Full Report: Tapping Social Media Using Artificial Intelligence to Understand Gender-Based Violence

TappingSocialMediaUsingArtificialIntelligence toUnderstand

Gender-BasedViolence

NormsandPerceptionsinJamaica

OxfamCanada(OCA)|WE-TalkProject|Quilt.AI August2023

TableofContents

➔ Acronyms -3

➔ ProjectBackground -4

➔ Methodology -6

➔ Narrative1:GenderlessViolence -18

➔ Narrative2:TrivializingRiskFactors -29

➔ Narrative3:UnfaithfulandUnfeeling -40

➔ Narrative4:InvincibleMatriarch -51

➔ Narrative5:Hyper-Sexualization -62

➔ Narrative6:MasteringMasculinity -71

➔ Narrative7:ThePuritanismIdeal -83

➔ Narrative8:UnsafeSex -94

➔ Narrative9:SexEducation -105

➔ Narrative10:TransactionalRelationships-116

➔ Narrative11:AChild,“Disciplined” -127

➔ Takeaways -138

➔ Appendix:Summary -156

➔ Appendix:DataSources -159

DISCLAIMER:This study was commissioned by Oxfam for the WE-Talk project with financial support from GlobalAffairs Canada.The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this work do not necessarily reflect the opinions held by project partners Oxfam, WMW Jamaica, CariMAN Jamaica, or GlobalAffairs Canada. Furthermore, the statistics in this report may not be comparable to national-level statistics.

Acronyms

➔ AI-artificialintelligence

➔ GBV-genderbasedviolence

➔ ROC-rateofchange

➔ LGBTQ-lesbian,gay,bisexual,transgender,andqueer

ProjectBackground

WhyWE-Talk?

Acollectiveefforttochangenorms andstereotypesthatunderpin gender-basedviolence

TheWE-Talkprojectaimstohelpreduce gender-basedviolence(GBV)inJamaicaby raisingawarenessaboutharmfulattitudesand behaviourscontributingtoGBV,andby empoweringcommunityleadersand organizations.Innovativemethodsforresearch, stakeholderengagement,behaviourchange communicationcampaigns,andcapacitybuilding helptopromotetransformationof socialnorms andreduceGBV.Theprojectprioritizes collaborationwithcivilsocietyorganizations, community-basedyouthgroups,women'srights organizations,andfeministcollectives.

ProjectDescription

Analyzingmediaportrayals ofgender-basedviolenceto informeffectivestrategies forchange

Usingartificialintelligence(AI)researchtools, Quilt.AIwillanalyzehowGBVisrepresentedin Jamaicansocialmediaanddissect accompanyingpublicperceptions.Quilt.AIwill identifytrustworthysourcesandmessagingon varioussocialmediaplatformsthroughthe analysisofsearchdata,keywords,videos, images,profiles,andposts.Insightsgained willbeusedtodevelopaneffective communicationcampaigntochangeattitudes andbehavioursregardingGBV,ultimatelyto increasethelikelihoodofreducingGBVin Jamaica.

Methodology

Terminology

Term Definition

Whatitmeans

Thepercentshareofanarrativeagainsttotalsearchvolumeoverthepast twoyears.(i.e.UnsafeSexmakesup14%ofallsearches.)

RateofChange(ROC),thegrowthrate,inpercent,ofanarrativeoverthe pasttwoyears(averageyear2-averageyear1)/averageyear1)x100.

Howpositive,negative,orneutralapost–orbroadernarrative(%)--is. DetectedusingQuilt’sAIanalytics.

Theaverageofallusers’socialmediafollowingswithinthenarrative(or counternarrative)discourse.

Agroupingofsearchkeywordswithinanarrativeintomultipletopics. DeterminedbyQuilt’sAIClassificationtool.

Thepercentshareofathemeagainsttotalthemesdetectedwithina narrative(i.e.8.6%ofGenderlessViolencekeywordsmentioncrime statistics.)

Auserwithinthenarrativediscoursethathasalargefollowing(over1,000 followers)online,andbyproxyismoreinfluentialthananaverageuser.

Socialmediausers(withbothlargeandsmallfollowings)whoare disruptingorchallengingharmfulnarrativesandpracticescontributingto GBV.

Thelargerthesize,themoreinterestusersareshowingin thenarrative.Theinverseisalsotrue.

IftheROCishigh,thenarrativeisemerging(or established).Iflower,thenarrativeisreceding(orsteady).

Whetheratextperpetuatesaharmfulnarrative(negative), dispelsaharmfulnarrative(positive),orneither(neutral).

Allowsustoquantifythedifferenceinreachbetween narrativeandcounternarrativeinfluencers.

Themesshowwhatislargelyinformingorinteractingwith anarrative,andcanhelpidentifyentrypoints.

Thelargerthethemeis,themoreinstrumentalitisin informinganarrative.

Thelargerthefollowing,thegreaterreachauser’s messaginghasinthemainstreamculture.

CounternarrativeusersallowWE-Talktocapitalizeon existingeffortswithinJamaicaformaximumefficacy.

SentimentAnalysisExplained

SentimentAnalysisinspectsagiventextandidentifiestheprevailingemotional opinionwithinthetexttodetermineawriter'sattitudeaspositive,negative,or neutral.Theprocessusuallybeginsbysystematically‘crawling’throughtextand splittingitintobasiccomponents,suchassentences,phrases,tokensandentities. Thenextstepistoidentifytopicandrelationshipbetweenwords.Theprogramme thenassignsasentimentscoretoapost.Sincethehumanlanguageiscomplex,the programmeistrainedtodetectandanalyzegrammaticalnuances,slangwords, culturalvariations,andmisspellings.

Quilt.AIleveragedourClassificationTooltofurtherlocatesentimentinrelationto theprojectscope,ratherthanjustbasedonthetextalone.Buildingonour SentimentAnalysistool,thisprojectusedcustomlabelstoclassifynegativeand positivesentimentinthefollowingways:

(1)PositiveSentiment:Thistextspeaksaboutgenderroles,gender advocacyandgenderminoritiesinawaythatispositiveforvictimsand dispelsharmfulmyths.

(2)NegativeSentiment:Thistextspeaksaboutgenderroles,gender advocacy,andgenderminoritiesinawaythatisharmfulforvictimsand reinforcesdamagingmyths.

Aneutralpostisonethatdoesnotconveyanypositiveornegativesentiment:it solelystatesfacts.Neutraltextsarecriticaltoimprovetheoverallaccuracyofthe sentimentmodel;‘denoising’orcleaningthedatasetandpreventingthemodelfrom categorizing thedataaccurately,theneutralclasssignificantlyimprovesthebinary classificationofnegativeandpositivesentiment.

TargetPopulationsforIntersectionalConsideration

WE-TalkTargetGroups

TEEN MOMS

YOUTH (16-24)

ELDER WOMEN ECONOMIC DEPENDENTS

ProjectTimeline

SearchData

ResearchLimitations

SearchData

SearchdataconsistsofqueriesonGooglealone,anddoesnotinclude searchesondifferentsearchenginesorsocialmediaplatforms.

Whilekeywordcurationforsearchdata(i.e.thesortingandsharing)is doneorganically,itmayskewtowardsuserswithgreateronlineaccess, oruserswithhighereducation.

Searchquerieswerecollectedinthetwo-yearperiod2021to2023,and donotincludequeriespriorto2021.

Quilt.AIdoesnothaveaccesstoinformationaroundwhoissearchingfor theseterms,northeirdemographicprofiles.

SocialData

SocialmediaplatformsoutsideofTikTok,Facebook,Instagram,X (formerlyTwitter),YouTubeandRedditwerenotincludedinthisanalysis.

Thedatadidnotincludeprivateonlinecommunities(e.g.Facebook, WhatsAppgroups)thatcouldnotbeethicallyaccessed.

Giventhisanalysislooksatsocialmedia,otherformsofmedia(i.e.radio) werenotconsidered.

Quilt.AIcannotdiscerntheageorsocioeconomicstatusofauser. Audiencetoolswereleveragedusinginterestproxiestogaugeaudiences.

ResearchApproach(1of2)

PROJECTSIGN-OFF

SEARCHANALYSIS

Quilt.AIusedsearchanalyticsto:

● Startgeneratingkeywordsthatalignwith GBVnarratives(socialnormsornormative stereotypes),experiences,socialrewards andsanctions

● Estimatetherelativesizeorvolumeof interestineachnormorstereotype

● Estimatethegrowthrateofeachnormor stereotypeoverthepasttwoyear

● Understandemergingthemessurrounding thenormorstereotype

PRELIMINARYANALYSIS

Conductresearch,alignwithotherpartiesonthe contextaroundcurrentGBVconversations,risk factors,andareasofinterest.ExploreGBV conversationsinJamaicannewspapers,onlineand socialmedia. Focusontargetpopulationsandwhat theyaresaying.

CONSULTATION

Co-constructknowledgeandlearningsalongsidea localconsultantandprojectpartner,WMWJamaicawithexpertiseinboththeculturalcontextandGBV atlargetoensurefindingsarepertinent,keywords arecolloquiallyrelevant,andinsightsareactionable forJamaica.

SOCIALANALYSIS

Research Approach(2of2)

Usingthesamesocialanalysistools,Quilt.AI

● Identifiedcounternarrativesthatare occurringinJamaicatodisruptharmful norms/assumptions

● Identifiedkeyplayers/influencerswho wouldmakegreatadvocatesineffortsto changethenarrative

Quilt.AIusedtext-,image-andvideo-analyticstools tolookatInstagram,Twitter,TikTok,andFacebook to

● Identifykeythemesofconversationsthat arediscussedthemostonline

● Identifyanykeysocialmediainfluencers informingeachnormorstereotype

● Identifydominantsentimentofeachtheme online

● Identifytopwordsusedtodiscussthese topics

MESSAGING OPPORTUNITIES

Takingintoaccountthebackgroundinformation sharedwithusoverthecourseoftheproject,Quilt.AI summarizedrecommendationson:

● EntrypointsforWE-Talk

● Referencegroupforeachnarrative(normor stereotype)

● Underlyingcausesofeachnormor stereotype

● Diffusionstrategiesandactionable takeawaysforWE-Talk

Overviewofnarrativesidentified

GENDERLESSVIOLENCE

Thesharedbeliefthatthereisnosuch thingasGBV(oritisanon-issue); thereisjustgeneralviolencethat affectsmenmorethanwomenor children.

