Abnormal Psychology
Midterm Exam
Course Introduction
Abnormal Psychology explores the scientific study of psychological disorders, including their origins, manifestations, and treatments. The course examines major forms of psychopathology such as anxiety disorders, mood disorders, schizophrenia, and personality disorders. Emphasis is placed on understanding the biopsychosocial factors that contribute to abnormal behavior, the diagnostic criteria used by mental health professionals, and the various therapeutic approaches employed in treatment. Students will analyze case studies, current research, and ethical considerations involving mental health, providing a comprehensive foundation for understanding the complexities of psychological disturbances.
Recommended Textbook
Theories of Personality Understanding Persons 6th Edition by Susan C. Cloninger
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17 Chapters
2036 Verified Questions
2036 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Personality Theory
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146 Verified Questions
146 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) There is considerable evidence that personality is relatively stable over a person's lifetime.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) For a theoretical construct to be clearly understood, it must be: A) verifiable B) parsimonious C) defined precisely D) valuable heuristically
Answer: C
Q3) Personality psychologists, unlike clinical psychologists, are not concerned with adaptation and adjustment.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Freud: Classical Psychoanalysis
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144 Verified Questions
144 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The superego functions according to primary process.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) The conscious mind is
A) the major component of the personality (according to Freud).
B) experience of which we have awareness. C) expressed in dreams.
D) repressed.
Answer: B
Q3) An overweight person who defends his or her overeating with many reasons ("I need the energy," "I need the vitamins," and so forth) is using the defense mechanism of rationalization.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 3: Jung: Analytical Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) How does personality contribute to racial prejudice, in Jung's theory?
Answer: In Jung's theory, personality contributes to racial prejudice through the concept of the shadow. The shadow represents the unconscious aspects of an individual's personality, including repressed thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. These unconscious elements can manifest as racial prejudice when they are projected onto others.
For example, if an individual has repressed feelings of fear or anger towards a particular racial group, they may project these feelings onto members of that group, leading to prejudiced attitudes and behaviors. Additionally, individuals who have a strong identification with their own racial or cultural identity may be more prone to viewing other groups as different or inferior, leading to prejudice.
Furthermore, Jung believed that individuals who are not aware of or have not integrated their shadow aspects are more likely to act out prejudiced behaviors without understanding the underlying reasons for their attitudes. Therefore, in Jung's theory, personality plays a significant role in the development and expression of racial prejudice through the influence of the shadow and unconscious processes.
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Chapter 4: Adler: Individual Psychology
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135 Verified Questions
135 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Adlerian therapy aims to increase people's A) self-disclosure.
B) ambition.
C) social interest.
D) ability to recall dreams.
Q2) In his explanation of the concept of organ inferiority, Adler emphasized A) the inheritance of personality.
B) the subjective experience of the child.
C) the impact of physical limitations on the development of intelligence.
D) determinism.
Q3) Revolutions in science, like those led by Copernicus and Darwin, are typical of __________ children.
A) firstborn
B) laterborn
C) only
D) twin
Q4) Discuss the research on Adler's birth order theory.
Q5) Social interest can be measured by self-report tests.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Erikson: Psychosocial Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) In modern life, despair is inevitable among the elderly, according to Erikson.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Erikson noted that society's gender roles support the ego strength of initiative.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Being a parent is especially relevant to the psychosocial task of identity versus identity confusion.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Jose thinks of himself as Chicano. This is an example of A) an ethnic identity.
B) a cultural neurosis.
C) individualism.
D) pseudospeciation.
Q5) Select one of Erikson's first four stages of development. What crisis occurs at that stage? What ego strength develops? How does culture support that ego strength?
Q6) What ideas does Erikson contribute to the understanding of racial conflicts?
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Chapter 6: Horney and Relational Theory: Interpersonal
Psychoanalytic
Theory
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140 Verified Questions
140 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Horney, mentally healthy people constantly remind themselves what sort of person they should to be.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Discuss the Horney-Coolidge Type Indicator (HCTI) and its correlation to personality disorders and the three orientations suggested by Horney.
Q3) A person who adopts the "self-effacing solution"
A) is mentally healthy.
B) is a "moving toward" type person.
