Advanced Nutrition Question Bank
Course Introduction
Advanced Nutrition delves into the complex biochemical and physiological processes underpinning nutrient metabolism and their impact on human health. The course covers detailed analysis of macronutrients, micronutrients, and non-nutritive compounds, integrating current research on nutrient function, absorption, metabolism, and requirements throughout the lifespan. Emphasis is placed on the role of nutrition in disease prevention and management, as well as the interplay of genetics, environment, and lifestyle. Critical evaluation of emerging topics, advanced laboratory methods, and application of nutritional assessment techniques equip students for research and professional practice in nutrition science and related health fields.
Recommended Textbook
Advanced Nutrition and Human Metaboli 7th Edition Sareen S. Gropper
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14 Chapters
1263 Verified Questions
1263 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: The Cell: A Microcosm of Life
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90 Verified Questions
90 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Transcription of DNA cannot be altered.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Which enzyme is responsible for linking together the incoming nucleotides during DNA replication?
A)DNA ligase
B)helicase
C)DNA polymerase
D)reverse transcriptase
Answer: C
Q3) Damage to MTOCs will interfere with which cellular process?
A)oxidative phosphorylation
B)mitosis
C)electron transport
D)creation of an mRNA molecule
Answer: B
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Page 3
Chapter 2: The Digestive System: Mechanism for Nourishing the Body
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90 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Short-chain fatty acids secreted by intestinal bacteria improve colonic and splanchnic blood flow.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Which nutritional deficiency occurs frequently following RYGB?
A)vitamin D
B)protein
C)fat
D)vitamin C
Answer: B
Q3) Which substance is not a component of saliva?
A)mucus
B)enzymes
C)water
D)proteases
Answer: D
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Carbohydrates
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91 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) GLUT3
A)erythrocytes,CNS
B)liver, -cells,kidney
C)brain,sperm,placenta
D)muscle,heart,adipocytes
E)intestine,kidney,brain,skeletal muscle,adipose
Answer: A
Q2) The purpose of the pentose phosphate pathway is to generate ribose,for nucleic acid synthesis,and NAD,for oxidizing power.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) The second most abundant food sources of carbohydrates are ____.
A)complex carbohydrates
B)sugars and sweeteners
C)fruits and vegetables
D)digested proteins
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Fiber
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91 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) An example of an RS<sub>1</sub> starch is ____.
A)unripe bananas
B)whole grains and seeds
C)avocados
D)corn-based products
Q2) A manufacturer can claim that its product is an "excellent" source of fiber if the product contains at least what percentage of recommendations?
A)5
B)10
C)15
D)20
Q3) Which group of high-fiber foods contains the greatest quantities of hemicellulose?
A)legumes
B)whole-grain cereals and bran
C)fruits
D)vegetables
Q4) Discuss three health claims relating to fiber that have been approved by the U.S.Food and Drug Administration.
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Chapter 5: Lipids
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90 Verified Questions
90 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain how the HMG-CoA reductase regulates cholesterol synthesis.
Q2) Which one of the following events will occur in the signaling pathway mediated by natriuretic peptides?
A)increased intracellular cAMP activates protein kinase G
B)ANP and BNP bind to type-B natriuretic peptide receptors
C)activated receptors interact with guanylyl cyclase
D)activated guanylyl cyclase converts intracellular AMP to cAMP
Q3) Mono- and diacylglycerols are used in processed foods as ____.
A)thickening agents
B)emulsifying agents
C)antioxidants
D)food preservatives
Q4) saturated and unsaturated fatty acids
A)atherogenic fatty plaque
B)hypercholesterolemia
C)raise LDL-C/lower HDL-C
D)structural homology with plasminogen; increased risk of CVD
E)increases LDL's affinity for macrophage receptors causing plaque
Q5) Describe the transport system that allows for fatty acid synthesis and the molecules involved in transferring acetyl-CoA into cytoplasm.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Protein
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90 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Dietary proteins must be completely hydrolyzed to free amino acids,because only free amino acids are absorbed by the enterocyte.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Succinyl-CoA is generated by the oxidation of ____.
A)leucine
B)isoleucine
C)methionine
D)valine
Q3) What is the role of the liver in amino acid metabolism? Discuss three actions that occur in the liver as amino acids from the portal vein enter the liver.Your answer should include the types of compounds that are synthesized and the metabolic reactions involved.
Q4) Incomplete proteins are derived from foods of animal origin such as eggs,milk,cheese,meat,and fish.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What are the indicators of visceral protein status and why are some more sensitive to changes than others?
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Chapter 7: Integration and Regulation of Metabolism and the Impact of Exercise
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90 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Carbohydrate loading is a dietary and exercise strategy used to maximize ____.
A)glycogenolysis
B)glycolysis
C)lipolysis
D)glycogen storage in muscle and live
Q2) Which substances become the main fuel for high-intensity exercise lasting more than one hour?
A)plasma fatty acids
B)glucose and fructose
C)glycogen and glucose
D)ketone bodies
Q3) Supplementation with proteins and amino acids in conjunction with resistance training is aimed at ____.
A)increasing muscle mass
B)speeding up muscle contraction
C)adding more muscle fibers to the muscle
D)reducing reliance on oxygen
Q4) The tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle)is used to produce ATP.It includes several intermediates that enter into anabolic pathways.List three of these intermediates and briefly describe their functions.