TRIVIALIZINGRISKFACTORS

ThesharedbeliefthatGBVrisk factorsaresoingrainedinJamaican societythattheyshouldbemocked ratherthantakenseriously.

UNFAITHFUL&UNFEELING

Thesharedbeliefthatinrelationships withmen,womenareunfaithfuland deceitfulbynature,asevidencedin cheatingorpaternityfraud.

INVINCIBLEMATRIARCH

Thesharedbeliefthatwomenholdmore powerandprivilegeinJamaicathan men–interpersonallyandinstitutionally -andthereforecannotbevictimized.

HYPERSEXUALIZATION

Thesharedbeliefthatwomenare inherentlysexualobjects,available forthesexualpleasureofothers. Heavilyinformedbydancehall culture.

MASTERINGMASCULINITY

Thesharedbeliefthatinorderto assertmasculinity,amanmustbe dominantandcontrolling,both sexuallyandinsociety.

THEPURITANISMIDEAL

Thesharedbeliefthatbehavioursor identitiesinanintimatepartnerthat deviatefrombiblicalpurityor ‘goodness’,e.g.premaritalsexor homosexuality,arewrong.

UNSAFESEX

Thesharedbeliefthatsexforwomen issupposedtoberough,painful, evenviolent.Informedbyalackof healthysexeducation.

SEXEDUCATION(avoidanceof)

Thesharedbeliefthatsexeducation issuperfluous,inappropriate or controversial,particularlyforyoung personsbelowtheageof16.

TRANSACTIONALRELATIONSHIPS

Thesharedbeliefthatitisnormalfor sexualactstobedrivenbyexchange ofmaterialitemssuchasmoney, goods,servicesorprotection.

ACHILD“DISCIPLINED”

Thesharedbeliefthatphysically harmingchildrenthroughcorporal punishmentisacceptableasameans ofdiscipliningachild.

DRIVEROFBELIEF

Quilt.AIinterpretedthenarratives alongthefollowingaxes:

INDIVIDUAL

Thisbeliefisinformedbyan individual’sunique combinationofthoughts, emotions,andexperiences.

INSTITUTIONAL

Thisbeliefisinformedbythe collectiveactions,policies,and practicesofanorganizationor system.

NATUREOFBELIEF

PRESCRIPTIVE

Thisbeliefisaboutthe behaviours,roles,and characteristicsmenandwomen shouldhave.

DESCRIPTIVE

Thisbeliefisaboutthe behaviours,roles,and characteristicsmenand womendohave.

Mappingnarratives: Adetailedlookat gender-based violence

Analyzinggendernormsand stereotypesthroughanindividualand institutionallens,andalongthe descriptive/predictiveaxis,offersa comprehensivelookatfactors causingorreinforcingGBV.It considersindividualattitudesand societalexpectations,aswellas systemicpoliciesandpracticesthat perpetuateinequality. Thisframeworkenablesusto deconstructandaddressgender normsandstereotypesasthey intersectattheindividualand institutionallevelsinJamaica,with theaimofreconstructingnarratives thatwillhelptopreventGBV.

SizeandRateof Change:analyzing volumeandgrowth

Whenthenarrativesarepositioned basedonsizeandgrowth,theyare deemedtobeeitherreceding(small sizeandgrowth-Unfaithfuland Unfeeling,Transactional Relationships),emerging(smallsize, highgrowth-InvincibleMatriarch,A ChildDisciplined,TrivializingRisk Factors,PuritanismIdeal),dominant (largesize,highgrowth-Genderless Violence,Hypersexualization),or stable(largesize,lowgrowthUnsafeSex,MasteringMasculinity, SexEducation). Theirclassificationdependsonthe averagesizeandgrowthforthisdata set.Anegativegrowthratemeans discourseisoccurringless,whilea positivegrowthratemeansdiscourse isoccurringmore.

AChild

“Disciplined”

Genderless Violence

GenderlessViolence

Highratesofgeneral violenceeclipseawareness ofgender-basedviolence, andtheneedforresources

InJamaicansociety,thepervasivenessofviolencehas createdacomplexdynamicthatimpactsreactionsto,and legitimacyof,GBV.Thenormalizationofviolenceinvarious aspectsofdailylifehasledtoadesensitizationtowards violence,butalsocentersmenastheprimaryvictimsof harm,ratherthanwomenandchildren.Consequently,the framingofGBVasauniqueissuedeservingitsownformof interventionisundermined,hinderingeffectiveresponsesand perpetuatingacycleofharm.

SIZE: 12%

Individual

Descriptive

“‘GenderbasedviolenceinJamaicaisatanalltimehigh’ guessthat hasntntodowithJamaicahavinga1000+murderrate ”

“AnadultwomanrapedmewhenIwasa15yearoldboy.WhenItoldpeople theylaughedatme,womenrapeboysinJamaicaandpeopledon'trealize, manyboysgoontotakeouttheirpunishmentongirlstogetbacktheirpower.I thinkJamaicanwomenrapeasmuchasmen.”

“Wouldlovetothecostofviolenceagainstmenandtheeconomic cost.Whilenoonecondonesviolenceagainstwomentherealityis mendietentooneinrelationtowomeninJamaica.”

GROWTH: +4%

Institutional

Prescriptive

“Theevidenceisrightthereinfrontofoureyestoseethatmenare dyingataridiculousrateinJamaica…ItsaMurdercrisis.Notawoman andchildrencrisis.”

Male

“womenandkidsarebarelyevendyingtoviolencecomparedtohow manymendiedifyoucheckthestatistics.”

Male

...weareprobablytheonlycountryknown wheremoreboysdiethanwomenand girlscombined,”saidGayle.Whenhedid abreakdownofvictimsofcrime,henoted that,“80percentwouldbemalesoverthe ageof18,ninepercentwouldbeboys whoarevictimsofmurder.Within Jamaica,itisoftenperceivedthatboys aremainlytheperpetratorsofviolence. But“boysareactuallythegroupthathas themostdisproportionatevictimisation ofviolencethananybodyelse”.

There’snosuchthingasgender-based violence…Malesareviolent,femalesare violent.Nocrimeatallwehcommittedinna Jamaicaoranywhereelseinnatheworld shouldbedistinguishedbygender.So, whenunnoagoputoutthisbigthingaroad asiftosay,‘Oh,geezam,womenaredying andthisisserious’.Ofcourse,thisisvery serious,butpeoplearedyingandifthe mandemadeadatsucharapidrate,why istherenoimportanceplacedonthisfact, thisreality?

Whilegender-basedviolenceis hiddenbya‘cultureofsilence’, violenceagainstmenisvisible

GeneralizedviolenceinJamaicareceivesmuchmedia attentionwhileGBVislesspublicized,spokenabout,or legitimizedbylegalinstitutions.Thus,usersmayfeelremoved fromtheissueofGBVandaremoreoutragedbygang violence,corporalpunishmentorurbancrime.Thecultureof silencingvictimsofGBV,underreporting,andthebeliefthat violenceagainstwomenoccursinprivatespaces,apartfrom society,allservetoperpetuatethisnorm.

Underlyingcauses:Sharedhistoryofviolence(slavery, colonization)makesmenfeelequally,ifnotespecially,victimized

Socialsanctions:Appeasesmenbymitigatingneedformale accountabilityandengagingmalevictimsofviolence(general)

Referencegroup:Centralmediaoutletsormediainfluencers speakingonVAM,alackofconversationaroundviolenceagainst women

Discourseontheneedtoincludemenin conversationsaboutgender-basedviolence

Sentimentpertainingtothis narrativeisdisproportionately negative,madeupof4%more negative,3%lessneutral,and lessthan1%morepositive discoursewhencomparedtothe average.

Negativediscourselargely(and angrily)callsouttheperceived hypocrisyoffemalevictimhood. Thisharmswomeninthenameof “men’srights”.Neutraldiscourse isabouttheneedformentobe includedinconversationsaround violence.

Positivediscoursecelebrates, ratherthanvilifies,effortsin JamaicatoaddressGBV, particularlyeffortsthathave beensuccessful.

“DomesticViolenceiswomen’sdouble standardslikeSexisformen.Regardlessof whatissaid,it’llalwaysbemoreokfor womentobeviolenttowardsmenwithlittle tonorepercussionevenindeath.”

“‘OntheInternationalDayforthe EliminationofViolenceAgainstWomen,join usforaconversationonthestateof ViolenceAgainstWomeninJamaicalookingatthewayforward.’

Willtherebeaviolenceagainstmenin Jamaicaeventoo?”

“ AHugeTHANKYOUtoouramazing sponsorsforjoiningusonthisjourney! Yoursupportisinvaluable.Thankyoufor joiningthefighttoendviolenceagainst womenandgirlsinJamaica.

#ElevateHerJa

#EndViolenceAgainstWomen“

Middle-agedmenprimarydriversof‘GenderlessViolence’

Needfortrustednews sourcestoamplifydemand forgender-basedviolence preventionandresponse

'Influencers'aremainlynews,radio,orgovernmentalsourcesthat coverinstancesofgeneralizedviolenceinJamaica.Again,this legitimizesgeneralizedviolenceandurgesresidentstomobilize againstgangviolence,forexample,withoutincentivizingcitizens toshareasimilarconcernaroundviolenceagainstwomen.

Whilewomensharestoriesofviolenceinprivatespaces,there maybelessincentivetoreport,fearingtheverysocial institutionsthatlegitimizegeneralizedviolence(e.g.police, Courts,newsmedia,thechurch).Evenifanewsoutletand/or influencerhandlesthereportingofGBVresponsibly,thisdoesnot shieldvictimsfrombeingcriticizedinthecommentsection.

EntryPoints:Journalists,reporters,radiohosts,mediapersonnelthat distributeinformationonviolencecountry-wide

DiffusionStrategy:Trainingmediaoutletsonviolenceagainstwomen sensitivity,trainingcommentmoderators,evidence-based incentivizationtoframeviolenceasgendered

Influencers:

JamaicanObserver

“Thevastmajorityofrespondentssaidtheyhave beenthevictimsoforwitnessedviolenceby studentgangsters.”

TheJamaicaStar

“‘Wearefedup’-J’canmomwholostonlychildto gunviolencewantsfirearmban”.Shewasshotby gangsterstradingbullets.”

Nationwide90FM

"DesmondMcKenziesaysmoresheltersarebeing builtacrossJamaicainanefforttocombat violenceagainstthehomeless.”

“Inthewar-tornMtSalemcommunityofMontego Bay,1familyof7hasfledtheirhome,seeking safetyfromescalatingviolence.”

