Advanced Microeconomics Pre-Test Questions - 713 Verified Questions

Page 1


Advanced Microeconomics

Pre-Test Questions

Course Introduction

Advanced Microeconomics delves into the foundational theories and mathematical frameworks underpinning individual decision-making, market mechanisms, and strategic interactions among rational agents. The course covers topics such as consumer and producer theory, general equilibrium, game theory, mechanism design, and information economics. Emphasizing both abstract modeling and real-world applications, students will develop analytical skills to interpret market outcomes, assess policy implications, and understand the limitations of economic models in the presence of market failures or information asymmetries.

Recommended Textbook

Microeconomics An Intuitive Approach with Calculus 2nd Edition by Thomas Nechyba

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29 Chapters

713 Verified Questions

713 Flashcards

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Page 2

Chapter 1: Introduction

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Sample Questions

Q1) A spontaneous order emerges from individual decisions that cause something to "work" without anyone planning for it to "work".

A)True

B)False

Answer: True

Q2) When economists say that policy A is more efficient than policy B, they mean policy A is better than policy B.

A)True

B)False

Answer: False

Q3) One of the aims of positive economics is to rank policies under consideration from most desirable to least desirable.

A)True

B)False

Answer: False

Q4) In order to predict behavior, economic models must be realistic.

A)True

B)False Answer: False

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Chapter 2: A Consumers Economic Circumstances

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Sample Questions

Q1) In a graph of choice sets, a price change causes the slope of budget lines to change.

A)True

B)False

Answer: True

Q2) When the good on the horizontal axis is a composite good, the slope of the budget constraint is minus the price of the good on the vertical axis.

A)True

B)False

Answer: False

Q3) Suppose that the price of a TV is $200 and he price of an MP3 player is $50.What is the opportunity cost of a TV (in terms of MP3 players), and what is the opportunity cost of an MP3 player (in terms of TVs)?

Answer: The opportunity cost of a TV is 4 MP3 players, and the opportunity cost of an MP3 player is one fourth of a TV.

Q4) The budget line on a graph represents choices which exhaust all resources.

A)True

B)False

Answer: True

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4

Chapter 3: Economic Circumstances in Labor and Financial Markets

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Sample Questions

Q1) The opportunity cost of current consumption differs for borrowers and savers only if the interest rate for savers differs from the interest rate for borrowers.

A)True

B)False

Answer: True

Q2) An increase in the interest rate is an increase in the opportunity cost of consuming in the future.

A)True

B)False

Answer: False

Q3) Since interest rates for borrowing are usually higher than interest rates for savings, the intertemporal budget constraint has an inward kink for individuals that earn income now and in the future.

A)True

B)False

Answer: False

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Chapter 4: Tastes and Indifference Curves

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Sample Questions

Q1) The number of units of the good on the horizontal axis that we are willing to give up to get one more unit of the good on the vertical axis is equal to the absolute value of the slope of the indifference curve.

A)True

B)False

Q2) Explain the following statement: Individuals with different tastes might have the same tastes at the margin at their current consumption bundles.

Q3) Suppose bundle A is better than bundle B for a consumer, and bundle C is an average of bundles A and B.

a.Use the continuity, convexity and monotonicity assumptions to formally prove that this implies that bundle C is better than bundle B.

b.Did you also -- implicitly or explicitly -- use the rationality axioms?

Q4) You like bundle A better than bundle B, and bundle C is an average between A and

B.If your tastes satisfy convexity, then C is at least as good as A and as B.

A)True

B)False

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Chapter 5: Different Types of Tastes

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Sample Questions

Q1) Homothetic tastes are always tastes over essential goods.

A)True

B)False

Q2) If tastes are Cobb-Douglas, they can be represented by a utility function that is homogeneous of degree k where k can take on any positive value.

A)True

B)False

Q3) Suppose you are very picky about your outdoor BBQ experiences --- and you need exactly 1 cup of lighter fluid for each bag of charcoal you use.If you have either leftover charcoal or leftover lighter fluid, you simply discard it.

a.With cups of lighter fluid on the horizontal and bags of charcoal on the vertical axis, illustrate some of your indifference curves.

b.Suppose that your favorite charcoal has just gotten better because the producer has infused the charcoal with half a cup of lighter fluid per bag.How does your answer to (a) change?

c.How could you change the units in which lighter fluid is measured on the horizontal axis to get your graph from (b) to look the same as you original graph in (a)?

