Adult Development and Aging Final
Exam Questions
Course Introduction
This course explores the psychological, biological, and social processes that characterize adult development and aging. Students will examine key theories and research related to adulthood, including cognitive, emotional, and physical changes that occur across the lifespan. The impact of family dynamics, work, retirement, and cultural factors on aging will also be discussed, as well as issues relevant to late adulthood such as end-of-life care, age-related diseases, and successful aging. Emphasis is placed on promoting well-being throughout adulthood and understanding the diverse experiences of older adults in contemporary society.
Recommended Textbook
Essentials of Human Development A Life Span View 1st Edition by Robert V. Kail
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2339 Verified Questions
2339 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: The Study of Human Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) The two basic types of human and animal stem cells are ________ and ________.
Answer: adult; embryonic
Q2) Which of the following perspectives in human development allows researchers to examine the effects of historical time on how people create their lives?
A) the life-span perspective
B) the life-course perspective
C) the epigenetic perspective
D) the psychodynamic perspective
Answer: B
Q3) The role of experience, focusing on whether actions are rewarded or punished, is a central tenet in ________ theory.
A) learning
B) epigenetic
C) lifespan
D) cognitive-developmental
Answer: A
Q4) Interviews and questionnaires are two different types of ________ measures. Answer: self-report
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Chapter 2: Biological Foundations: Heredity, Prenatal
Development, and Birth
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Q1) In general, pregnancies are most likely to proceed normally when the mother is between the ages of ________ years.
A) 18 and 25
B) 21 and 25
C) 21 and 30
D) 20 and 35
Answer: C
Q2) The age of ________ is defined as the age at which a fetus can survive if it must be born because most of its bodily systems function adequately. It typically occurs 22 to 28 weeks into the pregnancy.
A) zygotic intent
B) viability
C) plasticity
D) continuity
Answer: B
Q3) Of the three types of prenatal screenings discussed in the textbook, ________ requires the longest wait for results. This is because the genetic material cannot be evaluated until enough cells have reproduced for analysis.
Answer: amniocentesis
Page 4
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Chapter 3: Tools for Exploring the World: Physical,
Perceptual, and Motor Development
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149 Verified Questions
149 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Your authors note that the various components of a child's self-concept all share a common feature. What is it?
A) The features are all observable and concrete.
B) The features are all unchanging and static.
C) The features are all internal and private.
D) The features are all dynamic and shifting.
Answer: A
Q2) Describe the notion of intersensory redundancy. How might knowledge of this be useful to the parent of a new infant?
Answer: Intersensory redundancy refers to the fact that an infant's sensory systems are attuned to information presented simultaneously to different sensory modes. In other words, when sensory input stimulates more than one sensory system at a time, the infant's systems will be more attuned to it. Parents may be interested in knowing this so that they can provide as much and as varied sensory stimulation as possible (e.g., mixing songs with clapping, mixing smells with flavors, combining sights and sounds). There is also no rule that says a maximum of two sensory systems can be combined at a time. Evoking three or even four systems would also involve intersensory redundancy.
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Chapter 4: The Emergence of Thought and Language:
Cognitive Development in Infancy and Early Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) The two areas of the brain that are responsible for the initial storage of information are the ________ and the ________.
Q2) When Maurice's father is teaching him to play racquetball, he observes that there are some strokes that Maurice can do very well, and there are others that he needs help with. The difference between these two skill sets is called the zone of _________ development.
Q3) A grammatical morpheme refers to a missing start or stem of a word that makes it grammatically correct within a sentence.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The three formulae that children use to express their ideas include actor + action, action + object, and possessor + possession.
A)True
B)False
Q5) When Layla's older sister helps her eat breakfast by cutting her pancake into two smaller halves, Layla gets secretly excited that she now has more pancakes. This demonstrates the preoperational cognitive limitation of ________.
Page 6
Q6) A(n) _____ is an early infant vowel-like sound.
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Chapter 5: Entering the Social World: Socioemotional
Development in Infancy and
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Sample Questions
Q1) Boys' interactions with each other, which often involve one trying to emerge as a victorious leader by threatening or contradicting the others, might best be described as
Q2) Which of the following is NOT a complex emotion?
