Advanced Research Methods in Nursing Pre-Test Questions
Course Introduction
Advanced Research Methods in Nursing is designed to deepen students' understanding of qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-methods research approaches as they apply to nursing science. The course emphasizes the critical appraisal of current literature, formulation of research questions, study design, data collection and analysis techniques, and ethical considerations in research involving human subjects. Students will explore advanced statistical methods, instrument development, and strategies for translating research findings into evidence-based nursing practice. Through hands-on projects and critical appraisal, this course prepares nurses to contribute meaningfully to the advancement of healthcare knowledge and practice.
Recommended Textbook
Nursing Research in Canada 4th Edition by Geri
LoBiondo Wood
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Chapter 1: The Role of Research in Nursing
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Q1) Why do nurses who do not conduct research need to understand the nursing research process?
A) To identify potential participants for clinical research studies
B) To assist in collecting accurate data for clinical research studies
C) To teach patients and families about the usefulness of participation in research
D) To be able to evaluate nursing research reports for relevance to their own clinical practice
Answer: D
Q2) How does an international research perspective contribute to the discipline and science of nursing?
A) By unifying the definition of the term health
B) By increasing the dissemination potential of research findings
C) By emphasizing the cultural aspects of nursing care
D) By testing innovative and cost-effective patient care delivery models
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Theoretical Framework
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Q1) "The philosophical quests to use research to balance the distribution of power in modern society" best describes which of the following?
A) Post-positivist
B) Critical socialist
C) Constructivist
D) Interpretivist
Answer: B
Q2) When critiquing a research article,what is the most important issue the reader should consider about the concepts of the study?
A) The theoretical interrelatedness of the concepts
B) Whether the study is qualitative or quantitative in nature
C) The specific meanings the researcher has ascribed to the study concepts
D) An in-depth understanding of the grand theory that underpins the study concepts
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Critical Reading Strategies: Overview of the Research Process
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Q1) In which section of a research report would you expect to find the following statement? "Despite efforts to improve the discharge-planning process and subsequent outcomes,existing mechanisms fail to identify elders' needs for follow-up care,and studies report rehospitalization rates rising from 12% to 50%" (Bull et al.,1995; Happ et al.,1997; Lockery et al.,1993).
A) "Introduction"
B) "Methods"
C) "Results"
D) "Discussion"
Answer: A
Q2) Which of the following is one of the first objectives of critically reading a research study report?
A) To apply the research to practice
B) To determine if the study is quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methods
C) To quickly critique the study
D) To provide feedback to the author(s) of the research study
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Developing Research Questions, Hypotheses, and Clinical Questions
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Q1) Which of the following hypotheses fails to meet the criteria of testability?
A) Proper hand washing prevents the spread of infection.
B) A consistent routine of low-impact aerobic exercising will increase coordination among older adults.
C) Patients who use guided imagery during MRI procedures will have reduced perceptions of emotional distress compared with patients who do not use guided imagery.
D) Postoperative patients who receive round-the-clock scheduled analgesics will have lower levels of pain compared with postoperative patients who receive analgesics on a PRN schedule.
Q2) In a research study,what are the properties of interest that take on different values and are different from each other?
A) Variables
B) Concepts
C) Hypotheses
D) Assumptions
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Chapter 5: Finding and Appraising the Literature
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Q1) For a literature search for an academic paper or project,which of the following is considered an appropriate timeline?
A) The most recent 6 months
B) The last 1 year
C) The last 3 to 5 years
D) No need to limit the timeline
Q2) Which of the following objectives of literature review is unique to a review for research purposes?
A) Discovering conceptual traditions used to examine problems
B) Generating useful research questions and hypotheses for nursing
C) Determining what is known and unknown about a subject, concept, or problem
D) Uncovering a new practice intervention or gaining support for current interventions, protocols, and policies
Q3) Which of the following best describes a student's task of gathering information on a topic in preparing a paper for a class assignment?
A) Critiquing a study
B) Researching a topic
C) Conducting a study
D) Searching the literature
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Chapter 6: Legal and Ethical Issues
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Q1) Which statement about informed consent is most accurate?
A) Informed consent needs to be sought only if risks outweigh benefits.
B) Informed consent is required if physical risks exist but not psychological risks.
C) Researchers must obtain voluntary participation of participants after informing them of possible risks and benefits.
D) A researcher is not obligated to seek informed consent if the details of the study could upset the participant and potentially affect the study outcome.
Q2) A "captive" population of potential participants for comparing the effectiveness of a pamphlet versus a videotape in teaching young men how to perform testicular self-examination indicates what?
A) Students in a high school health education class
B) Young men undergoing treatment for testicular cancer
C) Men who request screening information from the Canadian Cancer Society
D) People who respond to a newspaper advertisement that requests responses from sons and brothers of men who have had testicular cancer
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Chapter 7: Introduction to Qualitative Research
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Q1) Which of the following study purposes and methodological procedures is inappropriate for qualitative methods?
