Aging and Society Practice Exam
Course Introduction
Aging and Society examines the multifaceted process of aging and its impact on individuals and communities. This course explores cultural, social, economic, and political factors shaping the experiences of older adults. Students analyze topics such as changing demographics, age-related policies, health and wellness in later life, intergenerational relationships, and common stereotypes about aging. Through an interdisciplinary lens, the course encourages critical reflection on how society responds to aging populations and the implications for public policy and social services.
Recommended Textbook
The Journey of Adulthood 7th Edition by Barbara R. Bjorklund
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12 Chapters
846 Verified Questions
846 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Adult Development
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71 Verified Questions
71 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) For which of the following cross-sectional research findings would you be MOST likely to suspect a "cohort effect" as the primary explanation?
A) lower bone density among 70-year-olds than among 35-year-olds
B) faster recall of lists of words by 20-year-olds than by 60-year-olds
C) higher percentage of blue-collar workers among 50-year-olds than among 30-year-olds
D) a lower rate of marital satisfaction among couples in their 30s than among couples in their 50s
Answer: C
Q2) Which is NOT a major category of influence that helps to explain both the ways we tend to be alike and the ways we tend to be different in our adult journeys?
A) biologically influenced change
B) unique experiences
C) cultural-cohort effects
D) shared, age-graded change
Answer: A
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3
Chapter 2: Physical Changes
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is the best statement about individual differences in the rate or pattern of physiological aging?
A) The maturational sequences are very powerful; virtually all adults follow the same sequences at the same rates.
B) There are significant maturational sequences, although there is room for individual variation within relatively narrow limits.
C) There are significant underlying maturational sequences, but there are very wide individual variations in rate and pattern.
D) There are no shared underlying maturational sequences.
Answer: C
Q2) The loss of calcium in the bones that occurs in many adults with aging is called _______.
A) osteopathy
B) osteoporosis
C) calcification
D) climacteric
Answer: B
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Health and Health Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) When we say depression does not change much with age, we are talking about
A) only clinical depression
B) only sub-clinical depression
C) all kinds of depression
D) only bipolar depression
Answer: A
Q2) It is estimated that 20 percent of the elderly have pathological levels of anxiety. Which of the following is NOT an anxiety disorder?
A) phobias
B) agoraphobia
C) dysthymic disorder
D) PTSD
Answer: C
Q3) Which form of mental health disorder shows the highest prevalence in adulthood?
A) mood disorders
B) anxiety disorders
C) impulse control disorders
D) substance abuse disorders
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Cognitive Abilities
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Sample Questions
Q1) When speaking of the type of intelligence based on education and experience, Horn and Cattell refer to _______.
A) fluid intelligence
B) crystallized intelligence
C) spatial intelligence
D) deductive reasoning and long-term working memory
Q2) In studies of memory, what is the term used to describe the processes by which new information is committed to memory?
A) storage
B) sensory memory
C) recognition
D) working memory
Q3) Baltes (1993) argues that cognition is like a computer; the hardware becomes less efficient and the software can be maintained. Argue for or against this position and use research to support your position.
Q4) Describe the typical finding in training studies of memory, such as the Burack and Lachman study described in the text. What do such results tell us about age changes in memory processes?
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6
Chapter 5: Social Roles
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the U.S., the roles of men and women have changed over the past few decades. Which of the following best describes the relationship between male and female gender roles in our current culture?
A) symmetrical
B) asymmetrical
C) traditional
D) none of the above
Q2) The concept of gender role crossover suggests that at some point in the life cycle, men begin to take on aspects of the women's role and women take on aspects of the men's role. At what stage does Gutmann think this occurs?
A) newlywed couples
B) young couples with infants
C) couples with school-aged children
D) couples in the postparental stage
Q3) Describe why there are such large cultural effects on older (65 years of age and older) women living alone. Include relevant research to support your claim.
Q4) Compare and contrast the major family and gender roles of young adults and retired adults. How can you best characterize the differences?
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Chapter 6: Social Relationships
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Sample Questions
Q1) Your friends Jeff and Lucia are considering living together as a kind of trial run, to see if they want to get married. They know you are studying psychology, and ask you whether psychologists know anything about couples who live together. Which of the following would best describe the current information?
A) Cohabitation before marriage is generally a good way to prepare for marriage; those who have cohabited later have more lasting and satisfying marriages.
B) Cohabitation before marriage appears to be helpful for some couples, especially those with higher levels of education.
C) Cohabitation spoils people for later marriage; it is a bad idea.
D) Cohabitation per se has little demonstrable negative effect, but neither does it make later marriages more stable.
Q2) Studies in the United States suggest that men's friendships with one another, when compared to women's friendships with one another, are _______.
