Advanced Nursing Research
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Course Introduction
Advanced Nursing Research is designed to deepen students' understanding of research methodologies and evidence-based practice in the nursing field. This course covers quantitative and qualitative research designs, data analysis techniques, and critical appraisal of scholarly literature. Students will explore ethical considerations in research, the development of research proposals, and tools for disseminating findings to improve patient care and healthcare systems. Through this course, students will enhance their analytical skills and gain practical experience in designing and implementing research projects relevant to contemporary nursing practice.
Recommended Textbook Nursing Research 7th Edition by Geri LoBiondo Wood
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Integrating the Processes of Research and
Evidence-Based Practice
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Q1) The nurse researcher is conducting a research study using a dozen subjects who were interviewed regarding their experience with postpartum depression.The researcher opts for a qualitative research design.What would be the most accurate rationale for the researcher choosing this type of design?
A) Quantitative research is usually conducted in natural settings using data that are words rather than numbers.
B) Qualitative research seeks to explain cause-and-effect relationships between variables.
C) Quantitative research seeks to answer a question about a human experience.
D) Qualitative research collects data from a small number of subjects, allowing for in-depth study of a phenomenon.
Answer: D
Q2) Which action demonstrates the role of a knowledgeable consumer of nursing research?
A) Designing a research study
B) Analyzing data to determine outcomes
C) Evaluating the credibility of the research findings
D) Implementing an intervention found to be effective in one clinical study
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: Research Questions, hypotheses, and Clinical Questions
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Q1) How is a hypothesis different from a research problem?
A) There is no difference between a research problem and a hypothesis.
B) A hypothesis is theory based and a research question is practice based.
C) A hypothesis attempts to answer the question posed by the research problem.
D) A research problem defines clinical research and a hypothesis defines basic research.
Answer: C
Q2) Select the independent variable in the following research purpose: This study will compare the effect of warm and cold applications on the resolution of intravenous (IV)infiltrations in hospitalized,postoperative elderly patients.
A) Postoperative elderly patients
B) Resolution
C) Warm and cold applications
D) IV infiltrations
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Gathering and Appraising the Literature
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Q1) What resource represents the most comprehensive print source for nursing literature?
A) MEDLINE
B) Card catalogue
C) World Wide Web
D) Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL)
Answer: D
Q2) Which statement represents an operational definition?
A) Spirituality is a way of being or experiencing that comes about through an awareness of a transcendent dimension and one's identifiable values with regard to self, other, nature, and whatever one considers to be ultimate (Elkins, 1988).
B) Death anxiety is an uncomfortable feeling on contemplation of one's own death (Templer, 1986), measured by Templer's Death Anxiety Scale.
C) Maternal identity entails maternal cognitions and affect with regard to the maternal-infant relational system (Walker and Montgomery, 1994).
D) Pain is a pattern of responses to protect the organism from harm (Sternbach, 1979).
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Introduction to Qualitative Research
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Q1) Which mode of clinical application for qualitative research would allow a nurse researcher to describe the trajectory of an illness?
A) Insight or empathy
B) Assessment of status or progress
C) Anticipatory guidance
D) Coaching
Q2) Which mode of clinical application for qualitative research would allow a nurse researcher to understand patients better and offer more sensitive support?
A) Insight or empathy
B) Assessment of status or progress
C) Anticipatory guidance
D) Coaching
Q3) Use of the "theory of relatedness" to describe women's relationships,without substantiation in the data,would be an example of which category of qualitative findings?
A) Restricted by a priori (existing theory) frameworks
B) Descriptive categories
C) Shared pathway or meaning
D) Depiction of experiential variation
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Qualitative Approaches to Research
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Q1) What is the purpose of grounded theory?
A) To expand the scope of nursing practice into areas formerly reserved for other disciplines
B) To provide an exhaustive description of how individuals or groups have experienced an event
C) To examine patterns of action and interaction between and among various types of social units
D) To identify precepts and mores common to all members of a distinct cultural or ethnic group
Q2) How does nursing research using a phenomenologic approach differ from more traditional forms of phenomenologic research?
A) The results present the lived experience.
B) The study participants are people with illness, injury, or disease.
C) The focus of the study is the actual or objective phenomenon itself.
D) The focus is on understanding the reality of the phenomenon to the person experiencing it.