CVMTelevision

“Tuesday'skillingoftwomeninWestKingston provokedprotestsfromHannahTownresidents, whodecrytherepeatedmurders.”

LoopNews

“HeadoftheStCatherineSouthPoliceDivision saystherecentflareupofviolenceinPortmore, St.Catherine,isaresultofaninternalgangfeud.”

Howtheframingof violenceasgenderless hurtsvictims

Thisbeliefmisrepresentsgender-basedadvocacyasameans tosubtractfrominitiativesreducinggeneralizedviolence, ratherthananendtoprotectgroupswhoareespecially vulnerabletoviolence–interpersonallyandinstitutionally.Inthe process,victimsofGBVareharmedinthefollowingways:

- Twitter Furtherexcludesmale victimsofGBV

Maybehesitanttoreport (beyonddisclosing)

Antagonizeswomenand orgsspeakingonGBV

“It’shardenoughtotry femalevictimrapein Jamaica…Ican’t imaginewhatit’dbelike totrymalevictimrape”

“Ihatehowtheseblack feministthotslike @biancaphd aretryingtoturnmy beautifulJamaicato Epsteinisland.”

- Twitter

Ignoresthestructural realitiesthatinform GBV

LessensincentiveforGBV resources,initiatives

“saying‘stopviolence againstwomenand children’isbasically marginalizingmen. Everyoneneeds empathy&protection.”

- Instagram

Intersectionalanalysis(WE-Talktargetgroups)

Teen Moms

Youth (16-24)

Elder Women

Economic Dependent

Noclearimpactdiscussedinonline spaces.Dataanalysisdidnotfind anyavailablediscourseontheimpact ofGenderlessViolenceonteen moms.Whilethatdoesnotmeanthat noimpactexists(sincethenorm de-legitimizesGBV), itdoessuggest usersarenottalkingaboutitasmuch –orasopenly–online.

Primaryvictimsofviolence.

Researchshows“youtharethe primarycohortofthepopulationthat aremostaffectedbycrimeand violenceinJamaica,bothasvictims andperpetrators”andofbothviolent andsexualcrimes[1].Thus,they existbothintheworldsofgendered andgeneralviolence,impactedby both.

Excludedfromtheconversation. Elderabusevictimshavean especiallydifficulttimevoicingtheir experiencesbeingbothmarginalized byageandgender.Plus,“thereisno establishedlegislationwhich specificallytargetselderabuse”[2]. Elderwomenneedmoreprotection andmorevisibility.

Noclearimpactdiscussedinonline spaces.Inthedataset,thereisno clearmentionoftherelevanceof GenderlessViolencetoeconomic dependentswhorelyontheir abusers,beyondtheimpactthisnorm hasonallvictimsofGBV,including thoseexperiencingfinancialabuse.

Searchesshowcrime synonymouswith gangs,schoolviolence

Outofallqueriescollected,theAI classifiednearly9%ofallnarrative searchesaspertainingtocrime statistics,followedbycrime(7.6%). Inthesequeries,crimeis synonymouswithgeneralized violence,i.e.gangorgunviolence, whichbegsthequestions:Howcan GBVbeaddressedifitisnot recognizedas alegalandmoral offence,andaviolationofhuman rights?HowcanGBVsurvivorsbe supportediftheyarenotseenas victimsatall?

TOTALTHEMESIDENTIFIED: 250

TOTALSEARCHVOLUME: 29,280

to crime and violence in jamaica”

ChangingtheNarrative:GenderlessViolence

Breakingstereotypes,buildinggender equality:howtochallengemisconceptions ofgender-basedviolenceinJamaica

GBVmustbeseenasapressingissueinordertobeaddressed

Searchthemesofferinsightintowhatisneededtoframeviolenceasa genderedissue:morewidespreadcirculationofstudiesandstatisticsthat emphasizetheubiquityofGBV;initiativestoensureitisunderstoodasa crime,andtestimoniesthathighlighttheimpactthatsexualviolence (againstwomeninparticular)hasontheindividualandonthecommunity.

Empowersurvivorsthroughpeersupportnetworks

Itisknownthatwomentalkabouttheviolencetheyexperienceinsmaller circles.Encouragetheformationofsurvivor-ledsupportgroupswhere individualswhohaveexperiencedGBVcanconnect,sharetheirstories,and supporteachother,whileseekingadviceandaccessingresources.

Remind

menthatagenderedframingofviolencedoesnotexcludethem

MenmayfeelalienatedindiscoursethatpositionsGBVinoppositionto generalizedviolence.Remindingthemthatthey,too,are“genderedbeings”

-whocanbevictimsofGBVandexperiencegeneralizedviolence,inpart duetoviolentmasculinity-canpositionGBVeffortsashelpful,notharmful.

ShowcasediverserepresentationsofGBVsurvivors

Sharepowerfulstoriesofindividualsfromadiverserepresentationof genderswhohaveexperiencedGBV,showcasingthevaryingrangeof survivorsandtheirexperiencestochallengetheperceptionthat(general) violenceonlyaffectsmen,orGBVonlyaffectswomen.

ChangingtheNarrative:GenderlessViolence

Advocateseducatethepublicongender-basedviolence

@NikiSkye

followers

“Domesticviolenceisagendered crime.InJamaica,menare overwhelminglytheperpetrators andwomenthevictims.Inaddition, womenareatgreaterriskofinjury andsufferfatalitiesmore.Alittle researchwouldhelpanyonewho seekstounderstandthese issues…Tryingto'balance'theissue andtoerasethehigherriskthat womenfaceputthematmorerisk andalsoerasesthelivedrealitiesof womeninJamaica.Italsodilutes theproblemwhichmeansthat possiblesolutionswillnotaddress theissue.”

boujie.banton

followers

“Yes,Jamaicanwomen,allwomen& ourgirlchildrenmustbevaluedand protected.Thismuststop!”

@sebrinacbrown

“Whenwetalkaboutgender-based violence,oneofthebiggest hindrancestousmovingforwardto actuallyimplementinganational plantokindoftacklethisissueis thelackofsubstantivedataaround thearea.Unlessyouhaveprevalent surveys…whichdelvesdeeperinto theissue,youdonotunderstand themagnitudeandtheextentofthe issue.Youcannotdevelopproper interventionstofightGBVin Jamaica.AndGBVisalsoleading... tothisextremelybigproblem,a femicidethatwehaveinJamaica. Wedon'ttalkaboutitalot.“

“Thewomanthemcan'tjogagain?Don't tellmeyoulockGodagainSomebody, anybody!!,weneedaintervention,the manthemgonemadagain“

TrivializingRisk Factors

TrivializingRiskFactors

Country-specific

comedy desensitizesaudiencetowarning signsofgender-basedviolence

Whilecomedycanofferareposeorescapefromnegative realities(suchaswidespreadGBVinJamaica),humourcan easilydescendintotrivialization.Quilt.AIfoundthat high-performing#jamaicanhumourpostsmakelightofthe verycircumstancesthatincreasewomen’svulnerabilityto GBV.Thus,aneagernesstoshareorlaughatuniversal experiences,withoutanawarenessofhowthoseexperiences areintertwinedwithidentity-specificviolence,canturna harmlesspostintoadangerousprecedent.

“#EvilWest#jamaicantiktok#fyp#TikTok#viralTiktok#ViralVideo#trend #Trending Wedon’tendorseviolencetowardswomenthisisforfun andjokes. ”

Descriptive

SIZE: 6%

GROWTH: +3%

Lookslikea#prankgonewrong itshis onherchestattheendiswild #SlipNSlide #GoodVibes2da #KingP #music#fight#fyp”

Videoshowstheinfluencerhappily skippinghomeandtakinghistimetobeat uphisstepfatherafterhismothertexts himsayingshewasbeingabused

Comments: “Lmaoooookaythisisfunny ”

“Milovedaskip ”

“Iwatchedthis100times ”

Jamaicanmenhavethisweirdtalentwhere they’reabletosaythemostsexually outrageousthingstoyou,andmakeit soundlikethemostbeautifulpoemever writtenbyman…Thismanwalkeduptoa womanandsaid‘wantdieinyourvagina andswimaroundlikePoseidon’andinstead ofbeingoffended,shewaslike‘wow…i’m actuallyreallyintoGreekmythology’

Gender-basedviolenceis justifiedasculturaltraditionand usedasapopularcomedictrope

Jamaicancomedyoftentrivializestwothemes:mencatcalling womenandviolenceagainstwomeninrelationships.This humourtriestojustifythesebehavioursasculturaltraditions, downplayingtheirseriousness,rootedinpatriarchalvaluesof genderinequality.Suchhumourencouragesdangerous mindsetswhichobjectifyanddisrespectwomen,which overlookthemistreatmentofwomenanddonotrecognize GBVasacrimeandviolationofhumanrights.

Underlyingcauses:Genderstereotypes,lackofeducationand awarenessofGBV,practicesthatnormalizeviolence

Socialsanctions:Victim-blaming,lackofconsequences,norms thatprioritizesocialharmonyoveraddressingGBV

Referencegroup:Comediansandmediainfluencersnormalizing GBVwiththeirjokes,lackofeducationandawarenessofGBV

Usersshowconcernaboutthesharingofviolentvideos

Discussionsaround"TrivializingRisk Factors"differfromtheaverage sentimentdistribution.Itis approximately4%morenegative,3% moreneutral,and7%lesspositive thantheoverallaverage.

Positivediscoursepointsoutthatthe sharingofvideoswithviolentcontent, orvideosthattrivializeviolence,has becomenormalizedintheonline worldinJamaica.Usersareurgedto thinkmorecriticallyabouttheimpact ofthismaterialonGBVvictimsand societyatlarge.

Neutraldiscourseiscuriousabout onlookers’rolewhenrecordingviolent acts(vicariousliability).

Negativediscoursefeedsintopranks orcomedicvideosthatmakelightof physicalviolenceandabuseforthe sakeofentertainment.

“ActingLikeI'mGoingToHITMYFIANCE'S JAMAICANMOMToSeeHerReaction! *BADIDEA*”

“Thefunniestprankever! ”

“VIDEO:Womancaughtoncamera kidnappedfromherhomebyherabusive boyfriendinJamaica familyworried Insteadofjustrecordingwhydidn’tshe helpherorcallthecopsorsomething”

“Ican’tunderstandfolkswhocontinueto sharedeadbodies&accidentsceneson socialmedia.Stopforaminute&think.You wouldneverwanttoseealovedone paradedlikethatonline.Trulysickening.”