C) is a "moving away" type person.
D) is a "moving against" type person.
Q4) In the defense mechanism of __________, a person gives socially acceptable reasons for behavior, though they may not be the true reasons.
A) self-control
B) self-presentation
C) elusiveness
D) rationalization
Q5) Describe the emotional conflicts of early life, according to Horney's theory.
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Chapter 7: Allport: Personological Trait Theory
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Sample Questions
Q1) Allport described propriate development in adulthood as cognitive integration of earlier developments.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Allport's concept of functional autonomy emphasizes the importance of __________.
A) self-respect
B) the past
C) the present
D) the future
Q3) According to Allport, a mature, healthy person has a unifying philosophy of life.
A)True
B)False
Q4) According to Allport, the study of prejudice should primarily emphasize A) the social conditions in which people live. B) economic conflict among people.
C) early messages taught to children.
D) individual personality.
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Chapter 8: Two Factor Analytic Trait Theories: Cattells 16
Factors and the Big Five
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134 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Distinguish between surface traits and source traits. Give an example of each.
Q2) Scoring high on Neuroticism can sometimes be positive and helpful in an individual's life.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Describe Cattell's 16PF. Why is it said to measure source traits, rather than surface traits?
Q4) Cattell was born and attended college in A) China.
B) Ireland.
C) England.
D) the United States.
Q5) Conscientiousness is associated with high grades. A)True
B)False
Q6) The most important sentiment is the self-sentiment, according to Cattell. A)True
B)False
Q8) Briefly summarize Cattell's contributions to personality testing. Page 10
Q7) Describe the Five Factor model. Include descriptions of each factor.
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Chapter 9: Biological Theories: Evolution, Genetics, and Biological Factor Theories
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165 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe how biological theories, including those of Eysenck and Gray, have implications for the development of personality through learning.
Q2) Joseph LeDoux is quoted as saying that nature and nurture "speak the same language." Explain what he meant by this.
Q3) Which statement best describes the relevance of evolutionary theory for culture?
A) Evolutionary theory competes with and contradicts cultural explanations.
B) Cultural explanations have demonstrated that evolutionary explanations are incorrect.
C) Evolutionary explanations have demonstrated that cultural explanations are incorrect.
D) Cultural evolution is included within evolutionary theory.
Q4) In Gray's theory, the term "BAS" refers to
A) behavior, affect, and situation
B) Behavioral Activation System
C) belief, action, and situation
D) brain, axon, and synapse
Page 12
Q5) How do evolutionary approaches explain altruism?
Q6) What do we know about the influence of heredity on personality?
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Chapter 10: The Challenge of Behaviorism: Dollard and Miller,
Skinner, and Staats
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183 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Operant responses can be recorded in a Skinner box.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Conflict occurs when a situation
A) arouses anger.
B) involves other people.
C) is similar to situations experienced in childhood.
D) provides cues for two or more incompatible responses.
Q3) Besides exploring psychoanalysis and learning theory, Miller included conducted research in
A) physiological mechanisms of motivation
B) sociology
C) chemistry
D) medicine
Q4) List (in order of their development) Dollard and Miller's four critical training periods of childhood.
Explain what is learned in each stage.
Q5) Secondary reinforcers are innate.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: Kelly: Personal Construct Theory
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Sample Questions
Q1) In order to emphasize that his theory was concerned with the "nature of the animal" rather than with environmental forces, Kelly called his theory
A) a person-centered theory.
B) a naturalistic theory.
C) a humanistic theory.
D) a jackass theory.
Q2) Kelly called his underlying philosophical assumption "__________."
A) logical positivism
B) constructive alternativism
C) physiological determinism
D) humanistic science
Q3) What strategy is most likely to increase creativity?
A) learning to loosen constructs
B) learning to tighten constructs
C) learning to make constructs impermeable
D) learning to validate constructs
Q4) Describe the REP test. Give an example of a small (3-item) grid and explain it.
Q5) Describe Richard Nixon from the viewpoint of Personal Construct Theory. Discuss his various constructs and how he used them in his political career.
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Chapter 12: Mischel: Traits in Cognitive Social Learning Theory
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Sample Questions
Q1) Terms that we use to describe ourselves and other people, such as "intelligent, outgoing, and empathic," would be called __________ by Mischel.
