Advanced Radiologic Science
Review Questions
Course Introduction
Advanced Radiologic Science delves into the principles, technologies, and applications of advanced medical imaging modalities. The course covers the physics and instrumentation of computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), digital radiography, and other contemporary imaging techniques. Emphasis is placed on image quality optimization, patient safety, radiation dose management, and diagnostic interpretation. Students explore emerging technologies, research trends, and ethical considerations within radiologic practice, preparing them for roles that demand critical thinking and technical proficiency in complex diagnostic imaging environments.
Recommended Textbook
Computed Tomography Physical Principles Clinical Applications and Quality Control 3rd Edition
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Computed Tomography: An Overview
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Q1) Which of the following is best used to describe patient dose in computed tomography?
A)CTDI and MSAD
B)isometric curves
C)exposure doses
D)collective doses
Answer: A
Q2) All these elements can be used during data acquisition to reduce patient dose except:
A)combined applications
B)ultrafast ceramic detectors
C)decreased pitch
D)on-line dose modulation
Answer: C
Q3) The radiation used by Hounsfield in his original experiments was
A)gamma rays
B)x rays
C)beta particles
D)electrons
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Introduction to Computers
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Q1) Which of the following converts digital data to analog signals and analog signals back to digital data?
A)telephone wires
B)modems
C)computer terminal
D)multiplexer
Answer: B
Q2) Display monitor
A)Mimicking human intelligence
B)Secondary storage
C)Destructive program
D)Modem
E)UNIX
F)Output hardware
G)CD-ROM
Answer: F
Q3) The keyboard is an example of output hardware.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 3: Digital Image Processing
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Q1) Which type of artifact will appear on a digital image as a result of poor sampling of the analog signal?
A)beam hardening
B)partial volume
C)aliasing
D)poor sampling does not create artifacts
Answer: C
Q2) Which type(s) of image compression results in no loss of information in the compressed image data? I. lossless
II. lossy
III. reversible
IV. irreversible
A)I and II
B)III and IV
C)I and III
D)II and IV
Answer: C
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Physical Principles of Computed Tomography
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Q1) Range of computed tomography numbers
A)Radiography
B)Heterogeneous beam
C)Window width
D)Conventional tomography
E)Homogeneous beam
F)Display device
G)Attenuation
H)Data acquisition
I)Computed tomography
Q2) In the attenuation of a heterogeneous beam of radiation: I. the beam quality changes, II. the beam quantity changes, III. the beam intensity changes
A)I and II
B)I and III
C)I and III.
D)I, II, and III
Q3) The second step of data acquisition is scanning.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Data Acquisition Concepts
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Q1) The Stanton x-ray tube was designed by Toshiba Medical Systems.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following refers to the size, shape, motion, and path traced by the x-ray beam as it scans the patient?
A)beam geometry
B)projection profile
C)data acquisition
D)detector tracing
Q3) The high-voltage generators of slip-ring scanners are located in the gantry.
A)True
B)False
Q4) All of the following are radiation beams produced by an x-ray tube designed for computed tomography except:
A)homogeneous beam
B)heterogeneous beam
C)polychromatic beam
D)polyenergetic beam
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Chapter 6: Image Reconstruction
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Q1) An algorithm is a set of rules for solving a problem.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A set of ray sums is referred to as a:
A)ray sum
B)projection
C)total ray projection
D)view
Q3) Interpolation
A)Set of rules for solving a problem
B)Mathematical technique of value estimation
C)Converts signals in the spatial domain to the frequency domain
D)Digital image processing
E)Linear superposition method
Q4) Which of the following will allow the user to interactively visualize, manipulate, and measure large three-dimensional objects on general-purpose workstations?
