Advanced Personality Psychology
Question Bank
Course Introduction
Advanced Personality Psychology delves deep into contemporary theories, empirical research, and methodological approaches to understanding individual differences in personality. The course examines foundational and cutting-edge models, including trait, biological, cognitive, social, and cultural perspectives, and their implications for behavior, mental health, and interpersonal interactions. Through critical analysis of classic and recent studies, students explore the development, stability, and change of personality across the lifespan, as well as the role of personality in applied settings such as work, health, and relationships. Emphasis is placed on integrating research findings, evaluating assessment tools, and understanding ethical considerations in the study of personality.
Recommended Textbook
Personality Theory and Research 12th Edition by Daniel Cervone
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Chapter 1: Personality Theory: From Everyday Observations to Systematic Theories
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Sample Questions
Q1) Internal states of tension that activate action are called A) traits.
B) goals.
C) drives.
D) beliefs.
Answer: C
Q2) Personality includes both stable and fluid, unchanging and changing aspects.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) A "system"
A) has many parts
B) has interconnections among its parts
C) displays behavior that reflects its overall organization
D) all of the above
Answer: D
Q4) The text definition of personality focuses on patterns of behavior.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 2: The Scientific Study of People
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Sample Questions
Q1) Stereotype threat processes have been shown to affect the performance of A) members of minority groups.
B) women.
C) a & b.
D) none of the above.
Answer: C
Q2) Research on O-data suggests that
A) some people are more judgable than others.
B) some characteristics are more observable than others.
C) highly evaluative characteristics lead to biases.
D) all of the above.
Answer: D
Q3) The approach to research emphasizing the intensive study of individuals is A) correlational.
B) clinical.
C) experimental.
D) naturalistic observation.
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: A Psychodynamic Theory: Freuds
Psychoanalytic Theory of Personality
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Sample Questions
Q1) John says that if he really puts his mind to it he could ace the course. This illustrates which mechanism of defense?
A) projection.
B) isolation.
C) undoing.
D) rationalization.
Answer: D
Q2) People develop defense mechanisms to protect themselves against anxiety.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Id is to ego
A) fantasy is to reality.
B) anxiety is to cathexis.
C) defense mechanisms are to satisfaction.
D) "want" is to "ought".
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Freuds Psychodynamic Theory: Applications,
Related Theoretical Conceptions, and Contemporary Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) Adler's birth order theory suggests that first born sons tend to have more success and achievement than later born sons.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Karen Horney's major difference with Freud was over the relative importance of A) biological and cultural influences.
B) the past and the present.
C) the unconscious and the conscious.
D) neurotic wishes and superego controls.
Q3) The case of Little Hans is important in illustrating A) the structural model.
B) anxiety and the mechanisms of defense.
C) transference and transference neurosis.
D) infantile sexuality.
Q4) Which of the following is a useful device for bypassing the defenses?
A) free association.
B) dream interpretation.
C) subliminal psychodynamic activation.
D) all of the above.
6
Q5) Discuss Freud's view of how psychoanalysis leads to positive personality change.
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Page 7
Chapter 5: A Phenomenological Theory: Carl Rogers
Person-Centered Theory of Personality
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to current research, recognition of the self A) is limited to humans.
B) is limited to humans and chimps.
C) is present in humans and dolphins.
D) is present in dogs if they are given practice.
Q2) Compare the views of Freud and Rogers on the nature of the person and science.
Q3) Congruence is a synonym for A) equifinality.
B) genuineness.
C) equality.
D) moral integrity.
Q4) A discrepancy between self and experience leads to the state of A) incongruence.
B) reflected appraisal.
C) depression.
D) anger.
Q5) The Rogerian self is analogous to a little person inside of us.
A)True B)False
Page 8
Q6) Discuss Rogers' views of the self, self processes, and their measurement.
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Chapter 6: A Phenomenological Theory - Applications and Evaluation of Rogers Theory
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Frankl, existential frustration involves lack of
A) fulfillment of the will-to-meaning.
B) fulfillment of the will-to-power.
C) fulfillment of the drive-for-sex.
D) all of the above.
Q2) Which of the following concepts is illustrated by the quote, "I became completely 'lost' in what I was doing, unaware of time, other obligations, or other people"?
A) Existentialism.
B) Broadening.
C) Resilience.
D) Flow.
Q3) Rogers' attitude toward making differential diagnoses in psychopathology might be summed up in the following statement.
A) Differential diagnoses help a therapist to design individualized treatment programs.
B) Differential diagnoses are useful in that they help point out the individual's specific problem areas.
C) Differential diagnoses are relatively worthless as aids to psychotherapy.
D) None of the above.
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Chapter 7: Trait Approaches to Personality - Allport,
Eyesneck and Cattell
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Sample Questions
Q1) It is said that the trait concept most approximates the ordinary person's concept of personality. How, then, do activities of the trait theorist differ from that of the average person? What are the intellectual challenges that are pursued by the trait theorist but not (in general) by the layperson?
Q2) Allport, in contrast with Eysenck
A) believed in the utility of surface traits.
B) emphasized overt behavior.
C) emphasized the organization of personality.
D) emphasized biological variables.
Q3) According to Allport, to account for behavior one had to consider A) traits.
B) situation characteristics.
C) both (a) and (b).
D) neither (a) nor (b).
