American History I Exam Materials
Course Introduction
American History I provides a comprehensive overview of the political, social, economic, and cultural development of the United States from its pre-Columbian beginnings through the end of Reconstruction in 1877. The course traces the origins of Native American societies, European colonization, the establishment and growth of the thirteen colonies, the causes and consequences of the American Revolution, the framing of the Constitution, and the formation of the early Republic. Key topics include westward expansion, issues surrounding slavery, sectional conflict, the Civil War, and the challenges of Reconstruction. By analyzing primary sources and examining diverse perspectives, students gain a deeper understanding of the foundational events and figures that shaped early American history.
Recommended Textbook
The Brief American Pageant A History of the Republic Volume I To 1877 9th Edition by David
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M. Kennedy
Chapter 1: New World Beginnings
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Q1) One of the most dramatic transformations in North American Indians' way of life after the Europeans arrived was the
A) Indians swift adaptation to urban existence.
B) use of the horse to create highly mobile hunting societies.
C) introduction of commercial trade in corn and potatoes with Europe.
D) overturning of Indians' previously matriarchal social structure.
E) steady growth in Indian population.
Answer: B
Q2) Nomadic Asian hunters - most likely the first humans to enter the American continents - were
A) conquered by Vikings from Scandinavia.
B) warrior peoples.
C) the immigrant ancestors of Native Americans.
D) enslaved by the first European explorers.
E) believed to be responsible for cultivating maize.
Answer: C
Q3) caravel
Answer: Answers will vary.
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Q1) What were the Carolinas´ most important exports in the early colonial era?
A) Rice and Indian slaves
B) Sugar and corn
C) Tobacco and furs
D) Black slaves and cotton
E) Sugar and cotton
Answer: A
Q2) Jamestown
Answer: Answers will vary.
Q3) What role did "squatters" play in settling the Carolinas?
A) They pioneered the use of modern agricultural techniques.
B) They championed the rights of the indigenous Indian tribes.
C) They carved out a safe haven for Jewish immigrants.
D) They prevented Spanish incursions on English territory.
E) They illegally occupied land in what became North Carolina and helped establish the new colony´s reputation as independent-minded.
Answer: E
Q4) Roanoke Island
Answer: Answers will vary.
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Chapter 3: Settling the Northern Colonies,1619-1700
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Q1) What is NOT a feature that distinguished the middle colonies from the other colonies in New England and to the south?
A) Deep and fertile soil and easily navigable rivers
B) A modest amount of industry, less than in New England but more than in the southern colonies
C) Apart from New York, the size of landholdings was generally intermediate - smaller than southern plantations, but larger than the small holding typical of New England
D) The population of the middle colonies was more ethnically mixed than in the other colonial regions
E) Settlers in the middle colonies proved far kinder to native Indian tribes than in New England or the southern colonies
Answer: E
Q2) "Bible Commonwealth"
Answer: Answers will vary.
Q3) "Penn's Woodland"
Answer: Answers will vary.
Q4) heresy
Answer: Answers will vary.
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Chapter 4: American Life in the Seventeenth
Century,1607-1692
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Q1) New Englanders' relationship to the land differed from that of Native Americans in all of the following ways EXCEPT for their shared
A) reliance on the technique of burning woodlands to restore forest growth.
B) belief in the right to own land.
C) sense of duty to improve the land.
D) efforts to reshape the land to meet their needs.
E) desire to build permanent settlements.
Q2) In seventeenth century colonial America all of the following were true EXCEPT
A) men controlled the sphere of childbirth.
B) women could not vote.
C) women were regarded as morally weaker than men.
D) divorce was largely forbidden.
E) convicted adulterers were whipped and forced to wear the letter "A" on their clothing.
Q3) Which statement about Bacon's Rebellion is FALSE?
A) It made African slavery more appealing.
B) It encouraged planters to look for less troublesome laborers.
C) Governor Berkeley was dismissed from office.
D) Nathaniel Bacon died of disease during the rebellion.
E) Tensions between labor and planters endured long after it ended.
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Q1) Although manufacturing in the colonies was of only secondary importance,colonists did produce
A) rum.
