Allied Health Sciences: Anatomy and Physiology
Exam Questions
Course Introduction
This course provides an in-depth exploration of human anatomy and physiology tailored for students pursuing careers in allied health sciences. It covers the structural organization and function of major body systems, including the integumentary, musculoskeletal, nervous, cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, urinary, reproductive, and endocrine systems. Emphasis is placed on the interrelationship between structure and function, as well as the physiological processes that maintain homeostasis. Students will gain foundational knowledge essential for understanding disease processes and for further study in advanced health science courses.
Recommended Textbook
Maders Understanding Human Anatomy and Physiology 8th Edition by Susannah Longenbaker
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19 Chapters
2160 Verified Questions
2160 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Organization of the Body
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Sample Questions
Q1) The thigh is which region?
A)Femoral
B)Crural
C)Plantar
D)Palmar
Answer: A
Q2) A group of similar cells performing a specialized function is referred to as a(n) A)tissue.
B)organ.
C)molecule.
D)system.
Answer: A
Q3) List the organ systems that allow for body movement and describe the role each system plays in the production of movement.
Answer: The skeletal and muscular systems allow for body movement.The bones of the skeletal system serve as attachment sites for muscles and contraction of the muscles of the muscular system serves to move the bones.
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Chapter 2: Chemistry of Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) If a protein has more than one polypeptide arranged together,this is the ____ structure of a protein.
A)primary
B)secondary
C)tertiary
D)quaternary
Answer: D
Q2) The subunit building block of nucleic acids is the A)monosaccharide.
B)nucleotide.
C)amino acid.
D)fatty aciD.
Answer: B
Q3) The pH of the blood is slightly basic.Which of the following describes this pH?
A)6.4
B)12.6
C)4.7
D)7.4
Answer: D
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Cell Structure and Function
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Sample Questions
Q1) Small lipid soluble molecules would move through the plasma membrane by A)diffusion.
B)osmosis.
C)filtration.
D)pumping.
Answer: A
Q2) When mRNA molecules are formed,they are complementary to DNA with the exception that
A)an A in DNA matches a T in mRNA.
B)a T in DNA matches an C in mRNA.
C)an A in DNA matches a G in mRNA.
D)an A in DNA matches a U in mRNA.
Answer: D
Q3) Compare DNA,mRNA,and tRNA with regard to function and location.
Answer: DNA - is located in the nucleus and contains the information for the construction of proteins.
mRNA - carries the DNA code to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
tRNA - brings amino acids over to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm according to the base sequence on the mRNA molecule.
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Body Tissues and Membranes
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Sample Questions
Q1) Where would a mucous membrane be found?
A)Lining internal cavities
B)Lining tubes and organs that open to the outside
C)Covering internal organs
D)Covering the brain
Q2) Mucous membranes line internal body cavities.
Mucous membranes line cavities that are open to the outside.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Muscle tissue can only be classified by the appearance of the fibers. Muscle tissue is classified by appearance of the fibers,the location,and mode of action.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following are connective tissue membranes?
A)Meninges
B)Cutaneous membranes
C)Serous membranes
D)Mucous membranes
Q5) Compare the appearance of the three types of muscle tissue.
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Chapter 5: The Integumentary System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT a sign of inflammation as seen in a skin injury?
A)Cold
B)Swelling
C)Redness
D)Pain
Q2) Which of the following is the most common type of skin cancer?
A)Basal cell carcinoma
B)Squamous cell carcinoma
C)Melanoma
D)Kaposi's sarcoma
Q3) Melanin
A)is a pigment.
B)protects the skin from ultraviolet radiation.
C)is located in the epidermis.
D)All apply.
Q4) Describe how sweat cools the body and explain why sitting in front of a fan cools the body more rapidly.
Q5) The skin is both an organ and an organ system.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: The Skeletal System
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Sample Questions
Q1) An abnormal lateral curvature of the spine is called
A)lordosis.
B)kyphosis.
C)hunchback.
D)scoliosis.
Q2) The skeletal system is very important in the process of respiration.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A ________ is a sharp,slender process on a bone for muscle attachment.
A)crest
B)spine
C)tubercle
D)head
Q4) Which of the following is an example of a long bone?
A)Femur
B)Patella
C)Vertebra
D)Frontal bone
Q5) Distinguish among lordosis,kyphosis,and scoliosis.
Q6) How would you determine if skeletal remains are female or male?
