Adult Development Test Questions
Course Introduction
Adult Development explores the physical, cognitive, emotional, and social changes that occur throughout adulthood, from early adulthood through old age. The course examines key theories and research findings in adult development, focusing on topics such as identity formation, career and relationship transitions, health and wellness, and the impact of cultural and societal factors on the aging process. Emphasis is placed on understanding the challenges and opportunities faced by adults at different life stages and the interplay between individual development and broader social contexts.
Recommended Textbook
The Journey of Adulthood 7th Edition by Barbara R. Bjorklund
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12 Chapters
846 Verified Questions
846 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Adult Development
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71 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following correlation coefficients shows the strongest relationship between the 2 variables entered into the correlation?
A) -.35
B) +.70
C) -.82
D) +.55
Answer: C
Q2) Which of the following is a major research technique used in "behavior genetics"?
A) comparisons of individuals from different ethnic groups
B) comparisons of identical and fraternal twins
C) comparisons of young and old subjects
D) comparisons of males and females
Answer: B
Q3) Experiences linked to age and occurring with most adults are called _______.
A) tribalizations
B) normative age-graded influences
C) age periods
D) cohorts
Answer: B
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Physical Changes
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to research on normal adult men, which of the following is NOT a major change in the reproductive system with age?
A) a major decline in testosterone levels
B) a diminished production of sperm
C) a longer time required to achieve erection
D) shrinkage of the testes
Answer: A
Q2) Which of the following is NOT a correct statement about the pattern of osteoporosis with age for men and women?
A) It begins in the 30s and continues thereafter.
B) It is greater for women than for men.
C) Among women, it is accelerated by menopause.
D) It accelerates in men in their 60s.
Answer: D
Q3) More women than men in the United States are diagnosed with _______.
A) cardiovascular problems
B) glaucoma
C) hip fractures
D) hearing loss
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Health and Health Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Dressing yourself, bathing, walking a short distance, using a toilet, and eating without assistance are all examples of what gerontologists call _______.
A) self-help skills
B) activities of daily living
C) grooming skills
D) daily behaviors
Answer: B
Q2) At what median age do adults in the United States show the onset of mood disorders?
A) 10 years of age
B) 15 years of age
C) 20 years of age
D) 30 years of age
Answer: D
Q3) Which form of mental health disorder shows the highest prevalence in adulthood?
A) mood disorders
B) anxiety disorders
C) impulse control disorders
D) substance abuse disorders
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Cognitive Abilities
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Sample Questions
Q1) If you were going to give advice to a friend about what lifestyle or habits to follow in order to maximize the likelihood of maintaining intellectual skill well into old age, what specific items would you list? For which of these pieces of advice do you have the best support?
Q2) Which of the following is a valid statement relating to research concerning genetic influence on cognitive abilities?
A) Fraternal twins have higher correlations on scores of cognitive functioning than do monozygotic twins.
B) About 60 percent of the individual differences in cognitive abilities in older adults are environmental in nature.
C) For general cognitive ability, heritability decreases with age.
D) Meta-analyses of variance in IQ scores among twins suggest that 50 percent of the variance can be explained by genetic differences.
Q3) Which pair of memory systems demonstrates the largest decline with age?
A) sensory and primary
B) semantic and primary
C) episodic and semantic
D) working and episodic
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Chapter 5: Social Roles
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Sample Questions
Q1) David Gutmann refers to the magnification of gender role differences after the birth of the first child as _______.
A) the parental imperative
B) a species-specific imperative
C) a legacy from our distant ancestors
D) sexual determinism
Q2) Miguel and Sara, who live in New York, have been together for six years and now have two children, aged 1 and 3. According to research, at what period in their relationship might they have had egalitarian gender roles, or equal gender roles?
A) before they began dating
B) at the beginning of a marriage or partnership, before children are born
C) when they have at least one child
D) American men and women are incapable of equal gender roles
Q3) Researchers have consistently found that married adults are happier and less likely to show emotional disturbance than are unmarried adults. Describe two possible explanations for this pattern, and indicate which of the two you consider to be the better explanation and why.
Q4) List and describe three sources of gender stereotyping.
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Social Relationships
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Sample Questions
Q1) The bulk of the research evidence indicates that couples who marry after cohabiting, when compared to those who marry without cohabiting first, _________.
A) have lower divorce rates and higher satisfaction
B) have lower divorce rates and equal satisfaction
C) have higher divorce rates and higher satisfaction
D) are more likely to divorce
Q2) Researchers have used a number of theories to explain the topic of what attracts one person to another or two people to each other. Which of the following theories below best exemplifies the trade-off we often make with intimate partners such as a sense of humor offsetting a physical unattractive trait, for example, being overweight.
A) filter theory
B) socioemotional theory
C) evolutionary theory
D) exchange theory
Q3) What do theorists mean by an internal working model of attachment? How might such a model affect an adult's relationships-with parents, with partner, with friends? Cite relevant data where available.