B) beaver hats.
C) lumber.
D) iron.
E) tea.
Q2) Explain how the Great Awakening,an intensely religious movement,contributed to the greater unity of Americans across colonial lines as well as the separation of church and state.
Q3) Transportation in colonial America was
A) surprisingly fast for the time.
B) safer by road than by any other means.
C) slow by any of the means available.
D) enhanced by the introduction of the Pony Express.
E) most hazardous on the waterways.
Q4) John Trumbull
Q5) triangular trade
Q6) George Whitefield
Q7) New York slave revolt Page 7
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Chapter 6: The Duel for North America,1608-1763
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Q1) The coureurs de bois were
A) French soldiers.
B) mixed-race descendants of French and Indians.
C) Jesuit priests.
D) French farmers.
E) French fur trappers.
Q2) Benjamin Franklin
Q3) Battle of Québec
Q4) British regulars
Q5) In the wake of the French defeat in Montreal in 1760,the French population in Canada
A) decided to adapt to the new flag and masters.
B) vowed to continue its resistance in guerrilla warfare.
C) fled into the Canadian hinterlands.
D) conspired against the British with nearby Indian tribes.
E) continued to preserve their French heritage and still form a strong French minority in Canada today.
Q6) Huguenots
Q7) coureurs de bois
Q8) Acadia
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Chapter 7: The Road to Revolution 1763-1775
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Q1) What was the main reason for the creation of the First Continental Congress?
A) To protest the Intolerable Acts and redress colonial grievances
B) To pass legislation that would nullify British tax laws
C) To raise an army
D) To declare America's independence from Britain
E) To establish a unified government for the colonies
Q2) Mercantilism provided Americans with
A) assistance with training the American military.
B) incorporation into the British empire with minimal taxation.
C) opportunities to share in the governance of other British colonies.
D) a monopoly for American planters in the British tobacco market.
E) discounts on products produced by other British colonies.
Q3) Hessians
Q4) Assess the validity of the following statement,"It might be said that it was the British who were revolutionaries in 1763 and the colonists who were conservatives attempting to preserve the status quo."
Q5) duty
Q6) Quebec Act
Q7) Minute Men
Q8) "Continental"
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Q1) Which group of Americans was LEAST likely to support the crown after 1776?
A) The well educated
B) The older generation
C) The Anglican church and its members
D) New Englanders
E) The wealthy
Q2) The Declaration of Independence did NOT
A) invoke the natural rights of humankind to justify revolt.
B) provide a long list of allegedly tyrannical actions by King George III.
C) explain the reasons for revolt to "a candid world."
D) blame the British Parliament and public for oppressing Americans.
E) charge the king with inciting Indian hostility.
Q3) Which trait was NOT one of George Washington's great strengths as commander of America's Revolutionary army?
A) Moral force
B) Courage
C) A sense of justice
D) Military genius
E) Patience
Q4) invasion of Canada
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Chapter 9: The Confederation and the Constitution,1776-1790
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Q1) What was one of the most important features of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787?
A) It set aside a section of each township for education.
B) It abolished slavery in all of the United States.
C) It prohibited slavery in the Old Northwest.
D) It used the revenue from land sales for defense of the West.
E) It established "land grant" universities in each of the Great Lakes states.
Q2) Which advantage did the federalists have in the state ratification struggles?
A) They were overwhelming popular in the large state of New York.
B) They controlled the vital western frontier.
C) They had wide support in Europe.
D) They were favored by most clergy.
E) They controlled the vast majority of the newspapers in America at the time.
Q3) anarchy
Q4) Which statement about the Massachusetts state constitution is FALSE?
A) It was drafted by a special convention called for just that purpose.
B) It was put directly to the state´s voters for ratification.
C) It enshrined the ideal of rule by a "natural aristocracy" of talent.
D) It served as a model for the drafting and ratification of the federal Constitution.
E) It could only be amended by another special convention.
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Chapter 10: Launching the New Ship of State,1789-1800
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Q1) two-party system
Q2) The early Federalist support for the French Revolution turned into angry hostility when
A) the French abandoned their commitment to the Franco-American alliance.