A) traits
B) personal constructs
C) expectancies
D) subjective stimulus values
Q2) Mischel's term "cognitive person variables" refers to A) intelligence.
B) several concepts that replace "traits" as theoretical terms.
C) a method for devising personality questionnaires.
D) a statistical technique for data analysis.
Q3) Use cognitive social learning theory to explain how the behavior and personality characteristics of artist Frida Kahlo. Describe her personality and how cognitive social learning theory would explain why she had those characteristics.
Q4) Mischel suggested that "trait" concepts should be eliminated entirely from personality theory.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: Bandura: Performance in Cognitive Social Learning Theory
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Sample Questions
Q1) Various cognitive techniques, such as symbolic coding, enhance A) attentional processes.
B) motivational processes.
C) motor reproduction processes.
D) retention processes.
Q2) Explain Bandura's concept of "reciprocal determinism." Diagram it. Discuss how this concept is different from Skinner's concept of environmental determinism.
Q3) The concept of reciprocal determinism involves all of the following variables except which one?
A) behavior
B) environment
C) person
D) society
Q4) Bandura said that therapy should be based upon A) insight.
B) an analysis of childhood experience.
C) learning principles.
D) physiological interventions.
Q5) Define "self-efficacy." Why are self-efficacy expectancies important?
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Chapter 14: Rogers: Person-Centered Theory
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Sample Questions
Q1) Rogers called his therapy groups "__________."
A) encounter groups
B) T-groups
C) sensitivity groups
D) family constellation groups
Q2) Unconditional positive regard means loving someone __________.
A) because you yourself feel loved
B) regardless of that person's behavior
C) unwisely
D) without considering the consequences
Q3) Describe Rogers's advice about relationships and marriage.
Q4) Rogers recommended that therapists should clearly communicate to clients what behavioral standards they must reach.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The organismic valuing process leads people toward healthy development.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Describe encounter groups. List some of the uses of such groups.
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Chapter 15: Maslow and His Legacy: Need Hierarchy Theory and Positive Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Maslow preferred to speak of "human diminution or stunting" instead of "psychological illness."
A)True
B)False
Q2) Achievement and concern with reputation are typically important at the fourth level of the need hierarchy.
A)True
B)False
Q3) At the first four levels of the need hierarchy, people are motivated by __________.
A) fear
B) hunger
C) deficiency
D) approval
Q4) In order of their emergence, the needs in Maslow's hierarchy are
A) physiological, safety, esteem, love, self-actualization.
B) physiological, esteem, safety, love, self-actualization.
C) physiological, safety, love, esteem, self-actualization.
D) safety, physiological, love, esteem, self-actualization.
19
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Chapter 16: Buddhist Psychology: Lessons From Eastern Culture
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Sample Questions
Q1) The word Karma is often used incorrectly to refer to both one's actions and the consequences for those actions.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Your text describes emotional reaction as one of the moments of perception of Buddhism and likens it to _____ in Western psychology.
A) psychoanalytic defense mechanisms.
B) self-actualization.
C) irrational thought patterns.
D) basic levels of needs.
Q3) Nirvana is the annihilation of all selfhood and attachments and is the goal of development..
A)True
B)False
Q4) A Buddhist might explain depression as a form of suffering caused by A) the overemphasis of the self.
B) early life experiences.
C) negative thought patterns.
D) physiological factors.
Page 20
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Chapter 17: Conclusion
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Sample Questions
Q1) When people tell the stories of their lives, they are expressing the __________ metaphor.
A) information processing
B) emergent self
C) mechanistic
D) narrative
Q2) Pluralism is an approach that
A) respects the integrity of various theories, which are allowed to coexist.
B) attempts to unite various theories into a unified whole.
C) combines the best of various theories, without making a systematic whole.
D) selects the one best theory and rejects the rest.
Q3) The approach that values selected contributions from diverse theories is called
A) eclecticism.
B) unified theory.
C) pluralism.
D) learning theory.
Q4) No attempts at unified theory have been made in recent decades.
A)True
B)False
Q5) List and describe three metaphors that have been applied to personality.
Page 21
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