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This course explores the biological, psychological, and social aspects of aging, with a particular focus on how these factors influence health and well-being in older adulthood. Students will examine the physiological changes associated with aging, common health concerns facing older populations, and the impact of lifestyle, policy, and healthcare systems on aging individuals. The course also addresses strategies for disease prevention, health promotion, and the management of chronic conditions, as well as societal attitudes toward aging and their effects on the delivery of care. Through a multidisciplinary lens, students will gain a comprehensive understanding of the major issues shaping healthy aging in contemporary society.
Recommended Textbook
Ebersole and Hess Gerontological Nursing Healthy Aging 4th Edition by Theris A. Touhy
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25 Chapters
426 Verified Questions
426 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A man is terminally ill with end-stage prostate cancer.Which is the best statement about this man's wellness?
A) Wellness is possible in the management of his medical care.
B) Wellness is unfortunately not a real option for this client.
C) Wellness is the same thing as faith healing, and if the client would be more receptive, then he could be back at work in a few weeks.
D) Nursing interventions can help empower a client to achieve a higher level of wellness.
Answer: D
Q2) An older man living in an adult community becomes a widower 1 month after retirement.Two months later,he has not resumed a weekly outing with his fishing club.Which should the nurse implement?
A) Ask the older adult why he is not fishing.
B) Have club members visit him at home.
C) Meet with him to assess his interests.
D) Enroll him in a weekly card game.
Answer: C
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Q1) Identify future directions for gerontological nursing research as suggested by Wykle and Tappen.
A) Interdisciplinary practice models
B) Intergenerational caregiving
C) Health disparities
D) Influence of culture on aging
E) Long-term care initiatives
Answer: A,B,C,D
Q2) Identify the best statement about gerontological nursing.
A) Nurses have only recently become involved in the care of the older adult.
B) Gerontological care was the second specialty in which the American Nurses Association (ANA) offered a certification program.
C) Purposes of gerontological nursing include the promotion of health and support for maximal independence.
D) ANA certification is available only for gerontological nurses in research positions. Answer: C
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Sample Questions
Q1) A nursing home is converting to a person-centered culture from an institution-centered culture.Which nursing intervention will be suitable in the new culture?
A) Maintain consistent resident assignments.
B) Provide structured activities for the residents.
C) Assign nursing assistants to perform bathing.
D) Determine mealtime on the basis of staffing levels.
Answer: A
Q2) A nurse completing a hospital discharge to home understands that which of the following interventions is most important before discharge.
A) Medication reconciliation
B) Providing a list of community resources
C) Contacting a durable medical equipment facility
D) Educating the client on appropriate range-of-motion exercises
Answer: A
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Q1) Which action should the nurse take when addressing older adults?
A) Speak in an exaggerated pitch.
B) Use a lower quality of speech.
C) Use endearing terms such as "Honey."
D) Speak clearly.
Q2) A resident in a nursing home insists that a priest hear his confession.The resident is very anxious,and the nursing home does not have a Roman Catholic chaplain.Which intervention should the nurse implement?
A) An Episcopal priest is coming to visit the home this evening. Arrange an appointment with her for the resident.
B) Report the resident's change in behavior in detail so that the attending physician can appropriately prescribe medication.
C) Refer the resident to the staff psychologist to address the underlying cause of the patient's anxiety.
D) Look in the local telephone book for a Roman Catholic Church, and ask the priest to visit the resident.
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Sample Questions
Q1) The latest trends in medicine encourage health care providers to prescribe nutrient-dense foods and exercise to prevent or delay the shortening of telomeres.On which biological theory of aging are these practices based?
A) Genetic research
B) Caloric restriction
C) Pacemaker theory
D) Cross-link theory
Q2) An older adult who recently had surgery complains of pain at the level of 3 out of 10 and constipation during the postoperative primary care visit.Which intervention should the nurse implement to first facilitate elimination?
A) Encourage the use of a laxative.
B) Review the medication list.
C) Promote fiber in the diet.
D) Suggest added fluid intake.
Q3) Aging ordinarily leads to decreases in which of the following?
A) Creatinine clearance and insulin secretion
B) Blood carbon dioxide and saliva production
C) Left ventricle-wall thickness and skin healing time
D) Serum triiodothyronine (T?) and gastric pepsin
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Page 7
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse observes older female adults learning advanced knitting techniques.The nurse concludes that this learning activity is suitable for these women because it accomplishes which of the following?
A) Helps maintain joint flexibility
B) Improves the group's cohesiveness
C) Provides a needed social opportunity
D) Adds to their existing knowledge base
Q2) The children in an African-American family attended college because their mother worked two jobs as they were growing up.She never finished high school,the children are grown,and she lives alone in retirement.Which noted weakness of sociological theories on aging explains why the social exchange theory is not applicable to this older adult?