B) the French revolutionaries denounced the American Revolution.
C) the Revolution turned more radical and began its Reign of Terror.
D) the French agent Citizen Genêt arrived in America to stir up trouble.
E) the French began to harass and imprison Americans in Paris.
Q3) The Virginia and Kentucky resolutions were written in protest of A) the XYZ affair.
B) the presidential candidacy of Thomas Jefferson in 1800.
C) the Alien and Sedition Acts.
D) the U.S. army's suppression of the Whiskey Rebellion.
E) the Federalist papers.
Q4) XYZ affair
Q5) What were the essential goals of Hamilton's economic and financial policies? Why did they stir so much opposition?
Q6) Judiciary Act of 1789
Q7) Whiskey Rebellion
Q8) Matthew Lyon
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Chapter 11: The Triumphs and Travails of the Jeffersonian Republic,1800-1812
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Q1) patronage
Q2) Battle of Tippecanoe
Q3) With Thomas Jefferson's election as president,the Federalist Party
A) grew stronger and more unified.
B) revised its ideology to gain more supporters.
C) warned of the dangers of Jefferson´s decadent life-style.
D) began its slow decline.
E) extended the Alien and Sedition Acts indefinitely before turning over the reins of power.
Q4) impressment
Q5) During the War of 1812,the New England states verged on treason by
A) refusing to follow federal laws that demanded neutrality.
B) providing supplies and financial aid to the British cause.
C) sending their militias to fight with the Canadians.
D) refusing to prosecute antiwar Federalists for violent attacks on pro-war Republicans.
E) threatening to secede from the United States.
Q6) "peaceful coercion"
Q7) Battle of the Thames
Q8) Barbary States
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Chapter 12: The Second War for Independence and the Upsurge
of Nationalism,1812-1824
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Q1) The Battle of New Orleans
A) was won by Andrew Jackson and a rag-tag force of soldiers, sailors, pirates, and Frenchmen.
B) was fought by ill-trained British soldiers and Indian allies against an organized, disciplined American force.
C) enabled Americans to gain huge concessions from the British in the subsequent peace treaty.
D) led the defeated Spanish to hand over Florida to the United States.
E) resulted in Louisiana becoming part of the United States.
Q2) Battle of Horseshoe Bend
Q3) Oregon country
Q4) Washington Irving
Q5) Francis Scott Key
Q6) What is true about the outcome of the Battle of New Orleans?
A) It provided American diplomats with a large bargaining chip at Ghent.
B) It guaranteed American control of the Louisiana Purchase territory.
C) It led Americans to accept the war as a complete stalemate.
D) It forced the British to seek a peace settlement.
E) It was won after the peace treaty was signed.
Q7) John Quincy Adams Page 16
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Chapter 13: The Rise of a Mass Democracy 1824-1840
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Q1) Which leader proved incapable of developing public support for his policies?
A) William Henry Harrison
B) John C. Calhoun
C) John Quincy Adams
D) Andrew Jackson
E) Henry Clay
Q2) The essential policy of the Jackson administration toward the eastern Indian tribes was
A) a war of genocide.
B) gradual assimilation.
C) forced removal to the West.
D) the establishment of a reservation system.
E) to let the churches manage Indian relations.
Q3) As he toured America,Frenchman Alexis de Tocqueville was impressed with American democracy and its potential for equality.Consider this against the backdrop of Jacksonian America.Do you share de Tocqueville's impression? Or do you disagree? Cite examples.
Q4) Why was the election of 1824 so ridden with conflict and confusion? What was at stake between the competing candidates,especially Adams and Jackson?
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Chapter 14: Forging the National Economy,1790-1860
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Q1) George Catlin
Q2) Along with the transportation revolution,the invention of the ____ in ____ enabled the consolidation of a continental economy and linked America more closely to the rest of the world.
A) telephone; 1852
B) clipper ship; 1841
C) telegraph; 1844
D) Pony Express; 1860
E) U.S. Mail; 1833
Q3) Eli Whitney
Q4) Assess the validity of the following statement: "The Erie Canal was the single most important accomplishment contributing to economic expansion prior to the coming of the railroad."