Q4) Diagram and describe Antonucci's convoy model of love.
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Work and Retirement
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Sample Questions
Q1) Mario has just retired. What can he expect to happen to his health as a result of his retirement?
A) The stress of retirement is likely to make his health worse.
B) The pleasure from more leisure time is likely to make his health better.
C) If he stays in the same place after he retires his health will likely remain about the same; if he moves, his health will likely deteriorate.
D) His health is likely to remain essentially the same.
Q2) For what type of jobs, if any, does job performance decline past midlife?
A) those requiring speed
B) those requiring concentration
C) those requiring analytic skills
D) none
Q3) One individual devotes more effort to his job, is absent from work very infrequently, and volunteers more often for on-the-job training. Who is it most likely to be?
A) Jose, age 35, married father of 2
B) Amy, age 35, single
C) Loida, age 40, married mother of 2
D) It is impossible to tell.
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Chapter 8: Personality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Ravenna is a 5year-old female who has been a participant in the Mills College women's longitudinal study of personality characteristics thought to be associated with Erikson's stages of development. Which set of characteristics probably increased for Ravenna over the years?
A) increase in dominance, stability, conscientiousness
B) increase in dependence, competence, dominance
C) decrease in dominance and dependence; increase in competence
D) decrease in self-confidence, increase in dominance
Q2) Which of the following stages in Erikson's theory does NOT typically occur in adulthood?
A) intimacy versus isolation
B) generativity versus stagnation
C) ego integrity versus despair
D) initiative versus guilt
Q3) which statement is not an element of Erikson's Stage 7, his view of generativity?
A) serving as a mentor for younger colleagues
B) doing charitable work in society
C) excelling as a professional
D) bearing and rearing of children
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Chapter 9: The Quest for Meaning
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Sample Questions
Q1) In late old age, such as among those 75 and older, spirituality _______.
A) is at its peak
B) is lower than at any other age of adulthood
C) remains the same as it was at retirement age
D) increases
Q2) What is it about attending college that seems to be influential in triggering a shift to an individualistic mode of reasoning or meaning? Is (or was) your own college experience like this?
Q3) The most appropriate form of study to test Kohlberg's theory of the development of moral reasoning is _______.
A) longitudinal
B) cross-sectional
C) cross-lag
D) correlational
Q4) Which of the following is NOT one of Underhill's stages of mystical experience?
A) awakening
B) purification
C) abandonment
D) illumination
Q5) Describe Fowler's theory of faith development.
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Stress, Coping, and Resilience
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Sample Questions
Q1) 10-57. U.S. adults from 25 to 74 years report that the largest proportion of their daily stressors arise from interpersonal tensions, followed by stressful events that happen to other people in their networks and events that happen at work or school. List your top 10 sources of stress. Categorize your stressors and compare your groupings with the national sample. Discuss the similarities and differences.
Q2) Which of the following would be an example of a "problem-focused" way of coping with stress?
A) Deny any fear or distress.
B) Accept the problem with resignation.
C) Seek information or advice.
D) Think about possible solutions.
Q3) 10-55. Critique with relevant research the phrase, "Crisis is required for growth."
Q4) 10-14. Social support and coping strategies are both examples of _______.
A) stress responses
B) resistance resources
C) resiliencies
D) convoy aids
Q5) 10-54. Evaluate the idea that stress may sometimes have beneficial effects.
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Chapter 11: Death and Bereavement
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following personality characteristics has been found to be correlated (positively or negatively) with fear or anxiety about death?
A) extraversion
B) conscientiousness
C) a sense of purpose in life
D) openness to experience
Q2) Describe briefly the major features of hospice care. If your parent or your spouse were dying, would you consider such a program of care as an alternative to hospital care? Why or why not?
Q3) Which is the one emotional response to impending death that has been most consistently found in research on dying?
A) anger
B) bargaining
C) depression
D) denial
Q4) Evaluate the following assertion: "Adults who have achieved a great deal of worldly success are likely to be more afraid of death than are those who have been less successful, since they are more afraid of losing what they have achieved."
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Chapter 12: The Successful Journey
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe Bradburn's (1969) concept of affect balance. What effect does affect balance have on life satisfaction?
Q2) High levels of marital satisfaction and peak years of career success are most likely to go together in which age period?
A) 20-39
B) 40--64
C) 65-74
D) 75+
Q3) According to Vaillant's longitudinal studies of the Grant sample, which characteristic of the men in middle age was most predictive of psychological health or ill health at age 63?
A) trust in early childhood
B) the stability of the man's marriage
C) the man's satisfaction with his work
D) the quality of the man's relationship with his children
Q4) In the final chapter of your text, the author proposes a four-proposition model of adult growth. Briefly list and define the four propositions of the model. Do you think this is a good model of adult development? Why or why not?
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Page 14