Administration of Justice
Textbook Exam Questions
Course Introduction
The Administration of Justice course explores the structure, function, and processes of the criminal justice system, including law enforcement, courts, and corrections. Students examine the roles and interrelationships of agencies responsible for the enforcement of laws, adjudication of suspects, and rehabilitation of offenders. Emphasis is placed on legal concepts, ethical considerations, due process, and contemporary challenges within the justice system. Through analysis of case studies and current events, students gain insight into issues such as crime prevention, policing strategies, judicial practices, correctional methods, and the impact of public policy on justice administration.
Recommended Textbook
Introduction to Criminal Justice 4th Edition by Robert M. Bohm
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14 Chapters
943 Verified Questions
943 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Crime and Justice in the United States
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Sample Questions
Q1) When politically conservative values are dominant in society,the principles and policies of ____ seem to dominate the operation of criminal justice.
A) the crime control model
B) obstacle-course justice
C) fact-finding processes
D) the due process model
Answer: A
Q2) If defendants are not satisfied with the outcome of their trials,then they have the right to:
A) declare a mistrial.
B) appeal.
C) demand a retrial.
D) request new counsel.
Answer: B
Q3) This model rests upon a presumption of guilt.
A)Crime control model
B)Due process model
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Crime and Its Consequences
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following tests for insanity currently is used in half of the United States?
A) the M'Naghten rule
B) the irresistible impulse or control test
C) Durham's rule
D) the substantial capacity test of the American Law Institute's Model Penal Code
Answer: D
Q2) What is the Latin term for crimes that are "wrong in themselves"; crimes characterized by universality and timelessness?
A) mala prohibita
B) mala in se
C) mala au gratin
D) crimenindividualis
Answer: B
Q3) In general,norms do not change from time to time or from place to place.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 3: Explaining Crime
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80 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Men's control over women's labor and sexuality is ______.
A) praxis
B) patriarchy
C) class struggle
D) ecology
Answer: B
Q2) Who argued that criminals are,by birth,a distinct type,and that this type can be recognized by physical characteristics or "stigmata" such as enormous jaws,high cheekbones,insensitivity to pain,etc.?
A) Cesare Beccaria
B) Johan Caspar Lavater
C) Cesare Lombroso
D) William Sheldon
Answer: C
Q3) One objection to radical theory is that the radical definition of crime as the violation of human rights is too narrow and specific.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Page 5
Chapter 4: The Rule of Law
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Sample Questions
Q1) The criminal law of the United States,for the most part,is derived from the laws of:
A) colonial America.
B) Israel.
C) Sumeria.
D) England.
Q2) The principle of using precedents to guide future decisions in court cases is called:
A) stare decisis.
B) ex post facto.
C) eyre.
D) common law.
Q3) Define<b> preponderance of evidence,clear and convincing evidence,and beyond a reasonable doubt</b>.
Q4) Which of the following is more than a gut feeling because it includes the ability to articulate reasons for the suspicion?
A) probable cause
B) reasonable suspicion
C) preponderance of evidence
D) mere suspicion
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6
Chapter 5: History and Structure of American Law
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Sample Questions
Q1) Because of relatively low wages,private security officers frequently work part-time or have another primary job and use their security job wages to supplement their incomes.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In the <b>highway patrol model</b>,the agency and its officers have essentially the same enforcement powers as local police in the state and can work cases and enforce the law anywhere within the state's boundaries.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Early American citizens ____ the formation of the first police departments.
A) resisted
B) encouraged
C) controlled
D) privately funded
Q4) Name the findings of the four blue-ribbon reports conducted in the 1960s and 1970s to improve American policing standards.How did this affect police selection?
Q5) Your textbook lists Peel's Principles of Policing.Name 5 of these 12 principles.
Q6) Briefly explain what the acronym PEPPAS stands for.
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Chapter 6: Police Work
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Sample Questions
Q1) It is believed that soon DNA from a flake of dandruff will yield a positive identification,but there will still be the need to consider mathematical probabilities.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following agencies has the largest AFIS?
A) the Florida Department of Law Enforcement
B) the New York City Police Department
C) the U.S. Secret Service
D) the FBI
Q3) In ____ patrol,officers are given guidance on how to use their patrol time,which is often based on the results of crime analyses that identify problem areas.
A) directed
B) preventive
C) aggressive
D) foot
Q4) Referrals and diversion to community treatment agencies are more common
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 7: Policing America: Issues and Ethics
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Sample Questions
Q1) Research has shown that a number of significant factors affect discretion.Your textbook lists eight of these factors.Name five of them.
Q2) According to your text,a precise definition of brutality is not possible.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Three successful police recruiting practices are listed below.Which of the following does NOT belong?
A) Using television, radio, and newspaper advertisements
B) Going to colleges and to schools in minority communities
C) Waiting for ideal job applicants to gravitate toward one's department
D) Working with local employment offices
Q4) Racial profiling often occurs during ____,where police justify stopping a car because of minor equipment or moving traffic violations that might otherwise be ignored.
