Advanced Personality Theory Exam
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Course Introduction
Advanced Personality Theory delves deeply into the major theories and empirical research that shape our understanding of personality development and individual differences. This course explores both classical and contemporary perspectives, including psychodynamic, trait, humanistic, cognitive, social-cognitive, and biological approaches. Emphasis is placed on the application of theoretical frameworks to current issues, assessment methods, and interventions relevant to personality psychology. Students critically analyze debates, integrate research findings, and examine personality across diverse populations, preparing them for advanced study or professional practice in psychology.
Recommended Textbook
Theories of Personality Understanding Persons 6th Edition by Susan C. Cloninger
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17 Chapters
2036 Verified Questions
2036 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/1055
Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Personality Theory
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146 Verified Questions
146 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/20889
Sample Questions
Q1) An approach that combines aspects of several different theories is called
A) eclectic.
B) heuristic.
C) nomothetic.
D) experimental.
Answer: A
Q2) Personality theories are tested using the __________ method.
A) intuitive
B) clinical
C) scientific
D) idiographic
Answer: C
Q3) Nomothetic research is generally regarded as more scientific than idiographic research.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Freud: Classical Psychoanalysis
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144 Verified Questions
144 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sex roles, according to Freud, are learned at about age A) two.
B) four.
C) ten.
D) fourteen.
Answer: B
Q2) Psychoanalytic theory says that fixation during the phallic period results in problems with
A) sexual promiscuity.
B) homosexuality.
C) superego formation.
D) all of the above
Answer: D
Q3) Before he became a psychoanalyst, Freud was a A) business executive.
B) neurologist.
C) rabbi.
D) singer.
Answer: B
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Jung: Analytical Psychology
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133 Verified Questions
133 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Jung, interpretation of dreams included the following stages except A) Recollection of the dream
B) Amplification of the dream
C) Acting out of the dream
D) Active imagination
Answer: C
Q2) The fact that Martin Luther King, Jr. expressed himself within the Christian symbols of his own heritage, rather than using symbols from other religious traditions, A) would have been a disappointment to Jung.
B) was consistent with Jung's advice that people stay within the symbols and mythology of their own heritage.
C) was evidence that he had not developed to his full potential.
D) shows that he was prejudiced.
Answer: B
Q3) A symbol is entirely unconscious, with no conscious component.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 4: Adler: Individual Psychology
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135 Verified Questions
135 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Adler believed you could never give a child too much attention.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Of the following, the most important key to understanding a person, according to Adler, is contained in his or her
A) dreams.
B) attitudes toward people.
C) first memories.
D) physical characteristics.
Q3) According to Adler, the healthy way to deal with physical inferiorities is through A) denial.
B) repression.
C) compensation.
D) social support.
Q4) List and briefly explain the stages to Adlerian therapy.
Q5) Adler's theory emphasizes the uniqueness of each person.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Explain the term fictional finalism. Give an example.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Erikson: Psychosocial Development
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124 Verified Questions
124 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Unresolved issues from the second psychosocial stage are most relevant to the cultural institution of A) law.
B) technology.
C) marriage.
D) religion.
Q2) Erikson suggested that people can express generativity in their careers as well as in their roles as parents.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In old age, people typically
A) are considering whether life was meaningful.
B) are at the stage of developing generativity.
C) have completed all psychological development, so no tasks remain in old age.
D) are more neurotic than they were in youth.
Q4) Erikson's theory has been criticized as reflecting the values of his culture.
A)True B)False
Q5) Explain Erikson's "epigenetic principle."
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Horney and Relational Theory: Interpersonal
Psychoanalytic
Theory
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140 Verified Questions
140 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The relational model would suggest that early relationships
A) Are important because children do not yet have a sense of themselves as separate persons
B) Are the basis for developing internal representations of self and others
C) Prepare individuals for the expectation of love or rejection from others
D) None of the above
E) All the above
Q2) What is externalized, according to Horney?
