Advanced Therapeutic Exercise Exam Practice Tests
Course Introduction
Advanced Therapeutic Exercise explores the theory and application of specialized exercise interventions for individuals recovering from injury or managing chronic conditions. The course delves into evidence-based methods for designing, progressing, and modifying therapeutic exercise programs, with a focus on restoring optimal function, enhancing performance, and preventing re-injury. Emphasis is placed on neuromuscular control, functional movement patterns, patient assessment, and outcome measurement. Through a combination of lectures, case studies, and practical sessions, students develop advanced skills in exercise prescription and learn to integrate clinical reasoning into patient-specific rehabilitation strategies.
Recommended Textbook
Essentials of Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy 4th Edition by Ellen Hillegass
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22 Chapters
681 Verified Questions
681 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Anatomy of the Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Systems
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30 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) The point at which the nerves,vessels,and primary bronchi penetrate the parenchyma of each lung is termed the:
A)root.
B)fissure.
C)hilus.
D)segment.
Answer: C
Q2) Occlusion of the circumflex artery MOST likely causes an infarction in which of the following regions within the heart?
A)SA node in the right atrium
B)Lateral aspect of the left ventricle
C)Anterior aspect of the left ventricle
D)Inferior portion of the left ventricle
Answer: B
Q3) Which of the following cells are involved in the production of surfactant?
A)Granular pneumocytes
B)Squamous pneumocytes
C)Endothelial cells
D)Serous cells
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Physiology of the Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) In patients with congestive heart failure,which of the following positions should be avoided to minimize the preload on a failing heart?
A)Sitting up in a bedside chair
B)Standing at a support surface
C)Semireclined on an exercise mat
D)Supine with lower extremities elevated
Answer: D
Q2) The maximum amount of air that can be inhaled after a normal tidal exhalation is termed:
A)inspiratory reserve volume.
B)expiratory reserve volume.
C)inspiratory capacity.
D)vital capacity.
Answer: C
Q3) The BEST indicator of cardiac function is:
A)stroke volume.
B)end-diastolic volume.
C)ejection fraction.
D)end-systolic volume.
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Ischemic Cardiovascular Conditions and Other Vascular Pathologies
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following factors is defined as a type of amino acid found in blood that when elevated has been linked to increased risk for development of cardiovascular diseases?
A)C-reactive protein
B)Homocysteine
C)Factor VII
D)Lipoprotein a (Lpa)
Answer: B
Q2) A 72-year-old male arrives for a physical therapy evaluation for treatment of his low back pain.The patient has a history of peripheral vascular disease,diabetes,and hypercholesteremia.He reports leg pain and fatigue with walking.The physical therapist feels it is appropriate to include a vascular screen and testing in the evaluation.Which of the following signs/symptoms would be MOST indicative of an abdominal aortic aneurysm?
A)Fatigue with walking
B)Numbness in the lower extremities
C)Pulsating mass in the abdominal area
D)High blood pressure at rest
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Cardiac Muscle Dysfunction and Failure
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33 Verified Questions
33 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following categories of cardiomyopathy is characterized by rapid ventricular emptying and high ejection fraction?
A)Dilated cardiomyopathy
B)Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
C)Restrictive cardiomyopathy
D)Idiopathic cardiomyopathy
Q2) According to the Frank-Starling mechanism,an insignificant ventricular end-diastolic volume will result in which of the following changes in heart function?
A)Increase in stretch of the myocardium
B)Decrease in ventricular mechanical performance
C)No change in filling pressure
D)Increase in stroke volume producing elevated blood pressure
Q3) Natriuretic peptides are released by cardiac muscle in response to increased stretch due to high filling or atrial pressures or cardiac dilation to produce which of the following affects?
A)Stimulation of rennin and aldosterone
B)Arterio- and venoconstriction
C)Reduced blood volume through natriuresis
D)Stimulation of vascular smooth muscle
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Restrictive Lung Dysfunction
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40 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following specific types of pneumonia is considered a fungal pneumonia and is closely associated with AIDS?
A)Haemophilus influenzae
B)Klebsiella pneumoniae
C)Pneumocystis carinii
D)Chlamydia psittaci
Q2) A patient who is status postsurgical repair of a right hip fracture is at risk for thrombus formation and potentially pulmonary emboli.Which of the following interventions would be BEST recommended to this patient following discharge home to prevent a deep vein thrombus?
A)Pneumatic calf compression
B)Regular ambulation throughout the day
C)Passive stretch of the calf on the surgical limb
D)Elevation of the lower extremities
Q3) The key to medical treatment of pneumonia is which of the following?
