American History Since 1865 Exam Answer Key - 782 Verified Questions
American History Since 1865
Exam Answer Key
Course Introduction
American History Since 1865 explores the major political, social, economic, and cultural developments in the United States from the end of the Civil War to the present day. This course examines Reconstruction, the rise of industrialization, progressive reforms, both World Wars, the Cold War era, civil rights movements, and contemporary issues shaping the modern nation. Emphasis is placed on the diverse experiences and contributions of various groups within American society, as well as the countrys evolving role in global affairs. The course develops critical thinking and analytical skills through the study of primary and secondary sources, fostering a deeper understanding of the complex forces that have shaped modern America.
Recommended Textbook
History of the American Economy With Infotrac 11th Edition by Gary M. Walton
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29 Chapters
782 Verified Questions
782 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Economic History
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is most accurate about ownership of household goods,such as flush toilets,refrigerators,televisions,clothes dryers and automobiles?
A)Very few Americans at the poverty level in 2005 own these goods.
B)Americans at the poverty level in 2005 own these goods at about the same rate as average households in 1950.
C)Americans at the poverty level in 2005 own these goods at higher rates than average households in 1950.
D)Americans at the poverty level in 2005 own these goods at about half the rate as average households in 1950.
Answer: C
Q2) Per capita GDP in the US during the 20 century _____.
A)has remained about the same.
B)increased until about 1970 and decreased since then.
C)was cyclical,but generally trending upward throughout the century.
D)grew very quickly for the first half of the century and grew at a much lower rate in the second half of the century.
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: Founding the Colonies
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Q1) Of the English-owned joint stock companies that operated in North America,which was the only one to survive longer than 20 years?
A)The London Company
B)The New Plymouth Company
C)The Hudson Bay Company
D)The Massachusetts Bay Company
Answer: C
Q2) Who would be most likely to move from Europe to the New World in the early 1600s?
A)A 19 year-old,first born son with many skills.
B)A 37 year-old skilled carpenter.
C)A 17 year-old from a poor family.
D)A 21 year-old woman.
E)An unskilled laborer with a wife and two children.
Answer: C
Q3) The market for indentured servants could be best described as:
A)A monopoly.
B)An oligopoly.
C)A competitive market.
Answer: C
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Colonial Economic Activities
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Sample Questions
Q1) All of the following were important colonial industries except:
A)fishing and fish packing
B)production of ships' stores
C)manufacturing of finished iron goods
D)shipbuilding
Answer: C
Q2) The only mineral that was available in any significant quantity in colonial America was:
A)Gold.
B)Silver.
C)Iron.
D)Coal.
Answer: A
Q3) What was not true about the economy of the Middle Colonies?
A)It was a net importer of food.
B)The farms were generally smaller than those in the South.
C)The crops did not have large economies of scale.
D)Its main agricultural products were grains.
Answer: A
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Page 5
Chapter 4: The Economic Relations of the Colonies
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Q1) The aims of mercantilists do not include
A)achieving power and wealth for the state.
B)achieving political and economic unity.
C)keeping artisans in the home country.
D)All of the above were aims of the mercantilists.
Q2) Under the British Navigation Acts,enumerated goods were a list of colonial
A)exports showing how dependent the British were on the colonies.
B)imports showing how dependent the colonies were on Britain.
C)exports that had to be shipped through British middlemen.
D)exports that were reserved for the crown.
Q3) During the English civil war in the 1640s,the _____ made great inroads into the carrying trade.
A)Italians
B)Dutch
C)Spanish
D)French
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6
Chapter 5: Economic Progress and Wealth
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Q1) The standard of living (measured by what one can purchase with after-tax income)of free Americans on the eve of the Revolution was ______.
A)lower than in 18 century England,and lower than for most people in the "Third World" today.
B)higher than in 18 -century England,and higher than for most people in the "Third World" today.
C)lower than in 18 century England,but higher than for most people in the "Third World" today.
D)higher than in 18 century England,but lower than for most people in the "Third World" today.
