Advanced Behavioral Neuroscience Question
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Course Introduction
Advanced Behavioral Neuroscience explores the neurobiological mechanisms underlying complex behaviors in humans and animals. The course examines the relationship between neural circuits, neurotransmitters, and behavior, utilizing both classic and contemporary research methodologies. Topics include sensory processing, learning and memory, emotion, motivation, decision-making, and neuroplasticity. Special emphasis is given to experimental approaches in behavioral neuroscience, current technologies such as optogenetics and neuroimaging, and the implications of recent findings for understanding neurological and psychiatric disorders. By integrating theoretical concepts with empirical evidence, students will gain a comprehensive understanding of how the brain drives behavior at advanced levels.
Recommended Textbook
Foundations of Behavioral Neuroscience 9th Edition by Neil R. Carlson
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16 Chapters
1924 Verified Questions
1924 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Origins of Behavioral Neuroscience
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109 Verified Questions
109 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain how pet ownership is different from the use of animals in research.
Answer: Pet ownership benefits the owner whereas many persons can benefit from research.Pain and suffering is limited and monitored in animal research but not in pet ownership.
Q2) ________ are physicians trained to diagnose and to treat diseases of the central nervous system.
A) Psychologists
B) Neurologists
C) Anatomists
D) Behavioral neuroscientists
E) Experimental neuropsychologists
Answer: B
Q3) Fritsch and Hitzig used electrical stimulation to locate the primary motor cortex in a dog brain.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) Discuss a role that mutations play in the process of natural selection.
Answer: Mutations may result in a favorable state which will help an organism adapt to its environment.
Page 3
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Chapter 2: Structure and Functions of Cells of the Nervous System
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126 Verified Questions
126 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A drug that inactivates AChE would be expected to
A) prolong the effects of ACh in the synapse.
B) terminate the effects of ACh in the synapse.
C) speed up the synthesis of ACh.
D) impair the synthesis of ACh.
E) activate the presynaptic autoreceptor for ACh.
Answer: A
Q2) Which of the following is true of neurons?
A) Neurons have a high metabolic rate and require a continuous source of fuel.
B) The dendrites store nutrients and oxygen for later use by the soma of the neuron.
C) Dead neurons are consumed by other neurons.
D) Neurons make up 89 percent of the volume of the brain.
E) Dead glial cells are replaced by newly formed neurons.
Answer: A
Q3) Chloride ions are found in high concentration outside neurons.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 3: Structure of the Nervous System
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130 Verified Questions
130 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the neural structures below can be seen in a midsagittal view of the human brain?
A) red nucleus
B) corpus callosum
C) lateral thalamic nuclei
D) hippocampus
E) central nucleus of the amygdala
Answer: B
Q2) Describe the general functions attributed to the hypothalamus.
Answer: The hypothalamus is involved in the control of the pituitary,the sympathetic division of the ANS,and motivated behaviors including feeding,fighting,fleeing,and mating.
Q3) A ________ section made through a human brain divides the brain like a salami. A) transverse
B) horizontal
C) sagittal
D) diagonal
E) cranial
Answer: A
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Psychopharmacology
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127 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Caffeine acts by blocking adenosine receptors.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Describe the four different subtypes of noradrenergic receptors in the brain.How are these receptors differentiated from one another?
Q3) Injecting an animal with a dose of a chemical molecule that is a precursor for the synthesis of a synaptic neurotransmitter would be expected to
A) reduce the availability of that neurotransmitter.
B) increase the rate of synthesis and release of that neurotransmitter.
C) alter the number of postsynaptic receptors.
D) act as an antagonist at autoreceptors.
E) increase neurotransmitter reuptake into the axon.
Q4) A(n)________ is an innocuous substance that has no specific physiological effect.
A) placebo
B) agonist
C) drug
D) pseudotransmitter
E) ligand
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6
Chapter 5: Methods and Strategies of Research
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118 Verified Questions
118 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain how autoradiography can be used to measure the activity of brain cells.
Q2) The _______ is an example of a functional imaging technique.
A) fMRI scan
B) magnetocephalogram
C) EEG recording
D) CAT scan
E) MRI scan
Q3) Which of the following is true of MRI scans?
A) MRI was the first method used to visualize the living human brain.
B) MRI scans can only view the horizontal plane.
C) MRI scans show greater spatial resolution than do CT scans.
D) MRI scans involve the integration of X-ray beams passed through the head.
E) MRI scans show less detail than do CT scans.
Q4) Peptides or proteins can be localized in brain using A) immunocytochemistry.