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Chapter 6: Doing the Best We Can

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Sample Questions

Q1) Which of the following is correct about a consumer's optimization problem:

A)In order for a consumer to not be optimizing at a corner solution, it is necessary for us to assume that all goods are essential.

B)In order for a consumer to not be optimizing at a corner solution, it is sufficient for us to assume that all goods are essential.

C)In order for a consumer to not be optimizing at a corner solution, it is necessary and sufficient for us to assume that all goods are essential.

D)None of the above.

Q2) Essential goods give rise to corner solutions.

A)True

B)False

Q3) Explain how we can estimate the shape of a person's indifference map by observing choices under different economic circumstances.Explain also why we will not be able to identify any non-convexities in tastes from our observations.

Q4) Suppose that choice sets are convex.State assumptions about tastes that are necessary and sufficient to guarantee that the first order conditions are necessary and sufficient for identifying a true optimum.

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Chapter 7: Income and Substitution Effects in Consumer

Goods Markets

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Sample Questions

Q1) Every Giffen good is a necessity but not every interior good is a necessity.

A)True

B)False

Q2) At most museums, you can either buy a year-long membership that gives you free access to the museum any time, or you can pay a daily fee every time you visit.(Assume for purposes of this exercise that everyone can in principle afford the year-long membership.)

A)Those who choose to pay the daily fees all place the same value on their marginal museum visit.

B)We cannot tell how much value anyone places on the marginal museum visit because we cannot compare utility across individuals.

C)If someone is indifferent between the two options, she will go to the museum at least as much if she chooses the year-long membership than if she does not.

D)Both (a) and (c) are true.

E)Both (b) and (c) are true.

Q3) Every necessity is a normal good, but not all normal goods are necessities.

A)True

B)False

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Chapter 8: Wealth and Substitution Effects in Labor and Capital Markets

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Sample Questions

Q1) As long as both current and future consumption are normal goods, a decrease in the interest rate will result in a drop in savings.

A)True

B)False

Q2) The more substitutable current consumption is with future consumption, the more likely it is that an increase in the interest rate will cause an increase in savings.

A)True

B)False

Q3) Assuming no kinks in indifference curves and assuming our usual assumptions about tastes hold, someone who currently neither saves nor borrows will begin to borrow when the interest rate falls.

A)True

B)False

Q4) The amount of work a person will do as wage increases depends entirely on the size of the wealth effect.

A)True

B)False

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Chapter 9: Demand for Goods and Supply of Labor and Capital

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Sample Questions

Q1) Holding all prices fixed, income-demand curves relate changes in exogenous income to changes in the quantity of a good demanded.

A)True

B)False

Q2) For the same sized substitution effect, own-price demand curves for inferior goods are steeper than own price demand curves for normal goods.

A)True

B)False

Q3) Suppose your tastes over consumption and leisure have constant elasticity of substitution.I observe that, when your wage went up, you continued to work the same number of hours.From this, I can conclude that you have Cobb-Douglas tastes. A)True

B)False

Q4) An increase in the price of good 2 will cause the demand curve for good 1 to shift out. A)True

B)False

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Chapter 10: Consumer Surplus and Deadweight Loss

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Sample Questions

Q1) If tastes are homothetic, there exists a utility function (that represents those tastes) such that the indirect utility function is homogeneous of degree 1 in income.

A)True

B)False

Q2) If a person's compensated demand (or MWTP) curve is perfectly vertical, the good is borderline between regular inferior and Giffen for this consumer.

A)True

B)False

Q3) Suppose x is an inferior good.Then we will overestimate the deadweight loss from taxes on consumption good x if we use the uncompensated demand curve rather than the marginal willingness to pay (or compensated demand) curve.

A)True

B)False

Q4) When a taxed good is normal, using the (uncompensated) demand curve to estimate deadweight loss will over-state the actual deadweight loss.

A)True

B)False

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12

Chapter 11: One Input and One Output: a Short-Run

Producer Model

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Sample Questions

Q1) Price taking producers make zero economic profit when price falls

A)at the lowest point of the average cost curve

B)at the point where marginal cost crosses average cost

C)at the lowest point of the marginal cost curve

D)both (a) and (b)

E)both (a) and C

F)both (b) and (c)

G)All of the above

H)None of the above

Q2) The output level is constant along any isoprofit line.

A)True

B)False

Q3) Price-taking producers have horizontal marginal revenue curves.

