Advanced Topics in Clinical Psychology
Exam Questions
Course Introduction
This course delves into contemporary issues, theories, and research within the field of clinical psychology. It covers advanced topics such as evidence-based psychotherapeutic interventions, complex case conceptualization, diagnosis of rare or comorbid mental health disorders, and the integration of multicultural and ethical considerations in clinical practice. Emphasis is placed on critical analysis of current literature, application of advanced assessment techniques, and the development of tailored treatment plans. Through interactive lectures, case studies, and practical assignments, students will refine their clinical reasoning, ethical judgment, and proficiency in addressing diverse and challenging presentations in therapeutic settings.
Recommended Textbook
Introduction to Clinical Psychology 3rd Canadian Edition by John Hunsley
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Chapter 1: The Evolution of Clinical Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) One of the criticisms of a science-based approach to clinical psychology is that
A)it discounts an individual psychologist's experience and intuition,despite the extensive training psychologists complete.
B)clinical psychology is best conceptualized as a healing art.
C)drawing similarities across various groups of human experiences is a valuable tool for therapy.
D)research covers so many human problems confronted by clinicians that it is cumbersome to select the appropriate treatment.
Answer: A
Q2) The experiment with little Albert and the furry white animals showed
A)that conditioning principles could explain the development of phobias.
B)that conditioning principles could explain the development of obsessions.
C)that psychodynamic principles could be demonstrated in the lab.
D)that psychodynamic principles had a large influence on learning.
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Contemporary Clinical Psychology
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Q1) Which of the four ethical principles in the Canadian Code of Ethics for Psychologists is given the most weight?
A)Responsibility to society.
B)Respect for the dignity of persons.
C)Responsible caring.
D)Integrity in relationships.
Answer: B
Q2) Surveys of clinical psychologists and graduate students in clinical psychology indicate that ___________ treatment is currently the most popular treatment technique with clinical psychologists in North America.
A)psychodynamic
B)cognitive-behavioural
C)experiential
D)interpersonal
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: Classification and Diagnosis
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Sample Questions
Q1) Classification __________ refers to the usefulness of a classification scheme.
A)utility
B)reliability
C)validity
D)applicability
Answer: A
Q2) A practicum student in clinical psychology is feeling sad over the break-up of a romantic relationship and wonders if this is the beginning of a depressive disorder.It is impossible to diagnose based on this information because:
A)most people get over break-ups after a few weeks.
B)the practicum student will know ways to prevent the sadness becoming more serious.
C)a diagnosis is based on a constellation of symptoms.
D)s/he will probably meet someone else soon.
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Research Methods in Clinical Psychology
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Q1) ________________ refers to the extent to which the interpretations drawn from the results of a study can be generalized to real-world settings.
A)External validity
B)Internal validity
C)Statistical conclusion validity
D)Internal reliability
Q2) The loss of participants in a study over time is known as
A)regression.
B)operationalization.
C)attrition.
D)maturation.
Q3) A __________ variable explains the mechanism by which a predictor variable influences a criterion variable.
A)mediator
B)moderator
C)independent
D)relational
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Chapter 5: Assessment: Overview
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Sample Questions
Q1) The collection of large amounts and multiple sources of data can run the risk of
A)unnecessary costs.
B)unnecessary error.
C)less time for intervention.
D)all of the above.
Q2) A study conducted by Lambert et al.2003)on treatment monitoring compared two groups of therapy clients.In one group,therapists received formal feedback on client symptoms.In the other group,therapists received no formal feedback on client symptoms.The researchers found
A)no differences in treatment outcome between the two groups.
B)that clients in the "no feedback" condition experienced improved treatment outcome.
C)that clients in the "feedback" condition experienced worse treatment outcome.
D)that clients in the "feedback" condition experienced improved treatment outcome.
Q3) What term is more commonly used today,replacing the term psychodiagnosis?
A)Screening.
B)Case formulation.
C)Patient conceptualization.
D)Clinical presentation.
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Chapter 6: Assessment: Interviewing and Observation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Self-monitoring can involve
A)recording occurrences of symptoms.
B)tracking efforts to manage symptoms.
C)Keeping a log of efforts to curtail symptoms
D)all of the above.
Q2) The most widely used diagnostic interview in North America is the
A)Structured Clinical Interview for Axis I Disorders.
B)Structured Clinical Interview for Axis II Disorders.
C)Primary Care Evaluation of Professional Mental Disorders.
D)Dominic Interactive.
Q3) As young children do not have the same sense of __________as adults do,it is helpful to anchor interview questions for children to special events in their lives.
A)time
B)emotional content
C)maturity
D)sophisticated vocabulary
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Chapter 7: Assessment: Intellectual and Cognitive Measures
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Q1) _____________ models of intelligence focus on the identification of the processes and operations that reflect how information is handled by the brain.
A)Factor models
B)Correlational models
C)Hierarchical models
D)Information processing models
Q2) Intellectual functioning prior to an accident or the onset of a neurological decline is referred to as
A)premorbid IQ.
B)predeficit IQ.
C)precise IQ.
D)general IQ.
Q3) It has been speculated that the Flynn Effect can primarily be explained by A)genetic factors.
B)environmental factors.
C)unknown factors.
D)measurement error.
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Chapter 8: Assessment: Self-Report and Projective Measures
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Sample Questions
Q1) Research indicates that the Rorschach Inkblot test is likely to A)underpathologize patients.
B)overpathologize patients.
C)be very accurate at detecting mood and anxiety problems.
D)be valid for use with children and youth.
Q2) The Personality Assessment Inventory is intended for ___________ and requires a Grade ____ reading level.
A)youth and adults; 4
B)adults; 4
C)youth and adults; 8
D)adults; 8
Q3) Many personality measures are called objective personality tests because A)they always use the same scoring system.
