Advanced Nursing Practice
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Course Introduction
Advanced Nursing Practice is designed to equip experienced nurses with the knowledge and skills necessary for broadened clinical roles within dynamic healthcare environments. The course emphasizes evidence-based practice, advanced health assessment, clinical reasoning, and decision-making processes. Students explore leadership strategies, collaborative multidisciplinary care, and health policy frameworks, enabling them to facilitate complex patient care and to drive innovation in healthcare delivery. Focus areas include advanced pharmacology, pathophysiology, and diagnostic reasoning, preparing nurses for roles in specialized and autonomous practice.
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Nursing Research in Canada 4th Edition by Geri LoBiondo Wood
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Chapter 1: The Role of Research in Nursing
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Q1) How are nursing theory and nursing research related?
A) Nursing theory and nursing research are independent of each other and have no direct relationship.
B) Without nursing theory, research conducted by nurses would not have an impact on nursing practice.
C) Nursing research drives the direction and specific content of nursing theory.
D) Both advance the knowledge base of nursing.
Answer: D
Q2) What action or strategy can limit the depth of nursing research?
A) Addressing physiological and psychological responses to actual or potential health problems
B) Employing both qualitative methods and quantitative methods in the same study
C) Developing programs of research that build on prior investigations
D) Using singular measures to assess phenomena
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Theoretical Framework
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Q1) How is the Critical Thinking Decision Path helpful in the research decision process of selecting a quantitative or qualitative study design?
A) It reflects the researcher's beliefs and subsequent research questions and activities.
B) It reflects the method of research study dissemination activities.
C) It reflects research results related to studies focused on critical thinking.
D) It distinguishes between the inductive and deductive reasoning processes.
Answer: A
Q2) Which of the following definitions of paradigm is correct?
A) A way of linking the naturalistic world to empirical thought
B) Philosophical beliefs that influence the way people in a society think about the world
C) A model that captures the interaction of specific variables within a known concept
D) A concept that encompasses the integration of "wholeness," spirituality, and personal worth into scientific thought
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: Critical Reading Strategies: Overview of the Research Process
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Q1) Which level of understanding for critical reading is demonstrated by a reader who views the focus of inquiry from an integrated perspective,with a deep understanding of the interrelated sections of the study?
A) Analysis understanding
B) Synthesis understanding
C) Preliminary understanding
D) Comprehensive understanding
Answer: B
Q2) Which of the following is the best approach to use when reading a research report for the first time?
A) Reading the entire article for specific content, then looking up cited journal articles
B) First reading the conclusions carefully and then skimming the rest of the article
C) Breaking the content into parts to understand each aspect of the study
D) Reading the title and abstract closely and then skimming the content
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Developing Research Questions, Hypotheses, and Clinical Questions
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Q1) Which type of format is demonstrated by the following research question? "Is there a relationship between self-esteem and body weight among postmenopausal women?"
A) Correlational
B) Comparative nonexperimental
C) Quantitative experimental
D) Phenomenological
Q2) Which part of the following research question is the independent variable? "To what degree will body weight change individually in a group of Aboriginal women over 50 years of age who participate in a program of walking?"
A) "Women over 50"
B) "Body weight change"
C) "Aboriginal women"
D) "Participate in a program"
Q3) Which type of research studies is expected to have research questions rather than hypotheses?
A) Experimental studies
B) Exploratory studies
C) Correlational studies
D) Predictive studies
6
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Chapter 5: Finding and Appraising the Literature
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Q1) Which of the following is the most important question to ask when evaluating a journal article's literature review?
A) How was the review conducted?
B) Was every relevant article critiqued?
C) Does the literature review reveal existing knowledge?
D) Was there an appropriate number of secondary sources?
Q2) Which of the following statements about literature review for research purposes is true?
A) Literature review has no relevance to interpreting the findings.
B) The researcher needs to review only the literature that supports the findings.
C) The researcher should review literature that supports the findings and also literature that refutes the findings.