A)True

B)False

Q4) In the one-input model, a decrease in output price will always cause labor demand to shift in.

A)True

B)False

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Chapter 12: Production With Multiple Inputs

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Sample Questions

Q1) An increasing returns to scale production function could be quasiconcave.

A)True

B)False

Q2) Suppose capital and labor are perfect complements in production.For output levels between 0 and 100, 2 units of labor together with 1 unit of capital produce 1 unit of output; for output levels between 100 and 200, 1 unit of labor together with 1 unit of capital produces 1 unit of output; and for output levels above 200, 1 unit of labor together with two units of capital produces one additional output.In each graph below, carefully label as much of each graph as you can.

a.On a graph with labor on the horizontal axis and capital on the vertical, illustrate isoquants for 100, 200 and 300 units of output.

b.Is this production technology homothetic?

c.Suppose the wage and rental rates are 10.On a graph with output on the horizontal axis and dollars on the vertical, plot the total (long run) cost of producing 100, 200 and 300 units of output and illustrate the total cost curve.

d.On a separate graph with output on the horizontal and dollars on the vertical axis, illustrate the (long run) marginal cost curve and the approximate shape of the long run average cost curve.

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Chapter 13: Production Decisions in the Short and Long Run

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Sample Questions

Q1) Output supply is more responsive to price in the short run than in the long run.

A)True

B)False

Q2) Short run average expenditure curves are tangent at their lowest point to the long run average cost curve.

A)True

B)False

Q3) (Long run) average cost curves are U-shaped when the production technology has increasing returns to scale and the firm faces recurring fixed costs.

A)True

B)False

Q4) Short run economic costs must be lower than long run economic costs because long run economic costs include the cost of inputs that are fixed in the short run (and thus are not part of short run cost).

A)True

B)False

Q5) The cross-price demand for capital (relative to the wage) may slope up or down. A)True

B)False

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Chapter 14: Competitive Market Equilibrium

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Sample Questions

Q1) An increase in license fees -- a long run recurring fixed cost -- will lead to a drop in the number of firms competing in a competitive industry.

A)True

B)False

Q2) If all firms are identical, output demand shifts cannot cause changes in output price in the long run.

A)True B)False

Q3) A drop in output demand accompanied by a simultaneous drop in output supply will cause the output price to fall.

A)True

B)False

Q4) The long run market supply curve is formed by adding up individual firm supply curves in the industry.

A)True B)False

Q5) Equilibrium prices coordinate the actions of producers and consumers. A)True B)False

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Chapter 15: The Invisible Hand and the First Welfare

Theorem

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Sample Questions

Q1) The First Welfare Theorem states that, invariably, a competitive market results in an efficient allocation of resources and thus maximizes social surplus.

A)True

B)False

Q2) A "social planner" is a fictional societal planner who would always choose the same outcome as the competitive market.

A)True

B)False

Q3) Absent any violations of the conditions underlying the first welfare theorem, the competitive market equilibrium is efficient if and only if tastes are quasilinear.

A)True

B)False

Q4) Absent any violations of the first welfare theorem, the competitive equilibrium is efficient.

A)True

B)False

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Page 17

Chapter 16: General Equilibrium

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Sample Questions

Q1) Consider an Edgeworth Box economy with two individuals and two goods and suppose that the tastes of both individuals are quasilinear in good 1.

a.Suppose initially that individual 1 has relatively little endowment of both good but the competitive equilibrium allocation has him consuming some of each.Illustrate such a competitive equilibrium.

b.Now suppose the government is able to redistribute the endowment in this economy (prior to any trade occurring).In order to achieve a more equitable outcome, the government redistributes some of good 1 from individual 2 to individual 1.Show such a redistribution in your Edgeworth Box.

c.Assume that both individuals continue to consume at an interior solution in the new equilibrium.How will the two individuals' consumption of good 1 change from what it would have been without the redistribution?

d.Would your answer to (c) differ in any way if the government had instead redistributed good 2 from individual 2 to individual 1?

e.How would a sufficiently large redistribution alter your answer?

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Chapter 17: Choice and Markets in the Presence of Risk

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Sample Questions

Q1) If the probability of the bad outcome is 0.5, the benefit level of actuarily fair insurance will be half the premium.

A)True

B)False

Q2) Expected utility theory assumes that individuals have utility functions over a composite consumption good.

