Advanced Animal Physiology
Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Advanced Animal Physiology explores the complex mechanisms underlying the function of animal bodies at the molecular, cellular, tissue, organ, and systemic levels. The course delves into topics such as neurophysiology, endocrine control, cardiovascular dynamics, respiratory processes, renal function, digestion, and thermoregulation, with emphasis on comparative physiology among different animal taxa. Students will analyze adaptations of various animal species to their environments and examine the physiological responses to internal and external stressors, integrating knowledge from molecular biology, biochemistry, and anatomy to understand homeostasis and functional integration in animals.
Recommended Textbook
Principles of Animal Physiology 3rd Edition by Christopher D. Moyes
Available Study Resources on Quizplus
16 Chapters
1153 Verified Questions
1153 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/2204 Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Physiological Principles
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
41 Verified Questions
41 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/43868
Sample Questions
Q1) Genetic drift results in ________________ evolution,which refers to changes in a population that are not due to differences in fitness.
Answer: neutral
Q2) The proximate cause of an organism's unique characteristic can be answered by
A)studying the animals lineage.
B)looking for evolutionary advantages of the characteristic.
C)identifying the genes that regulate the characteristic.
D)both A and B
Answer: C
Q3) Maintaining homeostasis relies on
A)short-term behavioral changes.
B)short-term physiological changes.
C)long term strategies.
D)all of the above
Answer: D
Q4) Environmental factors can cause __________,or a range of phenotypes from a single genotype.
Answer: phenotypic plasticity
Q5) Factors that generate opposite effects on a pathway are termed __________.
Answer: antagonistic controls
3
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 2: Physiological Evolution of Animals
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
56 Verified Questions
56 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/43869
Sample Questions
Q1) ____________ are often called extremophiles,because they can survive in some of the harshest environments on earth.
Answer: Archaea
Q2) Which of the following statements best describes mollusks?
A)Mollusks include gastropods,bivalves,and cephalopods;they have a reduced coelom,and many move at a sluggish pace.
B)Mollusks include gastropods,bivalves,and cephalopods;many move at a sluggish pace,and all are aquatic.
C)Mollusks include gastropods and bivalves;several bivalves are terrestrial with adaptations to withstand severe dehydration.
D)Mollusks include gastropods and bivalves,have a mantle,and all are aquatic.
Answer: A
Q3) All animals
A)eat other animals.
B)are multicellular.
C)reproduce sexually.
D)are triploblastic.
Answer: B
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
4
Chapter 3: Chemistry, biochemistry, and Cell Physiology
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
78 Verified Questions
78 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/43870
Sample Questions
Q1) All of the following are lipids,EXCEPT
A)steroids.
B)glycogen.
C)triglycerides.
D)phospholipids.
Answer: B
Q2) Organisms typically release more CO during periods of high activity.Based on your knowledge of the TCA cycle,explain how this occurs.
Answer: If activity is increased,there is an increase in the need for ATP.In order to increase ATP production,there will be an increase in the rate of TCA cycle reactions.This leads to an increase in the amount of NADH and FADH produced,which will go through the electron transport system to provide energy for ATP production.Another by-product of the TCA cycle is CO .Thus,when the rate of the TCA cycle increases,so does the rate of CO production.
Q3) The __________ is formed by water molecules that surround water-soluble molecules in a solution.
Answer: hydration shell
Q4) Steroid hormones use __________ as a precursor molecule.
Answer: cholesterol
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 5
Chapter 4: Cell Signaling and Endocrine Regulation
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
72 Verified Questions
72 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/43871
Sample Questions
Q1) A receptor that binds to a ligand at very low concentrations has a
A)high dissociation constant.
B)low K .
C)high affinity for the ligand.
D)low affinity for the ligand.
Q2) __________ are a group of steroid hormones found in all vertebrates.
A)Estrogens
B)Androgens
C)Glucocorticoids
D)All of the above
Q3) The hypothalamic-pituitary portal system transports blood and neurohormones between the
A)hypothalamus and the heart.
B)hypothalamus and the pituitary gland (after returning to the heart).
C)hypothalamus and the posterior pituitary.
D)hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary.
Q4) A signal of one type may be changed to another type of signal using a
Q5) The protein __________ binds four calcium molecules and then interacts with other proteins in the cell,including CaM kinases.
Page 6
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 5: Neuron Structure and Function
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
81 Verified Questions
81 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/43872
Sample Questions
Q1) The electrical signal produced by neurons,called an __________,is capable of traveling over long distances.
Q2) Which of the following statements is true of nerves?
A)They are composed of groups of neurons.
B)Neurons are composed of groups of nerves.
C)They act as pipes in the body,transporting fluid.
D)Signals generated in nerves can travel only short distances.
Q3) Neurons are capable of detecting and transducing incoming signals such as A)light.
B)pressure.
C)environmental chemicals.
D)all of the above
Q4) When a cell __________,the charge difference between the intracellular and extracellular fluids decreases.
