American Civilization Exam Review
Course Introduction
American Civilization explores the historical, cultural, social, and political development of the United States from its pre-colonial beginnings to the present day. This course examines significant events, movements, and ideas that have shaped American identity, including colonization, independence, the Civil War, industrialization, reform movements, immigration, and the ongoing struggle for civil rights. Through analysis of primary and secondary sources, students gain a deeper understanding of how diverse peoples and perspectives have contributed to the evolution of American society, as well as the global impact of American culture and institutions.
Recommended Textbook
America The Essential Learning Edition 1st Edition by
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Page 2
David E. Shi
Chapter 1: The Collision of Cultures in the 16th Century
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62 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following forces was the least important in driving European exploration of the Western Hemisphere in the 15th century?
A)More accurate navigation techniques
B)The rise of modern nation-states
C)The decline of feudalism in Europe
D)Chinese conquerors threatening Europe from China
E)The development of more powerful weapons
Answer: D
Q2) The biological exchange caused
A)Europeans to become more accepting of native religions.
B)Europeans to adopt native medicine.
C)the Spanish to leave the Americas.
D)so many native deaths the Spanish switched to African slaves.
E)all of these.
Answer: D
Q3) The Dutch became Spain's greatest allies in their fight against the Protestant English. A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter
2: England and Its American Colonies, 1607-1732
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following experienced better lives in their nation's colonies as opposed to their mother land?
A)The French
B)The Dutch
C)The Spanish
D)The English
E)The Mexicans
Answer: D
Q2) By the early 18th century the _______ were the dominant force in North America.
A)French
B)Spanish
C)Dutch
D)English
E)Mexican
Answer: D
Q3) Englishmen had a very well-developed sense of liberty as a result of the Magna Carta and the establishment of Parliament.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 3: Colonial Ways of Life, 1607-1750
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Sample Questions
Q1) The African slaves brought to the Americas
A)were very diverse,and their experiences differed widely.
B)all shared the same language.
C)all practiced the same polytheistic religion.
D)tended to be older than thirty years of age when they arrived.
E)were captured exclusively by whites in Africa.
Answer: A
Q2) Eliza Lucas Pinckney
A)Gave the sermon "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God"
B)Was an Irish-born Presbyterian revivalist
C)Developed the theory of gravitation
D)Moved to Philadelphia and became a printer
E)Was a newspaper editor tried for libel
F)Developed indigo as exotic staple
G)Thought the "natural rights" of all should be respected
H)Confessed to witchcraft in Salem
Answer: F
Q3) Which had the most far-reaching consequences on American culture: the Enlightenment or the Great Awakening? Why?
Answer: Answer will vary.
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Chapter 4: From Colonies to States, 1607-1776
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Q1) Although the Seven Years' War has often been called a world war,there was very little international conflict.
A)True
B)False
Q2) After the Boston Tea Party,King George III decided
A)to allow self-rule in the colonies.
B)to make Massachusetts an example to those who thwarted his rule.
C)to allow the Dutch East India Company a monopoly on the importation of tea.
D)to renounce the throne and live in exile.
E)to grant the colonies their independence.
Q3) The American Revolution erupted when General Gage and his men marched on A)Lexington.
B)Bunker Hill.
C)Valley Forge.
D)Camden.
E)Saratoga.
Q4) Why and how did the British and the French come into conflict with one another? What were the results of that conflict?
Q5) Write an essay exploring the various ways the colonists protested British policy.
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Chapter 5: The American Revolution, 1776-1783
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Q1) Patriot leader and future president John Adams believed that giving more rights to women
A)would increase liberty within the American republic.
B)would lead to blacks and Native Americans also demanding rights.
C)would protect America's future.
D)was only logical.
E)was necessary.
Q2) According to your textbook,the Battle of King's Mountain was significant because
A)it was the first time family fought family in the conflict.
B)it showed that the British could be defeated.
C)the war became much more brutal after this battle.
D)the battle raged for months and exhausted both sides.