A) Gender
B) Culture
C) Ethnicity
D) Opportunity
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Q1) An older woman has diabetes mellitus and requires hemodialysis for renal failure.She is discharged to home to recover from a sternal wound infection and coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG).A home care nurse will provide wound care.Which of the following is the major justification for the complete and accurate documentation of this older adult's care?
A) Requires complex health care
B) Has needs in multiple settings
C) Is at risk for iatrogenic problems
D) Has significant health care expenses
Q2) The same nursing documentation record is used in every unit of a hospital.Why does a hospital use a standardized form for nursing documentation?
A) Helps provide continuity of care
B) Standardizes patient care parameters
C) Assists in maintaining confidentiality
D) Reduces the number of medication errors
E) Provides the foundation for staffing levels
F)Allows for quality evaluations among units
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Sample Questions
Q1) A patient receives heparin daily.The nurse should assess for which clinical response that indicates the need to discontinue heparin therapy?
A) International normalized ratio (INR) of 2.5
B) Platelet count of 150,000/mm3
C) Reflux
D) Hematuria
Q2) A health care provider has ordered alendronate (Fosamax)for an older adult who has been admitted for a hip fracture.Which is the best response from the nurse when educating the patient on the new medication?
A) You will need to have your calcium checked monthly while on this medication.
B) If you miss a dose, you will need to take the medication as soon as you remember.
C) Take on an empty stomach.
D) Do not take with alcohol.
Q3) Through which pathway(s)are drugs and their metabolites eliminated?
A) Sweat
B) Saliva
C) Kidneys
D) Spleen
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Sample Questions
Q1) An older adult with a gastrostomy tube has difficulty using the dominant hand.Which of the following should the nurse provide to prevent complications of the gastrostomy tube?
A) Use foam swabs to brush the teeth.
B) Provide oral care every 4 hours.
C) Supply a soft tooth brush and floss.
D) Position the patient at 90 degrees for tube feedings.
Q2) Which of the following is a true statement about fluid intake for older adults?
A) Daily total volume should be 1500 ml to 2000 ml.
B) Coffee is a suitable beverage for maintaining hydration.
C) Caffeinated beverages are sometimes preferable to water.
D) Total daily fluid intake should be approximately 10 ml per kg of body weight.
Q3) The nurse notices that an older adult's urine is greenish-brown.Which step should the nurse implement next?
A) Increase oral fluid intake.
B) Review laboratory reports.
C) Evaluate the medication list.
D) Determine fluid volume status.
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse evaluates the urinalysis (UA)of a female patient with an indwelling urinary catheter.The UA report shows gross contamination of the urine.Rank the nursing interventions in order,beginning with the first intervention the nurse should implement.
A)Provide perineal hygiene.
B)Provide urinary catheter care.
C)Check the duration of catheterization.
D)Obtain a urine specimen from a sterile port.
E) None of the above
Q2) The nurse is caring for a patient who has recently had an indwelling catheter placed.The nurse should assess the patient for:
A) An increase in oral fluid intake
B) A change in mental status
C) Upper back pain
D) A decrease in activity
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Sample Questions
Q1) A nursing home resident who has type 1 diabetes mellitus is gradually requiring more and more insulin on an as-needed (PRN)basis to treat hyperglycemia.Which of the following should the nurse assess to plan care for improving this individual's glucose metabolism?
A) New-onset urinary tract infection
B) Trends over time in activity level
C) Sudden increase in caloric intake
D) Big change in diabetic medication use
Q2) Which of the following is a true statement about sleeping in older adults?
A) Older adults tend to fall asleep quickly but are awakened throughout the night.
B) Sleep disturbances in the older adult can be caused by cardiovascular disease, arthritis, or diabetes.
C) Benzodiazepine agents are the medications of choice for sleep disorders.
D) Selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) can alleviate sleep disturbances caused by depression.
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Q1) A nurse will be conducting an educational session on preventing skin cancer at a local senior citizens center.Which should the nurse include in the session?
A) Squamous cell cancer may appear similar to a wart.
B) Basal cell carcinoma is more common in women.
C) Actinic keratosis begins as a pearly papule.
D) Melanoma is characterized by rough, scaly patches.
Q2) Which of the following is an important consideration about the skin of an older adult person?
A) Generous amounts of soap should be used for cleansing.
B) Sweat gland activity increases.
C) Skin becomes more vulnerable to damage.
D) Skin becomes darker in unexposed areas.
Q3) Which of the following is a true statement about impaired skin integrity?
A) Stage III pressure ulcer cannot regress to stage II because the subcutaneous tissues regenerate.
B) Stasis ulcer is another term for pressure ulcer.
C) Muscle and fat cannot regenerate.
D) Weight reduction is recommended to help prevent pressure ulcers.