Interestinthisnormheavilyskewstowardsyoungerwomen

Influencersspeakto universalityofrisk factors

Manyinfluencersinformingthisnormarecontentcreatorswith largefollowings,eagertosharecommonalities–eithernationally orabroad–aboutwhatitmeanstobeJamaican,togrowupwith Jamaicanparents,ortonavigateJamaicansociety.High-engaging postsspeaktowidespreadexperiencesofviolence,anger,and abuse–orthecircumstancesthatinvitethoseexperiences.

Aswithcomedy,thesecreatorsserveasamirrortotheirculture, orareusingcomedytocopewiththeexperiencesofbeing victimizedattimesbytheirveryownculture.Someofthe influencerswhojokeaboutGBVriskfactorsforwomenarewomen themselves.

EntryPoints:Comedians,maleinfluencerswithlargesocialmedia outreach,mediapersonalities,memepages

DiffusionStrategy:Empathy-drivenstorytelling,redirectinghumor towardsraisingawarenessandpromotingempathyforGBVvictims

Influencers:

@benitajadah

“WhenyourJamaicanmomCussesyououtwhile youroutwithyourfriends:‘Watchwheny'allcome home.SeeifIdon'tlickyoudownsoyoulearnyour lessonIdidn'tbeatyouhardenoughlasttime’”

@darrielstewart

“Whenyougotojamaicatoliveyourmaddestlife andyallwentthrough5bottleofAppletonandthe mandemorder1more”

Royalprince

“Jamaicanwomenwhy? #jamaicantiktok #caribbeantiktok#funny#nyc#jamaicanwomen #fyp#fypシ”

@gaffer3323

followers

“Mikickoffablodcladworldancomeinakoh manangdoyouaflinniphonenayiblodcladtoilet EgyalminnawannophonenanabathroomNone Don'tfuckyourbloodcladselfwithmenowman”

@nickay47

“HowJamaicanwomancusstheirman. Murdaaa #fypシ #viralvideo#jamaicatiktok #jamaicanwoman#jamaicanwomenbelike#viral”

@man4dmission

“Tooearlyforthis#fyp#jamaicantiktok #jamaicantiktok viral#crackheadcomedy #whiteplainsroad#jamaicancomedy”

Howthetrivializationofriskfactorsacts asabarriertosupportforsurvivors

ThetrivializationofGBVriskfactorsreinforcesharmful attitudesandpractices,makesitharderforvictimstobe takenseriously,anddiscouragessurvivorsfromseekinghelp oraccessingjustice.Itseverelyunderminestheimportance ofdevelopingandimplementingeffectivestrategiesforGBV preventionandresponse.

Partnerhashadan extra-maritalrelationship

Partnerhasbeenina fightwithanotherman

Exposuretoemotional abuseduringchildhood

Frequentquarreling amongstthecouple

Partnerstruggleswith alcoholordrugabuse

Intersectionalanalysis(WE-Talktargetgroups)

Teen Moms

Youth (16-24)

Elder Women

Economic Dependent

Experiencingfurthermockinginthe digitalrealm.Therearevideosinthe onlineworldthatmakefunofteen momsinJamaica,yetlittlediscourse existswhereusersrespondor criticizethiscontent.Thiscontent mayserveasanextensionofthe mockingorstigmatizationthey experience,furthermarginalizingand isolatingthembothonlineandoffline.

Normalizationstartsatayoungage. OnplatformslikeTikTok,Twitter,or Instagram,deadlyschoolfights, intimatepartnerviolence,orcrime footageoftengo“viral”and“sparka lotreactionfromJamaicans”[1].

Whileadultsmayhavethecapacityto engagewiththiscontentcritically, youthareengulfedincontentthat normalizesviolence.

Alifetimeofnormalizedabuse.For olderwomen,violencehasbeen trivializedandnormalizedoutside socialmedia,andinturnusers discussandspeculatehowthis demographichasbeenexperiencing abuseoverthecourseoftheir lifetimes.Oneuserremarks,in responsetoa72yearoldwoman killedbyherhusband,“probably beatingherallherlifeRIPMatriarch” [2].

Jokesdelegitimizedependents’risk ofviolenceathandsofprovider. Jokesaboutwomenoryouthsbeing financiallydependentonmenareso rampantintheonlinespace,that womenwhoareexploited,trapped,or experienceviolenceasabyproductof thatdependencemaynothavetheir concernsheardorlegitimized.Or, violenceistreatedasanormalpartof thefinancialarrangement.

Desensitization

to

violence

beginsata youngage

Outofallqueriescollected,theAI classified~13%ofallnarrative searchesasrelatingtoschool violence,followedbyglobal pornography(8.5%),scandals (6.1%)andmemes(5.7%).School, pornographicsites,and entertainmentplatforms(albeit gossipsitesormemepages)are allsignificantinformantsofyouth culture,whichmeansusersare desensitizedtothevery behavioursthatshouldflag concernand interventionin youth.

TOTALTHEMESIDENTIFIED: 248 TOTALSEARCHVOLUME: 15,400

wife cheats with popcaan”

choking woman meme”

repeatedly hits girlfriend after breakup prank”

ChangingtheNarrative:TrivializingRiskFactors

Challengingharmfulhumour, amplifyingrespect:howtodisruptthe trivializationofgender-basedviolence

Socialmediamonitoring:invitinggreaterdiscourse

RegularlymonitoringsocialmediaplatformsforcontentthattrivializesGBV orpromotesviolenceagainstwomenandchildren(e.g.schoolfights)could beagoodstartingpointforcreatingeducationaldialogueconcerningthe impactthatcontentcanhaveonreal-lifevictims.

Light-heartedhumourmaystillhaveitsplace

Comedyisapowerfultooltodisarmaudiencesthatmayhavestrong reactionstogender-baseddiscourse.Whencontentcreatorsleveragethe powerofhumourtochallengenegativeideas,mythsandstereotypes, comedycanbeusedtoraiseawareness.

Engageandeducatecontentcreatorswhopostharmfulcontent

Reachingoutdirectlytocontentcreatorsandprovidingthemwith educationalresources,statisticsandstories,andhighlightingthe seriousnessoftrivializingGBVmayencouragethemtoreframetheir content.

Launchacampaignwithuser-generatedpositivemessaging

Launchacampaignwithuser-generatedmessagesthatencourageusersto createandsharetheirowncontent,suchasvideos,graphicsormemes, thatpromotepositivemessagesaboutconsent,genderequalityand respectfulrelationships.

ChangingtheNarrative:TrivializingRiskFactors

Advocatesusehumourtocalloutgenderinequality

@DBuckSWStEliz 1.08Kfollowers

“Wenttoseeandhearformyself.

Idon'tknowallwhoplaygames.But tohearthePMofJamaicaplaying games,trivializing&politicizing gangs,murdersandviolence,is tragic!ThisisnotthebestJamaica cando.Wecandomuchbetterthan this.”

@howshaniekaseesit 1.5Kfollowers

@ShariiOfficial 32.6Kfollowers

“Ikeeponthinkingyoucannotget anymoreoutofpocketandIkeepon beingwrong.”

“JamaicanMenwityadwityad.Fix up,Fixup”

“Whydoyouthinkthatapproaching awomanandgoingintheirpersonal spacewithastinkmouthisok?"

Unfaithfuland Unfeeling

Unfaithful&Unfeeling

Womenseenasinsidious anddeceptive

“asamanyoumusttoleratethesecondgenderbadbehaviour Likeyousaidwomendon'tlovementheyloveonlywhenyougivethemThier immediatedesire,Goodsex,moneyetc”

“Thesewomendon'tunderstandthedamagetheydotoaman'smindwhen theydostufflikethat.Tryingtomakeitlooklikehewasunstableorsomething.”

Commentatorsbelievethatthecapacityto cheat, deceive, andtobemoney-grabbers,isintegraltowomen’s relationshipswithmen.IntheJamaicancontext,theissue ofpaternityfraud–orgivingmen“thejacket”–isperceivedas awidespreadmanifestationofwomen’sdeceitfulnessin pursuitofmonetarygain.Violencetowardswomenthen becomesjustified,whilewomen’stestimoniesofviolenceand victimizationaredismissed.

“‘Awomangetsexposedforattendingtwodifferentbabyshowerswearingthe samedressfor2differentmen.’SoonseeheronpaternitycourttalkingAbtshe didn'tcheatnit'surbaby.Whoever‘ur’is”

Descriptive

SIZE: 3%

GROWTH: -12%

“MANYJamaicanwombmenneedtofixupastheyhavelittleselfrespectand evenlessfortheirchildrenseeing/usingtheirchild/renasafinancialpawneven 'selling'them/allowingthemtobegroomed by'MrBig'!”

“Womenaresoevil.ImagineIsaiditwasamistakethatiwasgivingthembun anddemstillwahgimmebun.Howpetty.”

Demgyalyahwicked,demwicked,dem wicked

Idon'tknowhowdemsowicked

Whydemsowicked

Quantaniumdidtellmedemwicked

Comment:AllrisefortheNational AnthemofJamaica

Comment:AllstandfortheRedpill nationalanthem!

Comment:Womantoowickedtoo,they knowinglygivethechildtothewrongman becauseoffinancialsecurity/relationship security.

Comment:Ifthewomenwouldengagewith onepartneratatimeandhaverespectfor themselvestheywouldn'tbeconcerned aboutbeingshamed.

Comment:womendon'tcarewhenDema shamemen

Bothmenandwomencan ‘benefit’fromassumptions regardingwomen’simmorality

647Kviews

InJamaica,thereareseveralmythsandmisconceptionsthat encourageuserstobelievethatwomenare‘evil’.Formen,it mayabsolvethemofresponsibilityorpersonalhurtifthey haveanegativeexperiencewithawoman.Itmayjustify causinghurtorharmtowomenwho‘deserveit’.Ifavictimis ‘immoral’,anabusermayfeelnoneedtoproceedmorally.For women,participatinginthisdiscoursemayshowtheyarea uniquecase,deservingofmoraltreatment(andundeserving ofviolence).

Underlyingcauses:Legacyofslavery,religiousinterpretations, historicalpowerimbalances&patriarchy

Socialsanctions:Allowsforthecontinuedmistreatmentand disenfranchisementofwomenwithoutneedforreform/subversion

Referencegroup:Men,especiallyofahighprofile,speakingto universalexperiencesofinfidelity,being“jacketed”

‘Unfaithful&Unfeeling’containshighestpercent ofnegativediscourseacrossallnarratives

Thesentimentdistributionfor "Unfaithful&Unfeeling"displaysa markeddifferencefromtheaverage. Itisapproximately10%more negative,2%moreneutral,and9% lesspositivecomparedtotheoverall average.

