Advanced Dental Materials
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Course Introduction
This course explores the latest advancements in dental materials, focusing on their physical, chemical, and mechanical properties as well as their clinical applications. Students will analyze the science behind restorative, preventive, and prosthetic materials, assessing factors such as biocompatibility, durability, aesthetics, and manipulation techniques. Emphasis is placed on evidence-based selection and the impact of material choice on treatment outcomes. The course also addresses innovations in biomaterials and nanotechnology, ensuring students are equipped to critically evaluate and apply modern dental materials in contemporary clinical practice.
Recommended Textbook
Dental Materials Properties and Manipulation 10th Edition by John M. Powers
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Restorative Dental Materials
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Sample Questions
Q1) In root canal therapy,once all of the pulpal tissue has been removed,the canal is filled with
A) paper points.
B) moisture-resistant sealer.
C) silver point.
D) dental cement.
Answer: B
Q2) Which of the following is(are)examples of indirect restorations?
A) Ceramic inlay
B) All-ceramic crown
C) Ceramic-alloy crown
D) A, B, and C
E) A and C
Answer: D
Q3) Acid-etching is used to bond a pit and fissure sealant to:
A) enamel.
B) dentin.
C) cementum.
D) dental pulp.
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Properties of Materials
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Sample Questions
Q1) Dimensional change usually is expressed as a percentage of:
A) the compressive strength.
B) the shear strength.
C) the tensile strength.
D) an original length or volume.
E) the final length or volume.
Answer: D
Q2) Of the following materials,which has the closest coefficient of expansion to tooth structure?
A) Amalgam
B) Ceramic
C) Filled polymers
D) Composite resins
Answer: B
Q3) The greatest biting forces are on:
A) molars.
B) bicuspids.
C) cuspids.
D) incisors.
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Preventive Dental Materials
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Sample Questions
Q1) It can be difficult to fill a fissure completely with sealant due to _____ trapped in the fissure.
A) air
B) debris
C) moisture
D) all of the above
Answer: D
Q2) Which of the following statements is true of the manipulation of fluoride foams and gels during their application for office fluoride treatment?
A) They should be applied prior to dental prophylaxis.
B) The teeth are to be kept as free from saliva as possible before application of the tray.
C) The troughs of the maxillary and mandibular trays should be completely filled with the gel.
D) After application of the gel, the patient is instructed not to eat for 4 hours.
E) Rinses are recommended for children under six years old.
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Direct Esthetic Restorative Materials
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Sample Questions
Q1) The most likely cause(s)of sensitivity following placement of composite restorations is(are):
A) an occlusal interference.
B) the use of acid etchant during placement.
C) induced internal stress.
D) microleakage of bacteria.
E) both C and D.
Q2) The setting reaction of a composite restorative material is:
A) gelation.
B) polymerization.
C) hysteresis.
D) reduction.
Q3) Advantages of composite provisional materials over acrylic provisional materials include:
A) lower cost.
B) doughy stage for easier handling.
C) harder, more brittle texture.
D) lower heat release during curing.
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6
Chapter 5: Dental Amalgam
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Sample Questions
Q1) The purpose of over-packing the preparation with amalgam is to ensure:
A) adequate contour.
B) correct occlusion.
C) closed margins.
D) all of the above.
Q2) Which of the following is not correct regarding spherical alloy?
A) It sets faster than admixed amalgam.
B) It is easy to condense.
C) It makes better proximal contacts than admixed amalgam.
D) It requires more mercury than admixed amalgam.
Q3) Amalgam scrap should be:
A) disposed of in the trash with other daily refuse.
B) flushed down the drain with ample water.
C) stored in a sealed container in the refrigerator.
D) stored in a sealed container containing x-ray fixer or another reducing agent.
E) stored in a sealed container containing x-ray developer.
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Chapter 6: Finishing, polishing, and Cleansing Materials
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Sample Questions
Q1) The three categories of abrasives used in dentistry are:
A) pumice, tin-oxide, and rouge.
B) finishing, polishing, and cleansing.
C) light, medium, and course.
D) smoothing, wearing, and adhering.
Q2) Which of the following cleaning techniques would be most effective for cleaning stain and plaque from dentures?
A) A 15-minute soak daily with a chemical tablet
B) Using a toothbrush and fluoridated toothpaste
C) Using a denture brush and denture paste
D) Periodic emersions in an ultrasonic cleaner
Q3) Diamond stones are:
A) created using diamond chips.
B) chips added to a binder.
C) formed into discs, cups, or points.
D) all of the above.
Q4) High-copper dental amalgam:
A) should not be polished.
B) can be polished after 8 to 12 minutes.
C) should be polished after 24 hours.
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Chapter 7: Cements
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following cements is used for pulp capping?
A) Zinc phosphate
B) Zinc oxide-eugenol
C) Zinc polycarboxylate
D) Calcium hydroxide
E) Glass ionomer
Q2) Esthetic resin cements are used to:
A) bond metal restorations.
B) bond ceramic restorations.
C) bond orthodontic brackets.
D) fill root canals.
Q3) Compomer cement is indicated for cementation of which of the following types of restorations?
A) Ceramic-metal crowns
B) Traditional all-ceramic crowns
C) Traditional all-ceramic inlays
D) A, B, and C
E) A and C
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9
Chapter 8: Impression Materials
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sodium phosphate acts as a(n)_____ during the setting reaction of alginate hydrocolloid.