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Chapter 6: Appraising Qualitative Research
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Q1) During the critique of the research study,the nurse researcher notes the statement,"Saturation was achieved at the completion of 20 interviews." Which is the significance of this statement?
A) The investigator must collect additional data.
B) The data collection period has ended.
C) Purposive sampling is now needed.
D) Prolonged engagement occurred with subjects.
Q2) The nurse researcher is critiquing a qualitative research study and asks,"Has the researcher remained true to the data? " Which area of the study does this question critique?
A) Conclusions, implications, and recommendations
B) Findings
C) Data analysis
D) Data collection
Q3) Which process should be avoided by a nurse researcher when appraising qualitative research?
A) Comparing the descriptions and analyses from your own experiences
B) Assessing the power analysis to determine the adequacy of the sample size
C) Determining whether the author's conclusions reflect the study findings
D) Identifying the purpose of the research
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Chapter 7: Introduction to Quantitative Research
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Q1) A journal reviewer is critiquing a new quantitative research study that has been submitted for publication.In critiquing the study sections,in what order will components be scrutinized?
A.Design description
B.Research question
C.Sample
D.Data analysis
E.Data collection
A) a, b, c, d, e
B) e, d, c, b, a
C) b, a, c, e, d
D) d, b, a, c, e
Q2) What type of quantitative study would lead a nurse researcher to be less concerned about the issue of control?
A) Paper and pencil
B) Exploratory
C) Experimental
D) Correlational
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Chapter 8: Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs
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Q1) Which statement regarding random assignment or randomization is most accurate?
A) The process decreases the influence of researcher bias but can increase the effect of systematic bias in a study.
B) The process decreases the influence of systematic bias but can increase the effect of researcher bias in a study.
C) Each subject has an equal and known probability of being assigned to any group in a study.
D) Randomization eliminates the need for informed consent.
Q2) How should the experimental treatment initiated by the researcher be described?
A) Independent variable
B) Dependent variable
C) Extraneous variable
D) Outcome variable
Q3) Which factor or characteristic should a nurse researcher expect to see only in an experimental design?
A) Research question or hypothesis
B) Experimental treatment
C) Informed consent
D) Randomization
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Nonexperimental Designs
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Q1) What techniques could a nurse researcher use to establish predictive links between nonmanipulated variables? (Select all that apply.)
A) Data analysis
B) Causal modeling
C) t testing
D) Chi square
E) Model testing
Q2) Why would a nurse researcher choose to use a correlational study of multiple variables?
A) To identify the independent variable
B) To test whether one variable causes another variable
C) To examine relationships between or among variables
D) To distinguish how different one variable is from another variable
Q3) What features will identify a study as methodologic in design? (Select all that apply.)
A) A description of how the tool's items were formulated
B) A description of the experimental treatment
C) A clear definition of how the construct was measured
D) A reporting on the tool's tested reliability and validity
E) A statistical table showing the effect of the independent variable
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Chapter 10: Sampling
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Questions
Q1) The nurse researcher is developing inclusion and exclusion criteria.Which statement is most accurate?
A) These criteria are not needed when the population being studied is composed of events.
B) These criteria serve to ensure that the characteristics of the sample and the population are congruent.
C) Inclusion criteria are used to define the independent variables, and exclusion criteria are used to define dependent variables.
D) Inclusion criteria are used to define the dependent variables, and exclusion criteria are used to define independent variables.
Q2) Which statement regarding sample size is most accurate?
A) Studies with smaller sample sizes have more accurate results.
B) Studies with smaller sample sizes are more likely to be representative of the target population.
C) Studies with larger sample sizes have more accurate results.
D) Studies with larger sample sizes are more likely to be representative of the target population.
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Chapter 11: Legal and Ethical Issues
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Q1) All the following statements appear in a study's informed consent form.Which statement violates the Code of Federal Regulations?
A) "I understand that I may experience a small amount of discomfort during the study when blood is taken from one of my veins."
B) "I understand that the investigator will not be responsible for any harm I experience that results from negligence."
C) "I understand that I will not receive any compensation for my participation in this research study."
D) "I understand this study may not have any immediate benefits to me as a result of my participation."
Q2) What factors might influence whether it is ethical to require an elderly person to participate in a research study? (Select all that apply.)