Negativediscoursehighlights women'sseeminglyinnatecapability tocheat,incorporatinghumourand referringto“scientificfindings”while discussinginfidelity.

Neutraldiscourseappears‘positive’, challengingtheperceptionofhigh ratesofinfidelitybyproviding statisticalevidencethatcontradicts commonbeliefs.

Positivediscoursedispelsthemyth thatallwomenarecruelorevil.They humanizethem,celebratingtheir successesandrecognizingtheirhard work.

"HappyMonday,accordingtoSIANCE (science)&Dr.Gayle,womenhavewhatit takestocheat-BETTA!Watchthefull Psychologyof…BUN(Season2)on #psychologyofbun#jamaica#cheating #stats"

“Backaround2005astudyshowed32%of courtorderedpaternitytestswherethe paternitywasindoubtitshowedtheman testedwasnotthefather.

Dudeswillholdontothisasifthiswastrue forthegeneralpublic. It's1-3%butthat doesn'tfittheirnarrative."

“IfollowalotofwomeninTech.AllIseeis themgettingfit,gettingmoney,getting certs,buyinghouses,buyingAMG’s.It’sso dopeandmotivatingtosee.That’swhyI wakeupat3am/330amtobustmyassto catchupwithyall.Causey’allreally working! ”

Millennials,olderwomendriversof‘Unfaithful&Unfeeling’

TheInvisibleInfluencer:a safespaceformisogyny

Here,topinfluencersaremainlymen,manyofwhomhidebehind ambiguousscreennamesandnon-determinantprofilepictures thatmaketheirtrueidentityevasive.Undertheseambiguous onlinecircumstances,perhapstheyfeelincreasinglyempowered tospeakofwomen’sperceivedvileness.Inadditiontothistypeof anonymousmalefigure,top-followedpostersoverlapwiththe malesexualcontentcreatorspaceandmemepages.

Intermsofdemographics,followersofthesepagesaremainly men.Quicklyenough,despiteintent,postsgeneralizingwomen’s behaviorcirculateinmale-dominatedspacesfilledwith like-mindedusers.Theassumptionthatwomenareinnatelyevil becomesnormalized,spillingintoofflinerealms.

Influencers:

EntryPoints:Maleinfluencers,memepagesandsexualcontent creatorswithlargesocialoutreach

DiffusionStrategy:Challengeharmfulstereotypesandandpromote positiveattitudestowardswomen,promotepositiverolemodels

RealestKavi

“Ittakesalotforwomentocheat.Andminahtalk bouttheoneswedashoutdemfrontcausethe mandrivesaluxurycar#BwoyATingzAfterDark”

TheB-U-N™

“‘Especiallyify’allmarriedthatreallymakesyou mysisternow…Mendon’tencourageeachother tocheatthat’sawomenthing”

@daystargreen_sa

"RT@_ShaunKeyz:I’llneverunderstandwomen wholieaboutbeingraped,that’ssoevil.”

“Tyresesayshefoundoutduringhisdivorcetrial thathisex-wifewasonlyinitforthe“Money”’men whentheyfindoutwomenlovemoney”

@junior_flexxx

“RT@BradleyCarl256:Youreallyhaveaproblemif youdon'tlikewomen,putthefactthatthey'reevil aside..they'reablessing ”

BobMango

“@DJewelledDollJamaicanwomendon’tdeserve loyalty Bunfirun”

Howthedemonizationof womenharmsvictimsfrom seekinghelp,resources

Frameswomenas responsibleforabuse

Normalizationof violenceagainst women

“Matthewbeatthegirltillshe wetherselfinadditionto brandingherandpplreallyout yahadefendhim??Unnu serious???pplsayingshe consentedtogettingbeat,that shedeserveditforbeinga cheater…Iamshocked!”

- Twitter

“thatswhymanfistopbabyupdem stinkinggyalyaandtreatdemlikethe dawgshittheyare”

Thisnormativestereotypecreatesacultureofvictim-blaming andshame,causingwomentointernalizefeelingsofguiltand self-blame,andtofearjudgmentandfurtherstigmatization. Demonizationalsocanresultindiminishedcredibilityand reducedsupportfromsocietyandinstitutions,makingitharder forwomentoaccesstheassistancetheyneed.

Vilifies&dehumanizes advocates

“It'sppllikeherwhywe needmandatorytesting thisactivistmustknows whatitfeelsliketogive amanajacket”

- Youtube

Underminesempathy andsupportfor victims

““itmustbeareasonwhyhe'streatingher thisway,alwaystwosidestoastory”

“@VybzKardoNo,you're justtootraumatizedand indoctrinatedtoseethat lightskinnedwomenare thetrueevil”

- Twitter Framescertaintypes ofwomenas especiallyevil

Intersectionalanalysis(WE-Talktargetgroups)

Teen Moms

Youth (16-24)

Elder Women

Economic Dependent

Teenmomsexperience greatest victimblaming.Whengirlsandteens becomepregnant,whenimpregnated byoldermen,usersfindwaystovilify victims,withremarkssuchas,“she didnottakethenecessary precaution”[1],suggestingtheyoung momsarelyingaboutthefathers,or were“willingparticipants”(in instanceswheretheteenisbelowthe ageofconsent).

Youthviewedashavingnomorals, unlikeoldergenerations.Whenit comestosexuality,relationships,and ethics,youthoftenexperiencethe mostcriticism.Younggirlsare disproportionatelysubjectedtohate online,evidencedincommentssuch asthisonefromaYoutubeuser: “Mostoftheseyounggirlsnowa dayshavenomorals”[2].

Viewednegativelybybothwomen andmen.Whilemenmayfeelolder womenareespeciallyunfeeling, youngerwomenlookdownonelder women’sstances.Oneuserwrites,“I needoldblackwomentohealcause wtf”[3].Elderwomenfeelattimes abandoned,noting“...some[youths] willnotliftafingertohelpme, withoutstretchingouttheirhand”[4].

Doubleburdenofcriticism.Economic dependentsarevilifiedfromtwo angles:first,fromtheangleofrelying onapartnerorparentforfinancial stability(feedingintotheideathat womenuseothersformonetarygain) andfromtheangleofnotleavingan abusersooneroratall,ignoringthe complexrealitiesoffinancialabuse andpowerinequities

Pornographyfeeds the‘Unfaithful& Unfeeling’stereotype

Outofallqueriescollected,9.5% ofallsearcheswereclassifiedby AIaspertainingto global pornography,portrayingwomen ascheaters,dishonestorsexually immoral.Pornography’s percentageismuchlargerthan otherthemes,whichsuggestsa perceivedlink betweensex women’s‘deceitfulness’.Asmany usersnotethat“sexed=porn” [1],thelinkbetween violenceand thisnormativestereotype,maybe furtherreinforced.

TOTALTHEMESIDENTIFIED: 240

TOTALSEARCHVOLUME: 8,360

highest rate paternity fraud”

court paternity fraud”

ChangingtheNarrative:Unfaithful&Unfeeling

Breakingstereotypes,buildinginclusion: Disruptingharmfulbeliefsaboutwomen

Tacklingthepowerfulroleofglobalpornography

Whileempoweringdiscoursethatframeswomeninapositivelightmaybe scarceonline,“adult”contentisrampantandinfluential.Thestereotypeof the‘deceitfulwoman’needstoberemovedfromonlinediscoursearound woman’ssexuality,andoffensivesexualcontentonsocialmedianeedsto bereported.

Empowermentprogrammesforespeciallymarginalizedwomen

Searchdatashowthatsomewomenfacegreaterhurdlesthanothersin beingbelieved.Empowermentprogrammestailoredtoaddresstheunique anduniversalchallengesofmarginalizedwomen,viaskillstraining, mentorship,andsupportnetworks,canhelpenhancetheiragencyand challengestereotypes.

Ifwomenaredegradedandvictimizedbylegalinstitutions,userswill follow

Toensureequitabletreatmentofwomeninthejusticesystem,collaboration withlegalinstitutionstoprovidetrainingongenderawarenessandhowto supportsurvivorsthroughoutlegalprocesses,canreducegenderbiasand victimizationfromtoptobottomofthejusticesystem.

Menarekeytochangingthenarrative;rewardpositivetestimoniesabout women

Astopinfluencersshow,thisstereotypeisfed,circulatedandlegitimizedin male-dominatedspacesonline.Todisruptthisnarrative,maleusersmust speakoutagainstthevilifyingofwomenandvictims.How?Encouragemen, particularlyinfluencers,tosharepositiveexperiencesandencounterswith women.

ChangingtheNarrative:Unfaithful&Unfeeling

Advocatesshowhowthisstereotypeharmsmenandwomenalike

@yooneedmorejodi 13.7Kfollowers

“‘AsawomanIwonder,“Whywould menCHOOSEtobelievethat womenaregreedygold-diggers whoarealwaysonthehuntforthe nextbigrichmanwithasquarejaw? Thatthey'realwaysschemingto commitpaternityfraud?Whydo menpreferthinkingtheironlyvalue istheirwallet?’’”

@khorii_rhymes 11.1Kfollowers

“WomenUsMenAppreciateYou #khorii_rhymes

#jamaicantiktok viral#women #empowerment”

@chadmorganesq 13.7Kfollowers

“‘MinisterofLegaland ConstitutionalAffairs,Marlene MalahooFortehasdeclaredthat shewillnotsupportanypushto legaliseabortioninJamaica...in honourofhermother.’

Thesearethepeoplewehave inpowerstandingonnothingbut atavisticpersonalbeliefs,limiting andblockingaccesstolifesaving services.

Whymustyoursingularexperience trumpthelivedrealitiesofhave (especially)youngwomeninJa?

Aregressiveregime!”

@heisdelarue 8.85Kfollowers

“#jamaicafyp #jamaicafyp #jamaicafyp #educationfyp

#jamaicatiktoker #sexualidade #educatioedition#fypwomen”

Invincible Matriarch

InvincibleMatriarch

Theillusionoffemalepowerandits impactongender-basedviolence andvictimizationinJamaica

“‘Jaimaica…[isoneof]theonlycountrieswhereabossismorelikelytobea woman’AndthatswhyIsmhatpplinJamaicawhostilltalkabouttheworkplace beingmaledominatedandmajoritymaleruled.Thatwholegenderbias/women strugglingforequalityinaJaworkplaceisover”

GBVisrootedinunequaldistributionofsystemic,societal andinterpersonalpower.Yetusers,mainlymale,arefirmin theirbeliefthatJamaicanwomenholdthepowerand privilege,andthatwomenareincontrolofthehousehold, ofthegovernment,andofsociety.Thishasconsequences forGBVintwoinsidiousways:womenare(1)seentobe responsibleforcreatingacultureofviolenceand(2)are notcapableofbeingvictimized.