A) about the same
B) marked by talking, rather than doing
C) marked by doing, rather than talking
D) neurotic, marked by stoic aloofness
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Work and Retirement
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Sample Questions
Q1) A major criticism of Holland's theory of occupational choice and personality is that
A) occupation and personality type matches have not been found for African Americans
B) Holland's findings are based on limited research
C) the theory does not predict job achievement
D) the results from Asian-American populations do not match results from other populations
Q2) Your text advises three strategies for coping with conflict and strain; list and describe these suggestions.
Q3) According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor (2005), women earn salaries that average _____ percent of those earned by men.
A) 57
B) 67
C) 80
D) 87
Q4) Briefly describe three factors that influence a young person's choice of a career or job.
Q5) List and describe the key features that influence retirement decisions.
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Chapter 8: Personality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Suppose a researcher studies a group of adults longitudinally over a ten-year period and finds that the average score on a measure of rigidity goes up steadily over time. What, if anything, does this finding tell us about individual consistency in rigidity?
Q2) Erikson's theory of psychosocial development states that personality development takes place in ______________ that represents a conflict the individual must try to resolve.
A) regular cyclical periods of approximately 7 years throughout life
B) spurts that correspond to physical growth periods
C) distinct stages over the life span
D) distinct stages until adolescence
Q3) Self-actualization, according to Maslow's theory, occurs _________.
A) in a small fraction of individuals whose deficiency needs have been met
B) in a large percentage of individuals over the age of 50
C) for nearly everyone after the age of 65
D) in those individuals who have faced the largest amount of stress or crisis
Q4) List and describe the "big five" personality dimensions.
Q5) McAdams has suggested that we can understand simultaneous consistency and change in personality by proposing "layers" or "levels" of personality. Briefly sketch McAdams's ideas.
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Chapter 9: The Quest for Meaning
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Sample Questions
Q1) Gary Reker finds that older adults in his cross-sectional study place more emphasis on "collectivism" and on "self-transcendent" meaning.
a. How do these findings fit with the possible shared changes in personality in later adulthood discussed in the text?
b. How could you account for Reker's findings based on cohort differences?
Q2) In Kohlberg's theory of moral development, the conventional level is made up of 2 stages: the stage of "good-by or good-girl orientation" and the stage of _______.
A) social contract
B) social order maintaining orientation
C) individualism and instrumental purpose orientation
D) universal ethical principles
Q3) Which step in Underhill's description of mysticism corresponds to the usual endpoint in Fowler's theory?
A) awakening
B) purification
C) illumination
D) unity
Q4) Describe Fowler's theory of faith development.
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Chapter 10: Stress, Coping, and Resilience
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Sample Questions
Q1) 10-15. The collection of relationships a person has at any one time with family members and friends is called _______.
A) social support
B) a social network
C) an attachment network
D) an appraisal system
Q2) 10-11. Holmes & Rahe (1967) argue that ____ change requires adaptation.
A) positive
B) negative
C) sporadic
D) any
Q3) The first phase of the "general adaptation syndrome" is _______.
A) resistance
B) alarm reaction
C) mobilization of the immune system
D) exhaustion
Q4) 10-53. Current evidence provides very strong support for the theory that stress leads to increased illness. But there are still some weaknesses or holes in the data. Describe those weaknesses and holes. What do we still need to know?
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Chapter 11: Death and Bereavement
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following age groups of adults is likely to talk the most about death and dying?
A) 20-30
B) 40-50
C) 60-70
D) 80-90
Q2) Research suggests which of the following individuals typically will suffer the most from "death anxiety"?
A) Carlos, a 22 year old college student, full of purpose and vim, an atheist
B) Richard, a 72 year old retired mechanic, a devoted Muslim, and has no regrets in life
C) Katie, an 89 year old widow, an active member in the United Methodist Church
D) Aretha, a 49 year old housewife, regrets that she did not college; she believes in an afterlife, but she's not sure she earned a place in it
Q3) Describe briefly the major features of hospice care. If your parent or your spouse were dying, would you consider such a program of care as an alternative to hospital care? Why or why not?
Q4) Among middle-aged adults, which ones are likely to show the MOST fear of death?
Q5) Describe the major functions of funerals and other rituals surrounding death.
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Chapter 12: The Successful Journey
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Sample Questions
Q1) Choosing a career and maximum gender role differentiation are most likely to go together in which age period?
A) 20-39
B) 40-64
C) 65-74
D) 75+
Q2) Among older adults, high life satisfaction is associated with ________.
A) structured reminiscence
B) high openness to self
C) high achievement motivation
D) success in a career
Q3) Describe the period of young adulthood, from age eighteen to twenty-five. What are the key features of this period?
Q4) Which of the following sequences of changes observed over the adult years appears to be the least maturational or "developmental"?
A) changes in the physical body
B) changes in mental ability or performance
C) changes in family roles
D) changes in personality
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