A) pride
B) guilt
C) embarrassment
D) surprise
Q3) Research has found that fathers are more likely than mothers to treat their sons and daughters differently based on the child's sex.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Research has found that children who are presented with opportunities to behave prosocially develop a stronger interest and satisfaction in engaging in prosocial activities.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Stranger ________ first emerges around six months of age, when children demonstrate anxiety when in the presence of unfamiliar people.
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Chapter 6: Off to School: Cognitive and Physical Development in Middle Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Text author Robert Kail won tickets to the Indianapolis 500 auto race by listing all the possible words that could be created from the words "SAFE RACE", which is an example of A) combinatorial reasoning.
B) animism.
C) functional fixedness.
D) object permanence.
Q2) If you use the old mnemonic "My Very Educated Mother Just Served Us Nine Pizzas" to remember the order of the original nine planets in our Solar System as they move outward from the Sun, you are using a memory strategy called ________.
A) centration
B) egocentrism
C) schematizing
D) organization
Q3) Children in the concrete operational stage of cognitive have typically overcome centration, egocentrism, and accepting appearances as reality.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Compare and contrast metacognitive knowledge and metamemory.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Expanding Social Horizons: Socioemotional Development in Middle Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) In many developing nations, children-particularly girls-play an important role in providing care for their younger siblings.
A)True
B)False
Q2) As adults, children whose parents divorced are more likely to experience all but which of the following?
A) domestic abuse
B) conflict in their own marriage
C) negative attitudes about marriage
D) depression
Q3) "I'd really like to stay home all day and lounge on the sofa eating chips and watching television," Denny says to himself. "I really shouldn't do that, though, because others might think it is foolish to stay inside on such a beautiful day." Denny's evaluation of his plan reflects the ________ level of perspective taking in Selman's theory.
A) self-reflective
B) undifferentiated
C) third-person
D) societal
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Chapter 8: Rites of Passage: Physical and Cognitive
Development in Adolescence
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sexual maturation which includes changes to the penis, testes, scrotum, vagina, uterus, and/or ovaries involves the development of primary sexual characteristics.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The development of breasts and widening of the pelvis in girls, and the growth of facial hair and the broadening of the shoulders in boys are all examples of ________ sex characteristics.
Q3) Children who are in the upper ______ percent of their body mass index are defined as being overweight.
A) 2
B) 5
C) 10
D) 15
Q4) Generally speaking, research has found that the moral decision-making processes of males and females are far more similar than they are different.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The _____ level is Kohlberg's highest level of moral reasoning.
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Chapter 9: Moving Into the Adult Social World:
Socioemotional Development in Adolescence
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Sample Questions
Q1) Somewhere in the range of ____ percent of youth fit a pattern of delinquent behavior called life-course persistent antisocial behavior, and they account for most adolescent criminal activity.
A) 3
B) 5
C) 7
D) 10
Q2) By high school, roughly ________ of US adolescents have had a romantic relationship within the previous 18 months.
A) three-quarters
B) two-thirds
C) one-half
D) one-quarter
Q3) Around one-quarter of all adolescents report that they have, at some point, been subjected to a form of dating violence.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The portion of one's self that focuses on heritage and group culture is referred to as one's _____ identity.
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Chapter 10: Becoming an Adult: Physical, Cognitive, and Personality Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) The recognition that certain situations have ambiguous interpretations-that there is not always a singular "right and wrong" answer to every question-is a hallmark of ________ thinking.
A) psychoplastic
B) conventional
C) concrete operational
D) postformal
Q2) Marielle is a researcher who argues that individual differences in the strength of social representations of rules, beliefs, and attitudes are linked to specific situations. She would best be described as a(n) ________ researcher.
A) existential
B) behavioral
C) social cognition
D) multicultural
Q3) There is some evidence that the distal cortex of the parietal lobe of the cerebrum is not fully developed until the mid-twenties, which explains why risky and "edgy" behaviors tend to decrease during these years.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: Being With Others: Forming Relationships in Young and Middle Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) The cultural value of ________ partially explains the significantly higher trend for Latino college students to live at home.
A) marianismo
B) machismo
C) nervios
D) familism
Q2) Many men and women choose to delay marriage and to remain single longer so that they can focus on establishing their ________.
