Advanced Social Psychology Study Guide
Questions
Course Introduction
Advanced Social Psychology delves into the complex processes that shape human social behavior, cognition, and emotion in group and interpersonal contexts. This course offers an in-depth examination of contemporary theories and empirical research on topics such as social perception, attitude formation and change, social influence, group dynamics, prejudice and discrimination, prosocial behavior, and aggression. Emphasis is placed on critical analysis of landmark and recent studies, methodological approaches, and applications of social psychological principles to real-world issues. Students develop the skills necessary to interpret research findings, design studies, and evaluate the interplay between individual and societal factors affecting social behavior.
Recommended Textbook
Social Psychology 9th Edition by Elliot Aronson
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16 Chapters
2963 Verified Questions
2963 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Introducing Social Psychology
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184 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the authors of your text, in the experiment on self-fulfilling prophecies by Rosenthal and Jacobson (1968), teachers were told that children labeled as "bloomers" were ________, when in fact they were merely chosen at random.
A) ready to perform well
B) going to require a lot of attention to reach their full potential
C) a little delayed, but would do well near the end of the school year
D) going to perform poorly until they became comfortable in the classroom
Answer: A
Q2) Nanami and April were playing in the den when April's mother entered the room and scolded them for making a mess.Nanami decided then and there that April's mother was a grouch.Nanami's inference is an example of
A) the fundamental attribution error.
B) availability.
C) automatic thinking.
D) a self-fulfilling prophecy.
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Methodology: How Social Psychologists Do Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) In order to examine the prevalence of drug use in several different generations of Americans, a researcher decides to collect the lyrics from the fifty most popular songs from each decade, 1940-2010, and to code those lyrics for how often drug-related themes were present.Which of the following methods is this researcher using?
A) correlational
B) observational
C) archival
D) cross-sectional
Answer: C
Q2) A researcher interested in testing a ________ hypothesis would be most likely to conduct an experiment.
A) descriptive
B) correlational
C) causal
D) theoretical
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Social Cognition: How We Think About the Social World
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235 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Research by Kahneman and Tversky (1973) presented by the authors of your text found that people do not use base rate information sufficiently, and pay more attention to
A) how well the information they have about a person represents a certain category. B) the extent to which people seem to resemble someone familiar.
C) actual statistical data about base rates.
D) physical characteristics and categories.
Answer: A
Q2) What is automatic thinking, and what are the two major types of automatic thinking that people use?
Answer: Automatic thinking is nonconscious, unintentional, involuntary, and relatively effortless. Two major forms of automatic thinking are schemas and heuristics. Schemas are mental structures that people use to organize their knowledge about the social world. They are often activated without awareness and without intent. When we cannot immediately process information with an existing schema, we use heuristics, or mental shortcut strategies, to solve problems and to determine which schema is most applicable. Heuristics, too, are often used automatically, unconsciously, and unintentionally.
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Social Perception: How We Come to Understand
Other People
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Sample Questions
Q1) Samuel, a fifth grader, had to write an essay about how wonderful the mayor was and how much good he had done for the town.Samuel's dad was very upset with him after reading the essay because his dad didn't really like the mayor.Samuel's dad was mad that Samuel disagreed with him, even when Samuel told him he was forced to write the essay.Samuel is in a similar situation as participants in Jones and Harris (1967) study.Samuel's dad is
A) overusing distinctiveness information.
B) making the fundamental attribution error.
C) making a self-serving attribution.
D) using a consensus effect.
Q2) Recall that even when participants in an experiment conducted by Jones and Harris (1967) were told that people were assigned to write an essay sympathetic to Cuban dictator Fidel Castro, they still were willing to assume that the essay reflected the writer's true "pro-Castro" attitudes.These findings illustrate
A) the power of distinctiveness information.
B) the fundamental attribution error.
C) a self-serving attribution.
D) a consensus effect.
Q3) Define the fundamental attribution error and discuss why it occurs.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: The Self: Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context
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190 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) "My happiness depends on the happiness of those around me" and "I enjoy being unique and different from others in many respects" are two items from Singelis's (1994) scale, which was designed to measure individual differences in
A) self-esteem.
B) cooperation and competition.
C) private and public self-consciousness.
D) independence and interdependence.
Q2) States that were settled ______ by European Americans tend to have a more independent view of the self.
A)more recently
B)a long time ago
C)predominantly
D)only
Q3) Robert has an important exam the next day.However, instead of studying for his exam, Robert is out at a party and drinking until the early morning hours.What social-psychological construct can explain Robert's behavior and why would he do this?
Q4) A recent meta-analysis has shown gender differences in aspects of self-esteem.What are these differences and in what areas do they occur?
Page 7
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Chapter 6: The Need to Justify Our Actions: the Costs and Benefits
of Dissonance Reduction
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197 Verified Questions
197 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) You've recently learned that eating avocados, which you love, is bad for your health.To reduce the dissonance you experience after reading this news, you would most likely
A) question the validity of the research and the integrity of the scientists.