Q2) From 1680 to 1770 average ship speeds
A)increased by 10 percent
B)increased by 20 percent
C)increased by 30 percent
D)decreased by 5 percent
E)did not change appreciably.
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Chapter 6: Three Crises and Revolt
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Q1) In a Crown colony
A)both its governor and upper house were appointed by the Crown.
B)the governor was appointed by the Crown while the upper house was elected by the propertied adult males within the colony.
C)only the lower house could initiate fiscal legislation.
D)Both a and b are correct.
E)Both a and c are correct.
Q2) Which of the following acts of England's Parliament did not occur after the Seven Year's War and before the American Revolution?
A)Stamp Act.
B)Quartering Act.
C)Declaratory Act.
D)Navigation Acts.
Q3) What was not a grievance of the Continental Congress that met in October 1774?
A)Taxes had been imposed upon the colonies by the British Parliament.
B)The colonies were not permitted to trade with nations other than England.
C)England had confiscated western colonial land.
D)Persons could be transported out of the colonies for trials.
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Chapter 7: Hard Realities for a New Nation
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Q1) Which of the following most accurately and completely describes the responsibilities the Constitution gave to the federal government?
A)The authority to provide for copyrights and patents.
B)The right to tax income.
C)The authority to regulate interstate commerce.
D)Both a and c
Q2) What generated the most revenue for the U.S.government in the first 20 years after the Revolution?
A)Income taxes
B)Property taxes
C)Tariffs on goods imported from other nations
D)Inheritance taxes
E)Taxes on products shipped between states
Q3) The Embargo Act (1807)
A)provided little,if any aid to the emerging manufacturing sector in the U.S.
B)successfully forced England and France to ease their harassment of neutral ships.
C)reduced U.S.imports,but increased U.S.exports.
D)remained in effect until after the Civil War.
E) None of the above are correct.
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Land and the Early Western Movements
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Q1) What best describes Thomas Jefferson's view of how American Indians should be treated?
A)Tribes should be forced to leave their native lands in the east and move west.
B)Indians should have full property rights that should be respected by whites.
C)Indians could continue to live on their reservations but the federal government should have access to all mining and natural resources on their land.
Q2) The Land Ordinances of 1785 and 1787 included provisions for all of the following except:
A)surveys prior to sale of Western land.
B)the number of states that could be created from the Northwest Territory.
C)guidelines for the eventual creation of Western states.
D)sale of the land in plots of one square mile.
E) All of the above were provisions of the ordinances.
Q3) Which was not one of the main U.S.land acquisitions?
A)Mexican Cession.
B)Western Purchase.
C)Gadsden Purchase.
D)The Oregon Country.
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Chapter 9: Transportation and Market Growth
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Sample Questions
Q1) Between 1830 and 1860,the number of miles of railroad in operation increased by
A)roughly 100 percent.
B)roughly 500 percent.
C)roughly 750 percent.
D)over 1000 percent.
Q2) According to Walton and Rockoff,the primary reason the Federal government failed to build an adequate highway system before the Civil War was
A)the technology was not available.
B)the canal craze diverted attention.
C)rivalries among different sections of the country stalled legislation.
D)the teachings of Adam Smith were taken too literally.
Q3) Despite dramatic increases in trackage during the antebellum period,the U.S.was slow to develop an integrated railroad system.This was primarily due to
A)the opposition of municipal governments to railroads.
B)the opposition of the federal government to railroads.
C)the failure to adopt a standard gauge for track.
D)heavy taxes on railroad companies.
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Chapter 10: Market Expansion Industry in First Transition
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Sample Questions
Q1) By 1830 home manufacture had declined significantly due to
A)increased industrial organization.
B)increased tariffs.
C)advances in transportation.
D)Both a and b are correct.
E)Both a and c are correct.
Q2) According to Walton and Rockoff,what is not a pre-condition for factory production and industrialization?
Q3) What constituted the majority of federal government revenues in 1860?
A)Property tax.
B)Tariffs.
C)Income tax.
D)Fees and Licenses.