A) Testing of a new hypothesis
B) Using an intensive approach to data collection
C) Using inductive analysis with the captured data
D) Examining individual responses to a nonmodifiable situation
Q2) Which of the following distinctions is characteristic of qualitative research methods?
A) Data are in text form.
B) Data are dichotomous (either yes or no).
C) Qualitative research does not generate data.
D) Data from qualitative studies are inappropriate for analysis.
Q3) When an author does not commit to a particular research method it is often referred to as
A) observational.
B) mixed methods.
C) grounded theory.
D) naturalistic design.
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Chapter 8: Qualitative Approaches to Research
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Q1) Which of the following data-gathering techniques is accepted in the grounded theory approach but not in the phenomenological approach?
A) Face-to-face interview
B) Recorded interview
C) Participant-written response to written questions
D) Skilled observation of individuals in a social setting
Q2) In a report of a phenomenological study,you find direct quotes from the participants threaded throughout the narrative.What is the significance of this observation?
A) The researcher is supporting his or her findings.
B) The researcher is attempting to make the report more personal.
C) The technique violates the human participants' right to protection.
D) The technique ensures that the proper level of data saturation has been reached.
Q3) What is the purpose of a "grounded theory" research design?
A) To ensure that the theory used has appropriate philosophical underpinnings
B) To move a concept from the perceived view to the received view
C) To test a theory for its specific application
D) To examine patterns of action and interaction between and among various types of social units
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Chapter 9: Introduction to Quantitative Research
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Q1) For which of these reasons would a nurse researcher choose to assign participants randomly to groups in a study?
A) To help ensure that all groups within a study are representative of the larger population
B) To increase the chance that the study groups will be different from each other with regard to extraneous variables
C) To help ensure that current events do not influence the outcomes of the study
D) To eliminate the need for establishing specific study criteria and participant eligibility
Q2) A nurse is designing a study to determine whether a videotape or a written pamphlet is more effective in teaching young women how to perform breast self-examination (BSE).Which of these actions would provide the best control for a mediating variable?
A) Include identical content in both BSE teaching methods
B) Exclude participants who already perform BSE on a regular basis
C) Limit the study participants to women who are heterosexual
D) Determine what breast cancer means to the individual participants
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Chapter 10: Experimental and Quasiexperimental Designs
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Q1) A study was conducted to determine whether a videotape would be more effective than a pamphlet in instructing college-age women to perform breast self-examination on a regular basis.Which of the following conditions could be considered an antecedent variable?
A) Four participants in the pamphlet-based instruction group had mothers who had been received a diagnosis of breast cancer, and the other group had no participants with mothers diagnosed with breast cancer.
B) The group that received the videotape training comprised members of one sorority, and the group that received the pamphlet-based instruction comprised members of a different sorority.
C) During the study, most participants received flu shots through the college's student health service.
D) The pamphlet group had 38 members, and the videotape group had 33 members.
Q2) Which action would increase the control of an experimental study?
A) Establishing strict criteria for participant selection
B) Allowing participants to decide whether or not to be in the experimental group
C) Ensuring that participants do not know the purpose of the experimental study
D) Increasing the number of assistants involved in data collection
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Chapter 11: Non-Experimental Designs
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Q1) In which study design do participants serve as their own controls,allowing early trends in the data to emerge?
A) Cross-sectional
B) Ex post facto
C) Retrospective
D) Longitudinal
Q2) Which types of research designs are considered to be developmental studies?
A) Cross-sectional
B) Comparative
C) Exploratory
D) Longitudinal
E) Prospective
F) Cohort
G) Descriptive
Q3) Why would a nurse researcher choose not to use a survey study design?
A) Data analysis is limited with a survey design.
B) Information collected is relatively superficial.
C) Results are never applicable beyond the study population.
D) More participants are required to reach statistical significance than for other study designs.
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Chapter 12: Sampling
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Q1) What question should a research consumer ask when evaluating the sample size in a research report?
A) How many assistants were involved in data collection?
B) How representative is the sample relative to the target population?
C) How great is the outcome difference between or among study groups?
D) How many previous studies has the researcher conducted before on similar topics?
Q2) Which statement regarding sample size is most accurate?
A) Studies with smaller sample sizes have more accurate results.
B) Studies with smaller sample sizes are more likely to be representative of the target population.
C) Studies with larger sample sizes have more accurate results.
D) Studies with larger sample sizes are more likely to be representative of the target population.
Q3) A nurse researcher can most accurately use the technique of power analysis to do what?
A) To estimate sample size
B) To establish sampling strata
C) To assign participants randomly
D) To analyze sample representativeness
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Chapter 13: Data Collection Methods
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Q1) Which data-collection method can be assessed by asking,"Is there a provision for evaluating the accuracy of the instrument?"
A) Questionnaires
B) Interviews
C) Physiological measurement
D) Records and databases
Q2) The nurse researcher informs participants that he or she would like to include them in a research study and that they can refuse to participate through what?
A) Informed consent
B) Concealment with intervention
C) Unauthorized research
D) Concealment without intervention
Q3) What are the steps involved in instrument development?
