Abnormal Psychology
Pre-Test Questions
Course Introduction
Abnormal Psychology explores the nature, causes, and treatment of psychological disorders. The course examines major diagnostic categories, including anxiety, mood, psychotic, personality, and neurodevelopmental disorders, as defined by current classification systems such as the DSM. Students learn about etiological theories biological, psychological, and sociocultural as well as contemporary research findings. Emphasis is placed on assessment methods, the impact of stigma, and approaches to prevention and intervention. Through case studies and real-world examples, students gain a deeper understanding of mental health, ethical considerations, and the evolving landscape of psychological care.
Recommended Textbook
Criminal Behavior A Psychological Approach 11th Edition Curt R. Bartol
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Criminal Behavior
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Q1) How does the legal definition of crime limit our understanding of criminal behavior? What role does culture play in one's definition of crime?
Answer: The legal definition is behavior in violation of the criminal code.To be convicted of crime,a person must have acted intentionally and without justification or excuse.Our inability to prevent crime is also partly because we have trouble understanding criminal behavior and identifying and agreeing upon its many cause.Trying to study crime and criminal behavior presents many problems for social scientists.The subjects of study are most typically captive,such as prisoners or delinquents in institutions.They are not necessarily representative of the true criminal population.Likewise,the universe of crime itself defies any attempt at determining "how much" occurs.As we see below,although various methods have been used to do this,none provides sufficient and comprehensive information.
Q2) Criminology is the psychological study of crime.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Truancy and running away are examples of ________ offenses.
Answer: status
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Chapter 2: Origins of Criminal Behavior: Developmental Risk Factors
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Q1) Which statement accurately reflects research findings on intelligence and delinquency?
A) The little variability among average IQ scores of racial and ethnic groups suggests no relationship between intelligence and delinquency.
B) There is no evidence that, as a group, delinquents score lower on standard intelligence tests than nondelinquents.
C) As a group, delinquents are less intelligent than nondelinquents.
D) There is an inverse relationship between IQ scores and the tendency toward delinquency.
Answer: D
Q2) Discrimination,racism,unsafe living conditions,and poor nutrition or examples of poverty ________.
Answer: cofactors
Q3) Recent research suggests that ________ childcare arrangements have negative impacts on children's social adjustment.
Answer: multiple
Q4) The leading psychological diagnosis for American children is ________.
Answer: ADHD
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Chapter 3: Origins of Criminal Behavior: Biological Factors
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Q1) Acting without thinking,sometimes referred to as ________,is also believed to be closely associated with deficits in executive function.
Answer: risk-taking
Q2) Which neurotoxin is also an essential trace element?
A) Lead
B) Manganese
C) Selenium
D) Mercury
Answer: B
Q3) Temperament appears in infancy and continues throughout life.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) The fetus and children less than ________ years of age appear to be the most vulnerable to neurotoxins.
Answer: two
Q5) The link between offending and traumatic brain injury is especially strong if the brain dysfunction is located in the ________ lobe.
Answer: frontal
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Chapter 4: Origins of Criminal Behavior: Learning and Situational
Factors
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Q1) Which of the following conclusions is supported by Philip Zimbardo's Stanford Prison Experiment?
A) Situational variables are powerful determinants of behavior.
B) An individual's personality is more important than situational factors in determining behavior.
C) Most people remain true to their principles, even when put into psychologically compelling situations.
D) People do not easily become deindividuated.
Q2) Acts performed in response to orders from authority considered illegal or immoral by the larger community are called
A) bystander apathy.
B) reductionism.
C) crimes of obedience.
D) fundamental attribution error.
Q3) B.F.Skinner is considered the father of behaviorism.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Explain the process of operant conditioning and describe an example of how criminal behavior is acquired.
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Chapter 5: Human Aggression and Violence
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Q1) The aggression debate is part of a wider controversy about the respective merits of ________ and nurture.
Q2) All violent behavior is aggressive behavior.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Why is it pessimistic to view violence and aggression as a genetically programmed aspect of human nature? Explain the sentence: Aggression is a simple,direct method of solving immediate conflicts.
Q4) Hostile and instrumental aggression are distinguished by the ________ they offer the perpetrator.
Q5) Which of the following behaviors represents an example of passive-aggressive behavior?