Q3) For middle-aged women, divorce represents an especially difficult financial hardship.
A)True
B)False
Q4) When all is said and done, the most important thing to predicting the long-term success of a marriage is ______.
A) communication
B) religion
C) sex
D) having children
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Q5) A(n) ________ family consists of parents and children living in a home together.
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Chapter 12: Work: Occupational and Lifestyle Issues in Young and Middle Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Noel is sitting on his sofa one night, looking absolutely miserable. His wife asks if he is okay, and he says, "I am just so physically and mentally exhausted from work that I don't know what to do anymore. It has taken such an emotional toll on me that I don't even want to go in tomorrow." Noel is suffering from ________.
A) marginalization
B) disillusionment
C) alienation
D) burnout
Q2) The meaning that most people driver from work includes two factors-the money that they can earn and the possibility of personal growth.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Burnout caused by the dual demands of family and occupational responsibilities is more likely to impact women.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A person experiences a(n) _______ when he or she feels like it's impossible to rise above a certain job level within a company.
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Making it in Midlife: The Biopsychosocial
Challenges of Middle Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) The most effective treatment for the symptoms of menopause is menopausal hormone therapy, which combines low levels of estrogen with moderate levels of testosterone in a pill that is taken twice a week and acts in a time-release fashion.
A)True
B)False
Q2) How is gender related to caring for an aging parent?
A) A son or son-in-law is typically responsible for care.
B) A daughter or daughter-in-law is typically responsible for care.
C) Gender matters but which one provides care varies by culture.
D) Gender does not influence who provides care.
Q3) Which of the following terms refers to the responsibility an adult child feels to care for his or her parents when necessary?
A) filial obligation
B) familism
C) the sandwich generation
D) boomerang child
Q4) In the normal course of female development, menopause precedes the climacteric.
A)True
B)False
Page 15
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Chapter 14: The Personal Context of Later Life: Physical, Cognitive, and Mental Health Issues
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which statement about depression is true?
A) Physical symptoms may include loss of appetite, insomnia, and trouble breathing.
B) In older people, trouble breathing is a very good predictor of depression.
C) It is easy to diagnose as the symptoms are unlike any other disorder.
D) It does not involve any significant impairment in daily life activities.
Q2) Sheldon is seeing a therapist for treatment of his depression symptoms. His therapist helps him learn to identify when he is engaging in negative, automatic thoughts, and then they work on changing those thoughts to more positive ones. Sheldon is being treated with ________ therapy.
A) cognitive
B) behavioral
C) existential
D) humanistic
Q3) ____ is best explained by the wear-and-tear theory of aging.
A) AIDS
B) Joint deterioration during osteoarthritis
C) A misshapen blood cell in sickle-cell disease
D) Alzheimer's disease
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Chapter 15: Social Aspects of Later Life: Psychosocial,
Retirement, Relationship,
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Sample Questions
Q1) Many people who retire from their careers opt to spend some of their reclaimed time volunteering in their community.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A(n) ________ refers to an individual who lives alone or a group of individuals who live together.
Q3) The most common form of elder abuse, comprising approximately 60% of cases, is A) financial abuse.
B) sexual abuse.
C) abandonment.
D) neglect.
Q4) Socioemotional ________ refers to a process by which social contact is motivated by many goals, including information seeking, self-concept, and emotional regulation. A) convoying
B) assignment
C) attention
D) selectivity
Q5) ________ is the most commonly reported form of elder abuse.
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Chapter 16: The Final Passage: Dying and Bereavement
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Sample Questions
Q1) Bereavement is to grief as
A) no control is to choices.
B) feeling is to doing.
C) choices is to no control.
D) doing is to feeling.
Q2) Several weeks ago, Trina found out that she has been diagnosed with a terminal illness and that she has less than a year to live. Lately she finds herself getting very upset, yelling at her husband, and saying things like, "This just isn't fair. Why the hell do I have to die?" In Kübler-Ross's model, Trina is in the ________ stage.
A) denial
B) anger
C) bargaining
D) depression
Q3) One component of ________ issues that most people deal with by purchasing a cemetery plot is planning what will happen with their body after they have died.
Q4) Some research has found that older widows have a tendency to "________" their husbands, which involves describing their late husbands in glowing, idealized terms.
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