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Chapter 7: The Muscular System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The _______ will adduct the scapulae and help extend the neck.
A)trapezius
B)temporalis
C)sternocleidomastoid
D)deltoid
Q2) After nervous stimulation of the muscle cell has ceased,the calcium
A)is destroyed by cholinesterase.
B)is chemically bound to the filaments.
C)level in the sarcoplasm increases.
D)is actively pumped into the sarcoplasmic reticulum for storage.
Q3) Three discrete types of muscle fibers are identified on the basis of their fuel supply,oxygen supply,and tension.Which of the following athletic endeavors best represents the use of slow-twitch fibers?
A)A sprint by an Olympic runner
B)Swinging a baseball bat
C)Lifting weights
D)Mountain climbing
Q4) If muscle fibers obey the all-or-none law,then how can muscles exhibit various strengths of contraction?
Q5) What is meant by oxygen debt?
Page 9
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Chapter 8: The Nervous System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The small gap between two successive neurons is called the A)synaptic cleft.
B)axon terminal.
C)dendrite terminal.
D)neurotransmitter.
Q2) The conduction of an action potential obeys the all-or-none law.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which disease is due,in part,to reduced amounts of acetylcholine in the brain?
A)Parkinson's disease
B)Huntington's disease
C)Alzheimer's disease
D)All apply.
Q4) The lateral ventricles are located in the A)cerebrum.
B)medulla oblongata.
C)thalamus.
D)cerebellum.
Q5) Organize the following divisions of the nervous system in outline form: autonomic ns,central ns,parasympathetic ns,peripheral ns,somatic ns,sympathetic ns.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: The Sensory System
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Sample Questions
Q1) An emotional response to an odor means that the _______ is involved.
A)reticular activating system
B)limbic system
C)somatosensory area
D)cerebrospinal fluid
Q2) Which eye muscle is innervated by the abducens nerve?
A)Lateral rectus muscle
B)Medial rectus muscle
C)Superior oblique muscle
D)Inferior rectus muscle
Q3) The photopigment rhodopsin is found in A)rods.
B)cones.
Q4) Which of the following is NOT a cranial nerve that innervates the extrinsic eye muscles?
A)Oculomotor
B)Abducens
C)Trigeminal
D)Trochlear
Q5) Describe the process in which sound waves are conducted to the spiral organ.
Page 11
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Chapter 10: The Endocrine System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which endocrine gland produces the most hormones?
A)Posterior pituitary
B)Anterior pituitary
C)Thyroid gland
D)Adrenal gland
Q2) The body's response to the external environment is aided by the endocrine system.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Excessive PTH can lead to hypocalcemia.
Deficient PTH can lead to hypocalcemia.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Declining immune response in the elderly may be a result of thymus gland shrinkage.
A)True B)False
Q5) The pineal gland is considered to be our biological clock. A)True B)False
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Chapter 11: Blood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which type of white blood cell is the first to respond to an infection?
A)Monocyte
B)Eosinophil
C)Basophil
D)Neutrophil
Q2) Clotting disorders can be associated with atherosclerosis in an elderly person.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What type of cells do platelets come from?
A)Megakaryocytes
B)Reticulocytes
C)NK cells
D)Myeloblasts
Q4) Platelets in a damaged blood vessel can adhere to each other and exposed collagen fibers.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Platelets generally have a very short life because they have no nucleus.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: The Cardiovascular System
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the function of the heart valves?
A)to push blood
B)to prevent the backflow of blood
C)to stimulate the heart
D)to give support to the heart
Q2) The heart sounds are due to the A)valves closing.
B)heart contraction.
C)heart relaxing.
D)blood flowing.
Q3) For a blood pressure reading of 125/86,the 86 represents the A)atrial diastolic pressure.
B)ventricular systolic pressure.
C)atrial systolic pressure.
D)ventricular diastolic pressure.
Q4) What is arteriosclerosis and why does it increase the risk of heart attack?
Q5) At any one time,more blood is found in the venous system than anywhere else in the cardiovascular system.
A)True
B)False
14
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Chapter 13: The Lymphatic System and Body Defenses
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT true about monoclonal antibodies?
A)They come from different B cells and plasma cells.
B)Can be used to detect pregnancy.
C)Can be produced in the lab using mice and cancer cells.
D)Can be used to treat cancer.
Q2) Lysozyme is found in
A)tears.
B)saliva.
C)urine.
D)Both tears and saliva.
Q3) Which of the following is NOT true about delayed allergic response?
