Advanced Social Psychology Final Exam
Course Introduction
Advanced Social Psychology explores the complex mechanisms underlying human behavior within social contexts. This course delves into contemporary theories and empirical research on topics such as social cognition, group dynamics, attitudes and persuasion, prejudice and discrimination, interpersonal relationships, and the influence of culture on behavior. Emphasis is placed on critical evaluation of research methodologies, advanced experimental design, and the application of psychological principles to real-world issues. Through discussions, case studies, and independent projects, students develop a nuanced understanding of how individuals and groups interact, influence, and are influenced by the broader social environment.
Recommended Textbook
THINK Social Psychology 1st Canadian Edition by Kimberley Duff
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Page 2
Chapter 1: What Is Social Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Serena always plays her violin better in front of an audience than during her practice sessions. Identify and define this phenomenon.
Answer: The phenomenon described is known as performance anxiety or stage fright. This is when a person experiences increased stress and nervousness when performing in front of an audience, compared to when they are practicing alone. This can lead to a decrease in performance quality and confidence during the actual performance. It is a common experience for many performers and can be managed through various techniques such as deep breathing, visualization, and positive self-talk.
Q2) Kurt Lewin attempted to convince people to switch from eating white bread to eating wheat bread. When participants were asked to make a public commitment, he found that:
A) participants refused to eat wheat bread when the commitment was public rather than private.
B) participants continued to eat white bread when the commitment was in writing rather than verbal.
C) participants continued to eat the bread they preferred prior to the study.
D) participants displayed a stronger commitment to the change to wheat bread.
Answer: D
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Page 3
Chapter 2: The Science of Social Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Laurie hypothesizes that women will be more likely than men to hold a door open for others. She decides to watch people coming in and out of a local coffee shop, recording the sex of each individual who holds the door open for another person. Laurie is conducting what type of research?
A) Experimental research
B) Naturalistic observation
C) Archival research
D) Correlational research
Answer: B
Q2) Prior to beginning your search for literature on your research topic, you should do which of the following?
A) Search Wikipedia for preliminary information on your topic
B) Identify key words relevant to your topic
C) Search personal blogs to familiarize yourself with the topic
D) Collect the data for your study
Answer: B
Q3) A single-blind study would be used to reduce experimenter bias.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 3: Social Cognition
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Sample Questions
Q1) Katherine believes she will earn a higher salary than her classmates once she's out of university and that she is less likely to incur any financial problems. Katherine is exhibiting:
A) the optimistic bias.
B) the illusion of control.
C) counterfactual thinking.
D) optimal thinking.
Answer: A
Q2) Research on the negativity bias suggests what about how we process negative information compared with positive information?
A) Positive information sticks out in our minds more than negative information.
B) We are more sensitive to negative information than positive information.
C) We are more likely to remember positive information than negative information.
D) We give equal weight to positive and negative information.
Answer: B
Q3) Define schema and provide an example.
Answer: not answered
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Chapter 4: The Self
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Sample Questions
Q1) A group that we consider ourselves to be a part of is known as a(n)
A) group
B) ingroup
C) outgroup
D) assembly
Q2) We want others to see us as we see ourselves, but not if we hold a negative view of the self.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Jill wants her new sorority sisters to like her so she compliments them on their hair and clothing. Jill is using what strategy to manage other people's impressions of her?
A) Upward social comparison
B) Unrealistic optimism
C) Ingratiation
D) Self-serving attribution
Q4) Compare and contrast BIRGing and CORFing. When would you be more likely to engage in BIRGing and when would you be more likely to engage in CORFing?
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Social Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) When one positive thing is known or believed about a target person, we tend to infer that the individual is positive overall and thus has other positive features. This is termed:
A) the halo effect.
B) what is beautiful is good effect.
C) spontaneous trait inference.
D) the actor-observer effect.
Q2) Research by Ross, Amabile, & Steinmetz (1977) found that individuals who were randomly assigned to be "questioners" were perceived as being ________ relative to those assigned to be "respondents" on a series of general knowledge questions.
A) more intelligent
B) less intelligent
C) more authoritarian
D) less authoritarian
Q3) We make inferences about others based on nonverbal cues because ________.
A) people often prefer to communicate nonverbally rather than verbally
B) nonverbal cues are always more reliable than verbal cues
C) people often do not disclose their true motives, thoughts, or feelings
D) nonverbal cues are interpreted the same way across different situations
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Chapter 6: Attitudes
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Sample Questions
Q1) Observational learning is another name for:
A) modelling.
B) unconscious learning.
C) classic conditioning.
D) operant conditioning.
Q2) Lisa has a positive attitude toward working out at the gym. She goes to the gym to workout five days a week. This represents which component of her attitude?
A) Behaviour
B) Affect
C) Cognition
D) Both behaviour and affect
Q3) If our positive reaction is low and our negative reaction is low, it can be said that our attitude is ________.
A) indifferent
B) negative
C) ambivalent
D) positive
Q4) How can observational learning affect the formation of attitudes? Provide an example.
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Chapter 7: The Power of Persuasion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Suppose you are trying to persuade people to volunteer their time to help build houses this coming Saturday. Based on the commitment and consistency principle, which of the following represents the most effective strategy?