A) The relevance of the research study to issues important to elderly patients
B) The ethnic background of the potential elderly participant
C) The age of the potential elderly participant
D) The cognitive capacity of the potential elderly participant
E) The degree of risk associated with the study
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Chapter 12: Data-Collection Methods
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Q1) The nurse researcher wants to use a data-collection method with the lowest possible refusal rate.Which type of data-collection method be would be most appropriate?
A) Closed-ended questionnaire
B) Open-ended questionnaire
C) Physiologic measurement
D) Interview
Q2) A nurse researcher is designing a study on objective analysis of vital sign monitoring before,during,and after trauma care in the emergency room.To analyze trends in this process,which types of measurements could the nurse consider incorporating? (Select all that apply.)
A) Available data (records of vital signs)
B) Paper and paper scales
C) Questionnaires
D) Physiologic instruments readouts
E) Interviews
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Chapter 13: Reliability and Validity
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Q1) What property is established when the results of two separately administered tests that measure the same domain or concept are highly correlated?
A) Validity
B) Stability
C) Equivalence
D) Homogeneity
Q2) What is the method or format of the Cronbach's alpha coefficient that a nurse researcher can expect to use as a test for reliability?
A) Comparison of each item in the scale simultaneously with each other item
B) Determination of the correlation between the odd- and even-numbered items of an instrument
C) Determination of a correlation based on the consistency of responses to all items of a single-test form
D) Demonstration of a high degree of agreement when the behavior or change is observed by two or more observers
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Chapter 14: Data Analysis: Descriptive and Inferential Statistics
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Q1) The nurse researcher is using respiratory rate as a variable in a research study.What level of measurement would be most appropriate in this case?
A) Nominal
B) Ordinal
C) Interval
D) Ratio
Q2) Which measures of variability allow for rank ordering with equal intervals? (Select all that apply.)
A) Mode
B) Range
C) Median
D) Mean
E) Semiquartile range
F) Percentile
G) SD
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Understanding Research Findings
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Q1) A researcher makes generalizations beyond the population being studied.What adjective best describes this generalization?
A) Accurate
B) Appropriate
C) Inappropriate
D) Supportable
Q2) Which section of the report will allow the nurse researcher to answer the question, "Does the evidence provided in the findings validate current practice or support the need for change in practice? "
A) Results
B) Discussion
C) Recommendations
D) Methods
Q3) In which section of the report will the nurse researcher address additional findings?
A) Results
B) Discussion
C) Literature review
D) Methods
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Chapter 16: Appraising Quantitative Research
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Q1) Which critical appraisal question would evaluate the research question and hypothesis of a research report?
A) Is there a synthesis summary that presents the overall strengths and weaknesses and arrives at a logical conclusion that generates hypotheses or research questions?
B) What are the sources of bias, and are they dealt with appropriately?
C) How have the purpose, aims, or goals of the study been substantiated?
D) To what population may the findings be generalized? What are the limitations in generalizability?
Q2) A nurse researcher is critically appraising a research report and asks the question "Was interrater reliability calculated? " Which data collection methods and procedures would this question evaluate?
A) Physiologic measurement
B) Interviews
C) Available data records
D) Observation
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Chapter 17: Developing an Evidence-Based Practice
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Q1) What sources of relevant research and related literature are needed for evidence retrieval? (Select all that apply.)
A) Hospital policies
B) Meta-analyses
C) Integrative literature review
D) Anecdotal reports
Q2) What types of support are important for a nurse researcher to achieve success in accomplishing an EBP intervention?
A) Organizational and administrative
B) Staff nurse and nurse manager
C) Researcher and physician
D) Patient and coordinator
Q3) What would be an appropriate EBP performance criterion for a staff nurse?
A) Role models EBP in administrative decision-making
B) Assigns accountability for EBP
C) Provides resources to support EBPs by direct care providers
D) Suggests resolutions for clinical issues based on evidence
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Chapter 18: Tools for Applying Evidence to Practice
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Q1) Which type of support for a nursing intervention is reduced or eliminated by EBP?
A) Expert advice
B) Dated rituals
C) Case studies
D) Qualitative research findings
Q2) In an experiment,when a value is obtained that shows no difference between the treatment and control group,the value is referred to as:
A) Causal
B) Sensitivity
C) Null
D) Positively predictive
Q3) From top to bottom,what are the study designs associated with the strongest level of evidence base? (Select all that apply.)
A) Randomized controlled trial
B) Quasi-experimental
C) Correlational
D) Descriptive study
E) Phenomenal
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