A) Slapping someone
B) Refusing to speak to someone
C) Shouting at someone
D) Shooting someone
Q6) Aggression is a simple,direct way of solving immediate conflicts.
A)True
B)False
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Juvenile Delinquincy
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Q1) All of the following are major categories of unlawful acts committed by delinquents except
A) offenses against the public order.
B) unlawful acts against property.
C) sexual offenses.
D) status offenses.
Q2) Compare and contrast Moffitt's Developmental Theory with Patterson's Coercion Theory.
Q3) Most of the crime of the young is committed by
A) AL offenders.
B) LCP offenders.
C) psychopaths.
D) gang members.
Q4) The Girls Study Group found that girls fight more frequently at home with parents than do boys.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Patterson's coercion developmental theory argues that the key predictor of early-onset offending is the ________ environment in which the child learns to use coercive behaviors.
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Chapter 7: Criminal Psychopathy
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Q1) Psychopathy Screening Device or the PSD is one of the measures specifically designed to identify youths with psychopathic characteristics.
A)True
B)False
Q2) After summarizing the research on juvenile psychopathy,explain why this construct is so controversial.
Q3) Primary psychopaths who engage in repetitive antisocial behavior are called ________ psychopaths.
A) heinous
B) criminal C) secondary
D) callous
Q4) The autonomic nervous system of the psychopath appears to be A) deformed.
B) insufficient.
C) ineffective. D) underaroused.
Q5) What has been learned about a)recidivism and b)treatment of the criminal psychopath?
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Chapter 8: Crime and Mental Disorders
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Q1) In Foucha v.Louisiana,the U.S.Supreme Court ruled that defendants found NGRI could
A) not be retried once they were no longer insane.
B) not remain hospitalized once they were no longer mentally disordered.
C) be hospitalized for as long as they remain dangerous.
D) be given medication to treat their disorder.
Q2) In the Supreme Court case Sell v.U.S.(2003),the Court ruled that
A) in cases that did not involve violence, courts should be very careful in ordering medication to treat mentally disordered offenders who refuse the medication.
B) mentally disordered offenders should be sedated in the courtroom.
C) psychoactive drugs should not be ordered by any court against the wishes of the defendant, even if the mentally disordered offender tends to be violent.
D) mentally disordered offenders should be institutionalized until cured.
Q3) The research shows that violent people
A) fantasize more than nonviolent people.
B) exhibit the violence triad more frequently than nonviolent people.
C) often have a history of mental disorder.
D) usually have a history of violence.
Q4) Schizophrenia typically begins ________ in life.
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Homicide, Assault, and Family Violence
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Q1) Negligent manslaughter is killing another person
A) as a result of recklessness.
B) with malice aforethought.
C) as a result of uncontrollable passion.
D) in self-defense when danger of serious bodily injury exists.
Q2) The cycle of violence theory posits that coercive and punitive tactics in parenting increase the likelihood of later aggressive behavior and potential domestic violence.
A)True
B)False
Q3) General altercation homicide is a result of ________ aggression.
Q4) The most common abuse of the elderly by caretakers is
A) physical abuse.
B) emotional abuse.
C) neglect.
D) a combination of emotional abuse and neglect.
Q5) List and describe the four categories of homicide generated by Roberts,Zgoba,and Shahidullah (2007).
Q6) An attack becomes ________ assault when the purpose is to inflict serious bodily injury.
11
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Chapter 10: Multiple Murder, School, and Workplace
Violence
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Q1) Which of the following was reported by the National Center for Education Statistics?
A) Over the years, the percentage of youth homicides occurring at school remains more than 10 percent of the total number of youth homicides.
B) While fear of being harmed at school has decreased, the risk of being victimized by school violence has steadily increased.
C) More school shootings have occurred in Germany than in all other countries combined.
D) Students were more likely to be victims of serious violence or homicide away from school.
Q2) Geographic profiling focuses on the ________ of the crime.
Q3) Design a program that could be offered in schools to address school violence.Include details about what research tells us about the perpetrators of these attacks.
Q4) Research by Fox and Levin found that most mass killings are motivated by A) profit.
B) fear.
C) power.
D) revenge.
12
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Chapter 11: Psychology of Terrorism
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Q1) People who have a ________ bias perceive a connection between what people do,are,or believe in,and what happens to them.
