Adolescent Psychology
Midterm Exam
Course Introduction
Adolescent Psychology examines the unique developmental period between childhood and adulthood, exploring the physical, cognitive, emotional, and social changes that characterize adolescence. This course covers major theories and current research on adolescent development, with an emphasis on identity formation, peer relationships, family dynamics, mental health challenges, and the influence of culture and technology. Through case studies and practical examples, students gain insight into the factors shaping adolescent behavior and wellbeing, as well as evidence-based approaches to supporting adolescents during this critical stage of life.
Recommended Textbook
Infants Children and Adolescents and MyVirtualChild 7th Edition by Laura E. Berk
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17 Chapters
2126 Verified Questions
2126 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: History, Theory, and Research Strategies
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152 Verified Questions
152 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23253
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is an example of behavior modification?
A) letting children with acute burn injuries play a virtual reality game while nurses engage in the painful process of changing their bandages
B) modeling quiet reading for children to teach them to sit quietly while they read
C) talking with children about fears in an attempt to uncover the underlying cause of thumb sucking
D) taking away a treasured toy for an increased amount of time each time a child bites his or her nails
Answer: A
Q2) Immigrant parents of successful youths typically
A) view school successes as less important than native-born parents.
B) develop close ties to an ethnic community.
C) encourage full assimilation into the majority culture.
D) stress individualistic values over collectivist values.
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Genetic and Environmental Foundations
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105 Verified Questions
105 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a major cause of the dramatic rise in fraternal twinning in industrialized nations?
A) temperature changes
B) older maternal age
C) late fertilization of the ovum
D) variation in oxygen levels
Answer: B
Q2) Individuals around the world are about ________ percent genetically identical.
A) 39.1
B) 59.1
C) 79.1
D) 99.1
Answer: D
Q3) In individualistic societies, people
A) define themselves as part of a group.
B) are largely concerned with their own personal needs.
C) value an interdependent self.
D) readily endorse public policies for low-SES families.
Answer: B
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Prenatal Development
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100 Verified Questions
100 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Infants born to teenagers have a higher rate of problems because
A) teenagers' reproductive organs are not yet mature enough to support a pregnancy. B) teenagers are not yet physically ready to give birth.
C) many pregnant teenagers do not receive adequate prenatal care.
D) teenagers are exposed to more teratogens than other pregnant mothers.
Answer: C
Q2) The average number of children per North American has decreased since 1960 from 3.1 to 1.8. What are some reasons for this decline?
Answer: One of the main reasons for the decline in birth rate is the availability of more effective birth control. Another major reason for this decline is that a family size of one or two children is more compatible with a woman's decision to divide her energies between family and career. Marital instability has also contributed to smaller families: More couples today get divorced before their childbearing plans are complete.
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Chapter 4: Birth and the Newborn Baby
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110 Verified Questions
110 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The two factors that are largely responsible for neonatal mortality are
A) birth defects and sudden infant death syndrome.
B) child abuse and sudden infant death syndrome.
C) serious physical defects and low birth weight.
D) unintentional injuries and low birth weight.
Q2) Postpartum depression
A) occurs only in first-time mothers.
B) fails to subside as a new mother adjusts to hormonal changes in her body.
C) affects 15 to 20 percent of women.
D) usually subsides after a week or two.
Q3) When mothers are upright during labor, they are
A) more likely to have a longer labor.
B) likely to need an episiotomy.
C) less likely to use pain-relieving medication.
D) more likely to deliver a breech baby.
Q4) Which of the following statements is true regarding home delivery?
A) It is often attended by a certified nurse-midwife.
B) It is more popular in the United States than in England and Sweden.
C) It poses no additional risks to the mother and the baby.
D) It is almost always dangerous for mothers and babies.
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Chapter 5: Physical Development in Infancy and
Toddlerhood
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136 Verified Questions
136 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Considering the average growth norms, which child will probably be the smallest?
A) Timmy, a Caucasian-American boy
B) June, an African-American girl
C) Freddy, an African-American boy
D) Kim, an Asian boy
Q2) The newborn's capacity to imitate
A) has primarily been observed in Western cultures.
B) disappears by two weeks of age.
C) has been demonstrated in many ethnic groups and cultures.
D) is limited to tongue protrusions.
Q3) For exploring the environment, humans depend on _______ more than any other sense.
A) vision
B) touch
C) hearing
D) instinct
Q4) Define size and shape constancy, and explain how they contribute to infants' perception of objects.
Page 7
Q5) Describe some common forms of inadequate nutrition in the United States.
Q6) What is lateralization of the brain, and why does it occur?
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Page 8
Chapter 6: Cognitive Development in Infancy and
Toddlerhood
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126 Verified Questions
126 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Within the standardization sample for an IQ test, performances at each age level
A) are distributed equally among all scores.
B) cluster around the extreme scores.
C) form a normal distribution.
D) infrequently fall around the mean.
Q2) According to Piaget, during ________, children create new schemes or adjust old ones.