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Chapter 8: Energy Expenditure, Body Composition, and Healthy Weight
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91 Verified Questions
91 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The connection between body,weight,body fat,and health were recognized centuries ago by ____.
A)Hippocrates
B)Socrates
C)Galen
D)Plato
Q2) In degrees Fahrenheit,how much of a change in body temperature both up and down is tolerable before death results?
A)10 up, 10 down
B)5 up, 10 down
C)10 up, 5 down
D)5 up, 5 down
Q3) Which of the following is a suggested reason for the persistent feeling of hunger in the presence of increased leptin levels?
A)lack of leptin receptors
B)ghrelin overproduction
C)leptin resistance
D)damage to the hypothalamus
Q4) Describe metabolic syndrome and give the criteria for its clinical diagnosis.
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Chapter 9: Water-Soluble Vitamins
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Sample Questions
Q1) Abnormally high urinary excretion of xanthurenic acid may be an indication of niacin deficiency.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Discuss niacin equivalents and how they are calculated based on protein intake.
Q3) Hair loss associated with eating raw eggs may be reversed by treatment with ____.
A)niacin
B)thiamin
C)biotin
D)ascorbic acid
Q4) Folic acid fortification has ____.
A)not caused the decrease in NTDs that was expected
B)had no effect on the number of NTDs in this country
C)caused a greater decrease in NTDs than was expected
D)reduced the number of various NTDs by 11-50% in different studies
Q5) Most thiamin in the American diet comes from products that have been enriched.
A)True
B)False
Q6) What is the significance of vitamin C to carnitine and fat metabolism?
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Fat-Soluble Vitamins
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which tocopherol form of vitamin E has biologic activity?
A)alpha
B)beta
C)gamma
D)delta
Q2) Which vitamin D molecule would you expect to see in fortified foods?
A)ergocalciferol-vitamin D
B)calcidiol-25-OH D
C)calcitriol-1,25-OH D
D)cholecalciferol-vitamin D
Q3) Risk of vitamin K deficiency is greatest in ____.
A)newborns
B)children
C)adolescents
D)older people
Q4) All of the functions of vitamin A are carried out by retinoic acid via transcriptional mechanisms.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Why are vitamins A and E said to be antagonists of vitamin K?
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Major Minerals
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90 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The binding protein that regulates many of the calcium-dependent enzymes is
A)calcitonin
B)calmodulin
C)albumin
D)globulin
Q2) Paracellular absorption of calcium ____.
A)occurs by diffusion mainly in the jejunum and ileum
B)requires a membrane channel protein called TRPV6
C)requires energy and is saturable
D)increases with low dietary calcium intakes
Q3) The Tolerable Upper Limit for phosphorus drops after age 70 due to ____.
A)a slower metabolic rate in the elderly
B)a reduced need for phosphorus
C)a greater need for calcium
D)a greater likelihood of impaired renal function
Q4) Phosphorous absorption takes place in the small intestine but predominantly in the jejunum.
A)True
B)False
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Water and Electrolytes
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90 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which hormone,mediated by the enzyme renin,is primarily responsible for active reabsorption of sodium ions in the distal and collecting tubules?
A)antidiuretic hormone
B)aldosterone
C)androsterone
D)adrenocortical
Q2) How does potassium help to maintain acid-base balance?
Q3) Buffers exist individually as either acids or bases.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Diffusion refers to the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane based on differences in solute concentrations.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Describe three mechanisms by which the kidneys conserve/excrete potassium or maintain potassium balance.
Q6) If an individual is suffering from hypertension and has been advised to reduce his or her sodium intake,what foods should be avoided? How much sodium is present in a teaspoon of table salt?
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Chapter 13: Essential Trace and Ultratrace Minerals
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90 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Iodine deficiency associated with neurological problems in infants results in ____.
A)cretinism
B)Keshan disease
C)goitrin
D)goiter
Q2) Iron regulatory protein (IRE-BP)is activated (i.e.,to bind IREs)by iron.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Hemochromatosis is a genetic disorder that ultimately results in the excessive accumulation of iron in certain tissues.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Excessive intake of nonheme iron interferes with absorption of which mineral by an unknown mechanism?
A)manganese
B)zinc
C)chromium
D)selenium
Q5) Which factors inhibit the absorption of zinc and by what mechanisms do they act?
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Chapter 14: Nonessential Trace and Ultratrace Minerals
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90 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Although all produce symptoms of toxicity,not all of the important trace elements have a Tolerable Upper Intake Level established.Give the UL and/or the toxicity symptoms of arsenic,boron,nickel,silicon,and vanadium.
Q2) silicon
A)decreased collagen,long bone,and skull abnormalities
B)paired fertility,reduced survival,growth,and development
C)impaired growth and reproduction
D)impaired bone health,cognitive/brain function,and immune response
E)depressed reproduction and growth; impaired hematopoiesis
Q3) More than 85% of ingested boron is absorbed as boric acid by passive diffusion.
A)True
B)False
Q4) No federal limits in foods or juices have been established for which ultratrace element,which is well known for its toxicity?
A)arsenic
B)cobalt
C)boron
D)vanadium
Q5) Explain the physiological role of silicon in normal growth and bone development.
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