B) consume a larger quantity of avocados.
C) tell all of your friends about the findings.
D) reread the article more carefully.
Q2) The new governor hires you to devise a plan to stop bullying in the schools.Based on the principle of insufficient punishment, what might be a good way to punish bullies?
A)After the first offense, dismiss them from school for the day.
B)A "three strikes, you're out" policy in which the first two incidents go unpunished, but the third leads to expulsion and being placed in a juvenile detention center.
C)Physically punish them by letting teachers slap them with yardsticks.
D)Tell teachers to give a mild punishment that barely gets the bully to stop the behavior and to be consistent with this mild punishment.
Q3) What is counterattitudinal advocacy? How is it related to notions of internal and external justification?
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Attitudes and Attitude Change: Influencing
Thoughts and Feelings
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Sample Questions
Q1) "Don't bother me with the so-called facts," asserts your Uncle Joe."If it's good enough for Barack Obama, it's good enough for me." Which of the following statements about your Uncle Joe is most likely true? He will
A) note inconsistencies in Obama's arguments.
B) process Obama's messages systematically.
C) continue to hold enduring attitudes toward Obama's policies.
D) pay less attention to what Obama says, and more attention to how he says it.
Q2) In most stores, owners provide background music for shoppers.Now, this music may not be to everyone's taste, but from the perspective of social psychologists who study routes to persuasion, it is probably designed to ________, and thus to ________.
A) distract them; ensure they spend more time in the store
B) put them in a bad mood; make them want to spend their money as quickly as possible
C) put them in a good mood; make products more attractive to them
D) distract them; get them to forget to use their money-saving coupons
Q3) Describe the theory of planned behavior as it relates to the power of attitudes to predict deliberative behaviors.
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Conformity: Influencing Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) Imagine that you are on the Olympics Planning Committee.Nine out of 10 of the committee members hold the same opinions.However, one member, Laura, consistently deviates from the group's opinion.How is your group most likely to act toward Laura to bring her in line with the group's opinion? The group will
A) first increase communication with Laura.When that doesn't work, the group will ignore and punish Laura.
B) immediately punish Laura to force her to change her opinion.
C) ignore Laura and refuse to communicate with her.If this tactic fails, the group will punish Laura.
D) nominate Laura to be the chair of the committee.
Q2) In a conversation before class, you find that you are the only person in your group to favor tuition increases.The other five students with whom you are talking strongly oppose tuition increases.What might you do to persuade them of your point of view? What form of social influence would you rely on?
Q3) Explain how both informational conformity and normative conformity could contribute to eating disorders in women.
Q4) Give examples from your life of the two types of social norms.Be sure to include a definition of each.
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Group Processes: Influence in Social Groups
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Sample Questions
Q1) What are the two reasons why deindividuation leads to more deviant behavior?
A) People feel less accountable, and people are more likely to obey even deviant group norms.
B) People feel less accountable, and people use others to shoulder the blame.
C) People become frustrated, and people feel less accountable for acting on their frustration.
D) People pay less attention to their environment, and people feel anonymous in a group.
Q2) What is group polarization? Make sure to describe the cognitive and motivational factors that contribute to group polarization.
Q3) Decision-making groups are most likely to share unique information when A) their task is simple.
B) the leader is relationship-oriented.
C) they know they are the only ones tasked with knowing diagnostic information. D) groups seek consensus.
Q4) What is negotiation? What are integrative solutions? What factors work against integrative solutions when opponents negotiate?
Q5) Compare and contrast deindividuation and social loafing.
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Chapter 10: Interpersonal Attraction: From First Impressions to Close Relationships
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to social exchange theory, ________ refers to people's expectations about the rewards and punishments they are likely to receive in a particular relationship. A) relational outcome
B) response contingencies
C) comparison level
D) comparison level for alternatives
Q2) Studies of the "what is beautiful is good" stereotype support all of the following EXCEPT that the "what is beautiful is good" stereotype
A) is found across different cultures.
B) affects judgments about peoples' morality.
C) has a "kernel of truth" in that beautiful people may indeed be more socially competent.
D) differs somewhat across cultures in a way consistent with the culture's individualistic or collectivist values.
Q3) Ellen and Grace have an equitable relationship.Describe what that would be like, and what would be some consequences of relationship inequities.
Q4) In what sense is the concept of romantic love culture-specific?
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Chapter 11: Prosocial Behavior: Why Do People Help
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171 Verified Questions
171 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The "feel good, do good" effect in studies of prosocial behavior refers to the idea that
A) helping puts people in a good mood.
B) people in a good mood are more likely to help.
C) in adults, helping is self-reinforcing.
D) helping in emergencies relieves distress.