A) assimilation
B) disequilibrium
C) organization
D) accommodation
Q3) The idea that a grammatically complex language system seems to be unique to humans is consistent with
A) Chomsky's account of language acquisition.
B) the interactionist perspective.
C) the dynamic systems perspective.
D) Skinner's account of language acquisition.
Q4) Describe the structure of the information-processing system.
Q6) Compare the three major theories of language development. Page 9
Q5) Explain the core knowledge perspective of cognitive development.
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Page 10
Chapter 7: Emotional and Social Development in Infancy and
Toddlerhood
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114 Verified Questions
114 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) When an unfamiliar adult picks up Louisa, age 9 months, the baby begins to cry and struggles to get down. Louisa is exhibiting
A) stranger anxiety.
B) avoidant attachment.
C) insecure attachment.
D) separation anxiety.
Q2) Troy, age 3, understands that his father goes to work in the morning and picks Troy up from his babysitter's house after naptime. Troy seeks his father's comfort during times of stress. These examples show that Troy has developed A) effortful control.
B) an internal working model.
C) interactional synchrony.
D) a categorical self.
Q3) According to Rothbart, individuals differ not just in their reactivity on each dimension but also in A) effortful control.
B) self-concept.
C) goodness of fit.
D) interactional synchrony.
11
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Chapter 8: Physical Development in Early Childhood
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78 Verified Questions
78 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The years from 2 to 6 are often called the _______ years.
A) play
B) growth
C) beginning
D) "me"
Q2) ___________ the appearance of permanent teeth in children.
A) Overweight and obesity accelerate
B) Poor dental hygiene in toddlerhood delays
C) Prolonged malnutrition accelerates
D) Excessive plaque on baby teeth delays
Q3) Discuss the use of synthetic growth hormone (GH) to treat short, normal-GH children.
Q4) Discuss how motor vehicle use relates to childhood injuries. What are some ways to minimize unintentional injuries during automobile travel?
Q5) Children first represent objects and events on paper by
A) drawing only the boundaries of objects.
B) drawing recognizable shapes.
C) making gestures that leave marks.
D) drawing stick figures.
Q6) Describe the development of drawing in children in Western nations.
Page 12
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Chapter 9: Cognitive Development in Early Childhood
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111 Verified Questions
111 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Eighteen-month-old Jazmin is offered sets of animal crackers. Each set contains 1, 2, or 4 crackers. Jazmin consistently picks the set with the most pieces, displaying a beginning grasp of A) cardinality. B) estimation.
C) ordinality. D) functionality.
Q2) When Sadie says, "I goed to the store," her mother replies, "Yes, you went to the store." Sadie's mother's response is an example of A) fast mapping. B) a recast.
C) an overregularization. D) an expansion.
Q3) Mr. and Mrs. Harken are looking for a developmentally appropriate early childhood program for their son Max. Describe for the Harkens what they should look for in terms of physical setting, caregiver-child ratio, teacher qualifications, and daily activities.
Q4) List strategies for supporting emergent literacy in early childhood, and explain why each strategy is useful.
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Page 13
Chapter 10: Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe gender schema theory, and explain how it accounts for the persistence of gender stereotypes and gender-role preferences.
Q2) Three-year-old Sasha makes a structure out of toy blocks. Sasha is engaging in _________ play.
A) make-believe B) parallel C) constructive
D) functional
Q3) The fact that children ________ provides evidence that Freud's account of conscience development is inaccurate.
A) whose parents frequently use threats or physical force tend to feel little guilt following transgressions
B) whose parents frequently use threats or physical force tend to feel overwhelming guilt when they violate standards
C) who feel little guilt frequently have loving and nurturing parents
D) who grow up in abusive households tend to violate standards infrequently
Q4) What is inductive discipline, and how does it motivate children's active commitment to moral standards?
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Chapter 11: Physical Development in Middle Childhood
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136 Verified Questions
136 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Justine, whose mother is a fitness buff, joined a gymnastics club at the age of 2. Which of the following is a likely outcome for Justine?
A) She will acquire the skills necessary for gymnastics earlier than her peers.
B) She will soon lose interest in gymnastics.
C) She will be more influenced by her coach than by her mother.
D) She will be a lifelong sports enthusiast.
Q2) The weight of the brain increases by ____ percent during middle childhood and adolescence.
A) 5
B) 10
C) 15
D) 20
Q3) At age 6, Shelby probably
A) can print her first and last names legibly.
B) will learn to write lowercase letters before uppercase letters.
C) can learn to write in cursive as easily as printing.
D) cannot yet integrate two-dimensional shapes into her drawings.
Q4) School children around the world engage in an enormous variety of informally organized games. How do these activities contribute to social and emotional development?
Page 15
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Chapter 12: Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood
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160 Verified Questions
160 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Andrei skillfully adapts his thinking to fit with both his desires and the demands of his everyday world. When he cannot adapt to a new situation, Andrei tries to shape it to meet his needs. According to Sternberg, Andrei excels in ________ intelligence.