A)three-dimensional algorithms
B)interpolation algorithms
C)Fourier transform
D)three-dimensional convolution
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Basic Instrumentation
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Q1) The typical matrix size of a typical computed tomography image is:
A)32 *32 * 8 bytes deep
B)128 *128 *8 bytes deep
C)56 * 256 * 10 bytes deep
D)512 * 512 * 8 bytes deep
Q2) The following are components of the imaging system except the:
A)x-ray tube and generator
B)collimator and filter
C)detector and detector electronics
D)laser printer
Q3) Typical operating modes include priority scan mode and static scan mode.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The computer system receives _________ data from the data acquisition system.
A)analog
B)digital
C)manipulated
D)hard copy
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Chapter 8: Image Postprocessing and Visualization Tools
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Q1) The range of computed tomography numbers is the window length.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The window width and window length settings for a given examination of the abdomen are 400 and 0, respectively. Which of the following is true?
A)all structures between -200 and 200 will spread through the gray scale
B)all structures between -200 and 200 will be white
C)all structures between -200 and 200 will be black
D)only those structures above 400 will have different shades of gray
Q3) In which of the following are pixels in a certain region of the image made to appear brighter?
A)highlighting
B)image magnification
C)region of interest transfer
D)point-to-point imaging
Q4) A narrow window width implies that the transition from black to white will take place over a wide range of computed tomography numbers.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: Image Quality
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Q1) One of the disadvantages of computed tomography over conventional radiography is its ability to observe low-contrast objects whose density is slightly different from the background.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following can be used to compare the performance of different computed tomography systems?
A)modulation transfer function
B)point spread function
C)spatial resolution
D)reconstruction algorithm
Q3) The fact that noise in the reconstructed images is no longer white describes:
I. noise power spectrum
II. Wiener spectrum
III. reconstruction spectrum
A)I and II
B)II and III
C)I and III
D)I, II, and III
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Radiation Dose in Computed Tomography
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Q1) The method suggested by the Center for Devices and Radiological Health for computed tomography dose measurement is the pencil ionization chamber.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What is the term used to describe a ratio of the difference the table travels per revolution to nominal beam collimation?
A)dose-length product
B)pitch
C)scan ratio
D)tilt ratio
Q3) What is the amount of energy absorbed per unit mass of material?
I. rad
II. absorbed dose
III. radiation dose
A)I and II
B)II and III
C)I and III
D)I, II, and III
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Chapter 11: Single-Slice Spiralhelical Computed
Tomography: Physical Principles and Instrumentation
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Q1) The first step in volume scanning is analog to digital conversion.
A)True
B)False
Q2) All of the following affect noise in spiral/helical computed tomography except:
A)beam intensity
B)beam quality
C)detector cell size
D)matrix size
Q3) The reconstruction increment is also referred to as:
I. the reconstruction interval
II. reconstruction spacing
III. the reconstruction model
A)I and II
B)II and III
C)I and III
D)I, II, and III
Q4) Table increment and pitch are directly proportional.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Multislice Spiralhelical Computed Tomography:
Physical Principles and Instrumentation
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Q1) Which of the following is/are types of detectors used in multislice computed tomography scanners?
I. hybrid detectors
II. nonuniform detectors
III. uniform detectors
A)I and II
B)II and III
C)I and III
D)I, II, and III
Q2) An algorithm common in multislice computed tomography scanners is the Feldkamp-Davis-Kress algorithm.
A)True
B)False
Q3) As the pitch increases, the image quality:
A)increases
B)decreases
C)does not change
D)has no direct relationship
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Chapter 13: Other Technical Applications of Computed
Tomography Imaging: Basic Principles
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Q1) All of the following are fundamental imaging principles involved in real-time computed tomography except:
A)continuous image display
B)fast continuous scanning
C)fast image reconstruction
D)volume-rendering capabilities
Q2) Portable multislice computed tomography scanners can be transported to critically ill patients.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The direct conversion flat-panel detector is used in flat-detector computed tomography systems.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The image reconstruction space refers to the spacing between the center of the slices.
A)True
B)False
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Three-Dimensional Computed Tomography:
Basic Concepts
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Q1) Which type of three-dimensional imaging approach produces a true three-dimensional visualization?