D) Literature review is of relevance to the conceptualization of the study.
Q3) Where is the literature review typically found in a research report?
A) In the abstract
B) In the Discussion section
C) Following the Methods section
D) After the beginning of the report
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Chapter 6: Legal and Ethical Issues
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Q1) Women have been excluded as participants in many randomized controlled trials because
A) it is difficult to include both genders.
B) female hormones may interact with the drugs studied.
C) women are generally more difficult to recruit as participants.
D) female participants may not realize they are pregnant, thus putting the fetus at risk.
Q2) The nurse researcher is planning a research study that will use human participants and their choice to participate in a specific treatment.The ethical principle that describes a prospective participant's freedom to choose whether or not to participate in the research study is what?
A) Promoting Justice
B) Promoting Health and Well-Being
C) Maintaining Privacy and Confidentiality
D) Preserving Dignity
Q3) The Research Ethics Board (REB)is responsible for
A) approval of the research design.
B) protecting participants from undue risk.
C) ensuring that informed consent is obtained.
D) promotion of nursing research in health care institutions.
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Chapter 7: Introduction to Qualitative Research
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Q1) By what process does the nurse researcher set aside personal biases in order to avoid leading the participant to issues that may be important to the researcher?
A) Inference
B) Avoidance
C) Bracketing
D) Restructuring
Q2) Which of the following study purposes and methodological procedures is inappropriate for qualitative methods?
A) Testing of a new hypothesis
B) Using an intensive approach to data collection
C) Using inductive analysis with the captured data
D) Examining individual responses to a nonmodifiable situation
Q3) In what section of the study does the researcher typically describe new conceptual conclusions from the study?
A) Abstract
B) Conclusion
C) Data Analysis
D) Literature Review
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Chapter 8: Qualitative Approaches to Research
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Q1) Which of the following titles suggests that the study employs the ethnographic method?
A) The Phenomenon of Breast Self-Examination Among African-Canadian Women
B) The Lived Experience of Breast Cancer in Postmenopausal Women
C) The Need for Culturally Sensitive Cancer Prevention Patient Education Materials
D) Preserving Femininity After Mastectomy
Q2) Which of the following pioneers of qualitative nursing research is known for the phenomenological study that provided the basis for the theory of "human becoming"?
A) Leininger
B) Newman
C) Parse
D) Strauss
Q3) Which of the following is considered the foundation of the grounded theory method of qualitative research?
A) Cultural anthropology
B) Spirituality or religiosity
C) Philosophy, art, and science
D) Symbolic interaction and social science
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Chapter 9: Introduction to Quantitative Research
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Q1) Why is the administration of a pretest a cause for concern in a research study?
A) It is a threat to internal validity, as it may affect the posttest results.
B) It is a threat to external validity, as it may affect the posttest results.
C) It is a form of selection bias that contributes to the problem of maturation.
D) It is a form of maturation that contributes to the problem of selection bias.
Q2) Which of the following factors would be considered a mediating variable among potential participants in a study to determine whether high doses of vitamin C are helpful in reducing susceptibility to influenza?
A) Gender and religion of the potential participants
B) The participants' previous experience with influenza
C) The participants having received influenza vaccination
D) The educational level and marital status of the potential participants
Q3) Which of the following actions in a quantitative research study represents a measure to eliminate bias on the dependent variable?
A) Establishing strict eligibility criteria for the study participants
B) Ensuring that all data are collected by a single researcher
C) Formulating at least two hypotheses for each research question
D) Testing a theoretical framework
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Chapter 10: Experimental and Quasiexperimental Designs
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Q1) Which action would increase the control of an experimental study?
A) Establishing strict criteria for participant selection
B) Allowing participants to decide whether or not to be in the experimental group
C) Ensuring that participants do not know the purpose of the experimental study
D) Increasing the number of assistants involved in data collection
Q2) How differently is the independent variable handled in studies with an experimental design or a quasi-experimental design?
