Advanced Cardiac Life Support
Review Questions
Course Introduction
Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) is a comprehensive course designed for healthcare professionals who manage cardiovascular emergencies. The curriculum includes the recognition and management of cardiac arrest, acute arrhythmia, stroke, and acute coronary syndromes, emphasizing high-quality CPR, airway management, and pharmacology. Through interactive case-based scenarios and hands-on practice, students learn skills in team-based resuscitation, advanced airway techniques, electrical therapy, and post-cardiac arrest care. The course integrates the latest American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines, fostering critical decision-making and effective communication during complex medical emergencies.
Recommended Textbook ECGs Made Easy 5th Edition by Barbara J Aehlert
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10 Chapters
515 Verified Questions
515 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Anatomy and Physiology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which side of the heart is a low-pressure system that pumps venous blood to the lungs?
A) Left
B) Right
Answer: B
Q2) Blood pressure is determined by _____ multiplied by _____.
A) stroke volume; heart rate
B) heart rate; cardiac output
C) cardiac output; peripheral vascular resistance
D) stroke volume; peripheral vascular resistance
Answer: C
Q3) The _____ are the heart chambers that pump blood. Answer: ventricles
Q4) The _____ are the heart chambers that receive blood. Answer: atria
Q5) Briefly describe parasympathetic innervation of the heart. Answer: Parasympathetic (inhibitory)nerve fibers supply the sinoatrial node,atrial muscle,and the atrioventricular junction of the heart by the vagus nerves.
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Chapter 2: Basic Electrophysiology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Complete the following chart: \(\begin{array}{lccc}
\text { Lead } & \text { Positive Electrode} & \text { Heart Surface Viewed } \\
\text { aVR } & ---------& ----------\\
\text { aVL } & ---------& ----------\\
\text { aVF } & ---------& ----------\\ \end{array}\)
Answer: \[\begin{array} { | l | l | l | }
\hline \ { \text { Lead } } & \text { Positive Electrode } & \text { Heart Surface Viewed } \\
\hline \mathrm { aVR } & \text { Riegt arm } & \text { None } \\
\hline \mathrm { aVL } & \text { Left arm } & \text { Lateral } \\
\hline \mathrm { aVF } & \text { Left leg } & \text { Inferior } \\
\hline \end{array}\]
Q2) An ECG lead that has a positive and negative electrode is called a(n)_____ lead. Answer: bipolar
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Chapter 3: Sinus Mechanisms
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following may cause a sinus bradycardia?
A) Stress or anxiety
B) Increased sympathetic tone
C) Fever
D) Hypothermia
Answer: D
Q2) Which of the following correctly reflects the ECG criteria for a sinus rhythm?
A) More P waves than QRS complexes
B) P waves that look alike and upright in lead II,one before each QRS complex
C) Irregular atrial and ventricular rhythm
D) PR interval exceeding 0.20 seconds
Answer: B
Q3) The rate of a sinus bradycardia is _____ beats/min.
A) slower than 60
B) 60 to 100
C) 80 to 120
D) faster than 100
Answer: B
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5
Chapter 4: Atrial Rhythms
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Sample Questions
Q1) To determine whether the ventricular rhythm on an ECG tracing is regular or irregular,compare _____ intervals.
A) PR
B) R to R
C) TP
D) P to P
Q2) Complete the following ECG criteria for atrial tachycardia: Rlythm______________________________________
Rate____________________________________________
p waves_____________________________________________
PR interval_________________________________________
QRS duration____________________________________________
Q3) In atrial fibrillation,the AV node attempts to protect the ventricles from the hundreds of impulses bombarding it per minute by blocking many of the impulses generated by the irritable sites in the atria.
A)True B)False
Q4) Multifocal atrial tachycardia is another name for atrial fibrillation.
A)True B)False
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Junctional Rhythms
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Sample Questions
Q1) The atrioventricular (AV)junction consists of the _____.
A) SA and AV nodes
B) AV node and the Purkinje fibers
C) AV node and nonbranching portion of the bundle of His
D) AV node,bundle of His,and the right and left bundle branches
Q2) Which of the following medications increases heart rate by accelerating the SA node discharge rate and blocking the vagus nerve?
A) Digitalis
B) Atropine
C) Amiodarone
D) Beta-blocker
Q3) An escape rhythm is initiated by a lower pacemaker site when the sinoatrial (SA)node slows or fails to initiate an impulse.
A)True
B)False
Q4) List four reasons why the AV junction may assume responsibility for pacing the heart.