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12
Chapter 11: Labor During the Early Industrial Period
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following best describes the antebellum U.S.?
A)Immigration peaked in the 1820s and slowly decreased through the Civil War.
B)Union membership grew consistently through the period and comprised a substantial portion of the working population by the Civil War.
C)English wages grew relative to those of the U.S.
D)The percentage of people living in urban areas in U.S.approximately tripled.
E)The North had the most unequal income distribution because of its large increase in industry.
Q2) Which statement best describes the growth rate of adult male real wages between 1820-1860 in the U.S.?
A)The growth rate was about the same as it was in pre-Revolutionary U.S.
B)The growth rate was negative.
C)The growth rate was more than 5 percent per year.
D)The growth rate was 1.2-1.6 percent per year.
Q3) The Waltham System
A)employed whole families to work in textile mills.
B)employed young women in their late teens and early twenties.
C)employed young children,who often worked 10-12 hours per day.
D)was considered a disreputable form of employment for women.
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Money and Banking in the Developing Economy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Near the end of the eighteenth century,the dollar
A)was a nickname for the Spanish Peso.
B)was more plentiful than any other coin.
C)was customarily used to reckon accounts.
D)All of the above are correct.
Q2) Thomas Jefferson argued that the U.S.should adopt the Spanish dollar as the official unit of account because
A)so many colonists came from Spanish-speaking nations.
B)it was based on the decimal system.
C)it was less prone to inflation than other units of account.
D)it was the unit of account used in most European countries.
Q3) The Coinage Act of 1792
A)designated both gold and silver as the monetary standard for the U.S.
B)designated gold as the monetary standard for the U.S.
C)designated silver as the monetary standard for the U.S.
D)designated paper Treasury notes as the monetary standard for the U.S.
Q4) Which was not a result of the California gold rush?
A)A substantial increase in the money supply.
B)A large increase in GNP.
C)A significant decrease in the prices of farm goods.
Page 14
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Chapter 13: The Entrenchment of Slavery and Regional Conflict
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Sample Questions
Q1) With the adoption of the U.S.Constitution in 1787, an importation of slaves was allowed,but only for the next 20 years.
A)importation of slaves was made illegal.
B)importation of slaves from the Caribbean was prohibited,but importation of African slaves was allowed.
C)importation of slaves was allowed only on federally-approved vessels that met minimum crew sizes.
Q2) By 1825,what area in the New World had the greatest portion of slaves?
A)Spanish colonies
B)The West Indies
C)The United States
D)Brazil
Q3) Most current economic historians believe that
A)slavery was profitable and viable.
B)slavery would have eventually ended due to its inherent unprofitability.
C)slavery was economically inefficient.
D)free labor was more productive than slave labor.
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Page 15
Chapter 14: War, Recovery and Regional Divergence
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Q1) Which statement best describes the immediate post-slavery experience for ex-slaves?
A)They were able to engage fully in the economic,social and political activities in their towns.
B)Freedmen took advantage of the educational opportunities available to them and had education rates equal to those of whites.
C)Most freedmen immediately moved north.
D)Their life expectancies increased dramatically.
E)Their income increased relative to the income of whites.
Q2) In response to Southern restrictions on the export of cotton in 1861 and 1862,
A)Britain was forced to give financial aid to the Confederate government due to its dependence on Southern cotton.
B)Britain provided a naval blockade protecting ships carrying Southern cotton.
C)the price of Southern cotton soared,allowing Southern planters to earn substantial profits.
D)Britain relied on alternate sources of supply to meet its cotton demand.
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16
Chapter 15: Agricultures Western Advance
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Sample Questions
Q1) Quantitative evidence on federal land policy has led current economic historians to conclude that
A)the policy was inefficient and reduced total output.
B)the policy was largely inefficient,with evidence of increased output only found on large farms.
C)the Homestead Act allowed western farmers to enjoy rising agricultural prices for most of the post-bellum period.
D)average rates of return on western agricultural investments were comparable to those in manufacturing.