A) An independent variable is not identified or needed in a quasi-experimental design.
B) Both designs identify an independent variable, and both manipulate the independent variable.
C) Experimental designs demonstrate that the independent variable is related to the outcome, but quasi-experimental studies allow for independent variables that stand alone.
D) Although both designs identify an independent variable, experimental designs identify it before the research is initiated, and quasi-experimental designs identify it after the data have been analyzed.
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Chapter 11: Non-Experimental Designs
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Q1) Which of the following titles is most suggestive of a longitudinal study?
A) Effect of Prenatal Parenting Classes on Maternal-Infant Bonding in the Early Postpartum Period
B) Change in Self-Esteem Over Time Among Women Participating in a Weight Loss Support Group
C) Relationship Between Self-Esteem and Successful Breastfeeding at 1 Month After Birth
D) Women's Appraisal of the Diagnosis Within the First 48 Hours After Initial Diagnosis of Breast Cancer
Q2) Which types of research designs are considered to be relationship-difference studies?
A) Descriptive
B) Exploratory
C) Correlational
D) Developmental
E) Comparative
F) Cross-sectional
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Chapter 12: Sampling
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Q1) A nurse researcher should attempt to clearly specify exclusion criteria for a study sample because such criteria will do what?
A) Limit the time needed to complete the study
B) Reduce the effect of extraneous variables on the accurate evaluation of the outcome variable
C) Eliminate the outside influences and inferences regarding the effectiveness of a behavioural intervention
D) Ensure that an adequate sample size is accrued to meet assumptions for accurate statistical analysis
Q2) A nurse researcher should be particularly concerned about having a small sample size for which reason?
A) There is increased risk of obtaining a nonrepresentative sample.
B) There is increased risk of a study participant interacting with another study participant.
C) There is increased potential for loss of confidentiality.
D) There is increased regression toward the mean.
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Chapter 13: Data Collection Methods
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Q1) A nurse researcher is working with students experiencing test anxiety.The nurse has the students take a test while she watches through a two-way mirror.What does this approach incorporate?
A) Observation
B) Interviewing
C) Reactivity
D) Structured interviewing
E) Concealment
Q2) Which data-collection method would be most appropriate in studying "death anxiety" in preschool children with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)?
A) An unstructured interview
B) Asking parents about their children's fear of death
C) Children's responses on a paper-and-pencil death anxiety scale
D) Children's verbal responses to pictures depicting various issues related to death
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Chapter 14: Rigour in Research
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Q1) A group of researchers developing an instrument performed a test-retest on the instrument with an interval of 5 days.This testing resulted in a correlation coefficient of 0.38.The nurse researcher interprets this as being indicative of what?
A) Instrument is stable; high reliability
B) Instrument is stable; low reliability
C) Instrument is unstable; high reliability
D) Instrument is unstable; low reliability
Q2) What is being established when a researcher submits a few items to each of several concepts on an instrument? For example,a questionnaire on measuring depression has items on emotional and physical abuse.
A) Content validity
B) Construct validity
C) Concurrent validity
D) Criterion-related validity
Q3) When validity of an instrument is determined,the nurse researcher assesses what?
A) Stability
B) Variance
C) Accuracy
D) Precision
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Chapter 15: Qualitative Data Analysis
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Q1) Which of the following is an important feature of most qualitative analysis methods?
A) Primary and secondary documents serving as main data sources
B) Data collection and analysis occurring in a cyclic, interrelated manner
C) Observation being the key method of data collection
D) The researcher's avoidance of personal beliefs and feelings about the topic of focus
Q2) Which of the following sets of stages was included in the model for data analysis introduced by Miles and Huberman?
A) Data reduction, data display, conclusion drawing, and verification
B) Writing memos, keeping reflective journals, creating analytical files, quoting participants
C) Skimming data, analyzing themes, creating demographic charts
D) Coding data by marking, sorting, and redefining
Q3) Why do qualitative researchers include "member checking" in data analysis?