A) Leave a voicemail message describing the volunteer opportunity
B) Ask people to write their name on the volunteer sign-up sheet
C) Send people an email describing the volunteer opportunity
D) Send people a letter and email describing the volunteer opportunity
Q2) What is the sleeper effect? When is this effect less likely to occur?
Q3) A message promoting a new tax credit for first time home buyers is more likely to affect people who are thinking about buying their first home because:
A) they have higher outcome-relevant involvement.
B) they have significantly lower outcome-relevant involvement.
C) they have slightly lower outcome-relevant involvement.
D) they have lower outcome-relevant involvement and therefore are more likely to process information through the central route.
Q4) Describe high and low self-monitoring. Why is self-monitoring relevant to persuasion?
Q5) How might persuasion and the use of persuasion tactics differ across cultures?
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Chapter 8: Social Influence
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cialdini and his colleagues (1994) conducted an experiment where confederates either modelled littering or throwing a flyer in a trashcan. What were the findings?
A) People were more likely to litter when watching a confederate throw a flyer in a trashcan.
B) People were most likely to litter when watching a confederate litter in a clean environment.
C) People were least likely to litter when watching a confederate litter in a clean environment.
D) People did not litter in any environment, or in response to any confederate behaviour.
Q2) The door-in-the-face technique and the that's-not-all technique depend on the notion of:
A) obedience.
B) similarity.
C) scarcity.
D) reciprocity.
Q3) Describe two of the six principles of compliance described in your textbook and explain how they can be used to induce compliance.
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Chapter 9: The Power of the Group
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Sample Questions
Q1) Research suggests that as self-awareness decreases, ________ will likely increase.
A) evaluation apprehension
B) performance
C) deindividuation
D) social facilitation
Q2) In their work, both Norman Triplett and Max Ringlemann found that the presence of others increased performance.
A)True
B)False
Q3) When people come together to discuss their ideas for resolving conflicts, this is known as:
A) bargaining.
B) negotiation.
C) confrontation.
D) bargaining and negotiation.
Q4) Group membership is always intentional.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Name and describe the three factors that may lead to arousal.
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Chapter 10: Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe how gender prejudice and gender stereotypes are related. Be sure to define each concept in your answer.
Q2) Children with Williams Syndrome show abnormal activity in which part of the brain?
A) The amygdala
B) The brain stem
C) The occipital lobe
D) The hippocampus
Q3) Which of the following does NOT represent a strategy for reducing stereotypes and prejudice?
A) Provide better education
B) Increase interdependence between groups
C) Increase equal contact between members of different social groups
D) Increase competition for scarce resources
Q4) A negative learned attitude towards particular groups of people is best defined as: A) prejudice.
B) discrimination.
C) sexism.
D) racism.
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Chapter 11: Aggression
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to research presented in your book, what is the relationship between level of aggression in young boys and amount of testosterone?
A) Negative
B) Positive
C) Curvilinear
D) Nonsignificant
Q2) A psychologist by the name of ___________ developed social learning theory, which is also known as ___________.
A) Leonard Berkowitz; social cognitive theory
B) Albert Bandura; social cognitive theory
C) Konrad Lorenz; social cognitive theory
D) Albert Bandura; social comparison theory
Q3) Which of the following is an example of a distal factor that may lead to aggression, according to the general aggression model?
A) Mood
B) Media violence
C) Social stress
D) Provocation
Q4) Briefly name and describe two strategies for reducing aggression.
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Chapter 12: Attraction and Close Relationships
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Q1) Research findings on arranged marriages support which of the following statements?
A) Initially individuals in arranged marriages report more satisfaction in relationships than non-arranged marriages; they then report less satisfaction over time.
B) Individuals in arranged marriages report no difference in long-term satisfaction than non-arranged marriages.
C) Individuals in arranged marriages report less long-term satisfaction than non-arranged marriages.
D) Individuals in arranged marriages report more long-term satisfaction than non-arranged marriages.
Q2) Mere exposure often leads to an increased favourable response towards a stimulus in all of the following circumstances EXCEPT:
A) when you have an initial favourable reaction.
B) when you have an initial neutral reaction.
C) when you have an initial negative reaction.
D) when you have either an initial favorable or initial neutral reaction.
Q3) Describe John Gottman's (1994) four relationship conflict styles.
Q4) Define 'need for affiliation.'
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Prosocial Behaviour
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Sample Questions
Q1) Researchers investigating volunteers' motives for helping people with AIDS, tracking how long they continued to work, found that:
A) people with selfless motives continued to volunteer the longest.
B) people with selfless motives were only slightly more likely to volunteer for a longer length of time compared to people with selfish motives.
C) people with more selfish motives volunteered the longest.
D) there were no differences in the volunteer length between people with selfless and selfish motives.
Q2) If Chris was in a good mood and came across an elderly women who needed assistance, you would predict that he would be less likely to help so that he could maintain his good mood.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following is true regarding helping and attractiveness?
A) Men are more likely to help attractive women than unattractive women.
B) Women are more likely to help attractive women than unattractive women.
C) Women are more likely to help unattractive women than attractive women.
D) Men are more likely to help unattractive women than attractive women.
Q4) How could the enlightenment effect be useful for increasing prosocial behaviour?
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