Q5) A beat originating from the AV junction that appears later than the next expected sinus beat is called a(n)_____ _____ _____.
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Chapter 6: Ventricular Rhythms
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following best describes an accelerated idioventricular rhythm (AIVR)?
A) Rapid,chaotic rhythm with no pattern or regularity
B) Gradual alteration in the amplitude and direction of the QRS; atrial rate indiscernible,ventricular rate 150 to 250 beats/min
C) Regular ventricular rhythm with QRS complexes measuring 0.10 seconds or less; P waves may occur before,during or after the QRS; ventricular rate 41 to 60 beats/min
D) Essentially regular ventricular rhythm with QRS complexes measuring 0.12 seconds or greater; atrial rate not discernible; ventricular rate 41 to 100 beats/min
Q2) The term premature ventricular complex is technically more correct than premature ventricular contraction.
A)True
B)False
Q3) An idioventricular (ventricular escape)rhythm has an intrinsic rate of 40 to 60 beats/min.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 7: Heart Blocks
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Sample Questions
Q1) In second-degree and third-degree AV blocks,_____.
A) P waves occur regularly
B) every other P wave is dropped
C) P waves are periodically dropped
D) there are more QRS complexes than P waves
Q2) Indicate the ECG criteria for the following dysrhythmias.
\(\begin{array}{lccc}
& \text { Second-Degree AV Block Type I } & \text { Third-Degree AV Block } \\
\text { Ventricular } \\
\text { Rhythm } & ----------& ---------- \\
\text { PR interval } & ----------& ---------- \\
\text { QRS width } & ----------& ---------- \\
\end{array}\)
Q3) A _____ bundle branch block produces a QS pattern in lead V?.
Q4) The ventricular rhythm is regular in second-degree AV block type I.
A)True
B)False
Q5) A _____ bundle branch block produces a RSR pattern in lead V?.
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Chapter 8: Pacemaker Rhythms
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Sample Questions
Q1) A demand pacemaker is also known as a _____ pacemaker.
Q2) Your patient has a VVI pacemaker.Briefly explain the meaning of each of these letters.
Q3) The first letter of the pacemaker identification code represents _____.
A) the chamber sensed
B) the chamber paced
C) the mode of response
D) programmable functions
Q4) Explain the benefits of a dual-chamber pacemaker.
Q5) In pacing,sensitivity refers to _____.
A) the ability of a pacemaker to recognize and respond to intrinsic electrical activity
B) a pacing lead with a single electrical pole at the distal tip of the pacing lead through which the stimulating pulse is delivered
C) the successful conduction of an artificial pacemaker's impulse through the myocardium,resulting in depolarization
D) the length of time between an atrial sensed or atrial paced event and the delivery of a ventricular pacing stimulus
Q6) Describe what is meant by the term overdrive pacing.
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Chapter 9: Introduction to the 12-Lead ECG
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Sample Questions
Q1) An abnormal (i.e.,pathologic)Q wave indicates the presence of dead myocardial tissue.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Indicative ECG changes observed in leads V<sub>1</sub>,V<sub>2</sub>,V<sub>3</sub>,and V<sub>4</sub> suggest that the _____ wall of the _____ ventricle is affected.
A) posterior; right
B) anteroseptal; left
C) inferolateral; left
D) anterolateral; right
Q3) Patients who experience a(n)_____ myocardial infarction have a greater incidence of heart failure and cardiogenic shock than those who have myocardial infarctions affecting other areas of the left ventricle.
A) lateral
B) posterior
C) inferior
D) anterior
Q4) Describe the appearance of a pathologic Q wave.
Q5) List six leads that view the heart in the frontal plane.
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Chapter 10: Post-Test
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Sample Questions
Q1) The point where the QRS complex and ST segment meet is called the ST junction or the J point.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A _____ bundle branch block produces a QS pattern in lead V<sub>1</sub>.
Q3) Atrial fibrillation is characterized by _____.
A) an erratic,wavy baseline and irregular ventricular rhythm
B) "saw-tooth"- or "picket-fence"-shaped waveforms preceding each QRS
C) one P wave before each QRS and a regular ventricular rate of 60 to 100 beats/min
D) P waves occurring before,during,or after the QRS complex; when seen,they are inverted
Q4) The term ectopic refers to an extra muscle bundle consisting of working myocardial tissue that forms a connection between the atria and ventricles outside the normal conduction system.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Explain the benefits of a dual-chamber pacemaker.
Q6) Describe the appearance of a pathologic Q wave.
Q7) Explain the meaning of the letters in aVR,aVL,and aVF.
Page 12
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