Advanced Cognitive Psychology Practice Exam
Course Introduction
Advanced Cognitive Psychology delves into the complex processes underlying human thought, perception, memory, and decision-making. This course explores contemporary theories and empirical research on cognitive functions such as attention, language, problem-solving, and reasoning, emphasizing both neural mechanisms and behavioral evidence. Students will engage with recent advancements in cognitive neuroscience, critically analyze experimental methodologies, and consider applications of cognitive principles in real-world contexts. The course is designed to foster analytical skills and a deep understanding of how cognitive processes influence everyday human behavior and mental health.
Recommended Textbook
Congitive Psychology 3rd Edition by E. Bruce Goldstein
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801 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Cognitive Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Reaction time refers to the time between the ________ of a stimulus and a person's response to it.
A) perception
B) mental awareness
C) disappearance
D) presentation
Answer: D
Q2) The "cognitive revolution"
A) occurred rapidly, within a period of a few years, in response to the attacks on Skinner and the development of computers.
B) extended over a long period of time, beginning in the early part of the century, in reaction to Wundt's introspection experiments.
C) was a gradual process that occurred over a few decades.
D) was not really necessary because the study of the mind has been a constant part of experimental psychology since the founding of the first psychology laboratory.
Answer: C
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3
Chapter 2: Cognitive Neuroscience
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Sample Questions
Q1) The occipital lobe is
A) the first place in the cerebral cortex where visual information is received.
B) important for language, memory, hearing, and vision.
C) important for higher functions such as language, thought, and memory, as well as motor functioning.
D) where signals are received from the sensory system for touch.
Answer: A
Q2) Positron emission tomography (PET)utilizes which of the following tools?
A) Disc electrode
B) Microelectrode
C) Radioactive tracer
D) Hemoglobin
Answer: C
Q3) Which of the following neural components is NOT found at the receiving end of neurons?
A) Cell body
B) Dendrite
C) Receptor
D) Axon
Answer: D
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Chapter 3: Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) People perceive vertical and horizontal orientations more easily than other orientations according to the A) principle of size constancy.
B) oblique effect.
C) law of pragnanz.
D) law of good continuation.
Answer: B
Q2) When you listen to someone speaking a foreign language, the words seem to speed by in an unbroken string of sound.To a speaker of that language, the words seem separated.The Gestalt law that is operating here is the law of A) similarity.
B) familiarity.
C) nearness.
D) good continuation.
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Attention
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Sample Questions
Q1) Imagine that U.S.lawmakers are considering changing the driving laws and that you have been consulted as an attention expert.Given the principles of consistent vs.varied mapping, which of the following possible changes to driving laws would most interfere with a skilled driver's automatic performance when driving a car?
A) Passing laws where headlights must be used during the day when the weather is bad
B) Requiring all drivers learn to drive safely on wet roadways using anti-lock brakes
C) Requiring successful curbside parking performance to obtain a license
D) Creating conditions where sometimes a green light meant "stop"
Q2) When we search a scene, initial fixations are most likely to occur on ____ areas.
A) high-load
B) low-load
C) high-saliency
D) low-saliency
Q3) Define change blindness.Explain two sets of experimental data that illustrate this phenomenon.
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Chapter 5: Short-Term and Working Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) The conclusion from the experiment in which a chess master and a chess novice were asked to remember the positions of chess pieces on a chess board was that
A) chess masters outperform novices in all conditions.
B) chess masters have developed better memory skills than novices.
C) novices do better because they are not distracted by irrelevant knowledge about previous chess games.
D) chess masters use chunking to help them remember actual game arrangements.
Q2) Clive Wearing, the ex-choral director, experienced what memory problem?
A) Poor short-term memory
B) Defective sensory memory
C) An inability to form new long-term memories
D) Both a and b are correct
Q3) The episodic buffer directly connects to which two components in Baddley's model of memory?
A) The phonological loop and the visuospatial sketchpad
B) The central executive and long-term memory
C) The central executive and the phonological loop
D) The phonological loop and long-term memory
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7
Chapter 6: Long-Term Memory--Structure
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Sample Questions
Q1) Jocelyn is in an experiment where she is presented words representing categories.She is presented the word "furniture" in an earlier trial, which makes it easier for her later to recall the word "chair" because of the similarity of meaning.Jocelyn's memory enhancement for "chair" due to seeing the word "furniture" illustrates
A) repetition priming.
B) conceptual priming.
C) reconsolidation.
D) mental time travel.
Q2) The defining characteristic of implicit memory is that
A) it always leads to episodic memory for events.
B) it is enhanced by the self-reference effect.
C) we are not conscious we are using it.
D) people use it strategically to enhance memory for events.
Q3) We are conscious of _____ memories.
A) implicit
B) procedural
C) declarative
D) all of the above
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Chapter 7: Long-Term Memory--Encoding and Retrieval
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Q1) According to the levels of processing theory, memory durability depends on how information is
A) encoded.
B) stored.
C) retrieved.
D) all of the above
Q2) Memory performance is enhanced if the type of task at encoding matches the type of task at retrieval.This is called
A) transfer-appropriate processing.
B) episodic-based processing.
C) elaborative rehearsal.
D) personal semantic memory.
Q3) According to memory research, studying is most effective if study sessions are
A) short but all on a single day.
B) long and all on a single day.
C) short and across several days.