B)they are based on the unique personality of the client taking the test.
C)objective observers rate the behaviour and personality of the individual.
D)they are not subject to mood or other contextual influences in testing.
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Chapter 9: Assessment Integration and Clinical Decision-Making
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Q1) The approach to psychological assessment in which clients are actively encouraged to participate in discussions about the reasons for the assessment,the results of the testing,and how the assessment data should be integrated and interpreted is known as the:
A)therapeutic model of assessment.
B)collaborative model of evaluation.
C)client-focused model of assessment.
D)client-driven model of evaluation.
Q2) The Cognitive-Behavioural Case Formulation approach,developed by Jacqueline Persons,emphasizes the importance in identifying a patient's ___________ in the conceptualization of a case.
A) overt problems and long-standing beliefs or schemas
B)overt problems much more so than long-standing beliefs
C)overt problems much less so than long-standing beliefs
D)long-standing beliefs or schemas exclusively
Q3) The premise of a case conceptualization is most closely tied to the A)clinician's theoretical perspective.
B)personality of the client.
C)results of the assessment measures.
D)all of the above.
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Prevention
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Q1) Tertiary intervention
A)is utilized when previous intervention attempts are unsuccessful.
B)involves intervention,at the individual,family,and community level.
C)occurs with respect to a chronic disorder and focuses on rehabilitation and long-term adaptation.
D)occurs as soon as a disorder is evident,in order to prevent further deterioration.
Q2) Which type of prevention is similar to the concept of health promotion?
A)Primary prevention
B)Secondary prevention
C)Follow-up prevention
D)Both A and B
Q3) Because children living in poverty are challenged across numerous life areas,prevention efforts must
A)disentangle the effects of each life area's stressful events and treat each area of stress individually.
B)take into account the effects of a pile-up of stressors.
C)prioritize teaching skills to cope with the most chronic of the stressors.
D)focus on the most currently severe area of stress.
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Chapter 11: Intervention: Overview
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Sample Questions
Q1) Short-term psychodynamic treatment usually requires:
A)weekly sessions over about a year.
B)biweekly sessions for six months.
C)weekly or biweekly sessions for 4-7 months.
D)daily sessions.
Q2) Therapeutic activities involved in Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Depression include
A)dealing with grief.
B)examining role disputes.
C)assisting in role transitions.
D)all of the above
Q3) Evidence-based treatments perform _________ than routine psychotherapy services,and patients receiving the evidence-based treatments in randomized controlled trials are often _______ severely distressed.
A)better ; less
B)better ; more
C)more poorly ; less
D)more poorly ; more
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Chapter 12: Intervention: Adults and Couples
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Q1) Initial sessions of CBT tend to focus primarily on
A)cognitive restructuring tasks.
B)behavioural activation tasks.
C)completing thought records.
D)challenging schemas.
Q2) A type of initial,exploratory treatment study in which no control group is used and,typically,few participant exclusion criteria are applied is known as an)
A)unrandomized design.
B)imperfect RCT.
C)open trial.
D)limited trial.
Q3) What made it difficult to compare research conducted by behavioural therapists and traditional therapists in the mid-1900s?
A)Each research group used different criteria for including studies in their review.
B)Different criteria were used to evaluate whether therapy worked.
C)Interpretation of results was influenced by each group's biases.
D)All of the above.
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Chapter 13: Intervention: Children and Adolescents
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Sample Questions
Q1) Lee,Horvath,and Hunsley 2013)found that evidence-based treatments for children and youth
A)can be effective when used in routine practice settings.
B)are slightly less effective in routine practice settings than in research settings.
C)are much less effective in routine practice settings.
D)cannot be transported to routine practice settings.
Q2) Parent Management Training PMT)involves reducing the child's oppositional behaviour by
A)modifying the child's social environment.
B)working directly with the child.
C)modifying parental expectation.
D)promoting parents' attachment behaviours.
Q3) Which of the following is most accurate regarding the progression of Oppositional Defiant Disorder ODD)and Conduct Disorder CD)?
A)ODD often precedes CD.
B)CD often precedes ODD.
C)ODD and CD generally are not typically related.
D)ODD rarely progresses to CD.
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Chapter 14: Intervention: Identifying Key Elements of Change
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Sample Questions
Q1) The average effect size difference between therapies shown to be effective is approximately
A)d = 0.
B)d = .2.
C)d = .4.
D)d = .6
Q2) Weinberger's 1995)review of the literature on common factors found that
A)there was little agreement on what the common factors actually are.
B)all therapeutic success could be explained by these factors.
C)most proponents of the common factors theory had been misinformed.
D)there was very good agreement on particular common factors.
Q3) In terms of psychological reactance,low-reactant clients usually experience greater therapeutic gains in ____ directive treatment,and high-reactant clients usually experience greater therapeutic gains in ____ directive treatment.
A)more; less
B)less; more
C)less; less
D)more; more
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Chapter 15: Health Psychology, clinical Neuropsychology, and Forensic Psychology
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Q1) Conducted by clinical neuropsychologists,_________ assessment is specifically designed to balance the need for autonomy with the need for protection,and requires an understanding of the ways in which functioning can be impaired by injury and degenerative processes.
A)legal
B)deterioration
C)capacity
D)traumatic brain injury
Q2) Which test is widely considered a useful tool in evaluating cognitive functioning?
A)The Reitan-Luria battery.
B)The Luria-Halstead battery.
C)The Halstead-Morin battery.
D)The Halstead-Reitan battery.
Q3) The most common disabilities for children are ____________.
A)chronic pain and mobility limitations
B)chronic pain and learning disabilities
C)chronic health conditions and learning disabilities
D)chronic health conditions and chronic pain
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