E)after this battle,the British found recruiting southern Loyalists almost impossible.
Q3) Thomas Jefferson was the most notable Virginian to free his slaves during the Revolution.
A)True
B)False
Q4) How revolutionary was the American Revolution? Discuss the political,social,and religious changes that resulted.
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Chapter
6: Creating a More Perfect Union, 1783-1800
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Q1) At the beginning of the French Revolution,________ supported it and ________ thought it was a hideous event.
A)Jefferson,Hamilton
B)Genet,Washington
C)Bonaparte,Adams
D)Knox,Randolph
E)Pinckney,Jay
Q2) Delegates to the Constitutional Convention sharply debated whether to establish a monarchy or a republic.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In the new Constitution,women
A)were given the right to own slaves.
B)were given the right to vote.
C)were not included at all.
D)were given the same rights as men.
E)were well represented in the delegates of the Constitutional Convention.
Q4) Thomas Jefferson was elected the third president of the United States.
A)True
B)False
Page 8
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Chapter 7: The Early Republic, 1800-1815
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Q1) During Jefferson's administration the percentage of eligible white male voters
A)decreased somewhat.
B)decreased markedly.
C)increased somewhat.
D)increased markedly.
E)stayed the same.
Q2) During Thomas Jefferson's presidency,the national debt grew much larger.
A)True
B)False
Q3) During the early 1800s,the British were more likely than the French to respect American shipping rights.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Who was Tecumseh? What was his vision,and why was his dream such a threat to the new nation?
Q5) How did the war in Europe (1803-1815)impact the United States?
Q6) Thomas Jefferson signed an act outlawing the foreign slave trade as of 1808.
A)True
B)False
Q7) How did foreign events affect U.S.domestic affairs and politics?
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Chapter 8: The Emergence of a Market Economy, 1815-1850
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Sample Questions
Q1) How were women and minorities impacted by the market revolution? Was that impact more positive or more negative?
Q2) What was the political problem in the early 19th century about spending government funds on infrastructure?
A)Where should the new roads be built?
B)Should roads,or railways be built?
C)Was it constitutional?
D)How should it be funded?
E)Should the South receive more since they paid the majority of taxes?
Q3) The Know-Nothings' primary goal was to
A)send immigrants back to Europe.
B)force immigrants to work for less than minimum wage.
C)force immigrants to wait longer to become a citizen.
D)abolish slavery.
E)reform the civil service program.
Q4) What factors account for the tremendous growth in cotton cultivation from 1790 to 1860?
Q5) Describe the general immigration trends of the period.What forms did the nativist response to this immigration take?
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Chapter 9: Nationalism and Sectionalism, 1815-1828
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements most accurately describes James Madison's second term as president?
A)Madison remained an enemy of a national bank but saw the wisdom of a larger military.
B)Madison embraced tariffs but feared economic nationalism in general.
C)After the War of 1812,Madison drastically cut America's army and navy.
D)Madison's political views remained unchanged during his years in office.
E)Madison drifted away from Jefferson's ideas and adopted some principles of the Federalists.
Q2) As chief executive,John Quincy Adams planned to
A)decrease the authority of the federal government.
B)make states pay for internal improvements.
C)fund a university in his own name.
D)support scientific explorations.
E)outlaw slavery.
Q3) The Second Bank of the United States was chartered in 1826.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Discuss the causes and results of the Panic of 1819.
Q5) How did Andrew Jackson impact national politics even before becoming president?
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Chapter 10: The Jacksonian Era, 1828-1840
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the 1830s,this state was the only one in which the majority in the population were those in slavery.
A)Texas
B)Tennessee
C)Virginia
D)South Carolina
E)Missouri
Q2) In the late 1830s,if someone supported the existence of the Bank of the United States,they would most likely be a member of the
A)Federalist party.
B)National Republican party.
C)Democrat party.
D)Anti-Masonic party.
E)American party.
Q3) What was Jackson's most important accomplishment as president? What was his greatest failure?