B) microiontophoresis.
C) in situ hybridization.
D) high-performance liquid chromatography.
E) microdialysis.
Q5) Explain how neuroscientists trace the efferent connections of a brain region.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Vision
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121 Verified Questions
121 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sensory receptors are specialized for the
A) detection of physical stimuli.
B) induction of movement of a limb.
C) detection of specific chemicals released from other neurons.
D) detection of internal-but not external-stimuli.
E) All of the above are correct.
Q2) The intensity of a light stimulus corresponds to
A) brightness.
B) saturation.
C) hue.
D) color.
E) threshold.
Q3) Which of the following is true of achromatopsia?
A) It is produced by damage to area V2 of medial frontal cortex.
B) The blindness is complete for object form as well as object color.
C) The condition impairs current color perception, but not color recall.
D) It is produced by damage to area V8 of the visual association cortex.
E) The condition improves depth perception.
Q4) Compare the anatomy and function of the dorsal and ventral streams.
Q5) Describe the primary visual pathway.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical
Senses
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124 Verified Questions
124 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Recent studies indicate that humans may possess as many as ________ different olfactory receptor genes.
A) 15
B) 215
C) 339
D) 1940
E) 10,112
Q2) Deafness caused by blockage of the ________ can be treated using ________.
A) oval window; cochlear implants
B) round window; the fenestration surgical procedure
C) pinna; the fenestration surgical procedure
D) middle ear; high doses of penicillin
E) scala media; cochlear implants
Q3) Which of the following is NOT a part of the organ of Corti?
A) hair cells
B) basilar membrane
C) tympanic membrane
D) tectorial membrane
E) Deiters's cells
Q4) Explain how the brain codes for the spatial location of sound.
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Chapter 8: Sleep and Biological Rhythms
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125 Verified Questions
125 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is absent during REM sleep?
A) eye movements
B) dreaming
C) genital changes associated with arousal
D) EEG synchrony
E) muscle paralysis
Q2) The notion that sleep or wakefulness is regulated by a substance that circulates within the blood is
A) proven by the observation that naps reduce sleep time the following night.
B) unlikely, given that the cerebral hemispheres of a dolphin sleep at different times.
C) REM and slow-wave sleep appear to involve independent mechanisms.
D) proven by studies of the dolphin sleep cycle.
E)proven by studies in which blood transfusion from a tired person to a rested person results in sleep in the recipient.
Q3) Noradrenergic agonist drugs produce arousal and decrease sleep.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Give two reasons why sleeping medications may not be the right treatment for insomnia.
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Chapter 9: Reproductive Behavior
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121 Verified Questions
121 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ________ plays an essential role in male sexual behavior.
A) central nucleus of the amygdala
B) periaqueductal gray matter
C) medial preoptic area
D) rostral medulla
E) sexually dimorphic nucleus of the supraoptic area
Q2) The principle that best describes an organizational effect of androgens that prevents an animal from showing female sexual behavior during adulthood is
A) aromatization.
B) masculinization.
C) behavioral masculinization.
D) feminization.
E) behavioral defeminization.
Q3) Define the term bisexual and describe its relevance to early prenatal development.
Q4) Growth of axillary (underarm)and pubic hair in females is stimulated by estradiol.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Differentiate between primary and secondary sex characteristics.
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Chapter 10: Emotion
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103 Verified Questions
103 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ________ nucleus of the ________ receives odor and pheromone signals.
A) dorsomedial; thalamus
B) lateral; amygdala
C) medial; thalamus
D) central; amygdala
E) postero-lateral; thalamus
Q2) The text author asserts that ________ have key consequences for survival and reproduction.
A) emotional behaviors
B) moods
C) internal, stirred-up states
D) emotional feelings
E) depressed mood states
Q3) A general function of the prefrontal cortex may be to
A) induce homicidal rage.
B) guide the planning of motor acts.
C) promote sexual arousal.
D) dampen or inhibit emotional reactions.
E) generate rage and anger.
Q4) Defend the proposition that emotional expressions are innate.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Ingestive Behavior
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121 Verified Questions
121 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which pair of peptides contained within the lateral hypothalamus is thought to increase eating?
A) insulin and CCK
B) serotonin and CCK
C) NPY and orexin
D) orexin and melanin-concentrating hormone
E) CCK and ghrelin
Q2) A key effect of ghrelin that results in the stimulation of eating is to A) cause the stomach to release less ghrelin.
B) activate CCK receptors in the brain.
C) activate NPY neurons within the hypothalamus.
