American Criminal Justice System
Test Bank
Course Introduction
The American Criminal Justice System course provides an in-depth examination of the structures, processes, and key components of criminal justice in the United States. Students will explore the foundational principles and functions of law enforcement, the courts, and corrections, as well as the roles of various actors within the system. Topics include constitutional rights, due process, policing practices, judicial procedures, sentencing, corrections policies, and contemporary challenges such as mass incarceration and systemic inequality. Through case studies and analysis of current issues, the course encourages critical thinking about justice, fairness, and reform efforts within the American criminal justice landscape.
Recommended Textbook Essentials of Criminal Justice 7th Edition by Larry J. Siegel
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14 Chapters
840 Verified Questions
840 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Crime and Criminal Justice
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Sample Questions
Q1) Adherents of this justice perspective believe that the greatest concern of the justice system should be providing fair and equitable treatment to those accused of committing a crime.
A)Crime control
B)Rehabilitation
C)Due process
D)Equal justice
Answer: C
Q2) If the prosecution can present sufficient evidence, the grand jury will issue a(n) ____, which specifies the exact charges on which the accused must stand trial.
A)true bill of indictment
B)information
C)charging bill
D)nolle prosequi
Answer: A
Q3) The ____________________ perspective has influenced the development of sentencing policies that emphasize mandatory punishments.
Answer: equal justice
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Chapter 2: The Nature of Crime and Victimization
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60 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) ____ theory recognizes that as people mature, the factors that influence their behavior change.
A)Social structure
B)Psychological
C)Developmental
D)Social process
Answer: C
Q2) Summarize what self-report trends reveal about crime.
Answer: Self-report trends reveal that crime is often underreported, especially for certain types of crimes such as drug offenses and domestic violence. Additionally, self-report data shows that individuals from lower socioeconomic backgrounds are more likely to engage in criminal behavior. It also indicates that there is a correlation between substance abuse and criminal activity. Overall, self-report trends provide valuable insights into the prevalence and nature of crime in society.
Q3) Describe the social, economic, personal, and demographic factors suggested by experts to account for the recent crime drop in the United States.
Answer: Answer not provided.
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Chapter 3: Criminal Law: Substance and Procedure
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60 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) American civil law is primarily concerned with:
A)compensating the injured party for harm.
B)protecting the public against harm.
C)controlling social values and mores.
D)contracting legal obligations between aggrieved individuals.
Answer: A
Q2) Which of the following is not a source of criminal law?
A)Common law
B)Biblical decree
C)Statutes
D)Case decisions
Answer: B
Q3) Narcotics control laws, health and safety regulations, and sanitation laws are examples of what legal principle?
A)Recklessness
B)Criminal negligence
C)Malice
D)Strict liability
Answer: D
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Police in Society: History and Organization
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Sample Questions
Q1) Elaborate on the problems confronting today's police departments. How do these compare to the challenges faced during early days of policing?
Q2) Private police outnumber public police.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The origin of U.S. police agencies can be traced to early ____________________ society.
Q4) County law enforcement officers are never involved in homeland security activities.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Discuss, using specific examples, ways in which technology has changed law enforcement.
Q6) Police sketch artists and mugbooks are being replaced with what type of modern technology?
A)DNA profiling
B)The AFIS system
C)Computerized imaging
D)Head-up display units
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Chapter 5: The Police: Role and Function
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Sample Questions
Q1) ____________________ is another term for the order maintenance function of police.
Q2) The trend of changing the police role to problem solver is referred to as ____________________ policing.
Q3) What is the name of the police support unit that is responsible for investigating allegations of police misconduct?
A)Internal Affairs
B)Personnel Services
C)Civilian Review Boards
D)Field-training Offices
Q4) Evaluations of foot patrol indicate that it lowers crime rates.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The detective bureau is considered the backbone of policing.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Explain the major purposes of patrol and how patrols can be improved.
Q7) ____________________ is an aggressive law enforcement style that emphasizes attacking crimes head-on in advance rather than waiting for calls for service.
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Chapter 6: Issues in Policing: Professional, Social, and Legal
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Sample Questions
Q1) In 1914, in Weeks v. United States, the Court established the exclusionary rule.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In the case of ____________________, the Supreme Court created objective standards for questioning by police after a defendant has been taken into custody.
Q3) The ____________________ style of policing thinks of officers as troubleshooters who repair the social fabric of society.
Q4) Factors such as the living and working environment of the officer often affect their discretion.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Which of the following factors bests fits under the heading of extralegal discretionary factors?
A)Peer pressure in policing
B)Racial profiling
C)Offender demeanor
D)The working and living environment
Q6) Explain the different factors that commonly influence an officer's use of discretion.
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Chapter 7: Courts, Prosecution, and the Defense
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Sample Questions
Q1) In what 1963 landmark case did the U.S. Supreme Court rule that state courts must provide counsel to indigent defendants in felony prosecutions?
A)Gideon v. Wainwright
B)Strickland v. Washington
C)Burger v. Kemp
D)Argersinger v. Hamlin
Q2) The concept of attorney competence was defined by the U.S. Supreme Court in the case of Strickland v. Washington.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Many states have adopted some form of what is known as the ____ Plan to select judges.