Q4) Trace the rift between Andrew Jackson and John C.Calhoun.Be sure to include both policy and personal differences that strained their relationship.
Q5) Describe the new party system that emerged in the 1830s.
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Chapter 11: The South and Slavery, 1800-1860
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Q1) Which of the following statements regarding slave families is not accurate?
A)Slaves formed families.
B)Slaves,like free whites,formed nuclear families.
C)Males headed slave nuclear families.
D)Women headed slave families.
E)Childhood was short for slaves.
Q2) The slave population in the South showed no significant growth between 1790 and 1830.
A)True
B)False
Q3) How was the South distinct from the rest of the United States in the early 19th century?
Q4) In the years from 1830 to 1860,the number of slaves in the United States
A)grew 50 percent.
B)grew 70 percent.
C)nearly doubled.
D)nearly tripled.
E)quadrupled.
Q5) What was life like for a slave? Discuss the various factors that influenced conditions.
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Chapter
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Sample Questions
Q1) The women's rights movement secured the vote for women in several states before 1860.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The goal of the American Colonization Society was
A)to free the slaves.
B)to send slaves out west.
C)to send slaves back to Africa.
D)to educate slaves.
E)to encourage slaves to rebel against their masters.
Q3) According to your textbook,Jefferson's Declaration of Independence influenced all of the following except A)literature.
B)arts.
C)religion.
D)social reform movements.
E)thoughts on the morality of inequality.
Q4) Trace the reforms in prisons and asylums in America.Include the major changes in the treatment of prisoners and the mentally ill in antebellum America.
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Chapter 13: Western Expansion and Southern Secession, 1830-1861
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Q1) Congress never passed the Wilmot Proviso.
A)True
B)False
Q2) All of the following were fronts during the Mexican-American War except A)California.
B)Oregon.
C)Central Mexico.
D)New Mexico.
E)Southern Texas.
Q3) During his senatorial run against Douglas,Lincoln stated his belief in racial equality. A)True
B)False
Q4) Henry Clay was the Democratic presidential candidate in 1844. A)True
B)False
Q5) Explain the phrase manifest destiny.What factors were most important in drawing Americans to the West,both mentally and physically?
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Q6) Discuss the Dred Scott case and how effective it was in settling the conflict over slavery.
Chapter 14: The War of the Union, 1861-1865
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Q1) What was Grant's goal in capturing Petersburg?
A)To capture the Confederate capitol
B)To destroy the munitions plant there
C)To capture the railroad hub located there
D)To free the prisoners of war held there
E)To draw Lee away from Sherman's march to the sea
Q2) Andrew Johnson
A)Was Lincoln's second vice president
B)Was killed at Chancellorsville by his own men
C)Was one of the leaders of the Radical Republicans
D)Was determined to "make Georgia howl" in 1864-1865
E)Devised the Union's "anaconda strategy"
F)Was the 1864 Democratic presidential candidate
G)Was the vice president of the Confederacy
H)Was the Union admiral who captured Mobile,Alabama
I)Was the president of the Confederacy
Q3) Describe the Battle of Bull Run.Why was there a sense of naïve optimism,and what impact did the outcome have on both sides?
Q4) Describe the impact of the Civil War on women and African Americans.
Q5) Why did the South lose the war? What were its weaknesses and disadvantages?
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Reconstruction, 1865-1877
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Sample Questions
Q1) Congressional Reconstruction
A)achieved all of its intended goals.
B)was neither truly radical nor truly reconstruction.
C)created true racial equality.
D)was put forward by the Democratic Party.
E)dramatically transformed the South.