“Mostmalesareraisedbywomen. Jamaicaisamatriarchalsociety? Howcanrapebecontrolled? WomenPower?” Male

“The"shockandoutrage"...canyouimagineawomanbeinginvolved?Whichset ofmurderersinthiscountryfunctioneffectivelywithoutwomenascoretothe "system"?Let'skeeplivingindenialthatwomenandworkingmenare "innocent"” Male

“Thepopulationofwomenare7to1 Justaninterestingfact.Alsorunthecountry.”

SIZE: 6%

GROWTH: +7%

Descriptive Prescriptive

“LoL,I'velivedinthreecountriesinthepastdecadeofmyadultyears.Letme assurethat:(1)ALLthreearere-examiningtraditionalgenderroles. (2) Jamaicaneverhadanytobeginwith,lol.Mendonotrunourhouseholdsand mostJamaicanmanagersarewomen.”

However,thereisstilltheclaimofwomen beingrelegatedtosecondplacebyamale dominatedsociety,onearmedwitha testosteronedrivenboys’clubmentality andthesubtle,sometimesovertdisplayof disregardforthefairerandfinersex….Ifall womendemandmenweartheirpantsat theirwaistandnotattheirknees,not exposetheirbuttocksandunderpantsand formameaningfulrelationshipwithabelt, thenthatiswhatwewillallendupdoing.

Manlovewoman,womannotloveman. Onlymanlovewoman,mebread.And womanrecognizemanforthempossess andwhatshecanget.Amanalonewill buythemhouse,buythemcar,paythem furniturebillandlikebillallthatshit.And womannotdothattoyouunlessyouare gotheotherwayandyouarehitwithshit fromthembottomallthatshit. Understand?

Perceptionsofpower: Womenhavepersonaland institutionalauthority

Thisnormativestereotypemanifestsinusersregarding womenasholdingmorepowerinstitutionallyaswellas interpersonally.Accordingtoarticleslike“JamaicaWomen HoldthePower”,menwilldoanythingawomantellsthemto, andwomen’sclassificationas“second-classcitizens”isa fantasy.Usersalsobelievethatwomenwilldoanythingto takeadvantageofmen,leveragingwhateverittakesinpursuit ofmen’smaterialpossessions.Thus,ineitherscenario,men whosubscribetothisbeliefconsiderthemselvesvictimsof femalepower.

Underlyingcauses:Mediaportrayalsandpopulardiscourse, socioeconomicdisparities,interpersonalmaleadversity

Socialsanctions:Canguiseharmfulstereotypesasaconcernfor equality,givesmenroomtogainmorepower

Referencegroup:Men’srightsactivists,talkshow/radiohosts, publiccasesofmalevictims,femaleaggressors

Discoursesentimentilluminatesfemaleempowerment amidstgenerallynegativegenderdynamics

Whenanalyzingthesentiment distributionforthe"Invincible Matriarch"stereotype,weobservea significantdeviationfromthe average.Itisapproximately2%less negative,4%moreneutral,and1% lesspositivecomparedtotheoverall average.

Neutralconversationinvolves personalanecdotesandperspectives thatunderlinethecomplexitiesof genderroles,feminism,andindividual preferences.

Positivecommentaryhighlightsthe correlationbetweentheearning powerofwomenwithhighratesof domesticviolence,suggestingthat somemenreactnegativelyto women’seconomicpower.

Negativediscourseputsincreasing onusandblameonwomen,beyond theirexistingresponsibilitiesandinan efforttoabsolvemenfrombeing responsibleandaccountable.

“StopputtingtheresponsibilityofYOUR bodyonthesemen.Womenneedtobe responsible.Period.Stopmakingexcuses foryourself.”

“HadthisconvoonadateonceIconsider myselfafeministbecausei’mprowoman butIdon’tthinkmen&womenareequalI thinkwomenaresuperior&Idon’twantto changegenderrolesIwantsoftlife&men towork&provideforme”

“MenhavenogenderrolesinJamaica. Theysaytheirroleistoprovide,yet80%of WestIndianfamiliesarematriarchal,so whatpurposedemserveexactly?? Only the20%adotings.

“Womenmakemore than inJamaica tooThat’swhydomesticviolencerateisso highbecausethey’reangrywomenhave money&powerbuttheyrefusetogiveus respect”

Men,ages24-64,showdisproportionate interestinthisstereotype

Influencersinclude lawyersandjournalists ofbothsexes

Topinfluencersinthisnarrativecomefromawidevarietyof spaces:somearelawyers(ClydeWilliams)whileothersarenews personnel(CVMTelevision),andsomearewomenandmen.In essence,thisnormativestereotypeisinformedbybothpublic institutionsandprivatecircles,operatingintandemwith stereotypeslikeUnfaithful&Unfeeling.Inthiscase,usersarenot arguingwhetherwomenarevirtuousornot,butinsteadsubscribe tothebeliefthattheyaredisproportionatelyfavouredassuch.

Theimpact?Thedeep-seatedbeliefthatmenneedtobe protectedfromwomen,whomtheyviewastheoppressorandmen astheoppressed.Thereisanoverarchinginabilityor unwillingnesstoseetheneedtosafeguardwomenfromabuse.

EntryPoints:Newsmediaoutletsandjournalists,maleinfluencers, influentialfiguresholdingrespectedpositionsinpoliticsorlaw

DiffusionStrategy:ShowcaseGBVstoriesfromvariousangles, educateandpromoteawareness,fosterdialogueandinclusion

Influencers:

CVMTelevision

“Thefourwomenaccusedofdefraudingthe Sagicorbankofsome65milliondollarswere grantedfivemonthsbailextension.”

ClydeWilliams

“@yaneekpageAndyouarewoman.Theman experienceisverydifferent.Thestreetsnoteasy forassertiveJamaicanmen,notbeingviolentjust standingonyuhrights.”

Martinshoota

“Blackfeministdon’twantequality.Theywantto beandhavethepowerofwhitewomen.They wanttohateblackmenwithoutbacklash.”

@loweminuh

“RT@amarihanifahh:Eveninthecourtoflaw womenareprotectedandcoddled”

Dr corruption⚚

“teachhimalessonwaekowayanxushima activist,thefactdatamanshouldn'traisehis handsonawomanisgivingdiswomenthewill andpowertorideonmen”

February’sFire

“@TheConsciousRN_Thispowerstruggleinthese genderwarsaregettingprettylame.Abunchof angrywomenwithmoney”

Howthe‘InvincibleMatriarch’ narrativeharmsvictimsof gender-basedviolence

Ifwomenareperceivedtoholdthepowerinbothpublicand privatespaces,socialmediausersaremorewillingto downplaytheprevalenceandimpactofviolenceagainst women.Inturn,thisshiftsfocusawayfromsystemicgender inequalities,andinsteadpromotesnarrativesthatundermine theexperiencesandneedsofvictims.

Believesexistingsystem isworkingforthem

UnderreportedGBVdue toconstantdownplay

Womenseenasresponsible formistreatment

Limitedsupportand resources

Framescertaintypesof womenasespeciallyevil

“Alotofpoormaleslack financialsupportfromparent (s)/thirdparties...Ontheother handapoorfemaleinJamaica willfindasugardaddy, businessownerormarriedman tospoilherwhichultimately allowshertogainaccessto opportunitiesmuchfasterand easier”

- Youtube

“Youcanhavethemostloving man-ifyougivehimthe opportunityhewillcheat.You canhavethemosttoxicman andifyoudon’tlethimhewill notcheat.Womengottacome backtotheirsenses-see thingsforwhattheyareandbe awareofthepowerwehold!"

- Twitter

“Andthere'sabsolutelyno resourcesforthevictimsof theseformsofabusewithin theisland.Wejusthavetosit thereandwonderifitsallinour heads.Ibegthewomenof Jamaicatoeducate themselvesongaslighting.....it happensmorethanyouthink”

- Twitter

IntersectionalanalysisofWE-Talktargetgroups

Teen Moms

Youth (16-24)

Elder Women

Economic Dependent

Superhumanstrengthrequiredfor youngmoms.Oneuserrelateshow traumatizingherteenpregnancywas, tothepointsheideatedsuicide,yet remarked“asalessontootherteen girls”that“thesechallengesgaveme thecouragetoworkharder.”[1]Other usersonTikTokreassurepregnant teensthattheyshouldremainstrong, calm,andgothroughwiththe pregnancies,minimizingsocialand infrastructuralobstacles.

Notinterestedininvincibility;want aneasierlifeinstead.Youngwomen donotwanttobe‘invincible’or necessarilyactiveinthemovement forgenderequityandempowerment ofwomen. Asoneuserputsit, “Sprinklingtripletpregnancydust, inheritance,moneymenandasoft lifeallovertheTL.”[2]

Socialadvancements:thefruitof elderwomen’slabour.Elderwomen areofthegenerationof“makingbold strides”,underthebeliefthatwomen “shouldseizethepowertheyhaveto makethechangeswewishforinour country”[3].Whiletheycontest narrativesthattheywieldthepower they’veearnedagainstmen,theydo viewtheiradvancements,sociallyand politically,asachievementsworth celebrating.

Invisiblevictims:Duetothe perceptionthatwomenaremoreable tobeeconomicproviders–which appearstocorrelatewithgreater ratesofdomesticviolence[4]–abuseexperiencedbytheireconomic dependentsmaygounnoticedormay bequestioned.Thereisariskthat financialabusemayberecognized predominantlyformalevictimsonly.

Concernsover women’sperceived politicalpower

Outofallqueriescollected,6.3% ofsearchesrelatedtothis stereotypewereclassifiedbyAI aspertainingtopolitics,followed bynegativecommentsaboutmen (3.4%),men’srights(3.4%)and stereotypes(3.0%).Politics,while largelyabsentfromthe influenceranalysis,showsgains forwomen,suchasthe“Historic NumberofWomenElectedto Jamaica’sParliament”in2020[1]. Thus,whiletheperceptionof women’spowerisinflated,itis influencedbyrealprogress.