A)Determining if it is community acquired or nosocomial
B)Identifying the microbe (virus versus bacteria)
C)Identifying specific risk factors
D)Determining the area of lung affected
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following conditions is associated with local bronchiectasis?
A)Chronic aspiration
B)Radiation fibrosis
C)Inhaled peanut
D)Cystic fibrosis
Q2) Which of the following physical examination test results is considered a hallmark of asthma?
A)Reduction in forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV ).
B)FEV /FVC ratio is low.
C)Maximum mid-expiratory flows (25% to 75% of FVC)is reduced.
D)Improvement in FEV >12% after bronchodilator administration.
Q3) The finding of hyper-resonant sounds due to lung hyperinflation is associated with which of the following physical examination tests?
A)Auscultation
B)Percussion
C)Palpation
D)Observation
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8
Chapter 7: Cardiopulmonary Implications of Specific Diseases
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35 Verified Questions
35 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following hormones MOST likely functions to reduce energy intake and induce weight loss?
A)Leptin
B)Ghrelin
C)Neuropeptide Y
D)Orexin
Q2) A patient with type II diabetes mellitus has arrived in your clinic today for aerobic training on a treadmill.Prior to any exercise,blood sugar was 250 mg/dL,no ketones were detected,and insulin dose was taken.How should the physical therapist proceed?
A)Recommend that the patient not to exercise and reschedule the appointment.
B)If the patient feels good,proceed with low-intensity exercise for 10 minutes and recheck the blood sugar.
C)Proceed with the patient's normal routine of exercise and recheck the blood sugar post exercise.
D)Have the patient sit and rest in the clinic and recheck the blood sugar 30 minutes later.
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Chapter 8: Cardiovascular Diagnostic Tests and Procedures
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following biomarkers is MOST conclusive for myocardial injury?
A)CK-MB
B)CK-MM
C)CK-BB
D)All of the above
Q2) An imaging modality that detects calcium in the coronary arteries and is a noninvasive method to detect and quantify coronary atherosclerosis BEST describes which of the following?
A)Computed tomography
B)Single-photon emission computed tomography
C)Electron beam computed tomography
D)Magnetic resonance imaging
Q3) Which of the following factors enhance the safety of exercise testing?
A)Knowledge of when to exclude a patient
B)Knowledge of when to terminate an exercise test
C)Knowledge and skills to react to an abnormal response
D)All of the above
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Electrocardiography
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following ECG leads should be scanned to look for the presence of ventricular hypertrophy?
A)V1,V2,V3
B)V4,V5,V6
C)V1,V5,V6
D)I,II,aVR
Q2) When a therapist is assessing the cardiac cycle for rhythm and rate disturbances,which of the following assessment approaches is used to evaluate the P-R interval?
A)Is the duration between 0.12 and 0.20 second?
B)Is the duration between 0.06 and 0.10 second?
C)Is it regular?
D)Does one occur before every QRS?
Q3) Which of the following types of myocytes have the highest rate of rhythmicity?
A)Mechanical myocytes
B)Nodal myocytes
C)Transitional myocytes
D)Purkinje cells
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Chapter 10: Pulmonary Diagnostic Tests and Procedures
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following partial pressure of CO values is a primary indication for ventilator failure?
A)Partial pressure CO = 35
B)Partial pressure CO = 40
C)Partial pressure CO = 45
D)Partial pressure CO = 55
Q2) Forced vital capacity (FVC)is defined BEST by which of the following statements?
A)The volume of air exhaled over the middle half of the maximum flow
B)The average expiratory flow during the early phase of exhalation
C)The maximum volume of gas the person can exhale forcefully and quickly
D)The maximum flow that occurs at any point in time during exhalation
Q3) A patient has the following arterial blood gas values:pH = 7.33,PaCO = 35,PaO = 80,and HCO - = 18.Which of the following statements is the MOST accurate interpretation?
A)Uncompensated metabolic acidosis
B)Uncompensated respiratory acidosis
C)Partially compensated metabolic acidosis
D)Partially compensated respiratory acidosis
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Cardiovascular and Thoracic Interventions
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Sample Questions
Q1) A patient who is status post-abdominal aortic aneurysm repair will be at high risk for pulmonary complications.Which of the following interventions would BEST address pulmonary risk?
A)Encourage the patient to walk in the hall.
B)Encourage the patient to rest with the head of the bed elevated to 45 degrees.
C)Encourage the patient to cough,huff,or deep breathe while splinting with a pillow.
D)Encourage the patient to perform low-intensity arm and leg resistance exercise in bed.