Q2) According to Gary Libecap and Ronald Johnson,one positive outcome of the fraud that often allowed large companies to obtain land intended for homesteaders was A)fines charged to fraudulent companies provided substantial revenues for the federal government.
B)resources were transferred to companies that could take advantage of economies of scale.
C)conflicts between farmers and railroads were reduced.
D)legislators friendly to economic development were elected because of backing from the fraudulent companies.
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17
Chapter 16: Railroads and Economic Change
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Q1) Widespread assumptions about the first transatlantic railroad did NOT include
A)that government support was as essential.
B)that profits to the nation would be enormous.
C)that private investors would be easily compensated for any risk.
D)that transatlantic crossing via rail would take a fraction of the time of a clipper ship passage.
Q2) Albert Fishlow argued that if the railroads were built ahead of demand we would observe initial profit rates that were very ______ and initial population densities that were very _______.
A)low;high.
B)high;low.
C)low;low.
D)high;high.
Q3) Economic theory predicts that a profit maximizing car rental agency with some market power would set its prices in what way?
A)Charge the same for both weekday and weekend rentals.
B)Charge more for weekend rentals and less for weekday rentals.
C)Charge more for rentals during the week and less for weekend rentals.
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Chapter 17: Industrial Expansion and Concentration
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Q1) What best describes the changes in steel production from 1860-1910?
A)The open-hearth process quickly became the dominant production process after it was invented.
B)Technological change in steel production changed relatively slowly.
C)No technological changes occurred in the steel industry.
D)The production of steel stayed constant through this period,but it became much more efficient.
Q2) During the 1870s and 1880s,which technological innovation was NOT introduced?
A)the roller mill to process oatmeal
B)steel-bottomed stills
C)long-distance pipelines
D)the typewriter
E) All of the above are correct.
Q3) Recall the text's discussion of the ten largest U.S.industries by value added in 1860 and 1910.The emergence of tobacco products and malt liquors as major industries by 1910 suggests that
A)these goods are highly income elastic.
B)these goods are highly income inelastic.
C)these goods are price inelastic.
D)these goods exhibit economies of scale in production.
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Chapter 18: The Emergence of Americas Labor Consciousness
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Q1) In 1917,Congress imposed a serious restriction on immigration when it passed ________________ over President Wilson's veto.
A)a quota system
B)a minimum wealth standard
C)a literacy test
D)a ban on Chinese immigration
Q2) Statutes prescribing maximum hours and minimum wages for women were common by 1920.The effects of these laws included all of the following except A)complementary limits on the hours of male workers.
B)a negligible impact on female employment.
C)reduced competition for jobs between male and female workers.
D)increased employment of women in managerial positions.
Q3) The American Federation of Labor
A)was an amalgamation of two labor organizations.
B)had over 1 million members by 1905.
C)sought to control job opportunities and conditions within each craft.
D)allied with the National Civic Federation in attempt to create a more favorable public image.
E) All of the above.
Page 20
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Chapter 19: Money, Prices, and Finance in the Postbellum
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Q1) One important issue in the post-bellum currency debate concerned the coinage of silver by the federal government.Which of the following statements presents accurate information regarding the silver debate?
A)Silver circulated widely as money in the years immediately prior to the Coinage Act of 1873.
B)The Bland-Allison Act allowed for the Treasury to make limited monthly silver purchases at the market price.
C)Silver never circulated as money in the U.S.after 1873;however,it was used as a unit of account.
D)Congress passed the Coinage Act in 1873 despite widespread public opposition to this legislation at the time.
Q2) In the late 1800s,problems with the U.S.banking system included
A)uneven distribution of notes throughout the country.
B)varied banking regulations across states.
C)the use of "country bank" reserves to support call loans made by larger urban banks.
D)the tendency of commercial banks to reduce money and credit during recessions.
E)All of the above.
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Page 21
Chapter 20: Commerce at Home and Abroad
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Q1) According to Martha Olney why did blacks buy on installment at almost twice the rate of whites?
A)Installment contracts were formal and could be used legally for repossession while credit agreements could not.
B)Blacks did not like to buy things on credit.