TOTALTHEMESIDENTIFIED: 237 TOTAL

“portia simpson miller jamaica”

“gender discrimination against men in the labour force”

“how male marginalization affects society perception of men”

“gender stereotype men being the main breadwinner”

“articles of gender discrimination against men”

“divorce attorneys for men's rights”

“the effects of gender inequality in the workplace for men”

“the effect of gender quotas on male politicians”

wife”

gender inequality statistics”

ChangingtheNarrative:InvincibleMatriarch

Recognizemaleusers’vulnerabilities, whileengagingmenonhowwomen’s empowermentbenefitssociety

Medialiteracyandcriticalthinkingisamust

Implementmedialiteracyprogrammesthatequipindividualswiththe necessaryskillstocriticallyanalyzemediamessages,helpingthemto recognizebiasesandmisinformation,andtopromoteamorenuanced understandingofwomen'sempowermentandgenderdynamicsinJamaica.

Addressingsocioeconomicfactorstoengagemen

Provideeducationalresourcesandinitiativesthataddressthe socio-economicchallengesmenface,promotingunderstandingofsocietal powerdynamicsandtheinterconnectednessofdifferentformsof oppression.

ShowingstoriesofGBVfromdifferentangles

Itisimportanttoincludetestimoniesfromawiderangeofsurvivors, and to recognizethatsomeboysandyoungmenexperienceGBV.Itisimportantto consistentlyusedatawhichshowsthatwomenandgirlsareespecially vulnerabletosexualandintimatepartnerviolence;thismayhelpuninformed maleuserstorecognizetherealityofGBV.

Collaboratewithinfluencerstopromoteunderstandingof,ratherthan fearof,women’sempowermentandgenderequality

Engagemaleinfluencers,celebrities,andinfluentialleaders,topromote balancednarrativesandchallengetheperceptionofwomen's empowermentasanoppressiveforce,emphasizingtheimportanceof equalityandmutualsupport.

ChangingtheNarrative:InvincibleMatriarch

Advocatescallouttherealitiesofgender-basedvulnerability

@dempsterchung

2.84Kfollowers

“"@ThisisPreki

-Womenpaid2/3ofaman'ssalary fordoingsamejob

-Over1in4womenarevictimsof genderbasedviolence

-4thhighestrateoffemale homicideintheworld

-30%ofparliamentariansare women

Representationinoneniche(female middlemanagers)doesn'tmean equality."

“Honestlyitsverysadthatwomen caawalkinnapeaceinnademoun country”

“Herhandsswell,herfaceswellbig peopleshecantdonuthinohGod, andmiatellyaman,enoughwomen isgoingthroughit”

“It’sdisappointingtoseesomany womenagainsttheideaof menstrualleave.Itsagoodtimeas MENtoeducateourselves.”

Hypersexualization

Hypersexualization

Theobjectificationofblack womenandgirls:colonial causes,modernconsequences

Jamaicanwomenhavebeenhistorically–andremaintoday–hypersexualizedduetoacombinationoffactors,including deeplyingrainedracialstereotypes,objectification,andthe influenceofcolonialismandslavery.Thisinformstheconcurrent exoticizinganddegradingofJamaicanwomen'sbodies, perpetuatingharmfulanddehumanizingstereotypesthatportray themassexuallypromiscuous,available,andexistingsolelyfor thepleasureofothers.Girlsarealsohypersexualized,making themespeciallyvulnerabletoviolence.

SIZE: 11%

GROWTH: -1%

“thebiggestwhiplashI’veevergottenisbeingsexualizedmyentire teenagelifeandnowwhenalltheseoldassm€nseethatI’m18 they’relike“oh,Ithoughtyouwereyounger”or“ifyouwereyounger” likewtfisthatsupposedtomeanweirdo ”

“Onehourinthecarwithfour19yearoldsandIlearnt:

1.Scammadancehallhaveabuzz

2.Ifyoursongisn'taboutpussy,freakygyalgivingblowjobs,and/or blowingoffabwoyheadtop,isitreallyahitsong?”

“‘nooneseesanythingdisturbingaboutthisvideo?’Nope,because sexualizedkidsarenormalinJamaica ”

“littlegirlslookinlikeBIGWOMAN...thatswhynuffmangettingin TROUBLE... ”

“Onceyoulearnhowtocontrolyourlust,you'llnoticemostwomen canonlyprovideyouwithissex”

WhenIseeyouwininginfrontthestage

(there'ssomethingaboutyou)

Pleaseforgiveme,pleaseexcuseme

Butthere'snothingelsethatamancan do(excuseme)

Ican'thelpmyself,ficklewoman(come on)

Ijustneedtobenexttoyou(yo)

Comment: Thisusedtobeoneofmyfavoritesong duringprimaryschooldays

https://youtu.be/_U4sLGFouB0 Bouncecheckinnaaccountamektheskull upset/Noneaunnuhnuhknowdunceyet/ Backadiclass,men'avenosubject(none)/ EnglandgyalinnadiBimmawantrough sex/Shepopdimollyhardbutshenuh drunkyet/DriftdiCrownhardandmekshe getupset/Yo,amoneyadisubject

Hypersexuallyricsand graphicsdegradewomenas solelybodiesforpleasure

Comment:Hissongsaretotallydifferent fromtheotherartists,lessviolenceand stillmakinghits.

Withinpopculture,thehypersexualizationofgirls,and normalizationofsexuallysuggestiveimagery,clothing,and behaviorforyounggirls,exposesthemtopotentialpredators, andperpetuatestheobjectificationandcommodificationof theirbodies.Thisnotonlydenieschildrentheirrighttoasafe andnurturingenvironmentbutalsoreinforcesharmfulgender normsandstereotypes,fuelingacycleofexploitation,with emotionalandpsychologicalconsequencesthatcanlastinto adulthood,ifnotforlife.

Underlyingcauses:Historicalexperiencesofsexualization, commercializationofsexuality,reinforcementofgendernorms

Socialsanctions:NormalizationanddesensitizationofGBV, silencinganddismissalofvictims,victim-blaming

Referencegroup:Mainstreammusicartistsandproducers, celebrityinfluencers,musiccommunities,peergroups

Positivediscussionschallenge hypersexualizationofwomenandgirls

Thediscussionsurrounding hypersexualizationisapproximately 2%lessnegative,2%moreneutral, and3%lesspositivethantheoverall average.

Positivediscourseisvaried.Some commentsrefertobreastfeedingin termsofitbeingempowering,instead ofsexualizing.Othersexpress acceptanceofsexuallyexplicitdance formsaspartofculturalexpression, withinthecontextofthelocalculture.

Neutraldiscourseechoeswomen's concernswhilenegativediscourse overtlysexualizesordehumanizes girlsandyoungwomen.

SomeyounggyalcominglikeDog onceu startfeeddem,demnahwahleftyou yard #Kuya”

“AsaJamaicanwomanIliveincomplete fear.Ifeelmoreshouldbedonetoprotect ourwomen.IreallywishIcouldenjoymy countrywithoutmenmakingunnecessary sexualadvances.Iamtired!#Jamaica”

“EverytimeIseethedescriptionJamaica usesforsexualcontactwithaminor,it reinforcesthedegreetowhich sexualizationofchildrenisnormalized.”

“Womenareextremelyoversexualizedin Jamaicabutatleastwedon'tsexualize breastfeeding”

“Idon’tseeanythingwrong,thisiswhat happensinJamaica thisisculture,they don’tsexualizethedanceit’sliterallypart ofthethecarnival.”

Interestinthisnormskews towardsmiddle-agedwomen

Influencersengagingin objectificationare investedinpopculture

Influencerswithinthisdiscourseareheavilyinvolvedinpop culture.Theyareeithergossipoutlets,onlinepersonalities,or self-proclaimed‘comedians’(twoofwhichsport“King”intheir usernames).Therearemanymentionsofcarnivalanddancehall culture,andwhetherusersperceivehypersexualizationasadriver ormanifestationofculture,theonusisputonwomen.

Usersandoutletsalikedescribewomen’sfestivalattireandsocial mediaoutfitsas“barelythere”,leaving“littletotheimagination”, whilesharedlyricsframewomenassexualobjects.Maleusersare unaware,unableorunwillingtorecognizetheirrolein objectification,oritsconsequenceinrelationGBV.

EntryPoints:Musiciansandotherinfluencersinthemusicindustry, memepages,maleinfluencers

DiffusionStrategy:Encourageashifttowardsmorehumanizingand inclusivecontent,educateonhealthyattitudesonsexuality

Influencers:

267Kfollowers

JamaicaStar

“"#DearPastor:AsIgroovedtotheinfectious beatsatcarnival2023,Icouldn'thelpbutnotice womenintheirglittering,'barelythere'costumes..”

YardHype

followers

“"Dancehall's""numberonetrendinggyal"" Shenseeaisflauntingallhercurvesandleaving littletotheimagination…withaseriesofpictures thatdaringlyshowherpartiallynudebody”

@KingKofi

@BwoyaTingz

“"Thennuhmancreatethedisparityifwomen's imageinsociety???Lookatdancehallculture. Clarks,cakesoap,whiteteeshirts:|hellloooo”

@Jamerichin

“WhenyougotoaJamaicancarnivalyoucan whineonlotsofbeautifulwomen,danceandhave agreattimejustdon’tbeslappinguptheyass becauseshemightbedatingagunman

followers

“"Positionfidibackaz,ponyuhtoedemwhenyou tip/Squeezeupyuhbreast,datahwetupyuh sitt'nquick/Gyalyuhbodyfatupwhenyoucock up,whenyoutick-posemekmetekyuhpiclike meanick—oneofthebestflowsindancehall"

@GerroKing

“Caribbeanpplhaveadesireforoutsiderstosee Carnivalcultureasmorethanjustfeting/gettingon badbutinvestabsolutelynothingintopromoting anythingbesidesthefetesandsexywomen.

https://t.co/FJeTWhhZac”

Intersectionalanalysis(WE-Talktargetgroups)

Teen Moms

Youth (16-24)

Elder Women

Economic Dependent

Sexualempowermentblamedfor teenpregnancies,notperpetrators. Onecommentfromausercaptures thewayinwhichhypersexualization canbeusedagainstteenmoms, saying,“...blamethemodernday feministideologythatencourages youngwomentoseethemselvesas 'sexualbeings...bearingfruitinthe formofanexplosionofteen pregnanciesandsinglemotherhood.” [1]

Boys/youngmenseenasvictimsof sextourisminJamaica.Beyond femalevictimsofGBV,youngmenare oftenseenasvictimsofsextourism byolderwomenvisitingJamaica[2].