Q5) In what sense might Eli Whitney have been of more significance to the course of early-nineteenth-century American history than most political leaders?
Q6) Cyrus Field
Q7) turnpike
Q8) Molly Maguires
Q9) Clermont
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Chapter 15: The Ferment of Reform and Culture,1790-1860
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Q1) The Second Great Awakening
A) resulted in very few conversions.
B) encouraged the religious to ignore society´s ills.
C) strengthened democratic denominations like the Baptists and Methodists.
D) was a celebration of the growing liberalism in religion.
E) was not as large as the First Great Awakening.
Q2) The Second Great Awakening partly reshaped American religion by making it
A) more dependent on a college-educated clergy.
B) more reliant on women as members and social reformers.
C) less socially and theologically diverse.
D) more sympathetic to hierarchical churches like Catholicism.
E) more centered on the life of the local parish.
Q3) Susan B.Anthony
Q4) Washington Irving
Q5) Dorothea Dix
Q6) American Temperance Society
Q7) John Humphrey Noyes
Q8) "cult of domesticity"
Q9) McGuffey's Readers
Q10) temperance Page 20
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Chapter 16: The South and the Slavery
Controversy,1793-1860
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Q1) Former slave and abolitionist ____ became particularly famous for his eloquence as a speaker and for his remarkable autobiography.
A) Frederick Douglass
B) Martin Delany
C) David Walker
D) Denmark Vesey
E) Wendell Phillips
Q2) Nat Turner
Q3) Common forms of slave resistance included
A) refusing to attend to white children before slave children.
B) organizing successful slave rebellions.
C) sabotaging expensive equipment.
D) stealing expensive items from the "big house" for sale on the slave-run black market.
E) refusing to work under black "drivers."
Q4) Why was the colonization movement of the early to mid-nineteenth century,which proposed sending African Americans back to Africa,attractive to many whites,yet never very popular with free blacks themselves?
Q5) American Anti-Slavery Society
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Chapter 17: Manifest Destiny and Its Legacy,1841-1848
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Q1) The Mexican War resulted in
A) a tripling of the territorial size of the United States.
B) combat experience for those who would lead the armies in the Civil War.
C) an embarrassing show of America´s poor naval capabilities.
D) friendlier relations between the United States and Latin American nations.
E) a temporary lull in sectional tensions over slavery.
Q2) slavocracy
Q3) John C.Frémont
Q4) The Wilmot Proviso,introduced into Congress during the Mexican War,declared that
A) no further Mexican territory could be annexed to the United States.
B) slavery would be banned from all territories that Mexico ceded to the United States.
C) the Mexican Cession should be carved into an equal number of slave and free states.
D) English should be the official language in the territory acquired from Mexico.
E) slavery in the territories would be determined by democratic vote.
Q5) How much was the expansionist sentiment of the 1840s a continuation of earlier patterns in American history of land hunger and westward movement? What was distinct about the expansionism of the 1840s?
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Chapter 18: Renewing the Sectional Struggle,1848-1854
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Q1) President Zachary Taylor unknowingly helped the cause of compromise in 1850 when he
A) led an invasion of Texas to halt its attempts to take part of New Mexico.
B) supported fellow southerner John C. Calhoun's plan for union.
C) died suddenly and Millard Fillmore became president.
D) ushered in a second Era of Good Feelings.
E) decided not to run for re-election.
Q2) Assess the validity of the following statement: "The Compromise of 1850 contributed to the Union victory in the Civil War."
Q3) William Seward
Q4) Kansas-Nebraska Act
Q5) Utah territory
Q6) The Pierce administration's secret scheme to gain control of Cuba was stopped when
A) Spain threatened a pre-emptive war against the United States.
B) it was leaked to the public and northerners cried foul.
C) U.S. leaders signed the Clayton-Bulwer Treaty.
D) Spain declared that it would abolish slavery in Cuba.
E) U.S. adventurers bungled their invasion.