Q2) Which of the following revascularization procedures is the BEST option when all three vessels of the coronary arterial supply are severely occluded?
A)Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
B)Directional coronary arthrectomy
C)Endoluminal stent
D)Coronary artery bypass graft
Q3) Patients with claudication pain after a peripheral vascular intervention have better long-term outcomes and fewer amputations?
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Thoracic Organ Transplantation: Heart, Heart
Lung, and Lung
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Sample Questions
Q1) As part of the transplant evaluation team,which of the following evaluative procedures is MOST likely completed by the physical therapist?
A)Social history (smoking,alcohol,and drugs)
B)Ideal body weight caloric intake
C)Psychosocial assessment
D)Exercise tolerance test and exercise prescription
Q2) Which of the following monitoring tools is BEST to assess a heart transplant patient's initial response to increases in activity?
A)Monitor heart rate
B)Rating of perceived exertion
C)Pulse oximetry
D)Blood pressure
Q3) Which of the following goals is appropriate at discharge of a lung transplant recipient?
A)The patient will be modified independent with basic activities of daily living.
B)The patient will demonstrate independence in secretion clearance.
C)The patient will demonstrate a 10% increase in the 6-minute walk distance.
D)All of the above goals are appropriate for a lung transplant recipient.
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Chapter 13: Monitoring and Life Support Equipment
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32 Verified Questions
32 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The pulmonary artery end-diastolic pressure measured by a Swan-Ganz catheter is essentially equal to which of the following cardiac pressures?
A)Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure
B)Left atrial pressure
C)Right atrial pressure
D)Systolic pressure
Q2) Which of the following masks is typically used in conjunction with a nebulizer to humidify the gas being administered?
A)Nasal cannula
B)Simple mask
C)Aerosol mask
D)Venturi mask
Q3) Which of the following values BEST reflects normal adult systolic blood pressure at rest?
A)150 to 165 mm Hg
B)140 to 150 mm Hg
C)90 to 135 mm Hg
D)75 to 90 mm Hg
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15
Chapter 14: Cardiovascular Medications
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a heart transplant patient,rejection that occurs in days to weeks after transplantation and is associated with an antibody BEST describes which of the following rejection types?
A)Hyperacute rejection
B)Acute cellular rejection
C)Acute humoral or vascular rejection
D)Chronic rejection
Q2) A patient who is prescribed a combination of diuretics for hypertension should be monitored for symptoms associated with which of the following abnormalities before,during,or after an exercise session?
A)Hypotension
B)Arrhythmias
C)Altered mental status
D)All of the above
Q3) Which of the following factors contribute to compliance of a prescribed drug regimen?
A)Cost of the drugs
B)Poorly tolerated side effects and undesirable interactions
C)Difficulty with a complicated regimen
D)A prescriber who is sensitive to noncompliance factors
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Chapter 15: Pulmonary Medications
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Sample Questions
Q1) Chronotropic is defined as which of the following?
A)Enhanced heart rate
B)Enhanced myocardial contractility
C)Lowered heart rate
D)Diminished systemic vascular resistance
Q2) A spacer added onto a metered dose inhaler provides which of the following advantages?
A)Provides a mouthpiece to place in mouth.
B)Allows the person to inhale slowly and deeply one to two times.
C)Increases the speed of aerosol delivery.
D)All of the above.
Q3) Which of the following medications is used clinically with a patient who may be struggling,fighting,or experiencing increased work of breathing while being mechanically ventilated?
A)Morphine
B)Valium
C)Neuromuscular blocking drugs
D)All of the above
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Chapter 16: Examination and Assessment Procedures
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following symptoms should be considered a cardiac symptom until cardiac dysfunction is ruled out?
A)Chest tightness or pressure
B)Shortness of breath
C)Burning or indigestion
D)All of the above
Q2) A patient is determined to have a low PaO ,but >60 mm Hg on room air at the beginning of a physical therapy session.Which of the following actions should be implemented by the physical therapist regarding exercise during that same session?
A)Exercise is contraindicated with this patient.
B)If the patient tolerates,encourage low-intensity exercise and monitor symptoms.
C)Call the physician to discuss the patient's need for supplemental oxygen during exercise.
D)The patient should be referred back to the physician and resume when cleared.
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18
Chapter 17: Interventions for Acute Cardiopulmonary Conditions
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Sample Questions
Q1) A patient with pulmonary infection and excessive secretions in multiple segments is able to tolerate only one or two postural drainage (PD)positions in one session.Which of the following modifications to treatment should the physical therapist implement to increase the effectiveness of this pulmonary intervention?