Q2) Charles Sumner
A)Was elected lieutenant governor of Louisiana
B)Was a senator from Massachusetts,a leading Radical Republican
C)Was secretary of war under Johnson until 1867
D)Was a black Mississippi native elected to the Senate
E)Was a prominent northern minister who preached sectional reconciliation
F)Was the Democratic presidential candidate in 1876
G)Opposed Grant in 1872 presidential election
H)Was the former vice president of the Confederacy elected to the U.S.Senate representing Georgia in 1865
I)Said treason "must be made infamous and traitors must be impoverished"
Q3) President Johnson's plan to restore the Union closely resembled Lincoln's.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 16: Big Business and Organized Labor, 1860-1900
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Q1) The Sandlot Incident in San Francisco in 1877 led to attacks against Chinese immigrants.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Samuel Gompers
A)Founded Standard Oil
B)Was president of the Homestead Steel Works
C)Led the Knights of Labor
D)Wrote "The Gospel of Wealth"
E)Was a presidential candidate of the Socialist Party of America
F)Led the American Federation of Labor
G)Invented the phonograph
H)Organized Workingmen's Party of California
I)Consolidated the steel industry into the United States Steel Corporation
Q3) The first transcontinental railroad was completed at Promontory,Utah.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Write an essay exploring the opportunities and difficulties faced by immigrants coming to the United States in the late 19th century.How were immigrants involved in and affected by the changes taking place in the era?
Page 18
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1865-1900
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Q1) Write an essay exploring the status of African Americans in the South in the late 19th century.In what ways did white southerners take away the rights of African Americans? What motivated those actions? How did African Americans respond to such actions?
Q2) The Dawes Severalty Act of 1887
A)moved all Native Americans to Canada.
B)moved all Native Americans to Mexico.
C)attempted to "Americanize" Native Americans.
D)gave Native Americans the right to vote.
E)gave Native Americans representatives in Congress.
Q3) As many as __________________ of the cowboys who participated in the Texas cattle drives were African Americans.
A)80 percent
B)70 percent
C)50 percent
D)30 percent
E)25 percent
Q4) Describe the special problems that settlers on the frontier faced,focusing on the conditions that women faced as they settled west.
Page 19
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Chapter 18: Society and Politics in the Gilded Age, 1865-1900
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Q1) Unlike the Grange,the ____________ promoted political involvement among its members to enact change for their members.
A)Farmers' Alliances
B)Knights of Labor
C)Working Man's party
D)American Federation of Labor
E)Congress of International Workers
Q2) Which of the following was not a reason to move to the cities during the Gilded Age?
A)The introduction of agricultural machinery made it possible for one farmer to do more.
B)The demand for jobs occurred in urban areas,thus causing people to move there.
C)Tenant farming removed prime land from the agricultural economy,thus causing the loss of jobs.
D)Life was more exciting in cities.
E)Cities sprung up around major landmarks,like mines and rail yards.
Q3) How did immigration to America change in the latter half of the 19th century,and what was the response to that change?
Q4) Describe how living in an urban environment affected women's lives.
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Chapter
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Sample Questions
Q1) Josiah Strong
A)Was secretary of state;called the Spanish-American War "a splendid little war"
B)Was the Democratic presidential candidate in 1900
C)Wrote Our Country: Its Possible Future and Its Present Crisis
D)Was a Panamanian ambassador to the United States
E)Was elected vice president in 1900
F)Owned the New York Journal
G)Proposed to return Queen Liliuokalani to Hawaiian throne
H)Wrote The Influence of Sea Power upon History
I)Acquired Alaska for the United States
J)Captured Manila Bay
Q2) How did Hawaii become part of the United States?
Q3) The United States and the Philippines were at war with each other for how many years at the turn of the 19th century?
A)Two years
B)Three years
C)Four years
D)Five years
E)Zero years
Q4) What was the Open Door policy,and how did it come about?
Page 21
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Chapter 20: The Progressive Era, 1890-1920
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Sample Questions
Q1) This lowered tariff rates for the first time since the Civil War.
A)Hart-Smoot Act
B)Dingley Tariff
C)Underwood-Simmons Tariff
D)Mongrel Tariff
E)Federal Reserve Act
Q2) The first "progressive" president was
A)William McKinley.
B)Theodore Roosevelt.
C)William Howard Taft.
D)Woodrow Wilson.
E)Warren G.Harding.