A) random patrol
B) pretext stops
C) full enforcement
D) selective enforcement
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Chapter 8: The Administration of Justice
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Sample Questions
Q1) The removal or restriction of the freedom of those found to have violated criminal laws
A)Indeterminate sentence
B)Determinate sentence
C)Flat-time sentencing
D)Mandatory sentencing
E)Presumptive sentencing
Q2) Reductions in sentences for death row inmates,which are granted by a state's governor,are called:
A) appellate reviews.
B) habeas corpus petitions.
C) commutations.
D) proportionality reviews.
Q3) In 1977,the Supreme Court held that rape of an adult female and kidnapping where the victim was not killed do not warrant the death penalty.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Name four of the reasons given in your textbook that explain why the death penalty in the United States is a waning institution.
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Chapter 9: Sentencing, Appeals, and the Death Penalty
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Sample Questions
Q1) In 1977,the Supreme Court held that rape of an adult female and kidnapping where the victim was not killed do not warrant the death penalty.
A)True
B)False
Q2) All but four of the capital offenses under federal law involve murder.Three of these are listed below.Which one does NOT belong?
A) Treason
B) Drug trafficking in large quantities
C) Espionage
D) Kidnapping
Q3) Presumptive sentences may be based on sentencing guidelines,which are developed by sentencing commissions comprised of:
A) private citizens, including victims.
B) legislatures.
C) both criminal justice professionals and private citizens.
D) police and court personnel.
Q4) Define truth-in-sentencing laws.What offenders do these laws target?
Q5) Name the five methods of execution currently in use in the United States.
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Chapter 10: Institutional Corrections
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Sample Questions
Q1) Dorm or barracks living quarters predominate at this security level,and often there are no fences.
A)Supermaximum-security
B)Maximum-security
C)High/close-security
D)Medium-security
E)Minimum-security
Q2) Prisons at this security level utilize total isolation of inmates and constant lockdowns.
A)Supermaximum-security
B)Maximum-security
C)High/close-security
D)Medium-security
E)Minimum-security
Q3) In which of the following types of jails are there no physical barriers between correctional officers and inmates?
A) first-generation jails
B) second-generation jails
C) third-generation jails
D) fourth-generation jails
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Prison Life, Inmate Rights, and Release
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Sample Questions
Q1) Your textbook names five main problems and issues that affect the efforts to professionalize prison work.Name and explain four of these five problems.
Q2) What has research revealed about the increase,decrease,or stability of recidivism rates? Give one statistical example to support this.
Q3) The Supreme Court has ruled that censorship in prisons is legal only if it furthers one of three substantial government interests.Which of the following is NOT one of these interests?
A) Punishment
B) Order
C) Security
D) Rehabilitation
Q4) Totality of prison conditions
A)First Amendment
B)Eighth Amendment
C)Fourteenth Amendment
Q5) Family activity and homosexual activity appear to be deeply connected in women's prisons.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Community Corrections
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Sample Questions
Q1) Define four of the five types of intermediate sanctions discussed in your textbook.
Q2) Presentence investigation reports (PSIs)typically contain five basic elements,which are listed in your textbook.Name four of them.
Q3) Used to verify,either through phone lines or radio signals,that offenders are at their designated locations at particular times
A)Intensive-Supervision Probation and Parole
B)Day Reporting Centers
C)Structured Fines, or Day Fines
D)Home Confinement/Electronic Monitoring
E)Halfway Houses
Q4) In ____,offenders are released from prison directly into the community under the supervision of the parole agency.
A) residential parole
B) split-sentence probation
C) suspended-sentence probation
D) straight parole
Q5) Your textbook names six ideal features of ISP programs.Name five of these.
Q6) Name the four fundamental objectives of parole.
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Chapter 13: Juvenile Justice
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Sample Questions
Q1) Works under the basic assumption that learning is best accomplished by acting in an environment where there are consequences for one's actions
A)Probation
B)Intensive-supervision probation
C)Restitution
D)Wilderness probation (outdoor adventure) programs
E)Day treatment programs
F)Foster homes
G)Group homes
H)Aftercare programs
Q2) Three general types of dispositions are listed below.Which one does NOT belong?
A) Dismissal of the case, which is used in a small percentage of cases
B) The use of a school-based supervision program
C) The use of an institutional program
D) The use of a community-based program
Q3) Your textbook names seven factors that influence the ways police officers handle juvenile suspects.Name five of them.
Q4) Name the four models of teen courts used in the United States today.Which is used most frequently?
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Chapter 14: Understanding and Predicting the Future of Criminal Justice
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Sample Questions
Q1) With which of the following has transnational organized crime groups NOT been involved?
A) hijackings
B) terrorism
C) civil wars
D) transnational organized crime groups have been involved in all of the choices
Q2) Why has transnational organized crime been so difficult for law enforcement agencies to address in Russia as late as the 1990s?
A) no laws against organized crime existed
B) there were no criminal penalties for phony businesses or fictitious bankruptcies
C) there was little financial or social support for law enforcement itself
D) all of the choices are correct
Q3) Which of the following does NOT describe the emotions or experience of a typical identity-theft victim?
A) embarrassment
B) frustration
C) empowerment
D) all of the choices describe the emotions or experience
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