C)Blacks were more likely than whites to purchase goods that required installment purchases.
D)It was easier for blacks,who tended to have lower income than whites,to pay off their debts on a regular schedule that the installment plans offered.
Q2) What is most accurate about the United States' trading patterns between 1850 and 1900?
A)The US exported more finished manufacturers in 1850 than it did in 1900.
B)Raw materials accounted for a greater share of US imports in 1850 than they did in 1900.
C)Manufactured and raw foodstuffs accounted for about 75% of exports in both 1850 and 1900.
D)In 1850,the US's largest export was raw materials and its larges import was finished manufacturers.
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Chapter 21: Mobilizing for War
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Q1) The U.S.financed WWI primarily by:
A)increasing personal income taxes.
B)increasing corporate taxes and luxury taxes.
C)borrowing from the public.
D)printing new money.
Q2) Between 1914 and 1920,the US price level ______________.
A)fell dramatically.
B)nearly doubled.
C)rose and fell in accordance with intensity of the war.
D)remained relatively stable.
Q3) What most accurately describes what happened to earnings in the US between 1914 and 1920?
A)Both nominal and real earnings increased substantially.
B)Nominal and real earnings dropped significantly as the World War I triggered a recession.
C)Nominal earnings increased slightly,but real wages decreased because of the large inflation.
D)A period of deflation led real earnings to increase even though nominal earnings had decreased slightly.
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Page 23
Chapter 22: The Roaring Twenties
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Q1) Although the McNary-Haugen bill never became law,it was widely discussed during the 1920s.Which of the following was NOT a provision of the bill?
A)government purchase of crops in order to raise agricultural prices
B)government sale of excess crops on the world market
C)payment for the program through capital gains taxes on business
D)high tariffs on agricultural imports
E)All of the above were provisions of the McNary-Haugen Bill.
Q2) Which of the following was not a major source of economic growth in the 1920s?
A)construction of residential housing
B)production of consumer durables
C)railroad construction
D)automobile production
Q3) Which of the following pieces of agricultural legislation might be thought of as a solution to a problem that did not exist?
A)the Federal Intermediate Credit Act
B)the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act
C)the Agricultural Marketing Act
D)the Capper-Volstead Act
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Chapter 23: The Great Depression
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Q1) In the United States in the 1920s,there were many bank failures in ___ areas,as the result of ___.
A)rural,high levels of indebtedness taken on in WWI.
B)rural,pro-urban Federal spending policies.
C)urban,lack of demand from the lower middle class for industrial products.
D)urban,pro-rural Federal spending policies.
Q2) Walton and Rockoff contend that the likelihood of a Great Depression happening again is _______ because (among other reasons)_______.
A)substantial,our continued dependence on a highly volatile stock market.
B)substantial,of our reliance on a fractional reserve banking system.
C)remote,policymakers are unlikely to repeat the mistakes of the 1930s.
D)remote,industry now makes up a much larger share of GNP than it did in the 1930s.
Q3) Which was not a factor in causing the Great Depression?
A)the end of a boom in construction
B)the crash of the stock market
C)a struggling agriculture sector
D)structural weakness in the banking system
E) All of the above were factors causing the Great Depression.
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25
Chapter 24: The New Deal
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Q1) The New Deal policies both relieved distress and reformed the system to prevent future depressions.An example of the former is the ___ while the ___ is an example of the latter.
Q2) Which were among the important reforms of the banking system that resulted from the financial crisis of the 1920 and 1930s?
A)the Glass-Steagall Act
B)the prohibition of interest payments on bank deposits
C)the separation of commercial banking from investment banking
D)All of the above are correct.
E) Only a and c are correct.
Q3) Which of the following did the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA)of 1938 not accomplish?
A)Lowered the maximum work week to 44 hours for many industries.
B)Outlawed companies' rights to break union strikes.
C)Prohibited many forms of child labor.
D)Set a minimum wage for laborers.
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Chapter 25: World War II
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Q1) The draft is analogous to a tax,where the amount of the tax equals
A)the discounted present value of the soldier's lost private sector income.