A) To ensure that all participants intend to remain in the study over time
B) To ensure that all participants have experience with the topic of focus
C) To have the participants validate interpretations of the data
D) To ensure that all participants feel comfortable about their participation in the study
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Chapter 16: Quantitative Data Analysis
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Q1) What is indicated by a correlation?
A) The most frequently occurring score
B) Variability of scores from the mean
C) Range of the middle 50% of the scores
D) Magnitude and direction of the relationship between variables
Q2) The nurse researcher opts to use ratio-level data.The researcher's primary concern will be what?
A) Categories must be mutually exclusive.
B) Intervals between data categories must be equal.
C) The rank of zero (0) represents the absence of the measured variable.
D) Variance between assigned categories is qualitative rather than quantitative.
Q3) The nurse researcher is interested in describing the assignment of numbers to objects or events.This is best achieved in which way?
A) Through use of prediction
B) Through use of dispersion
C) Through use of variability
D) Through use of measurement
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Chapter 17: Presenting the Findings
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Q1) What is the use of tables in a research report?
A) They are intended to repeat the narrative description of the results.
B) They should contain only statistically significant results.
C) Their intended use is to eliminate the need for a narrative description of the findings.
D) They must have clear and accurate titles and headings to be of value.
Q2) Which section of the report allows a nurse researcher to interpret the evidence provided?
A) Results
B) Discussion
C) Literature review
D) Methods
Q3) In which section of the report will the nurse researcher address applicability to practice and future research?
A) Results
B) Discussion
C) Literature review
D) Methods
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Chapter 18: Critiquing Qualitative Research
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Q1) What does the inclusion of study themes represent in the presentation of a qualitative research study?
A) The actual written report
B) The operational definition of the study's conceptual framework
C) The labelling of similar ideas shared by the study participants
D) The relationship between the hypotheses and the research questions
Q2) Which of the following titles is appropriate for a qualitative study?
A) Exploring the Relationship Between Age of Teen and Degree of Maternal Bonding
B) Evaluating Decision-Making Coaching Intervention in Cancer Treatment
C) Using Virtual Reality as a Distraction Method During Chemotherapy
D) Understanding Tradition of Fetal Genital Mutilation
Q3) Participants in qualitative studies may contribute to the design of the study in
A) qualitative research.
B) ethnographic studies.
C) grounded theory studies.
D) phenomenological studies.
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Chapter 19: Critiquing Quantitative Research
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Q1) In evaluating a report of a quantitative research study what is considered an issue related to style?
A) The sample size was appropriate for the statistical tests used.
B) There was one independent variable and two dependent variables.
C) Data described in narrative form within the text would have been more concise if they had been placed in a table.
D) The data presented support the direction of the primary hypothesis.
Q2) Which critical appraisal question would evaluate the review of the literature of a research report?
A) Is there a synthesis summary that presents the overall strengths and weaknesses and arrives at a logical conclusion that generates hypotheses or research questions?
B) What are the sources of bias, and are they dealt with appropriately?
C) How have the purpose, aims, or goals of the study been substantiated?
D) To what population may the findings be generalized? What are the limitations in generalizability?
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Chapter 20: Developing an Evidence-Informed Practice
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Q1) How do "opinion leaders" influence their peers among the staff to adhere to the specific new EIP standard?
A) Bringing in consulting experts
B) Role-modelling the new practice
C) Evaluating the supporting research data
D) Pressuring the staff to adopt the proposed changes
Q2) What types of support are important for success in accomplishing an evidence-informed practice intervention?
A) Organizational and administrative support
B) Staff nurse and nurse manager
C) Nurse researcher and physician
D) Patient and nurse coordinator
Q3) Which of the following actions or processes is considered to be a component of research utilization?
A) Using the results of a study to improve patient care
B) Examining a specific nursing practice for its outcome
C) Reporting research findings in primary data-based journals
D) Asking what would be the impact of changing a specific nursing procedure
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