A)The clinician should vary the postural drainage positions in subsequent sessions in order to drain all affected lung segments.
B)Coordinate postural drainage with turning schedules for skin protection.
C)Ask the nursing staff to assist with some postural drainage positions during bathing.
D)All of the above.
Q2) Which of the following conditions is LEAST likely to be a precaution for percussion and vibration airway clearance technique?
A)Osteoporosis
B)Rib fractures
C)Recent head trauma
D)Recent pacemaker placement
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Chapter 18: Interventions and Prevention Measures for
Individuals With Cardiovascular Disease, or Risk of Disease
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Q1) Which of the following outcomes categories would be considered a measure of the clinical domain?
A)Functional capacity
B)Smoking cessation
C)Quality of life
D)Patient satisfaction
Q2) Which of the following factors would be considered a modifiable risk factor to target in a primary prevention program for cardiovascular disease?
A)Male gender
B)Family history of coronary artery disease
C)Age
D)Elevated cholesterol level
Q3) Which of the following factors should the physical therapist consider when prescribing frequency and duration of exercise for a patient in cardiac rehabilitation?
A)How long the patient has been disabled with the condition
B)How much has the patient's activity been reduced by the acute event
C)The patient's premorbid activity level and capability
D)All of the above should be considered for the individualized program
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Chapter 19: Pulmonary Rehabilitation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following precautions is MOST appropriate to recommend for a patient with lung disease and osteoporosis?
A)Avoid arm ergometry.
B)Avoid Valsalva maneuver.
C)Perform bilateral arm movement instead of unilateral movement.
D)Avoid high workloads on a stationary bicycle.
Q2) A patient with severe lung disease is prescribed an exercise program that consists of interval training with short exercise bouts and rests.Which of the following methods would be MOST appropriate for this patient to advance the aerobic training workload?
A)Decreasing the number of bouts
B)Increasing the length of the exercise bout
C)Increasing the number of rest periods
D)Adding a light load (weighted vest)to the patient during exercise
Q3) Which of the following outcomes is MOST associated with improvement in exercise capacity?
A)Timed distance walk tests
B)Use of a visual analog scale to measure dyspnea
C)Measurement of carbon monoxide levels
D)The evaluation of fatigue
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Page 21
Chapter 20: Pediatric Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following physiological changes related to cardiovascular/endurance training would NOT be considered a reason to terminate the exercise?
A)Pale or ashen appearance
B)Dyspnea score of 2
C)Heart rate greater than 80% of maximal heart rate
D)Oxygen saturation below 90%
Q2) The child's experiences during therapy may be affected by which of the following family situations?
A)Family may be from out of town and staying in a hotel.
B)A parent may have quit his or her job to be a caregiver.
C)Other children may exist and need the attention of parents.
D)All of the above may affect the child's experiences.
Q3) Which of the following conditions is considered an absolute contraindication to high-frequency chest wall oscillation (HFCWC)?
A)Lung contusion
B)Bronchospasm
C)Burns,open wounds,and skin infections of the thorax
D)Unstable Back injury
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22
Chapter 21: The Lymphatic System
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Q1) Which of the following imaging methods of the lymphatic system has the capability to measure both superficial and deep lymph fluid movement,lymph node uptake speeds,while a patient exercises on a treadmill?
A)Direct lymphography
B)Lymphoscintigraphy
C)Magnetic resonance imaging
D)Fluorescent microlymphography
Q2) Thickened skinfold of the digits on the dorsum of the foot is termed which of the following?
A)Elephantiasis
B)Lipedema
C)Stemmer sign
D)Pitting edema
Q3) Which of the following lymphedema prevention strategies is MOST related to the integumentary system?
A)Avoid having blood pressure taken if possible on the "limb at risk."
B)Avoid sudden heavy lifting.
C)Avoid punctures such as injections or blood draws.
D)Avoid exposure to extreme cold.
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Chapter 22: Outcome Measures:a Guide for the Evidence
Based Practice of Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy
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Q1) Which of the following variables collected at the time of a patient's initial evaluation is considered a demographic data factor?
A)Blood pressure
B)Hemodynamic regulation
C)Blood lipid levels
D)Comorbidities
Q2) The Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS)prefers quality measures to focus on which of the following areas?
A)Psychological function
B)Patient satisfaction
C)Transition of the patient across settings
D)Length of stay
Q3) The amount of change a clinician needs to see in an outcome measurement to determine if true clinical change has been attained refers to which of the following terms?
A)Minimally clinically important difference
B)Minimal detectable change
C)Sensitivity
D)Reliability
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