A)Illinois
B)Missouri
C)New York
D)Ohio
Q4) State ____________________ process about 20 million cases of criminal conduct each year.
Q5) Discuss, using examples, the major prosecutorial tasks of a prosecutor.
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Chapter 8: Pretrial and Trial Procedures
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Sample Questions
Q1) A __________ is the dismissal of a prospective juror for unexplained, discretionary reasons.
Q2) The process of determining the appropriateness of jurors to sit on the jury is known as:
A)voir dire
B)venire
C)the jury array
D)the process of surrebuttal
Q3) What are the roles of the prosecution, defense attorney, judge, and victim in the plea bargaining process?
Q4) The _________ Amendment to the Constitution guarantees the right to a trial by jury.
Q5) The Eighth Amendment prohibits ____________________.
Q6) The ____ is the report of a grand jury investigation which usually includes recommendation of indictment.
A)presentment
B)complaint
C)true bill
D)warrant
Q7) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of jury nullification.
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Chapter 9: Punishment and Sentencing
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Sample Questions
Q1) Poor laws were developed in England at the end of the ____ century.
A)9th
B)11th
C)14th
D)16th
Q2) Using mandatory life sentences so criminals cannot hurt other citizens is the core goal of what?
A)Restitution
B)Incapacitation
C)Retribution
D)General deterrence
Q3) A fixed term of incarceration is called what?
A)An indeterminate sentence
B)A determinate sentence
C)A mandatory minimum
D)A fixed term
Q4) Sentencing ____________________ are used to control and structure the sentencing process and reduce bias.
Q5) The ____________________ goal of punishment means that an offender must pay back the victim for their loss.
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Chapter 10: Community Sentences: Probation, Intermediate
Sanctions, and Restorative Justice
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Q1) Outline the main premises of restorative justice. Discuss the challenges of this model and how these challenges may be overcome.
Q2) Community service is an example of what?
A)Forfeiture
B)Shock incarceration
C)Restitution
D)Intensive probation supervision
Q3) What entity initially sets down the conditions or rules of behavior that must be followed by the probationer?
A)The court
B)The correctional authority
C)The victim's assistance office
D)A private, third party contractor
Q4) The most common practice is to do what with the prison sentence when awarding probation?
A)Defer it until possible revocation proceedings
B)To set no prison sentence
C)To hold it in abeyance
D)To formulate it and then suspend
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Chapter 11: Corrections: History, Institutions, and Populations
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Sample Questions
Q1) Approximately ____ percent of the male African American population will be admitted to prison during their lifetime.
A)8
B)18
C)28
D)38
Q2) When did the concept of incarcerating convicted offenders as a form of punishment become the norm for corrections?
A)During biblical times
B)14th century
C)17th century
D)19th century
Q3) Males comprise ____ percent of the jail population.
A)60
B)70
C)80
D)90
Q4) List the five primary purposes of the nation's jails. Who are the typical jail inmates?
Q5) Discuss the role of technology in improving prison security.
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Chapter 12: Prison Life: Living in and Leaving Prison
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Q1) ____________________ was the court case that upheld Alabama's refusal to hire female correctional officers in male prisons.
Q2) The fact that prisons have inmates locked within their walls, are under constant scrutiny, and are forced to obey rules refers to the concept of:
A)a total institution.
B)the local jail.
C)a complete secure policy.
D)the penitentiary.
Q3) Which of the following factors has been linked to recidivism?
A)A history of physical and sexual abuse
B)Maintenance of criminal peer association
C)Harboring of aggressive feelings
D)All of the above have been linked to recidivism.
Q4) The "hands-off doctrine" refers to:
A)the inmate code for handling prison snitches.
B)the passive Federal court approach to inmate complaints prior to the 1960s.
C)a correctional policy of segregating HIV-infected inmates from the mainstream population.
D)the Court ruling which forbid the use of corporal punishment in prison.
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Chapter 13: The Juvenile Justice System
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Sample Questions
Q1) About how many juvenile cases are processed and treated each year?
A)1 million
B)2 million
C)3 million
D)4 million
Q2) Most juvenile aftercare involves:
A)Parole
B)Probation
C)Community service
D)Counseling
Q3) What impact did the Supreme Court have on the juvenile justice system in the 1960s and 1970s?
A)It adopted a hands-off approach on most legal issues.
B)It adopted a conservative ideology that stressed victims' rights and punishment.
C)It adopted a liberal ideology that stressed a need for growth in program scope.
D)It radically altered the juvenile justice system through ruling that established due process rights for juveniles that rivaled those in the adult court system.
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Chapter 14: Criminal Justice in the New Millennium:
Terrorism, Homeland Security, and Cyber Crime
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Sample Questions
Q1) A(n) ____ is the term for an irregular military band located in rural areas that attack military, police, and government targets.
A)terrorist
B)guerilla
C)insurgent
D)revolutionary
Q2) Cyber crime is challenging because:
A)it is difficult to detect through traditional law enforcement channels.
B)it is rapidly evolving.
C)its control demands that agents of the justice system develop technical skills.
D)All of these
Q3) About ____ percent of cargo containers entering the United States every day get screened.
A)5
B)15
C)30
D)45
Q4) Select and discuss three types of computer crimes.
Page 16
Q5) Elaborate three types of contemporary terrorism.
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