A) analytical
B) creative
C) practical
D) experiential
Q2) ___________ is/are a good predictor of IQ.
A) Well-developed gross-motor skills
B) Inhibition skill
C) Slow, steady nervous system function
D) REM brain-wave patterns during sleep
Q3) Miguel is bilingual. He sometimes speaks sentences in English that contain one or more Spanish words without violating the grammar of either language. Miguel engages in
A) topic-focused style.
B) classic form.
C) topic-associating style.
D) code switching.
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Page 16
Chapter 13: Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood
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172 Verified Questions
172 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) School-age children with peer-relationship problems are more likely to A) have experienced permissive discipline.
B) come from middle-SES families.
C) have weak emotional self-regulation skills.
D) have experienced authoritative discipline.
Q2) Brothers Alan and James are very different in personality and temperament. What should their parents do to help facilitate their sibling relationship?
A) They should maintain a "hands-off" approach and allow the boys to work independently on the relationship.
B) They should use mediation techniques to increase the boys' awareness of each other's perspectives and reduce animosity.
C) They should give Alan, the older brother, authority over James, the younger brother, especially in joint decision making.
D) They should insist that the brothers rely on each other for companionship by limiting their outside friendships.
Q3) Describe the characteristics of, and explain the difference between, popular-prosocial and popular-antisocial children.
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Page 17
Chapter 14: Physical Development in Adolescence
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150 Verified Questions
150 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Boys ________ about ejaculation before spermarche.
A) usually know
B) usually talk with their peers
C) usually find out from their fathers
D) rarely know
Q2) Which of the following is true about the parent-child relationship in adolescence?
A) Contrary to popular media portrayals, there is a decline in the intensity of parent-child conflict.
B) Psychological distancing, common in village and tribal societies, is less common in Western cultures.
C) The larger the gap between parents' and adolescents' views of teenagers' readiness for new responsibilities, the more they quarrel.
D) Parent-son conflict tends to be more intense than conflict with daughters.
Q3) Describe the secular trend in pubertal timing in industrialized nations.
Q4) Principal Jaster wants to reduce drug experimentation among his high school students. Describe the components of an effective drug prevention program.
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18
Chapter 15: Cognitive Development in Adolescence
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150 Verified Questions
150 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Twelve-year-old Alicia hears the following: "A spoon is something that can be used to stir. Suppose something is not a spoon. Can it be used to stir?" Alicia will
A) say that she needs to see the object in question.
B) be able to reason correctly after hearing the statement.
C) say "no."
D) say "only if it is a fork."
Q2) Joshua recently switched from elementary school to middle school. He feels less academically competent and his liking for school has declined. Which of the following best explains the cause of his feelings?
A) He comes from a high-SES background.
B) The class sizes are bigger, and the school work is more challenging.
C) Middle school teachers tend to be less caring and supportive than elementary school teachers.
D) Boys, more so than girls, tend to struggle with school transitions.
Q3) Do sex differences in mental abilities exist during childhood and adolescence? Explain.
Q4) Describe the German apprenticeship system. What are the challenges to implementing a similar system in the United States?
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Page 19
Chapter 16: Emotional and Social Development in Adolescence
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161 Verified Questions
161 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The largest group of teenagers who commit suicide A) are withdrawn.
B) show antisocial tendencies. C) are highly intelligent. D) are girls.
Q2) For the majority of adolescents, a minor brush with the law A) does not lead to a life of antisocial behavior.
B) is an early warning of more serious problems in the future.
C) is a sign of drug abuse.
D) is usually the result of peer pressure.
Q3) Grant's parents have noticed that he seems to be putting his affairs in ordersmoothing over troubled relationships and giving away treasured possessions. This indicates that Grant may A) be contemplating suicide.
B) be entering Erikson's stage of identity confusion.
C) have reached Kohlberg's "good boy-good girl" orientation.
D) be about to run away from home.
Q4) What types of moral dilemmas do people face in real life, and how do they resolve them? How does this compare to their approach to hypothetical problems like Kohlberg's Heinz dilemma?
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Chapter 17: Emerging Adulthood
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34 Verified Questions
34 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Exposure to multiple viewpoints during emerging adulthood
A) often confuses young people, thereby delaying commitment to life goals.
B) encourages young people to adopt rigid values and beliefs.
C) often causes young people to rebel against their family values for a period of time.
D) encourages young people to look more closely at themselves, thereby developing a more complex self-concept.
Q2) Identity achievement in the vocational realm
A) is more challenging for women than for men.
B) usually occurs by age 21.
C) is easier for women in male-dominated careers.
D) is more challenging for men than for women.
Q3) Eventually, the most mature individuals progress to A) dualistic thinking.
B) commitment within relativistic thinking.
C) cognitive dissonance.
D) intuitive rationality.
Q4) List personal attributes (cognitive, emotional, and social) and social supports that foster resilience in emerging adulthood.
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