A)True

B)False

Q3) The certainty equivalent is less than the expected value of a gamble when tastes are risk averse.

A)True

B)False

Q4) The risk premium is negative when tastes are risk averse.

A)True

B)False

Q5) Suppose an individual has state-independent tastes and invests in risky stocks rather than safe bonds.We can infer that he must be risk loving.

A)True

B)False

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Chapter 18: Elasticities, Price-Distorting Policies, and Non-Price Rationing

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Sample Questions

Q1) Unless goods are Giffen goods, own-price elasticities of demand are always negative.

A)True

B)False

Q2) When leisure is a normal good, the wage elasticity of labor supply is always positive.

A)True

B)False

Q3) Price ceilings have to be set above the undistorted market equilibrium price in order to have any impact.

A)True

B)False

Q4) The concept of "non-price rationing" means that, in general, we can deal with scarcity just as well without prices as with prices.

A)True

B)False

Q5) The wage elasticity of labor demand is always negative. A)True

B)False

20

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Chapter 19: Distortionary Taxes and Subsidies

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Sample Questions

Q1) If either the supply or the demand curve in a goods market is very elastic, a per-unit tax will end up not raising very much revenue.

A)True

B)False

Q2) Suppose tastes for consumption now and consumption in the future have constant elasticity of substitution.It may then be the case that a tax on interest income is efficient even if savings (defined as current income not consumed) fall in response to the tax.

A)True

B)False

Q3) To identify the burden of a per-unit tax on consumers, we have to use the aggregate marginal willingness to pay curve whenever the underlying good is not quasilinear.

A)True

B)False

Q4) The statutory incidence of a tax is the same as the economic incidence of a tax whenever a tax is levied on a side of a market that is perfectly price-inelastic.

A)True

B)False

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Chapter 20: Prices and Distortions Across Markets

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Sample Questions

Q1) Because trade across markets creates winners and losers,the overall surplus in the loser's market is diminished.

A)True

B)False

Q2) Regardless of what types of workers are available in different countries, unrestricted labor outsourcing always results in an equalization of wages across countries.

A)True

B)False

Q3) Explain the impact of speculators on markets is similar and how it may be different from the impact of exporters and importers.

Q4) The larger a country is relative to the rest of the world, the less likely it is to be able to produce a net benefit for its citizens by imposing an import tariff.

A)True

B)False

Q5) When tariffs on imports are eliminated, everyone benefits.

A)True

B)False

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Page 22

Chapter 21: Externalities in Competitive Markets

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Sample Questions

Q1) Transaction costs are the costs incurred by individuals dealing with one another.

A)True

B)False

Q2) In order for a cap-and-trade system to work, it must be that pollution permits are bought by producing firms -- and not given to them as part of an attempt to prevent them to lobby against the cap-and-trade system

A)True

B)False

Q3) The Coase Theorem implies that the reason people sue each other in court is that property rights have not been sufficiently well specified.

A)True

B)False

Q4) In order for a Pigouvian tax to be efficient, the amount of revenue raised plus the economic value of the reduction in pollution must together be larger than the loss in consumer and producer surplus.

A)True

B)False

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Chapter 22: Asymmetric Information in Competitive Markets

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Sample Questions

Q1) Whenever there is adverse selection without signaling or screening, there will be a missing market.

A)True

B)False

Q2) Consider two types of rules that might govern an otherwise unregulated health insurance market: (1) Insurance companies can price-discriminate against the sick and old; (2) insurance companies cannot price discriminate against the sick and old.Explain why, in equilibrium, insurance may be very expensive for the sick and old regardless of which case we find ourselves in.

Q3) In the presence of adverse selection (due to high and low cost consumers), firms will employ screens to get information about consumers so long as this leads to a more efficient competitive equilibrium.

A)True

B)False

Q4) Explain the following statement: "In health insurance markets, moral hazard implies individuals will consume too much health care, whereas adverse selection implies too little health care will be consumed."

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Chapter 23: Monopoly

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Sample Questions

Q1) Monopoly power can last only if there are legal barriers to entry for other firms.

A)True

B)False

Q2) In the presence of positive production externalities, a monopolist might produce the efficient output level.

A)True

B)False

Q3) Consumers prefer inefficient third degree price discrimination to efficient first degree price discrimination.

A)True

B)False

Q4) Depending on the shape of the marginal cost curve, a monopolist might produce an output level on the elastic or the inelastic part of demand.