A) Clarify the target population
B) Define concept to be measured
C) Develop items
D) Estimate reliability and validity
E) Statistically analyze individual items
F) Develop implications from the item analysis
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Chapter 14: Rigour in Research
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Q1) A nurse researcher describes an instrument that is administered repeatedly and obtains the same results as having what?
A) Validity
B) Reliability
C) Consistency
D) Predictability
Q2) What is being established when a researcher submits a few items to each of several concepts on an instrument? For example,a questionnaire on measuring depression has items on emotional and physical abuse.
A) Content validity
B) Construct validity
C) Concurrent validity
D) Criterion-related validity
Q3) What property is established when the results of two separately administered tests that measure the same domain or concept are highly correlated?
A) Validity
B) Stability
C) Equivalence
D) Homogeneity
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Chapter 15: Qualitative Data Analysis
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Q1) Which of the following is the kind of data analysis that leads to the development of a cultural inventory?
A) Phenomenological
B) Grounded theory
C) Ethnographic
D) Historical
Q2) What is the term used to describe the central meaning of the thematic conclusions drawn in phenomenological analysis?
A) Vignettes
B) Narrative
C) Essence
D) Phenomenon
Q3) When a reader critiques a phenomenological study for appropriateness,the reader will examine the study to see if the researcher
A) questioned the participants of the study to confirm identified themes.
B) documented the bracketing process used to maintain the proper perspective.
C) presented the narrative in a way that captured the everyday reality of participants.
D) discussed in detail the process by which identified themes emerged.
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Chapter 16: Quantitative Data Analysis
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Q1) The change in heart rate in patients with diabetes mellitus was reported as 10.95 ± 9.21 for the Adult type 1 group.How many standard deviations from the mean is a change of 23?
A) 1 SD
B) 2 SD
C) 3 SD
D) 4 SD
Q2) The nurse researcher is interested in using nominal level data.The object or event that could be used if nominal-level data are of primary interest is what?
A) Test scores
B) Education level
C) Marital status
D) Weight
Q3) The nurse researcher is using respiratory rate as a variable in a research study.The level of measurement most appropriate in this case is what?
A) Nominal
B) Ordinal
C) Interval
D) Ratio
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Chapter 17: Presenting the Findings
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Q1) When researchers write the "Discussion" section of a study report,what aspect of their research should they use to evaluate the findings?
A) Method
B) Introduction
C) Theoretical framework
D) Data analysis
Q2) How should these statements be interpreted? (1)"There is a positive relationship between the degree of social support available to new mothers and maternal attachment scores." (2)"The Pearson correlation coefficient was r = 0.79,p < 0.05."
A) The hypothesis was proven.
B) The hypothesis was supported.
C) The result was clinically significant but not statistically significant.
D) The statistical analysis indicates that the positive correlation was a chance event.
Q3) What is the primary role of figures and tables in a research report?
A) To substantiate the researcher's conclusions
B) To develop a framework for future research in the area
C) To clarify which variable was treated as an independent variable
D) To facilitate the presentation of large amounts of data
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Chapter 18: Critiquing Qualitative Research
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Q1) Which of the following processes should you avoid when evaluating qualitative research?
A) Reading the research report to identify participants' emic views and ideas
B) Performing a power analysis to determine the adequacy of sample size
C) Determining whether the author's conclusions reflect the study findings
D) Identifying the purpose of the research
Q2) What does the inclusion of study themes represent in the presentation of a qualitative research study?
A) The actual written report
B) The operational definition of the study's conceptual framework
C) The labelling of similar ideas shared by the study participants
D) The relationship between the hypotheses and the research questions
Q3) In the context of qualitative outcome analysis,which of the following outcomes or overall purposes is appropriate for a qualitative study?
A) Creating solutions to practical problems
B) Teaching members of a specific subculture how to control anger
C) Assisting patients to participate more in health care decisions
D) Preparing high school students so that their anxiety during tests is reduced
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Chapter 19: Critiquing Quantitative Research
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Q1) Why would a study involving continuous handrail support,oxygen uptake,and heart rate in women during submaximal step treadmill exercise be quasiexperimental in design versus experimental?
A) The sample size was small.
B) Randomization was not used in sample selection.
C) The dependent variables were not manipulated.
D) The independent variables were not manipulated.
Q2) In evaluating a report of a quantitative research study what is considered an issue related to style?
A) The sample size was appropriate for the statistical tests used.
B) There was one independent variable and two dependent variables.
C) Data described in narrative form within the text would have been more concise if they had been placed in a table.
D) The data presented support the direction of the primary hypothesis.
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Chapter 20: Developing an Evidence-Informed Practice
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Q1) The conceptually driven form of using research evidence in practice influences providers' A) action.
B) critique.
C) thinking.
D) evaluation.
Q2) Skills needed to consult the literature and answer a clinical question are called A) informatics.
B) database searching.
C) information literacy.
D) evidence-informed practice.
Q3) Applying study results to individual patients or to a specific patient population and communicating findings to patients in a meaningful way is the hallmark of A) the scientific perspective.
B) clinical practice.
C) meta-analysis.
D) evidence-informed practice.
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