B)the estimated value of a human life.
C)the difference between what a soldier would need to be paid to serve voluntarily and his/her actual pay.
D)The soldier's earnings while enlisted.
Q2) Which of the following statements is most accurate about the role of minorities in the US?
A)The armed services were desegregated before World War II.
B)Although African Americans had historically lived on agricultural areas,by 1970 about 75% of African Americans lived in urban areas.
C)During World War II,there was a large increase in demand for hiring highly skilled Japanese-Americans.
Q3) When an economy is at full employment,increases in military production
A)cause a movement along the PPF.
B)cause an outward shift in the PPF.
C)mean that the economy is operating outside the PPF.
D)mean that the economy is operating inside the PPF.
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Chapter 26: The Changing Role of the Federal Government
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Q1) Alfred Kahn's plan for airline deregulation emphasized
A)marginal cost pricing of tickets.
B)average cost pricing of tickets.
C)federal subsidies for certain airlines.
D)increased federal taxes on airline profits.
Q2) According to William Niskanen's model of bureaucracy,bureaus tend to be overfunded because
A)it is difficult for Congress to determine the shape of a bureau's supply curve.
B)it is difficult for Congress to determine the shape of a bureau's demand curve.
C)Congressional leaders believe that deficit spending leads to economic growth.
D)Congressional leaders believe that government employees are underpaid.
Q3) Transfer payments include
A)government spending on tanks and planes.
B)government spending on national forests and parks.
C)the salaries of senators and federal judges.
D)welfare benefits and Social Security payments.
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Chapter 27: Government the Business Cycle After World
War II
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Q1) Following WWII,savings and loan associations (S&Ls)emerged as serious competitors of commercial banks,especially in the market for A)loans to new businesses.
B)home mortgages.
C)trust funds.
D)government bond sales.
Q2) In the early 1980s,many people found themselves unable to purchase new homes because of
A)rising prices and interest rates.
B)rising prices and falling interest rates.
C)new government restrictions on mortgages for first-time buyers.
D)increases in income tax rates.
Q3) During his tenure as chair,Alan Greenspan has firmly adhered to
A)a policy of steady growth in the money supply at precisely the same rate over time.
B)policies designed to promote price stability.
C)policies that encouraged large and rapid increases in stock prices.
D)a policy of fixed interest rates.
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Page 29
Chapter 28: Manufacturing, Productivity, and Labor
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48 Verified Questions
48 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/44484
Sample Questions
Q1) The primary area of growth in the modern U.S.economy is
A)the manufacturing sector.
B)the agricultural sector.
C)the service sector.
D)the market for U.S.exports.
Q2) Response to the energy crisis of the early 1970s did not include
A)gasoline "rationing by waiting."
B)gasoline "rationing by price."
C)increased bureaucratic involvement.
D)Americans insulating their homes.
Q3) In 2001,the labor force participation rate of married women equaled ________.
A)about 10 percent.
B)about 25 percent.
C)just over 60 percent.
D)more than 80 percent.
Q4) According to economic theory,the real wage should
A)be greater than the price of the product produced.
B)equal the marginal physical product of labor.
C)be less than the marginal product of capital.
D)decline as productivity rises.
Page 30
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Chapter 29: Achievements of the Past, Challenges for the Future
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33 Verified Questions
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Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/44485
Sample Questions
Q1) What best describes the relationship between England and the US?
A)Throughout US history Britain has been one of the leading sources of immigrants.
B)During most of the colonial period it provided relatively little monitoring of colonial actions.
C)England often fought the Portuguese to protect its holding in colonial America.
D)Until the Civil War,England was the primary source for American manufactured goods.
Q2) Which of the following is most accurate?
A)The US has always had a national bank since the early 1800s.
B)The US is currently on the gold standard.
C)The US used both gold and silver to back its currency during the entire 19 century.
D)The US experienced low inflation during the 1970s because it printed very little money.
E)The US Federal Reserve is relatively independent compared to similar institutions in most other industrialized nations.
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