes.
Q2) If Taliban fighters really shot down two American jets, then American technology is not as good as we thought it was. Therefore, the Taliban couldn't really have shot down the American jets, given that American technology is as good as we thought it was.
Q3) If you want to be a nursing major, then you must take an anatomy class.
Q4) The only path to success is through hard work.
Q5) All P are M
Some S are M
Some S are P
Q6) Some sports cars are red.
Q7) Some P are not M
Some S are M
Some S are not P
Q8) Not everyone who's tall plays basketball. This is because soccer players are tall, and not every soccer player is a basketball player.
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Q9) Educated people have good manners, and no one who has good manners can be selfish.
Chapter 7: Evaluating Truth-Functional Arguments
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35 Verified Questions
35 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) P \(\sqsupset\) S
J \(\sqsupset\) S
\(\therefore\) P \(\sqsupset\) J
Q2) Either wealth is an evil or wealth is a good; but wealth is not an evil; therefore wealth is a good. - Sextus Empiricus, Against the Logicians
Q3) This spring, Michael will go to Europe or travel through China, and he will keep a daily journal.
A) E \(\lor\) C J
B) (E \(\lor\) C) J
C) E \(\lor\) (C J)
D) (E C) \(\lor\) J
Q4) \( \begin{array}{l}(\mathrm{A} \cdot \mathrm{B}) \supset \mathrm{C} \\ \sim \underline{\mathrm{A} \vee \sim \mathrm{B}} \\ \therefore \mathrm{C}\end{array} \)
A) modus ponens
B) modus tollens
C) denying the antecedent
D) affirming the consequent
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Chapter 8: Evaluating Analogical Arguments
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15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Crescent City School District has seen improved overall standardized test scores for Middle School students each year for the past five years. We thus have reason to believe, given the similarities between the Crescent City School District and the Windy City School District, that scores have improved in the Windy City School District as well.
Q2) House cats are felines, and they love it when someone scratches their chin. Since Siberian tigers are also felines, they probably like having their chins scratched, too.
Q3) Portugal is a lot like Spain. Since the decriminalization of drugs in Portugal has resulted in a decline of drug use among youth, the decriminalization of drugs in Spain will also decrease drug use among youth.
Q4) Both physicians and school teachers can change people's entire lives. Given that teachers may be paid according to how well their students learn what is being taught, physicians may be paid according to how well their patients do after receiving treatment.
Q5) All birds have feathers, and all Archaeopteryx dinosaurs have feathers. Therefore, amazingly, all Archaeopteryx dinosaurs are birds. What a concept!
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Evaluating Inductive Generalizations
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Sample Questions
Q1) House Republicans have been arguing that entitlement programs such as Social Security and Medicare need to be reduced by up to 10%. But is depriving our elderly of all government assistance really what we want to do? I don't think so. These are the people who have sacrificed for us, their children, and they deserve better in their old age.
Q2) Which inductive generalization is stronger?
A) Wishing to discover whether audiences were likely to want to see her newest film, a movie producer invited a randomly selected group of 300 potential viewers of the movie. After screening a portion of the movie, she asked participants to fill out a survey ranking their likelihood of viewing the new movie. Only 1/3 of the viewers were positive about the film, so the producer concluded that it was not going to be a success.
B) Wishing to discover whether audiences were likely to want to see her newest film, a movie producer invited a randomly selected group of 100 potential viewers of the movie. After screening a portion of the movie, she asked participants to fill out a survey ranking their likelihood of viewing the new movie. Only 1/3 of the viewers were positive about the film, so the producer concluded that it was not going to be a success.
Q3) I tend to live in the past because most of my life is there.-Herb Caen
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11
Chapter 10: Evaluating Causal Arguments
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which causal argument is stronger?
A) In 1952, London experienced the worst smog in its history. What has become known as the Great Smog of 1952 caused the premature death of some 4000 people. Death rates in the weeks and months preceding the event were similar to those of the previous years, but rose dramatically right after the Great Smog.
B) In 1952, London experienced the worst smog in its history. What has become known as the Great Smog of 1952 caused the premature death of some 4000 people. Death rates in the weeks and months preceding the event were similar to those of the previous years, but rose dramatically right after the Great Smog. Some attribute the deaths to an influenza epidemic that same year, but I doubt it.
Q2) Three of the students in the residence hall had severe headaches last evening. The cause of the headaches must have been breathing paint fumes, since the only thing they had in common was that each of their rooms had been painted during the day.
Q3) It's clear that Egyptian plain clothes police provocateurs caused the violence in Tahrir Square since the violence in the square resulted from Egyptian police not in uniform.
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