Q2) In research presented in the text, participants were exposed to a lecture on social-psychological factors that inhibit helping.Later, these participants were put into a potential helping situation.The results suggest that
A) participants who learned about factors which inhibit helping were more likely to help.
B) participants who learned about factors which inhibit helping were less likely to help.
C) learning about factors which inhibit helping has no effect on helping behavior.
D) learning about factors which inhibit helping can increase helping behavior, depending on the participant's personality.
Q3) Briefly summarize the social exchange perspective of helping behavior.
Q4) Discuss the role of media in helping.
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Chapter 12: Aggression: Why Do We Hurt Other People Can
We Prevent It
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199 Verified Questions
199 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Riots do occur more often on hot days than on cool days.The hotter the day in a number of cities, the more violent crimes occur.These results suggest that discomfort can lead to aggression.However, such results should be interpreted with caution because
A) representative samples were not secured by the researchers.
B) some third variable might account for the relation.
C) researchers only studied violent aggression.
D) researchers limited themselves to the United States.
Q2) In which of the following situations is frustration LEAST likely to result in aggression?
A) Your friend sprained her ankle, and cannot help you move, as promised.
B) A telemarketer interrupts your dinner to sell you a magazine subscription.
C) A woman grabs you and says "Hey, slow down," as you rush to catch your train.
D) The parking lot is full, and a driver pulls around you to take the parking place for which you've been waiting.
Q3) ________ is to aggression as ________ is to peaceable solutions.
A) Frustration; release
B) Lack of social skills; communication training
C) Assertiveness; compromise
D) Punishment; reinforcement
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Prejudice: Causes Consequences and Cures
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168 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Ken needs help with his algebra homework.He looks around the room at his new roommates and blurts out, "Hiro, you're good at math, right? You can help me with my homework." Because Hiro is Japanese American, Ken assumes he's good at math.This represents a(n)
A) microaggression.
B) prejudice.
C) discrimination.
D) scapegoat.
Q2) A cashier at the store assumes that because his next customer is elderly, she will take a long time to pay.The cashier is using his stereotypes about the elderly and not taking the time or energy to carefully consider each customer in his line as an individual.His use of stereotypes best exemplifies Allport's idea of A) the contact hypothesis.
B) the law of least effort.
C) scapegoating.
D) natural prejudice.
Q3) In what ways do self-fulfilling prophecies contribute to prejudice and negative stereotypes?
Q4) Describe the role of normative conformity in the societal problem of prejudice.
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Chapter 14: Making a Difference With Social Psychology: Attaining a Sustainable Future
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is out of place?
A) satisfying relationships
B) making lots of money
C) engaging in something you enjoy
D) helping others
Q2) Dr.Lewis wants to determine which type of intervention is the most effective at increasing the number of carpoolers in the state.According to your text, what type of research design would best answer this question?
A) computer model
B) correlational
C) experiment
D) naturalistic observation
Q3) Recently, a new psychological intervention has been publicized in the media and hailed as a surefire way to eliminate bullying in schools.The local school board has asked you to assess and evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention.Explain how you would do this.
Q4) Littering has become an increasingly serious problem on your campus.As a member of a student government committee, what recommendations would you make to reduce littering? Make sure to mention the role of norms.
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Social Psychology and Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is FALSE?
A) People with fatal illnesses such as AIDS and terminal cancer may still maintain a sense of control over the consequences of their illness.
B) When a disease is poorly understood (e.g., AIDS), people in the culture may come to see it as a sign of moral weakness.
C) A sense of perceived control fosters psychological adjustment to serious illness.
D) A sense of perceived control affects only psychological adjustment and has no effect on physical symptoms.
Q2) With regard to gender differences in coping strategies, male is to female as fight-or-flight is to
A) talk-and-walk.
B) care-and-share.
C) tend-and-befriend.
D) shop-'til-you-drop.
Q3) Describe the gender differences in coping styles.Discuss why such a difference might exist, and what the implications for health are.
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Chapter 16: Social Psychology and the Law
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Sample Questions
Q1) Recall that Loftus and her colleagues (1978) showed participants a series of slides that depicted an automobile accident.Some participants saw a yield sign in the photos and other participants saw a stop sign.Later, participants were asked questions that contained information that either did or did not match what they had actually seen (i.e., a stop sign versus a yield sign).Results demonstrated that participants were LEAST accurate in remembering what they had actually seen when A) they had a very short time to view the slide series.
B) question contents contradicted what they had actually seen.
C) question contents reflected what they had actually seen.
D) they reported what they had seen after being questioned, rather than before.
Q2) To make lineups more accurate, why should police officers tell witnesses that the lineup may not include the suspect?
A) because it is difficult for witnesses to admit that the culprit is not present
B) because the witnesses may be afraid
C) to increase their feeling of confidence in their decision
D) to get them to pay attention to the instructions they are given
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