Q7) William Lloyd Garrison
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Chapter 19: Drifting Toward Disunion,1854-1861
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Q1) Uncle Tom's Cabin
Q2) Charles Sumner
Q3) John C.Frémont
Q4) In his raid on Harpers Ferry,John Brown intended to
A) call upon the slaves to rebel and establish a kind of black free state.
B) arouse the South to secede from the Union.
C) stir West Virginia to break away from Virginia as a free state.
D) demonstrate that blacks could fight for their freedom.
E) seize weapons to start a guerilla war against the federal government.
Q5) In ruling on the Dred Scott case,the United States Supreme Court
A) freed Dred Scott but upheld the Missouri Compromise.
B) denied Scott's appeal but held that slaves could not be taken into free territories.
C) essentially upheld the doctrine of popular sovereignty.
D) tried to settle the immediate issue on technical legal grounds.
E) argued that Congress could not prohibit slavery in the federal territories.
Q6) Compare the historical significance of Harriet Beecher Stowe´s writing and John Brown´s violent efforts to end slavery.Who made the greater contribution to the abolitionist cause? Who played a greater role in provoking the Civil War?
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Chapter 20: Girding for War: The North and the
South,1861-1865
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Q1) Compare and contrast the characteristics that "Billy Yank" and "Johnny Reb" brought to the battlefield and their wartime experiences.
Q2) As president of the Confederacy,Jefferson Davis was unable to mobilize the strong power wielded by Abraham Lincoln because
A) of the Confederacy's constitutional emphasis on states' rights.
B) he lacked an effective army and military leadership.
C) he was constantly threatened with impeachment by the Confederate Congress.
D) Davis had a humorous and easy-going personality.
E) of the constant bickering within his cabinet.
Q3) As a result of the Civil War,the Northern economy
A) became more dependent on international trade.
B) saw industrial profits improve but agricultural profits fall.
C) was notable for its honest and fair business practices.
D) experienced considerable unemployment despite military manpower demands.
E) greatly expanded its industrial and technological productivity.
Q4) New York draft riots
Q5) Sally Tompkins
Q6) Homestead Act
Q7) martial law
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Chapter 21: The Furnace of Civil War,1861-1865
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Q1) The Union's defeat in battle at Bull Run in 1861 was actually better than a victory because
A) Lincoln immediately brought Ulysses S. Grant in to command the Army of the Potomac.
B) the defeat caused Northerners to face up to the reality of a long, difficult war.
C) "Stonewall" Jackson was killed.
D) it caused Lincoln to declare a war against slavery.
E) it forced the Union to develop a strategic battle plan.
Q2) All slavery was legally abolished in the United States by the A) "Confiscation Acts."
B) surrender terms of Robert E. Lee to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox.
C) Emancipation Proclamation.
D) statutes of the individual states.
E) Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution.
Q3) Congressional Committee on the Conduct of the War
Q4) Robert E.Lee
Q5) Thomas J.("Stonewall")Jackson
Q6) Appomattox Courthouse
Q7) George B.McClellan
Page 27
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Chapter 22: The Ordeal of Reconstruction,1865-1877
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Q1) Was the northern effort to aid recently freed African Americans ever adequate,or was it too weak and half-hearted from the beginning? Could a more radical policy like that of Thaddeus Stevens have succeeded,or would it have sparked even more violent resistance?
Q2) General Oliver O.Howard
Q3) The legacies of Reconstruction included
A) a national commitment to civil rights for all races in America.
B) the establishment of economic and political guarantees for Southern blacks.
C) a long-term eclipse of Republican party strength in Southern states.
D) long-term damage to the ideas of states' rights and local self-government.
E) suppression of the South's white supremacist heritage.
Q4) President Johnson's plan for Reconstruction
A) was considerably harsher than Lincoln's.
B) guaranteed former slaves the right to vote.
C) required that all former Confederate states ratify the Fourteenth Amendment.
D) offered a large role to poor and working-class whites.
E) encouraged new Southern regimes that were dominated by the old planter elite.
Q5) Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Q6) "solid" Democratic South
Q7) Pacific Railroad Act
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