Q4) Allport emphasized psychopathology.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Traits and superfactors are comparable concepts. A)True B)False
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Chapter 8: Trait Theory: the Five-Factor Model: Applications and Evaluation of the Trait Approach
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Sample Questions
Q1) Proponents of the NEO-PI also advocate the use of projective tests in the study of personality.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The best measure of OCEAN is A) EPI.
B)16PF.
C) NEO-PI.
D) water jug test.
Q3) Discuss the strengths and limitations of the trait approach as both a) a description of individual differences, and b) an explanatory model of human personality functioning.
Q4) According to the Big Five, intelligence is a major component of personality.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Critics of trait theory mostly focus on the problem of A) cross-situational consistency.
B) longitudinal consistency.
C) multivariate research.
D) hierarchical organization.
Page 12
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Chapter 9: Biological Foundations of Personality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Nonshared environments include
A) parts of sibling family environments.
B) aspects of sibling non-familial environments.
C) both a and b.
D) neither a nor b.
Q2) Individual differences in temperament are believed to be largely
A) inherited.
B) biologically based.
C) both a and b.
D) neither a nor b.
Q3) The person who attempted to classify psychiatric disorders and believed them to be largely hereditary was
A) Kraepelin.
B) Sheldon.
C) Gall.
D) Freud.
Q4) Depressed individuals have decreased left hemispheric activity.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Behaviorism and the Learning Approaches to Personality
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the sample approach to assessment, traits are inferred from test behavior.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Skinner's research emphasizes
A) self-report.
B) the study of individual organisms.
C) physiological data.
D) the study of elicited behavior.
Q3) Rorschach is to ABC as
A) sign is to sample.
B) sample is to sign.
C) TAT is to NBC.
D) none of the above.
Q4) Which of the following is not an emphasis of behavior therapy?
A) Experimental manipulations of variables.
B) Focus on change in core aspects of psychological functioning.
C) Environmental stimuli that cause and maintain behavior.
D) Alteration of responses by direct means.
Q5) Explain why Skinner argued against the idea that people have free will.
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Chapter 11: A Cognitive Theory of Personality: George a Kellys Personal
Construct Theory of Personality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Kelly's view concerning psychopathology involves the concept of anxiety and, therefore, it is similar to that of A) Freud.
B) Rogers.
C) both (a) and (b).
D) neither (a) nor (b).
Q2) Kelly's personal construct theory provided for viewing the person from multiple perspectives.
A)True
B)False
Q3) One interesting question that arises from Kelly's theory is how a person chooses for himself one end of a dichotomized construct. According to Kelly, a person chooses the alternative that
A) is most consistent with reality.
B) allows the greatest possibility for extension and definition of the construct system.
C) provides minimum potential for change.
D) leaves the person's definition of the self ambiguous.
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Chapter 12: Social Cognitive Theory: Bandura and Mischel
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Sample Questions
Q1) Social cognitive theory emphasizes stages of cognitive development.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Like Kelly's personal construct theory, social cognitive theorists believe that much human thought and action is
A) future-oriented.
B) influenced by submerged constructs.
C) determined by childhood events.
D) determined by environmental rewards.
Q3) According to social cognitive theory, goal-directed behavior is best understood in terms of
A) standards and anticipated consequences.
B) standards and reinforcers.
C) reinforcers and traits.
D) anticipated consequences and ego controls.
Q4) An important aspect of competencies in social cognitive theory is that they are context specific.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: Social-Cognitive Theory: Extensions, Applications,
and Evaluation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Stress occurs when A) circumstances exceed available resources.
B) the person views circumstances as taxing.
C) well-being is endangered.
D) all of the above.
Q2) The cognitive triad involves views concerning A) self, world, and future.
B) communists, criminals, and conglomerates.
C) development, pathology, and change.
D) I should, I ought, and I must.
Q3) Research data suggest that people use the same coping mechanism regardless of the situation.
A)True
B)False
Q4) People tend to make judgments _____________ when the judgment is related to a personality attribute for which they are schematic.
A) more quickly
B) very slowly
C) defensively
D) anxiously
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Chapter 14: Personality in Context: Interpersonal Relations,
Culture, and Development Across the Course of Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) Transference can be studied in the lab.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Socioemotional selectivity theory examines life-course changes in
A) memory.
B) motives.
C) intelligence.
D) problem solving.
Q3) The effects of strategies such as optimism and defensive pessimism are most apparent
A) during periods of relaxation.
B) during life transitions.
C) during middle adulthood.
D) during later adulthood.
Q4) People who employ selection and optimization strategies
A) become confused from all the psychological work involved.
B) are more depressed.
C) subsequently become more depressed.
D) experience greater well-being.
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Chapter 15: An Overview of Personality Theory, Assessment, and Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) Research reviewed in the text on questions of social change suggests that the most useful personality theory for brining about change is _______ theory.
A) psychoanalytic
B) phenomenological
C) trait
D) social cognitive
Q2) The social cognitive emphasis on the potential for change can be contrasted with A) Rogers' theory.
B) trait theory.
C) both (a) and (b).
D) neither (a) nor (b).
Q3) Considering Jim's personality over time, one can feel hopeless about the potential for change.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The text suggests that theories of personality differ on the utility of the concept of stages of development and the importance of early experience.
A)True
B)False
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