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Q1) The nurse wants to use exercise according to the recommendations of the American Geriatrics Society (AGS)for an older woman who lost her balance and fell.Which nursing intervention is suitable for this older adult according to the AGS?
A) Tell her to use an assistive device until her balance improves.
B) Provide information on group exercises for balance training.
C) Help her to learn how to exercise the core group of muscles.
D) Instruct her to enroll in an exercise program for 8 weeks.
Q2) Which of the following is a true statement about assistive devices to aid older adults with impaired mobility?
A) A walker can be used when climbing stairs.
B) Cane tips should be smooth.
C) Older adults save money by adapting assistive devices from their friends.
D) A cane is most useful for unilateral disabilities but not bilateral problems.
Q3) The nurse will be educating a group of senior citizens on adaptations for safer driving.Which adaptation(s)should the nurse include?
A) Wide rear-view mirrors
B) Pedal extensions
C) Global positioning system (GPS) devices
D) Antiroll bars
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Q1) Which factor(s)is(are)modifiable health risk behaviors for chronic illness?
A) Physical activity
B) Prescription medication use
C) Poor nutrition
D) Tobacco use
Q2) Which of the following is a true statement about Medicare for older adults?
A) Eighty percent of Medicare's annual expenditures are for individuals with chronic illnesses.
B) Medicare enrollees spend under $1500 annually for out-of-pocket expenses related to chronic illnesses.
C) Complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) are not covered by Medicare.
D) Medicare covers care for those who have trouble with activities of daily living.
Q3) An older woman has severe osteoporosis in the long bones,impaired mobility,and chronic pain.Which acute illness or condition is this woman most likely to experience as a result of osteoporosis?
A) Peripheral neuropathy
B) Chronic stable depression
C) Intertrochanteric fracture
D) Opioid analgesic addiction
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Q1) An older woman had hip replacement surgery 1 day ago,and the nurse thinks that the woman also has dementia.Which patient assessment does the nurse use to determine whether this woman is experiencing pain?
A) Holds abdomen tightly.
B) Has stable vital signs.
C) Is not verbalizing.
D) Moves during sleep.
Q2) Which of the following pain sensation(s)is(are)associated with neuropathic pain?
A) Infection
B) Obstruction
C) Inflammation
D) Postamputation
Q3) Which conditions are likely to cause an older adult chronic pain?
A) Hip replacement
B) Bone metastasis
C) Hypoproteinemia
D) Migraine headache
E) Compression fracture
F)Postherpetic neuralgia
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Q1) The nurse plans the care of an older female resident of a nursing home who has experienced a sudden deterioration in visual acuity.Which intervention should the nurse complete first?
A) Prevent behavioral and social decline.
B) Tell her to hold onto the rails during ambulation.
C) Examine her mood and functional status.
D) Use problem solving involving the resident.
Q2) The children of an older man believe he is too old to drive a car.Which assessment information about the man warrants further investigation by the nurse to determine his fitness to drive a car safely?
A) Increased rate of tripping on curbs
B) Increased frequency of getting lost
C) Multiple bruises on lower extremities
D) Restricts reading to a well-lit sunroom
E) Socializes with a partner's bridge group
F)Cooks gourmet meals for entertainment
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Q1) Which is the most important medication the nurse administers to a patient with diabetes mellitus to attenuate a metabolic disorder that is closely associated with diabetes mellitus and that accelerates the disease processes are associated with diabetes mellitus?
A) Atorvastatin (Lipitor)
B) Colchicine (Colsalide)
C) Calcium citrate (Citracal)
D) Aluminum hydroxide (Amphojel)
Q2) An older man with diabetes mellitus complains to the nurse that his feet feel like they are burning.Which of the following interventions should the nurse recommend to this older adult to reduce his discomfort?
A) Wear well-fitting, leather shoes
B) Wear knee-high nylon stockings
C) Soak the feet in warm water
D) Apply antifungal powder on the feet
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Q1) Which assessment is typical for a patient with OA?
A) Narrow joint spaces with crepitus
B) Effects in symmetrical joints
C) Morning stiffness for at least an hour
D) Swelling from excess synovial fluid
Q2) Which of the following characteristics of RA are unlike those of OA?
A) Myalgia and stiffness
B) Joint pain that is curable
C) Crepitus and instability
D) Systemic and symmetrical
Q3) An older woman seeks advice from the nurse about preventing further bone loss after being diagnosed with osteopenia.To achieve the woman's goal,which of the following patient teachings should the nurse provide to enhance the activity of the osteoblasts?
A) Limit sodium intake.
B) Refrain from alcohol use.
C) Eat high-fiber foods.
D) Exercise with weights.
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Q1) Which of the following is a true statement about heart disease in older men and women?
A) More women than men die from MIs.