D) decrease the release of NPY in the hypothalamus.
E) increase the entry of insulin into the brain.
Q3) Describe the stimuli and receptors that induce volumetric thirst.
Q4) Our short-term fuel reservoir is contained in cells located within the A) adipose tissue.
B) stomach.
C) liver and muscles.
D) pancreas.
E) duodenum.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Learning and Memory
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128 Verified Questions
128 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a conditioned emotional response (CER)study,a tone is paired with a foot shock for a rat.After several trials,the tone alone is a CS that can elicit fear emotional responses.Which of the following is true of the anatomy of this fear response?
A) The central nucleus of the amygdala integrates the pairing of tone and shock information.
B) Tone information is relayed directly to the central nucleus of the amygdala.
C) The lateral nucleus of the amygdala integrates the pairing of tone and shock information.
D) Damage to the lateral nucleus of the amygdala impairs perceptual learning, but not CER learning.
E) Damage to the central nucleus of the amygdala impairs perceptual learning, but not CER learning.
Q2) People with Korsakoff's syndrome can form new memories,but are unable to remember events that occurred prior to their brain damage.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Compare the memory problems that occur in anterograde amnesia with those of retrograde amnesia.
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Human Communication
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108 Verified Questions
108 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Damage to the right hemisphere would likely interfere with which function?
A) producing speech
B) understanding speech
C) moving the right hand
D) reading complex written instructions
E) using prosody cues in speech to communicate your emotional state to others
Q2) Direct dyslexia is similar to ________,but involving ________.
A) transcortical sensory aphasia; spoken words
B) Broca's aphasia; spoken words
C) transcortical sensory aphasia; written words
D) Broca's aphasia; sounds
E) Wernicke's aphasia; written words
Q3) Define the elements of prosody and cite evidence which suggests that prosody is a function of the right hemisphere.
Q4) A person suffering from Broca's aphasia would be expected to
A) show great difficulty in articulating words.
B) easily articulate words like "cigarette."
C) show fluent, articulate speech.
D) be unable to answer yes or no questions about object functions.
E) be unable to read.
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Neurological Disorders
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113 Verified Questions
113 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) An effective treatment for bacterial meningitis involves administration of A) interferon ?.
B) NMDA agonists.
C) antibiotics.
D) L-DOPA.
E) GABA antagonists.
Q2) Which of the following represents a potential therapy for stroke?
A) drugs that promote inflammatory reactions
B) drugs that inactivate GABA receptors
C) drugs that block glutamate receptors
D) introduction of free radicals into the affected brain region
E) drugs that excite glutamate receptors
Q3) A ________ is a mass of cells without useful function that shows uncontrolled growth.
A) tumor
B) cyst
C) nodule
D) gland
E) polyp
Q4) Differentiate between a benign and a malignant tumor.
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Chapter 15: Schizophrenia, Affective Disorders, and Anxiety Disorders
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A homeless person who believes that he is the President of the USA is most likely suffering from a delusion of
A) perception.
B) control.
C) grandeur.
D) low self-esteem.
E) hypochondiasis.
Q2) ________ reduces the symptoms of seasonal affective disorder.
A) Exposing people to ketamine daily
B) Reducing light exposure
C) Prolonged bed rest
D) Administration of a monoamine agonist
E) Prozac
Q3) A serious problem for the use of lithium in treating mania is that
A) lithium can only be used for short periods of time.
B) the drug can produce a fatal overdose.
C) lithium may not work in up to 50 percent of patients.
D) lithium suppresses normal emotions.
E) lithium is the least effective of the current drugs used to treat mania.
Q4) Explain why it is thought that genes convey a susceptibility for schizophrenia.
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Chapter 16: Autistic, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity, Stress, and Substance Abuse Disorders
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119 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain the addictive potential of cocaine in humans.
Q2) Which of the following statements about opiates is NOT true?
A) The most commonly abused opiate is codeine.
B) AIDS is a significant risk factor for many heroin users.
C) The opiate habit is expensive.
D) Opiates are often combined with adulterants that can have toxic effects.
E) Opiate use in a pregnant woman can produce a drug dependency in the child she is carrying.
Q3) Describe the relationship between stress and infectious disease
Q4) ____ refers to a compulsion to take a drug.
A) Craving
B) Allostasis
C) Drug tolerance
D) Homeostasis
E) Withdrawal
Q5) Evidence suggests that smoking is a habit rather than an addiction.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Explain why it is no longer believed that parenting plays a role in producing autism in children.
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Page 19