A)It is initiated by memory T cells.
B)It is regulated by interferon released by the T cells and macrophages.
C)The TB test is an example of this type of allergic response.
D)Contact dermatitis such as poison ivy is an example of this type of allergic response.
Q4) Differentiate between nonspecific and specific defense,and give examples of each.
Q5) Differentiate between passive and active immunity.
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Page 15
Chapter 14: The Respiratory System
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Sample Questions
Q1) What type of tissue forms the mucosa of the trachea?
A)pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
B)keratinized stratified squamous epithelium
C)stratified squamous epithelium
D)simple columnar epithelium
Q2) Which muscles contract for a forced expiration?
A)external intercostal muscles and internal intercostal muscles
B)internal intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles
C)abdominal muscles and the diaphragm
D)external intercostal muscles and the diaphragm
Q3) Which serous membrane lines the thoracic cavity?
A)visceral pleura
B)visceral peritoneum
C)parietal pericardium
D)parietal pleura
Q4) Internal respiration is the exchange of gases between the
A)bronchiole and alveoli.
B)alveoli and blood.
C)trachea and bronchi.
D)blood and tissue fluiD.
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Digestive System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The material that leaves the mouth and enters the pharynx is called A)chyme.
B)chyle.
C)bolus.
D)rugae.
Q2) The pharynx transports food into the A)stomach.
B)esophagus.
C)larynx.
D)All apply.
Q3) Movement of wastes through the large intestine too quickly can result in A)diarrheA.
B)constipation.
C)heartburn.
D)peritonitis.
Q4) Appendicitis and diverticulosis are associated with the A)small intestine.
B)large intestine.
C)stomach.
D)esophagus.
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Chapter 16: The Urinary System and Excretion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Where are the kidneys located?
A)ventral region of the thorax
B)lumbar region
C)ventral region of the pelvis
D)dorsal region of the thorax
Q2) Which of the following structures is NOT found in the renal cortex?
A)glomerular capsule
B)proximal convoluted tubule
C)loop of Henle
D)distal convoluted tubule
Q3) During dialysis,materials can also be added to the blood as well as having substances removed.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What anatomical features allow for the expansion of the urinary bladder as it fills with urine?
A)plicae and elastic connective tissue
B)rugae and columnar epithelium
C)plicae and stratified squamous epithelium
D)rugae and transitional epithelium
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Chapter 17: The Reproductive System
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Sample Questions
Q1) What structure contains the vas deferens,and the testicular artery,vein,and nerve?
A)spermatic cord
B)inguinal canal
C)epididymis
D)urethra
Q2) Which of the following does NOT occur during menopause?
A)menstrual cycle ceases
B)ovaries secrete very little estrogen and progesterone
C)hot flashes,headaches,and depression may occur
D)hCG secretion increases
Q3) Which male gland encircles the urethra and secretes a fluid that enhances sperm motility?
A)Cowper's glands
B)seminal vesicles
C)prostate
D)bulbourethral glands
Q4) Deposition of fat by estrogens is an example of homeostasis.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 18: Human Development and Birth
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is the correct order of structures sperm must penetrate before entering the ovum?
A)zona pellucida,corona radiate,ovum plasma membrane
B)ovum plasma membrane,zona pellucida,corona radiate
C)corona radiate,zona pellucida,ovum plasma membrane
D)None apply.
Q2) Embryonic development
A)refers to the first week.
B)refers to week two through month two.
C)refers to months three through nine.
D)All apply.
Q3) The allantois
A)is the first site of blood cell formation.
B)is the fetal half of the placenta.
C)becomes the umbilical cord vessels.
D)cushions and protects the embryo with fluiD.
Q4) Maternal and fetal blood supplies mix to facilitate exchange.
Maternal and fetal blood supplies do not mix,but are side-by-side.
A)True
B)False
Page 20
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Chapter 19: Human Genetics
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Sample Questions
Q1) A genotype of tt is
A)homozygous recessive.
B)homozygous dominant.
C)heterozygous.
D)sex-linkeD.
Q2) What short-cut is used to predict the probability of inheriting a particular trait?
A)karyotype
B)electrophoresis
C)Punnett square
D)amniocentesis
Q3) An XO individual will have
A)Klinefelter syndrome.
B)Jacobs syndrome.
C)Turner syndrome.
D)poly-X syndrome.
Q4) The sex of a child is determined by the A)sperm.
B)egg.
C)either sperm or egg.
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