A)True

B)False

Q5) What are some obstacles to price discrimination that a monopolist who is protected by high barriers to entry might face?

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Chapter 24: Strategic Thinking and Game Theory

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Q1) In simultaneous move Bayesian games, a player's beliefs are fully given by the probability distribution used by "Nature" to assign types.

A)True

B)False

Q2) If all players in a game have a dominant strategy, then there can only be one pure strategy Nash equilibrium to the game.

A)True

B)False

Q3) Suppose a player can play 2 possible actions and has 5 possible decision nodes in a sequential game.Then he has 10 possible strategies he can play.

A)True

B)False

Q4) Suppose a player in a sequential game has 5 potential decision nodes, with 2 possible actions at each node.Then he has 25 possible pure strategies.

A)True

B)False

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Chapter 25: Oligopoly

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Q1) Suppose a market is currently served by an incumbent firm.If a potential entrant can enter prior to the incumbent firm announcing its output (or price), the incumbent cannot deter entry through its actions.

A)True

B)False

Q2) Suppose a market is currently served by an incumbent firm.If a potential entrant can enter prior to the incumbent firm announcing its output (or price), the entrant will enter the market and force the incumbent to compete.

A)True

B)False

Q3) If two simultaneous move Bertrand price competitors have different constant marginal costs, then any price between their marginal costs could be a Nash equilibrium price.

A)True

B)False

Q4) Recurring fixed costs may lead to only one firm producing in a Cournot oligopoly model.

A)True

B)False

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Chapter 26: Product Differentiation and Innovation in Markets

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Q1) Since firms within a monopolistically competitive industry set output where marginal revenue is equal to marginal cost, the size of the fixed entry cost does not impact the equilibrium price.

A)True

B)False

Q2) Since firms outside an industry cannot have an incentive to enter the industry in equilibrium, firms inside a monopolistically competitive equilibrium must be making zero profit.

A)True

B)False

Q3) Without price competition, there is no incentive for product differentiation.

A)True

B)False

Q4) Most firms produce where marginal revenue is equal to marginal cost, but firms in a monopolistically competitive industry instead choose output where average cost is equal to demand.

A)True

B)False

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Chapter 27: Public Goods

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Sample Questions

Q1) Consider a game where individuals are asked to contribute to a public good.Then consider the best response function for individual i, with individual i's contribution measured on the vertical axis and "the average contribution by everyone else" on the horizontal.Then as the number of individuals increases, i's best response function shifts in.

A)True

B)False

Q2) Our free-rider model of voluntary giving suggests that, when the government subsidizes private giving to charity, it's contribution will simply "crowd out" the private contributions so long as no one is at a corner solution.

A)True

B)False

Q3) Tiebout local public good provision is more easily implemented than a Lindahl equilibrium -- because people know each other's tastes locally and can more easily come up with the right way to divide the cost for public goods.

A)True

B)False

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Chapter 28: Governments and Politics

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Sample Questions

Q1) In an election in which there is no policy which can defeat all other policies, the sequence of the votes determines the outcome, even under majority rule.

A)True

B)False

Q2) Suppose voter preferences over a public good funded through a head tax are single peaked.If everyone has the same tastes and the public good is a normal good, then ideal points for higher income individuals will lie to the right of ideal points of lower income individuals.

A)True

B)False

Q3) If a coalition D is decisive over a pair of social outcomes (x,y) under a social choice process that satisfies Arrow's axioms, then another coalition C (that differs from D) cannot be decisive over a different pair (a,b) of social outcomes.

A)True

B)False

Q4) Discuss how a politicians "policy differentiation" from his opponent in an election softens the competition over how much in political rents the politician will be able to collect.

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Chapter 29: What Is Good Challenges From Psychology and Philosophy

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Sample Questions

Q1) When a self-aware, present-biased individual invests in a commitment device that will bind him in the future, he will resent that commitment device when the future becomes the present.

A)True

B)False

Q2) Comment on the following: "Present-biased people are impatient, but impatient people don't necessarily have to be present-biased."

Q3) Of all the constant elasticity of substitution social welfare function, only the one with elasticity of infinity will always choose the efficient outcome from a second-best consumption possibility frontier.

A)True

B)False

Q4) Positive economics does not require us to believe that actual happiness is the same as utility as modeled in economic theory.

A)True

B)False

Q5) What's the Easterlin Paradox -- and in what sense does it suggest reference-dependent preferences?

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