A)modeling imaging
B)projective imaging
C)slice imaging
D)volume imaging
Q2) Clinical applications of three-dimensional imaging in computed tomography include all of the following except:
A)craniomaxillofacial complex
B)endocrine system
C)gastrointestinal system
D)pulmonary system
Q3) Equipment for three-dimensional image processing includes:
I. computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging scanner console
II. memory and archiving computer
III. stand-alone computer workstations
A)I and II
B)II and III
C)I and III
D)I, II, and III
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Chapter 15: Virtual Reality Imaging
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Q1) Studies have shown that virtual endoscopies would be more expensive than real endoscopies.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Volume rendering provides the best results because it:
I. adds lifelike reality to the images
II. minimizes partial volume-averaging artifacts
III. produces optimum visualization of the anatomy
A)I and II
B)II and III
C)I and III
D)I, II, and III
Q3) Virtual endoscopy includes all of the following applications except:
A)virtual arthroscopy
B)virtual colonoscopy
C)virtual cholangiopancreatoscopy
D)virtual labyrinthoscopy
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Chapter 16: Positron Emission Tomographycomputed
Tomography Scanners
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Q1) Sodium iodide and bismuth germinate are newer scintillating materials that have reasonably high detection efficiency.
A)True
B)False
Q2) When using FDG for a whole body scan, the uptake waiting period is usually:
A)15-45 minutes
B)30-50 minutes
C)45-90 minutes
D)60-120 minutes
Q3) In emission imaging an external, photon emitting source rotates about the patient to acquire a(n):
A)emission scan
B)review scan
C)scout scan
D)transmission scan
Q4) <sup>18</sup>F-2- fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography has not been useful in the localization of epileptic seizures.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 17: Computed Tomography of the Head, Cerebral Vessels,
Neck, and Spine
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Q1) A standard dose of contrast is administered for each type of examination on the basis of the patient's weight, up to a maximum.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Orbital computed tomographic images should always be available in which planes because of the pyramidal shape of the bony orbit?
I. coronal
II. sagittal
III. transverse
A)I and II
B)II and III
C)I and III
D)I, II, and III
Q3) Contrast enhancement is well visualized on bone algorithm or bone windows.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Sagittal sections are helpful in evaluating midline structures.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 18: Computed Tomography of the Body
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Q1) In a trauma study of the liver, all of the following conditions can be demonstrated except:
A)active hemorrhage
B)hematoma
C)hemothorax
D)lacerations
Q2) Computed tomographic imaging of bony tumors is useful in determining all of the following except:
A)articular involvement
B)evaluating cortical integrity
C)measuring bone strength
D)tumor location in the bone
Q3) All of the following should be performed by the technologist before the examination except:
A)explain the examination to be performed
B)explain the use of the contrast media
C)have the patient empty the bladder
D)summon the radiologist for the examination
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20
Chapter 19: Pediatric Computed Tomography
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Q1) Toys, books, and puzzles are a welcome diversion for the child.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The parents are usually an important ally of the technologist and should be included whenever possible.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Modification of dose parameters is the most straightforward and important method to reduce dose.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Primary indications for computed tomographic imaging over magnetic resonance imaging in brain studies include all of the following except:
A)assessment of trauma in the acute phase
B)otitis
C)fractures
D)skull lesions
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21
Chapter 20: Quality Control for Computed Tomography
Scanners
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Q1) Quality control tests, test results, and interpretation of test results should be:
A)recorded in a quality control logbook
B)recorded on pieces of paper
C)recorded on the bulletin board beside the computed tomography scanner
D)recorded in the positioning notebook of the technologist
Q2) All of the following are possible causes of failure for the standard deviation of the computed tomography number except:
A)electronic noise from amplifiers
B)decreased dose
C)electronic noise from the analog-to-digital converters
D)miscalibration of the algorithm
Q3) Quality control tests can be performed by all of the following except:
A)technologists
B)medical physicists
C)quality control technicians
D)department aides
Q4) Water phantoms are not used for quality control tests.
A)True
B)False
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