A) initiator
B) retarder
C) accelerator
D) sweetener
E) disinfectant
Q2) Recommendations for mixing the alginate include:
A) using ice water.
B) adding the powder to the water.
C) adding the water to the powder.
D) both A and B.
E) both A and C.
Q3) Alginates,when properly mixed by hand,should develop a _____ consistency free of _____ in less than 1 minute for the normal set material and should be suitable for making impressions in the mouth.
A) thixotropic; bubbles
B) thixotropic; graininess
C) smooth and creamy; bubbles
D) smooth and creamy; graininess
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Chapter 9: Model and Die Materials
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Sample Questions
Q1) Orthodontic plaster is a mixture of:
A) impression plaster and model plaster.
B) model plaster and dental stone.
C) impression plaster and dental stone.
D) high-strength/low-expansion and high-strength/high-expansion dental stone.
Q2) High-strength stone requires the least amount of excess water,because the crystals are:
A) large and dense.
B) large and sparse.
C) small and dense.
D) small and sparse.
Q3) When powder and water are added to the mixing bowl:
A) powder should be added first.
B) water should be added first.
C) the second material added should be sprinkled in slowly over a period of about 30 seconds.
D) both A and C.
E) both B and C.
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11
Chapter 10: Waxes
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following waxes may be used for bite registration?
A) Baseplate wax
B) 28-gauge casting wax
C) Bite-registration wax
D) A, B, and C
E) A and C
Q2) At _____ temperatures,waxes hardly flow at all,but as the temperature approaches the melting _____ of the wax,the flow increases.
A) low; point
B) low; range
C) high; point
D) high; range
Q3) Which of the following waxes are categorized as pattern waxes?
A) Baseplate wax
B) Utility wax
C) Inlay wax
D) A, B, and C
E) A and C
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12
Chapter 11: Casting Alloys, wrought Alloys, and Solders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Wrought alloys have a grain structure often described as fibrous.The fibrous structure is responsible for increased yield strength and hardness compared with the cast form of the alloys.
A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second statement is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second statement is true.
Q2) An alloy liquidus is defined as the temperature at which:
A) an alloy begins to melt.
B) all of the alloy melts.
C) some of the alloy freezes upon cooling.
D) all of the alloy freezes upon cooling.
Q3) Pure metals have physical and chemical properties more appropriate to dental applications than alloy metals.Some alloys are formed into restorations by casting.
A) Statement 1 is correct; statement 2 is correct.
B) Statement 1 is correct; statement 2 is incorrect.
C) Statement 1 is incorrect; statement 2 is correct.
D) Statement 1 is incorrect; statement 2 is incorrect.
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Chapter 12: Casting and Soldering
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Sample Questions
Q1) The required temperature of a burnout oven for proper casting will vary,depending on:
A) type of investment.
B) liquidus of the alloy to be cast.
C) composition of the alloy to be cast.
D) A, B, and C.
E) A and C.
Q2) The purpose of flux is to minimize:
A) melting time.
B) melting temperature.
C) oxidation.
D) freezing time.
Q3) To prevent premature freezing in the sprue channel,sprues are generally as _____ in diameter and as _____ as possible.
A) small; long
B) small; short
C) large; long
D) large; short
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14
Chapter 13: Polymers in Prosthodontics
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is(are)true of denture soft liners?
A) They may be used for patients with severe undercuts of the edentulous ridges.
B) The hardness of the long-term acrylic materials increases slowly as the plasticizer is leached out by exposure to oral fluids.
C) Silicone liners do not harden as time passes, because they contain no plasticizer.
D) A, B, and C are true statements.
E) A and C are true statements.
Q2) Not all monomers may be able to participate in the polymerization reaction.Any unreacted residual monomer in the polymer may have significant clinical consequences.
A) Statement 1 is correct; statement 2 is correct.
B) Statement 1 is correct; statement 2 is incorrect.
C) Statement 1 is incorrect; statement 2 is correct.
D) Statement 1 is incorrect; statement 2 is incorrect.
Q3) The process of linking monomers into long chains of polymers is known as:
A) poly(methyl methacrylate).
B) polymerization.
C) pickling.
D) PMMA.
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Dental Ceramics
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Sample Questions
Q1) The fusing temperature of a medium-fusing dental ceramic is _____° C to _____°
A) 1400; 1731
B) 1288; 1371
C) 1093; 1260
D) 871; 1066
Q2) Which is an advantage of milling a ceramic crown?
A) Green state is maximized.
B) It is a one-step process.
C) It requires an elastomeric impression.
D) Laboratory turnaround is minimized.
Q3) Which material is used intraorally to repair fractured ceramic restorations?
A) Ceramic
B) Resin composite
C) Hybrid ionomer
D) Methyl methacrylate
Q4) At the atomic level,ceramics are composed of metal-_____ ionic bonds.
A) hydrogen
B) oxygen
C) glycerol
D) silica
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Dental Implants
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Sample Questions
Q1) Titanium alloy differs from commercially pure titanium,because titanium alloy also contains:
A) 6 wt % aluminum.
B) 4 wt % vanadium.
C) 4 wt % aluminum.
D) both A and B.
E) both B and C.
Q2) Scratches or other disruption of the original manufacturer's oxide layer on the surface of endosseous implants are discouraged.Any contamination of the original surface will increase the risk of failure of the implant to osseointegrate.
A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second statement is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second statement is true.
Q3) Burs for preparation of the implant site are composed of special alloys of:
A) stainless steel.
B) nickel.
C) titanium.
D) platinum.
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Page 17