Q3) The reason that Woodrow Wilson won the presidency in 1912 was
A)that God ordained it.
B)because Taft and Roosevelt split the Republican vote.
C)because the voters knew Wilson would not take them to war in Europe.
D)because the people were tired of Republican presidents.
E)that he ran a better campaign than his opponents.
Q4) How did the progressives accomplish their goals? In your discussion,include specific reformers and their strategies.
Page 22
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Chapter 21: America and the Great War, 1914-1920
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Q1) Who was the last tsar to rule in Russia before the Bolshevik Revolution?
A)Peter I
B)Nicholas I
C)Peter II
D)Nicholas II
E)Alexander II
Q2) The peace negotiations to end the Great War were held in ______________ in ________________.
A)Paris,1918
B)Paris,1919
C)Moscow,1919
D)Berlin,1918
E)London,1919
Q3) In the Zimmerman telegram __________________ urged ____________ to invade the United States.
A)Germany,Mexico
B)Great Britain,France
C)Germany,Russia
D)Germany,Canada
E)Canada,Mexico
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Chapter 22: A Clash of Cultures, 1920-1929
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Q1) The biggest scandal of the Harding administration involved the A)Whiskey Ring.
B)Whiskey Rebellion.
C)Teapot Dome.
D)Watergate.
E)Travelgate.
Q2) According to your textbook,the most scandalous event in the history of American art occurred at
A)the Armory Show in 1913.
B)the Tea Pot Dome in 1920.
C)the Louvre in 1916.
D)the Metropolitan Museum of Art in 1912.
E)the Smithsonian in 1915.
Q3) Perhaps the most profound discovery of the Modernist Era is ____________'s theory of relativity.
A)Albert Einstein
B)Sigmund Freud
C)Helmut Mudd
D)William Yarborough
E)David Tindall
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Chapter 23: New Deal America, 1929-1939
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Q1) Your textbook asserts that all of the following were indicators of the weakening American economy at the end of the 1920s except
A)slowing steel production.
B)decreasing residential construction.
C)rising automobile sales.
D)declining consumer spending.
E)declining employment.
Q2) Who did the Great Depression affect?
A)Life got better for all the poor.
B)Life got worse for only the rich.
C)The middle class was untouched by the Great Depression.
D)Business owners were the only ones affected.
E)The Great Depression affected all classes and colors.
Q3) Which of the following groups had the highest rate of joblessness in the early years of the Great Depression?
A)African Americans
B)Mexicans
C)Asians
D)Whites
E)Married women
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Chapter
24: The Second World War, 1933-1945
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Q1) As Chancellor,Hitler created a secret police force known as A)Fuhrer.
B)Lebensraum.
C)Gestapo.
D)Mafiaso.
E)Schnell.
Q2) By the end of 1942,U.S.war production exceeded the combined output of what three nations?
A)Russia,England,France
B)Germany,Italy,Japan
C)Germany,Spain,Ireland
D)Russia,Germany,Brazil
E)China,Japan,Korea
Q3) The Battle of the Leyte Gulf underscored Japan's ability to continue its defense of the Philippines.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Describe America's early battlefield experiences during World War II.How did America fare in these initial battles?
Q5) Discuss the factors that led to the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor.
Page 26
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Chapter 25: The Cold War and the Fair Deal, 1945-1952
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Q1) When President Truman desegregated the military,which branch was the last to comply?
A)Navy
B)Air Force
C)Army
D)Marines
E)Coast Guard
Q2) Who is best associated with the Second Red Scare's hunt for communists?
A)Harry Truman
B)Richard Nixon
C)John Kennedy
D)Joseph McCarthy
E)William Jennings
Q3) In 1949,the Chinese Nationalist government fled to A)Japan.
B)Korea.
C)Taiwan.
D)Nippon.
E)Manchuria.
Q4) How did the cold war affect civil liberties?
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Chapter 26: Affluence and Anxiety in the Atomic Age,
1950-1959
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Q1) What statement best describes the Democrats' 1952 presidential candidate.Adlai Stevenson?