D) long and across several days.
Q4) Compare and contrast levels-of-processing theory with transfer-appropriate processing.Describe experimental results for both and highlight their significance to our understanding of memory.
9
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Chapter 8: Everyday Memory and Memory Errors
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Sample Questions
Q1) Much research has been dedicated to improving the reliability of eyewitness testimony.One finding reveals that when constructing a lineup, ____ similarity between the "fillers" and the suspect does result in missed identification of some guilty suspects but also substantially reduces erroneous identification of many innocent people.
A) decreasing
B) increasing
Q2) Much attention has been focused on the misinformation effect because it provides a powerful demonstration of how suggestion can distort our memory for events.Define this effect and discuss how it has been demonstrated.Then, explain three mechanisms proposed to account for the misinformation effect, describing the experiments that have been done to test these mechanisms.
Q3) The experiment for which people were asked to make fame judgments for both famous and non-famous names (and for which Sebastian Weissdorf was one of the names to be remembered)illustrated the effect of _____ on memory.
A) repeated rehearsal of distinctive names
B) source misattributions
C) encoding specificity
D) schemas
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Chapter 9: Knowledge
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Sample Questions
Q1) One of the key properties of the _____ approach is that a specific concept is represented by activity that is distributed over many units in the network.
A) semantic network
B) hierarchical
C) spreading activation
D) connectionist
Q2) In a lexical decision task, participants have to decide whether
A) a statement is true.
B) a letter string is a word.
C) a stimulus is presented.
D) two stimuli are associated.
Q3) Collins and Loftus modified the original semantic network theory of Collins and Quillian to satisfy some of the criticisms of the original model.In their modification, Collins and Loftus account for the typicality effect by
A) creating a "typical" node linked to special concepts in a category.
B) representing more typical concepts as higher in the categorical hierarchy.
C) using shorter links to connect more closely related concepts.
D) none of these
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11
Chapter 10: Visual Imagery
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Sample Questions
Q1) The technique in which things to be remembered are placed at different locations in a mental image of a spatial layout is known as
A) the pegword technique.
B) method of loci.
C) paired-associate learning.
D) a propositional representation.
Q2) "Early" researchers of imagery (beginning with Aristotle until just prior to the dominance of behaviorism)proposed all of the following ideas EXCEPT
A) thought is impossible without an image.
B) images are one of the three basic elements of consciousness.
C) imagery requires a special mechanism.
D) imagery is not required for thinking.
Q3) Discuss mental rotation experimental results and mental-scanning experimental results that support the idea that the spatial experience for both imagery and perception match the layout of the actual stimulus.
Q4) Describe the spatial and propositional explanations of the mechanisms responsible for imagery.Also, explain how the propositional explanation would account for the results of Kosslyn's island mental-scanning experiment.
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Language
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Sample Questions
Q1) Ron is an avid reader.He has a large vocabulary because every time he comes across a word he doesn't know, he looks it up in the dictionary.Ron encounters "wanderlust" in a novel, reaches for the dictionary, and finds out this word means "desire to travel." The process of looking up unfamiliar words increases Ron's
A) lexicon.
B) parser.
C) syntactical capacity.
D) mental set.
Q2) Consider the sentence, "Because he always jogs a mile seems like a short distance to him."
The principle of late closure states that this sentence would first be parsed into which of the following phrases?
A) "Because he always jogs"
B) "Because he always jogs a mile"
C) "he always jogs"
D) "a mile seems"
Q3) Give an example of a garden-path sentence.Explain the syntax-first and interactionist approaches to parsing such sentences.
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Chapter 12: Problem Solving
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Sample Questions
Q1) The best description of the purpose of think-aloud protocols is that they are used to determine
A) what information a person is attending to while solving a problem.
B) which people can be considered more creative in ability to solve problems.
C) how to develop computer programs that best mimic human problem solving.
D) how a person's expertise increases his or her likelihood of solving a problem, relative to a beginner.
Q2) Describe the approach to problem solving involving search.Describe the elements of a problem space.Define the problem solving strategy known as means-end analysis.
Q3) The radiation problem was used in your text to illustrate the role of ____ in problem solving.
A) means-end analysis
B) functional fixedness
C) analogy
D) mental set
Q4) Describe the three steps involved in analogical problem solving.Which step is the most difficult to achieve, and what is the evidence that this is the most difficult step?
Q5) Describe the Gestalt approach to problem solving and provide an example.
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Chapter 13: Reasoning and Decision Making
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Sample Questions
Q1) Consider the following syllogism:
Premise 1: All dogs are cats.
Premise 2: All cats say "meow."
Conclusion: Therefore, all dogs say "meow." Which statement below describes this syllogism?
A) Both premises are valid
B) The conclusion is valid
C) The conclusion is not valid
D) The conclusion is true
Q2) Mr.Huff always passes back exams to his algebra class in descending order (the highest grade is handed out first).Today, Maddelyn was the first to receive her exam.Joy complained, remarking, "Maddelyn, you always get the highest grade in algebra.It was true all last year and so far this year." Maddelyn was not sure if this was correct.To figure out if this was true, Maddelyn should
A) search her memory for instances when she did get her exam back first and for instances when she did not.
B) search her memory for instances when she did not get her exam back first.
C) search her memory for instances when she did get her exam back first.
D) wait until the next exam is passed back to see if she gets hers back first.
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