A) anger
B) self-contempt
C) oppression
D) all of the above
Q3) In psychoanalysis, relationships are referred to as objects that can satisfy libidinal desires. The term often used for this is
A) Object permanence
B) Object relations
C) Object love
D) Object adoption
Q4) Discuss Horney's ideas about cultural determinants of personality and neurosis.
Q5) List and describe Horney's three interpersonal orientations.
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Chapter 7: Allport: Personological Trait Theory
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124 Verified Questions
124 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Allport's research on rumor transmission found that headlines describing World War II going well for the Allies caused more soldiers to enlist.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Identification of the self with one's possessions first occurs at about age __________, according to Allport.
A) 4
B) 9
C) 15
D) 21
Q3) Unlike Freud, Allport emphasized the present, rather than the past.
A)True B)False
Q4) Allport's attitude toward highly mathematical empirical studies is best described as __________.
A) respectful
B) distrustful
C) enthusiastic
D) confused
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Two Factor Analytic Trait Theories: Cattells 16
Factors and the Big Five
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134 Verified Questions
134 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The dynamic lattice outlines the goals of psychotherapy.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Responses to pencil and paper self-report tests (such as those that ask subjects to rate how much they agree with statements such as "I generally prefer to be with people rather than alone") are called
A) D-data.
B) L-data.
C) Q-data.
D) T-data.
Q3) Cattell thought that __________ alone were questionable in assessing personality.
A) projective tests
B) factor analysis
C) self-reports
D) objective tests
Q4) Cattell devised many tests to measure personality. A)True
B)False
Q5) How did Cattell define "personality"?
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Chapter 9: Biological Theories: Evolution, Genetics, and Biological Factor Theories
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165 Verified Questions
165 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is one of the dimensions of the EASI temperament model?
A) Energetic
B) Agreeability
C) Intraversion
D) Sociability
Q2) Evolutionary theory proposes that every trait that now exists has adaptive value.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Understanding other's facial expressions of emotion is a learned skill.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A person's temperament is best described as A) learned in early childhood.
B) similar to the Freudian superego.
C) changeable until adolescence, but stable in adulthood.
D) biologically determined.
Q5) Extraverts are less impaired on experimental tasks by noise than are introverts.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: The Challenge of Behaviorism: Dollard and Miller,
Skinner, and Staats
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183 Verified Questions
183 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) "Mentalism" explains behavior in terms of A) intelligence.
B) hypnosis.
C) thoughts and other mental states. D) goals.
Q2) How can language influence maladaptive behavior and therapy?
Q3) Joe keeps trying and trying to be accepted by a particular group of popular classmates. Jim tried, but was rejected, so he stopped trying. Discuss how these differences in persistence may be explained in terms of schedules of reinforcement.
Q4) Punishment
A) has no potential adverse effects.
B) reduces the frequency of behavior.
C) influences only the behavior that is punished. D) all of the above
Q5) Alcohol and drugs can reduce conflict, at least temporarily. A)True B)False
Page 12
Q6) How does psychological behaviorism explain adjustment and maladjustment?
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Chapter 11: Kelly: Personal Construct Theory
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117 Verified Questions
117 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) One sign of mental disturbance is that the contrast pole of a construct is not logical.
A)True
B)False
Q2) According to Kelly, constructs are, by definition, verbal statements.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Two people are talking. One says, "People are either ambitious or they're lazy." The other disagrees, saying "People are either ambitious or they're already rich enough!"
These two people disagree about The __________ pole to "ambitious."
A) concrete
B) contrast
C) fixed role
D) peripheral
Q4) What is the third phase of the C-P-C cycle?
A) calibration
B) circumspection
C) control
D) counting
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Chapter 12: Mischel: Traits in Cognitive Social Learning Theory
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49 Verified Questions
49 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A "prototype" is a typical example of a category.
A)True
B)False
Q2) According to Mischel and his colleagues, the effect of traits on behavior depends upon
A) the person.
B) the time of day.
C) the situation.
D) the observer.
Q3) The term consistency paradox refers to
A) the challenge of understanding how people can develop across a lifetime yet still remain consistent.