A)He was barely known outside of his home state.
B)He had made a name for himself as an anti-communist in the Senate.
C)He had made himself a self-made millionaire through a series of department stores.
D)He became famous when he and the 101st Division captured Adolph Hitler in World War II.
E)He was a victim of the Second Red Scare.
Q2) Because of the overall prosperity of the decade,blacks were able to close the income gap with whites by the end of the 1950s.
A)True
B)False
Q3) During the cold war,this agency was used to influence world events.
A)FBI
B)CIA
C)DEA
D)NSA
E)ORP
Q4) Describe the unique aspects of the consumer culture of the 1950s.
Page 28
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Chapter 27: New Frontiers, 1960-1968
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Q1) Jack Ruby was charged with assassinating President John F.Kennedy,but doubts about his guilt linger.
A)True
B)False
Q2) How did the Soviet Union react to the failed Vienna Summit in 1961?
A)They launched an invasion of Romania.
B)They built a wall around West Berlin.
C)They refused to allow people to leave West Berlin.
D)They cut off wheat shipments to the United States.
E)They attacked Vietnam.
Q3) Trace the early foreign-policy setbacks during the Kennedy administration.
Q4) The black power movement is best associated with A)Martin Luther King Jr.
B)Marcus Garvey.
C)George Wallace.
D)Malcom X.
E)Booker T.Washington.
Q5) The Viet Cong were the rebel army in South Vietnam.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 28: Rebellion and Reaction, the 1960s and 1970s
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Sample Questions
Q1) Detail Nixon's foreign policy successes.What made Nixon's approach different from that of his predecessors?
Q2) George Wallace
A)Was shot and left paralyzed in 1972
B)Was secretary of state in 1975
C)Founded NOW
D)Founded SDS and wrote the Port Huron Statement
E)Replaced Archibald Cox as special prosecutor in the Watergate investigation
F)Gave testimony before Senate committee that linked Nixon directly to Watergate cover-up
G)Leaked the Pentagon Papers to the New York Times
H)Resigned as vice president in 1973
I)Lost the presidential election of 1976
J)Prime minister of China during Nixon's visit
Q3) Detail the New Left movement in America during the 1960s.Who were the participants,and what issues were at the core of their organization?
Q4) Within days of the U.S.withdrawal,the cease-fire in Vietnam collapsed.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 29: Conservative Revival, 1977-1990
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Q1) President Reagan viewed this area as the greatest threat to the United States.
A)Central America
B)South America
C)Canada
D)Eastern Europe
E)China
Q2) What was a major reason that Jimmy Carter won the presidency in 1976?
A)He convinced voters he was incorruptible.
B)He promised to restore the nation's credit rating.
C)He promised to free the Iranian hostages.
D)He ended the cold war.
E)He negotiated a cease-fire in Vietnam.
Q3) During the Reagan administration,El Salvador fell to the Communists.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The 1991 Persian Gulf War was provoked by Iraq's invasion of Saudi Arabia.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What was America's role in world affairs during the Reagan and Bush years?
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Q6) Describe and illustrate the main features of Reaganomics.
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Q1) Robert Gates
A)Carried Florida by 537 votes in 2000
B)Became House Speaker as a result of the 2006 election
C)Was the independent counsel who prosecuted Bill Clinton
D)Finished third in the 1992 and 1996 presidential elections
E)Authored the Contract with America
F)Was appointed secretary of state by Barack Obama
G)Was the Federal Reserve Board chairman
H)Was appointed secretary of defense by Barack Obama
I)Was a central figure in a major sex scandal
Q2) Did American foreign policy change significantly when Bill Clinton became president? Fully explain.
Q3) Describe the new patterns of immigration to the United States.What might account for this?
Q4) Describe the Great Recession.What factors led up to it? How did it affect society?
Q5) Between 1997 and 2006,home prices rose very impressively in Sunbelt states.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Explain the historic victory of Barack Obama in 2008.
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