Q5) Which of the following neurotransmitters is typically NOT classified as a biogenic amine?
A)acetylcholine
B)serotonin
C)epinephrine
D)dopamine
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 7
Chapter 6: Cellular Movement and Muscles
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
74 Verified Questions
74 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/43873
Sample Questions
Q1) Sonic muscles are able to shorten even more than most muscles because of perforations in their __________ that allow the thick filaments to pass into adjacent sarcomeres.
Q2) Insect flight muscles contract at frequencies much higher than the stimulation rates they receive from the nerves that innervate them.For this reason,they are termed __________ flight muscles.
Q3) Which of the following types of movement may NOT require use of a motor protein?
A)muscle contraction
B)flagellar movement
C)vesicle transport
D)amoeboid movement
Q4) __________ vesicles are transported to the membrane by the motor protein
__________.
A)Filled;kinesin
B)Filled;dynein
C)Empty;kinesin
D)Empty;dynein
Q5) The Pacific yew tree produces the microtubule disrupter known as ___________.
Q6) The __________ explains how the myosin head moves down the actin polymer,generating movement.
Page 8
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 7: Sensory Systems
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/43874
Sample Questions
Q1) The organ of the inner ear of mammals that contains the hair cells is called the __________.
Q2) List the four necessary steps that are required for sensory reception.Different receptors are used to detect different stimuli: Briefly describe three examples of stimulus modality.
Q3) Why is it so difficult to localize sound with only one ear? How does having two ears help to localize sound?
Q4) Briefly describe lateral inhibition.Why is it useful? Draw a figure if necessary.
Q5) Mechanoreceptors are important for A)touch.
B)proprioception.
C)hearing.
D)all of the above
Q6) When a stimulus is continually applied but the action potential frequency declines,this is called A)receptor attenuation.
B)receptor acclimation.
C)receptor accommodation.
D)receptor adaptation.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 9
Chapter 8: Functional Organization of Nervous Systems
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
66 Verified Questions
66 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/43875
Sample Questions
Q1) The hormone _______________ is secreted by the pineal gland.
Q2) In its protective role,the blood-brain barrier becomes an obstacle in delivering therapeutic drugs to specific regions of the brain in the treatment of a variety of brain disorders.Describe what the blood-brain barrier is made of,and how different compounds are capable of crossing it.
Q3) In mammals,the midbrain can be grouped together with the pons and medulla oblongata,and is called the __________.
Q4) Unlike humans,bottlenose dolphins do not suffer from the effects of sleep deprivation.Why?
A)Dolphins "catnap" throughout the day,so they don't need to go into deep sleep.
B)In dolphins,one half of their brain sleeps while the other half of the brain remains active.
C)Sleep is required to maintain brain function in humans,but not in dolphins.
D)Dolphins take turns waking each other up,so all have a chance to sleep.
Q5) __________ is the evolutionary trend that describes the concentration of nervous tissue and sense organs at one end of the body.
Q6) In most vertebrates,except the mammals,the __________ contains the regions that are involved in interpreting visual information.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 10
Chapter 9: Circulatory Systems
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
86 Verified Questions
86 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/43876
Sample Questions
Q1) The rising phase of the action potential of a cardiac cardiomyocyte is caused by a __________ current.
A)potassium B)sodium C)chloride
D)calcium
Q2) The main function of vertebrate erythrocytes is the storage and transport of __________.
Q3) In mammals,the __________ is the main blood vessel leading from the lungs to the heart.
Q4) The end-diastolic volume is
A) the maximum volume of blood in the ventricle.
B) the maximum volume of blood in the atrium.
C) the minimum volume of blood in the ventricle.
D) the minimum volume of blood in the atrium.
Q5) How many hearts does an octopus have?
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 10: Immune Systems
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
56 Verified Questions
56 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/43877
Sample Questions
Q1) Before a lymphocyte encounters an antigen,it is referred to as a
Q2) _______________ immunity includes processes involving antibodies or complement proteins.
A)Cellular
B)Humoral
C)Nuclear
D)Interstitial
Q3) Which of the following immune cells are segregated to the correct specific region?
A)plasma cells / paracortical region
B)macrophages / lymphoid follicle
C)T cells / paracortical region
D)B cells / medullary region
Q4) Malaria is caused by a parasite belonging to the genus ________________.
Q5) What do macrophages and neutrophils have in common?
A)Both kill pathogens by phagocytosis.
B)Both are polymorphonuclear cells.
C)Both are derived from lymphoblasts.
D)Both secrete cytotoxic agents.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 12
Chapter 11: Respiratory Systems
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
81 Verified Questions
81 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/43878
Sample Questions
Q1) Tidal ventilation is
A)when the ventilatory medium moves in and out of the respiratory chamber.
B)bulk flow of water across the respiratory surfaces of cnidarians.
C)the movement of water over the gills in most fish.
D)when the partial pressure of oxygen in the medium is variable in a diurnal rhythm.