Q2) The textbook uses the ________ definition of terrorism.
Q3) In 1846,Henry David Thoreau refused to pay six years of delinquent taxes in opposition to the Mexican-American War and slavery.Thoreau was engaging in A) moral conformism.
B) anarchal passivity.
C) civil disobedience.
D) moral righteousness.
Q4) Diffusion of responsibility is similar to the concept of A) deindividuation.
B) risky shift.
C) authority conformity.
D) moral destruction.
Q5) Bandura believes that terrorists justify their horrific acts in what way?
A) Through a process of cognitive restructuring
B) By associating themselves with religious zeal
C) By accepting responsibility for their actions
D) Through a process of learned helplessness
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Chapter 12: Sexual Assault
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Q1) Which statement is consistent with research on men who commit rape?
A) Men who sexually assault women have inadequate social skills.
B) Men who sexually assault women are weak.
C) Men who sexually assault express greater hostility to women.
D) Men who sexually assault want to be dominated by women.
Q2) According to the text,although myths about rape are changing,college students continue to hold myths about ________ rape.
A) acquaintance
B) marital
C) homosexual
D) statutory
Q3) MDSO is an acronym for
A) manic depressive sex offender.
B) mentally disabled sex offender.
C) multiple diastolic sex offender.
D) morally dissuaded sex offender.
E) mentally disordered sex offender.
Q4) The United States has the highest reported incidence of rape in the world.
A)True
B)False
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Sexual Assault of Children and Youth
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Q1) Hebephilia is a distinct,diagnostic category of pedophilia.
A)True
B)False
Q2) CSOs tend to be ________ and rapists tend to be ________.
A) generalists; specialists
B) male; female
C) specialists; generalists
D) female; male
Q3) In Groth's typology,the MO that is characterized by threat of harm or use of physical force is
A) fixated.
B) sex pressure.
C) sex force.
D) sex demanded.
Q4) Sexual contact with immature family members by individuals from outside the family is called
A) extrafamilial child molestation.
B) intrafamilial child molestation.
C) hebephilia.
D) paraphilia.
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Burglary, Home Invasions, Thefts, and White
Collar Offenses
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Q1) The most common Part I property crime is
A) motor vehicle theft.
B) burglary.
C) larceny-theft.
D) shoplifting.
Q2) Data on shoplifting is difficult to obtain because store personnel have wide discretion in whether or not to report the incidents.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The individual who commits state-authority occupational crime is essentially violating the ________ trust.
Q4) Burglaries are most likely to involve
A) private residences.
B) warehouses and storage facilities.
C) convenience and liquor stores.
D) fast food restaurants.
Q5) There has been a growth in the prevalence of auto theft involving ________ as a method of access.
Q6) The primary motive for professional burglars is ________ gain.
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Chapter 15: Violent Economic Crime, Cybercrime, and
Crimes of Intimidation
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Q1) Cyberstalking is considered a crime of A) intimidation.
B) passion.
C) opportunity.
D) communication.
Q2) The primary motive for adult arsons appears to be A) revenge.
B) crime concealment.
C) financial gain.
D) vandalism.
Q3) At which age range is fascination with fire typical?
A) Between ages 1 and 3
B) Between ages 5 and 7
C) Between ages 10 and 12
D) Between ages 13 and 15
Q4) Less than 10 percent of fires set by ________ is reported.
Q5) Next to deaths caused by motor vehicle accidents,fires are the leading cause of death among young children.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 16: Substance Abuse, Alcohol, and Crime
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Q1) Most research on drug and alcohol abuse and dependence has concentrated on ________.
Q2) Recent evidence suggests a relationship between
A) heroin addiction and money-producing crime.
B) amphetamine addiction and violence.
C) marijuana use and family violence.
D) cocaine use and sexual assault.
Q3) In the fall of 2015,the federal government announced a change in policy that would allow thousands of prisoners convicted of ________ to be released earlier than expected.
Q4) Describe and explain briefly Goldstein's tripartite conceptual model for understanding the drug/crime relationship.
Q5) At high doses of more than 4 ounces,alcohol acts as a A) depressant.
B) stimulant.
C) motivator.
D) hallucinogen.
Q6) Summarize and discuss the six main conclusions researchers have reached in recent years regarding the relationship between drugs and crime.
Page 18
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