B) the discrepancy between research, which shows that people act differently in different situations, and common sense, which says they are consistent.
C) people's efforts to seem consistent to other people.
D) the paradox that most personality theories seem to be saying the same thing, only in different words.
Q4) Summarize the trait controversy and Mischel's role in it.
Q5) Explain the term "consistency paradox."
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Chapter 13: Bandura: Performance in Cognitive Social Learning Theory
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69 Verified Questions
69 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Learning by watching models is called
A) extinction.
B) spontaneous recovery.
C) transitory learning.
D) vicarious learning.
Q2) Bandura's concept of __________ describes the mutual influences of the person, the environment, and behavior.
A) attentional processes
B) self-regulation
C) reciprocal determinism
D) symbolic coding
Q3) Summarize Bandura's research on modeling. List some of his important findings. Explain the relevance of this research for personality development.
Q4) Optimism is
A) similar to efficacy in its effects on behavior.
B) the opposite of efficacy in its effects on behavior.
C) immature and unhealthy.
D) an early form of efficacy.
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Q5) Describe the contributions of cognitive social learning theory to psychotherapy.
Chapter 14: Rogers: Person-Centered Theory
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113 Verified Questions
113 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Maya Angelou generally followed her own feelings, whether anger toward racial insults or discomfort about burning chemical treatment of her hair. This trust of her own feelings illustrates Rogers's Concept of A) the organismic valuing process. B) conditional positive regard. C) empathic understanding. D) self-actualization.
Q2) Openness to experience is a characteristic of fully functioning people. A)True B)False
Q3) According to research on Rogerian therapy, the correlation between the real self and the ideal self
A) is not a useful measure. B) increases after therapy. C) decreases after therapy. D) is unaffected by therapy.
Q4) Describe research on the process of psychotherapy, that is, on therapists' behavior when then they are practicing client-centered therapy.
Page 17
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Chapter 15: Maslow and His Legacy: Need Hierarchy Theory and Positive Psychology
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107 Verified Questions
107 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Maslow considered curiosity to be an early manifestation of self-actualization.
A)True
B)False
Q2) According to Maslow, once a need has been met
A) it never again is the predominant need.
B) it may again become dominant, if no longer met in the future.
C) a person becomes fixated, and remains at that stage.
D) a person moves down to the next lower level.
Q3) The needs lowest on Maslow's hierarchy are safety needs.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In the case of David Pelzer in the beginning of quiz 15, we learned that David sometimes had to eat food out of the dog dish to survive. What need was he trying to meet in doing so?
A) self-actualization
B) love and belongingness
C) safety needs
D) physiological needs
Page 18
Q5) Explain what Maslow meant by desacralization and what he suggested should be done about it.
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Chapter 16: Buddhist Psychology: Lessons From Eastern Culture
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122 Verified Questions
122 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain the concept of the 17 Moments of perception. How does that relate to Western ideas of perception and consciousness?
Q2) According to Buddhism, the origin of suffering is
A) humanity itself.
B) early life experiences
C) detachment.
D) attachment.
Q3) Early Western psychologists were influenced by Buddhism, including A) William James.
B) B. F. Skinner.
C) Sigmund Freud.
D) Albert Bandura.
Q4) Buddhists seek to block all suffering from consciousness while experiencing the First Noble Truth.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Buddhism emphasizes continual development, even across different lives.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 17: Conclusion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain the various ways one can deal with theoretical diversity, including eclecticism, pluralism, and the search for a unified theory.
Q2) One reason for the diversity of theories is that they explain phenomena at different A) levels of complexity.
B) levels of intellectual sophistication.
C) levels of explanation.
D) levels of cultural awareness.
Q3) Eclecticism values selected contributions from various theories.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Pluralism is an approach that
A) respects the integrity of various theories, which are allowed to coexist. B) attempts to unite various theories into a unified whole.
C) combines the best of various theories, without making a systematic whole. D) selects the one best theory and rejects the rest.
Q5) List and describe three metaphors that have been applied to personality.
Q6) Explain the term "paradigm." How does a paradigm influence research?
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