B) Cardiac care for men and women is equally aggressive.
C) Cardiac medications have been tested on men and women equally.
D) Women generally receive less aggressive treatment than men do.
Q2) An African-American 58-year-old man in good health has a blood pressure at 120/73 mm Hg at his annual physical examination.Which of the following is the best goal for the nurse to use to assist him in maintaining his health and wellness into older age?
A) Alter modifiable risk factors.
B) Prevent cardiovascular disease.
C) Recognize disease in early stage.
D) Maintain tight glycemic control.
Q3) Which classic sign of an acute myocardial infarction (AMI)can be absent in an older man with an AMI?
A) Vague complaints
B) Epigastric burning
C) Crushing chest pain
D) Dyspnea and fatigue
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Page 21
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Sample Questions
Q1) An older man comes to the emergency department after falling at home,and he reports that he cannot walk without losing his balance.Which steps should the nurse implement for this patient?
A) Arrange to transfer him immediately to the radiology department.
B) Determine symptom onset or when he fell at home.
C) Organize the reperfusion tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) infusion.
D) Perform a comprehensive neurologic assessment.
Q2) Which of the following statements is true about dysarthria?
A) Does not affect intelligence.
B) Stems from severe rheumatoid arthritis.
C) Physical therapy can be beneficial.
D) Can affect the balance.
Q3) Which of the following statements is true about Parkinson disease (PD)?
A) Drinking large amounts of alcohol can relieve symptoms of essential tremor.
B) Motor tremors and slow movement accompany severe cognitive impairment.
C) Lewy body dementia (LBD) is the most common form of dementia.
D) Older adults taking rasagiline (Azilect) must avoid eating foods containing tyramine.
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Page 22
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Q1) Which types of exercise programs are better for older adults with AD for improving mood and function?
A) Balance
B) Walking
C) Self-paced
D) Endurance
E) Muscle strength
F)Lasting 16 weeks or longer
Q2) Which of the following is(are)the risk factors for vascular dementia (VaD)after a stroke?
A) Smoking
B) Male sex
C) Hypertension
D) Advancing age
E) Hyperlipidemia
F)African American
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Page 23

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Q1) When planning care for a patient that has a history of alcohol abuse,the nurse recognizes which of the following medication(s)will interact with alcohol?
A) Analgesics
B) Antibiotics
C) Antidepressants
D) Antipyretics
Q2) Which of the following is a true statement about psychotic behavior in older adults?
A) Usually, hallucinations in older patients are the result of psychological conflicts.
B) Illusion, delusion, and hallucination are different terms for the same phenomenon.
C) An older adult with psychotic behavior should be assessed for a variety of causes.
D) Regardless of the cause, dissimilar hallucinations are treated with similar therapies.
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Q1) Which of the following statements is true about case management and care management for older adults?
A) A case manager works for a health care system to save time and money.
B) Care managers are usually paid from public agencies such as the Area Agency on Aging (AAA).
C) One nurse can only perform care management.
D) The Outcomes-Based Quality Improvement system is designed to evaluate the expected benefit of a procedure.
Q2) The nurse understands which of the following indicator(s)describe(s)the profile of an elder abuser?
A) Does not have a history of abuse.
B) Has mental health problems.
C) Has substance abuse problems.
D) Is stressed with the caregiving role.
Q3) Which is the fundamental difference between Medicare Part A and Medicare Part B?
A) Hospice care
B) Health care setting
C) Home care services
D) Invasive procedures
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Q1) Which is the most important element for older adults to have for enhancing the transition into retirement?
A) Good health
B) Private pension
C) 401k retirement plan
D) Preretirement planning
Q2) The children of an older woman ask the nurse for advice about helping their mother heal after her husband's (their father's)death.Which strategy should the nurse share with the family?
A) Appoint one family member to take her on outings.
B) Coordinate family expressions of care and concern.
C) Have each child plan a long trip with her assistance.
D) Take her to community events to meet other people.
Q3) The nurse should suggest which of the following to a spouse of a patient with dementia who has displayed inappropriate sexual behavior to decrease the occurrence?
A) Intimate relations
B) Hug
C) Kiss
D) Touch
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Q1) An older patient who has end-stage pulmonary disease decides to accept care from the palliative care nurse.This older adult will most likely benefit from the palliative care nurse in which patient needs of Weisman's six needs for the dying?
A) Closure
B) Control
C) Composure
D) Cohesiveness
Q2) When the older woman who is close to death asks the family to leave after short visits and acts withdrawn in their presence,the family becomes distraught.Which of the following does the nurse include in family teaching to explain the patient's behavior?
A) She is preoccupied with her own death.
B) She must have unresolved family issues.
C) She can be experiencing anticipatory grief.
D) Her body prepares for death in this manner.
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