Q2) Ram ventilation is used by A)feeding lampreys.
B)cnidarians.
C)swimming fish.
D)turtles.
Q3) Bicarbonate enters and leaves the vertebrate red blood cell by A)diffusion.
B)bicarbonate pump.
C)bicarbonate channel.
D)chloride-bicarbonate exchanger.
Q4) Why do "water breathers" have a lower blood P ² than air breathers?
Q5) Hemocyanins do not contain iron,but instead contain __________.
Q6) In at least some vertebrates,a small region of the caudal medulla called the __________ is essential for respiratory rhythm generation.
Page 13
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 12: Locomotion
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
86 Verified Questions
86 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/43879
Sample Questions
Q1) During peristaltic burrowing in earthworms,when the __________ muscles contract,the segment extends or lengthens.
Q2) In what way(s)are the muscle arrangements in the body wall of earthworms similar to those of the human digestive tract?
A)Both exhibit peristaltic waves of contractions.
B)Both are organized into layers of circular and transverse muscles
C)Both consist of striated muscle.
D)all of the above
Q3) Which muscle powers the downstroke in bird flight?
A)brachioradialis
B)triceps
C)pectoralis
D)supracoracoideus
Q4) What is the relationship between glucose and triglycerides as skeletal muscle energy substrates as a function of activity level?
Q5) Limb musculature of tetrapods is developmentally _____________ to fin musculature of fish.
Q6) Describe the organization of the muscles of the mantle of a squid and the mechanism of jet propulsion.
Page 14
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 13: Ion and Water Balance
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
73 Verified Questions
73 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/43880
Sample Questions
Q1) Where do humans obtain most of their water?
A)drinking water
B)water trapped in solid food
C)metabolic water
D)condensation reactions
Q2) Three main classes of diuretic hormones have been identified in insects.Which of the following is NOT one of those classes?
A)CRF-related diuretic hormones
B)insect myokinins
C)corticotrophin-releasing factors
D)cardioacceleratory peptides
Q3) Describe three specific reasons why a change in cell volume can be problematic
Q4) Most teleost fish excrete ammonia.Explain why the Magadi tilapia,a fish living in highly basic water,excretes urea.
Q5) Most solute and water reabsorption in the nephron happens at the A)Bowman's capsule.
B)proximal tubule.
C)loop of Henle.
D)distal tubule.
Q6) What happens to a rat that has had its adrenal gland removed? Why?
Page 15
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 14: Digestion and Energy Metabolism
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
82 Verified Questions
82 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/43881
Sample Questions
Q1) Hyperphagy
A)is an important adaptation for survival in all animals,including humans.
B)is common in large mammals,but rare in small mammals and birds.
C)translates into fat deposition,which is important for migration,reproduction,and dormancy.
D)A and C
Q2) Insulin insensitivity causes the liver to __________ (increase or decrease)lipid storage.
Q3) The middle layer of the mammalian tooth is a living tissue known as the __________.
Q4) The gross energy of food materials can be quantified experimentally using the technique known as __________.
Q5) Which vitamin plays a major role in the absorption of dietary calcium (Ca² )?
A)vitamin A
B)vitamin C
C)vitamin D
D)vitamin E
Q6) Explain how the molecular structure of bile salts permits them to function as emulsifiers.
Q7) Describe the processing of vegetation through the stomach of a ruminant.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 16
Chapter 15: Thermal Physiology
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
71 Verified Questions
71 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/43882
Sample Questions
Q1) According to Bergmann's and Allen's rules,brown bears living in temperate regions would be __________ than those living in the arctic.
A)larger with shorter limbs
B)smaller with shorter limbs
C)larger with longer limbs
D)smaller with longer limbs
Q2) The raising of individual hairs in mammals to increase the insulation capacity of the fur is a process known as __________.
Q3) __________ is essentially the ratio between reaction rates of a process adjusted for a 10°C temperature difference.
A)Q
B)An Arrhenius plot
C)Km
D)Homeoviscous adaptation
Q4) Radiant heat from the body of an animal is described by A)the Nernst equation.
B)the Stefan-Boltzmann equation.
C)Fourier's law.
D)Q .
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 17
Chapter 16: Reproductive Physiology
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
70 Verified Questions
70 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/43883
Sample Questions
Q1) The secretory units of the mammary glands are the __________.
Q2) The activity levels of juvenile hormones can be reduced by A)allatostatins.
B)allatotropins.
C)JH esterase.
D)all of the above
Q3) Driven by the __________ surge,the post-ovulation follicle undergoes a change in structure to develop into the corpus luteum.
A)FSH
B)LH
C)CG
D)progesterone
Q4) The hormone __________ controls milk production.
Q5) The declining FSH levels during the follicular phase results in most of the developing follicles to undergo
A)conversion into corpora lutea.
B)degeneration by atresia.
C)development into nurse cells.
D)development into Graafian follicles.
Q6) What role does prolactin play in reproductive behavior?
Page 18
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.