Oneusernotesthe“hypocrisy”inthis practice,writing,“Letmegetthis straight:Theseladiesbeencracking onPassportBrosforseekingyounger women—Yettheyaretravelingtoget pipeddownbyyoungermen????”[3].

Olderwomenblamed.Elderwomen arepositionedasenablersofa culturethathypersexualizesand assaultswomen.Oneusernotes, “Olderwomenwho’vesurvivedthese pervertslookatitasarightof passage.Justignorethem?No,you mustcalldemout.TheHarvey Weinstein’sofJamaica”[4].While theytooarevictimsofthisculture, they’reaskedtosharetheblame.“

Young,sexualizedwomenviewed, blamedas‘forcedripe’.Economic dependentsinabusiverelationships aredescribedonlineas“forcedripe”, asin,“There'sadifferencebetween beingmatureforyourageandbeing forcedripe”[5].Forcedsexualization fromayoungagecanresultin coercedsexualactivity,transactional relationships,andabusive relationshipsforwhichvictimsare blamed.

Somewomen especiallyvulnerable toobjectification

Ourclassificationtoolidentified 19.2%ofallsearchqueries pertainingtothehypersexualizationofwomenrelatedto globalpornography.Whileporn servesasastrongsourcefor objectification&violence,other themes,suchastourism, fetishizationorlesbianismalso weredetected,suggestingblack womenandlesbian,gay, bisexual,transgender,andqueer (LGBTQ)womenareparticularly atriskofbeingsexualized(by localmenorforeignvisitors).

TOTALTHEMESIDENTIFIED: 245

TOTALSEARCHVOLUME: 26,680

women with wide hips”

dancehall music impacts sexual deviancy in jamaica”

bathing suits for women”

music sexualization”

talks female sex tourism in jamaica”

to overcome thoughts about sex as a christian”

women outfits sexy”

ChangingtheNarrative:Hypersexualization

Empoweringchildren,enabling change:takingastandagainstthe hypersexualizationofgirls

Promotingawareness,empoweringcommunitiesagainstobjectification

Engageparents,caregiversandeducatorsindialogueandtrainingsessions, equippingthemwithknowledgeandtoolstocounteracthypersexualization. Collaboratewithlocalchildprotectionagenciesandorganizationsto advocateforenforcementofregulationsthataimtosafeguardchildrenfrom exploitativemediacontent.

Partnerships

withpopcultureicons,mediaoutlets

Collaboratewithmediaoutletsormajorplayersinthemediatoencourage theresponsiblerepresentationofgirlsinJamaica,promotingdiverseand realisticportrayalsthatchallengestereotypesandencouragerespectful andnon-exploitativeimagery.

Rallying

behindpoliciessafeguardingchildreninonlinespaces

Advocateforthedevelopment,implementationandmonitoringofstronger policiesandguidelinesthatregulatethedepictionofminorsinthemedia, protectingthemfromsexualexploitationonlineandensuringthatcontentis age-appropriate.

Engaging

youthvoicesagainsthypersexualization

Empoweryoungpeople,bothgirlsandboys,toactivelyparticipateinthe campaignbycreatingandsharingcontentthatchallenges hypersexualization,promotesbodypositivity,andencourageshealthy relationshipsandconsentfromayoungage.

ChangingtheNarrative:Hypersexualization

Advocatesencouragesexualempowerment

@the11thstone

2.29Kfollowers

“‘Fouryearsafterlosingher 14-year-olddaughterTiannaClarke ingruesomefashion,ValeshaVidal hasstillnotcometotermswiththe incidentssurroundingherchild’s shockingdeath.

https://jamaicaobserver.com/news/t ianna-clarkes-shocking-death-still-l ingers/’

Thisistoosadandissimilarto otherssituationsofmurderedyoung girls,hustlingmothersandtheever lurkingbigman."

38followers

“DontBeADick…UsingFashionto MakeAStatement…ERADICKATE violenceagainstwomen❤ #eradicategenderbasedviolenceo”

2.76Kfollowers

“1.#ofteenpregnanciesskyrocketed duringpandemicbutnothingnewto JA

2.Energyincommentsnotequalfor reportingpredatorswhoareyour pastors,husbands,brotherssonsetc

3.Useyourvoicetocallfor comprehensivesexualand reproductivehealtheducationin schools

4.Beyondpredators,youngpeople areengaginginunprotectedsexand otherriskybehaviours…seepoint#3

5.Imissedthepartwherethe GleanerandMinistersaid congratulationsonbeinga14yearold mom

6.Showingcompassionisagood thing.Hopeshecontinuesinschool ”

“Haveyourboundaries,haveyour standards,andmakesureonce they’recrossed,yougo.”

Mastering Masculinity

MasteringMasculinity

Violentdominance: definingmasculinityin Jamaica

InJamaica,dominatingwomen,bothsexuallyandsocially, andoftenbymeansofviolence,isanacceptablewayfor mentoasserttheirmasculinity.Thesebehavioursand expectationsareinfluencedbytraditionalgenderroles, culturalnorms,andperceptionsofwhatitmeanstobea "realman."Thisframesthemistreatmentofwomenasan appropriate,andexpected,wayto assertmasculine authority,ratherthanseeingabuseasviolatingwomen’s righttosafetyandconsiderationasequalplayers.

“Jamaicahasawaggonistculture...menarethe'greatest'themoretheycan do/provide/protect...irrespectiveoftheirbehavior,criminalwaysetc....”

Ittookmealong longtimetorealisewhena#JamaicanGuysayshe's"Gonna tear-updepussy"it'snotaviolentthreatbutapromiseofgreatsex...pityittook mesolong#BettaLateDanNeva”

Descriptive

SIZE:14%

GROWTH: -9%

“Toallwhoatalkboutdoublestandard...itstakesskillforamantobedmultiplewomenhe hastogotrualot...andawomanjushavtosayyesandsheisinbedcuzthereisalwaysmen asking..“

Male

“thereisonlychaosandimbalancewithoutmasculinemen.. thisisanabsolutefact!Youareablessingtoallofus..!neverstopprayingfor youTate..! ” N/A

“Thishappenswhenmenrelinquishtheirmanlydutiesandresponsibilitiesand thewomenhavetowearthepants.Iamallforsubmissionbutushouldbe deservingofmysubmission SirPurabsolutelyright ” Female

Thestateministersaidthatwecanno longermakeaconnectionbetweensuch behaviorandculturalnorms.“It’samajor probleminourcountrywhencertainmen believethattheyownwomen,that womenaretheirproperty,andifthey… nolongerwanttobeintherelationship, then…theirfeelingsarehurt,theiregos arebruisedandtheymustnowsomehow retaliateandthatretaliationnowleadsto theabuseandoftentimesthedeathof womenwhonowwantout(ofthe relationship)”.

Catcallingisprimarlydonebymen,andit usuallyinvolvesdrawingattentiontoa woman’sbackside,herchest…whistlingor justcallingout‘excusemeEXCUSE EXCUSE’togetherattention’.Itmightfeel likeacompliment,butthesecommentsare unwanted,andmakeawomanfeelunsafe. Mainlybecauseifawomandoesn’t reciprocatethatsameflirtatiousenergy, thatsexualharassmentcanturnviolent veryquickly.

Themasculinemindset suppressesemotionsandsilences gender-basedviolencevictims

ThemasculinemindsetinJamaicahasprofoundand detrimentalconsequencesforbothfemaleandmalevictimsof GBV.Rootedindominant,aggressiveandemotionally suppressivebehavior,itdismissestheexperiencesandneeds ofvictims,withwomenbeingparticularlyaffected.This harmfulmindsetcreatessignificantbarriersforGBVvictimsto seekhelpandsupport.Powerimbalancesandvictim-blaming furtheraggravatetheirsuffering.

Underlyingcauses:Powerdynamics,culturalnormsand expectationsformentothegiver,historyofoppression

Socialsanctions:Downplayingmaleresponsibilityforviolent behavior,peerpressure,victim-blamingandstigmatization

Referencegroup:Mainstreammediaandpopculturethatdepicts hypermasculinebehaviorasadmirable,societalexpectations

Challengingharmfulstereotypesthrough constructivedialogue

Thediscourseon"Mastering Masculinity"differsnotablyfromthe averagesentimentdistribution.Itis approximately2%lessnegative,0.5% moreneutral,and0.2%lesspositive thantheoverallaverage.

Positivediscoursecallsuponmento improvetheirbehaviour,stressing thatsexualviolenceisnotamarkof masculinity.Neutraldiscourse involvesanecdotesonhow masculinitycanbetiedtosocial statusorpower,withexamplesthat revealhowgenderrelationsare enforcedthroughinteractions.

Negativecommentaryreinforcesthe needforconventionalgenderroles, especiallyformen.Anyreimagingof masculinityisviewedasadeviationor weakness.

“Ilaughatredpillmenonhereeveryday cryingaboutfeminismandtheagendato feminizemen.Feminismisn'texistentin Jamaica.Andnobodycanfeminizeaman who'smasculine.Thosewhohavebeen feminized,deservetobe.”

“Neverheardofthat inmylifeuntilhe starteddatingher datewomenforclout powerinfluence ”

“Femalegasstationworkersaystomale gasstationworker:fixupyourselfnuh battyboy.Herepliesaggressivelyaftera contemplativepause:yowmiwillf—you enuh.Betsehmif—you”

“Men-wegottadoBETTERRR.Sexual violencedoesnotmakeyouaman ”

“Toxicmasculinityispervasivethroughout thejamaicancommunities.Childrenthat grewwiththeirgrandparentsarebetter citizensofJamaica”

Millennialmenareprimarydriversofnormativemasculinity

Avg.agebreakdown: 18-24(22%),24-35(29%),35-44(19%),45-54(14%),55-64(10%),65+(6%)

Womenengagein masculinitynarrative, despiteriskofharm

WhiletopinfluencersintheMasteringMasculinityconversationare involvedinpopculture–frommediapersonalitiestodancehallDJs –womenalsoparticipateinthisnarrative.Althoughtheir followingsaresmallerandlessinfluentialthan@BwoyaTingzor BOUNTYKILLER,women’sparticipationmaylegitimize dangerousunderstandingsofmasculinity.

Whethertheyaresimplysocializedbypatriarchyorinfluencedby theirexperienceswith,orobservationsof,men,womenmay subscribetotraditional‘macho’masculinity,evenifitendsup harmingthem.

EntryPoints:Men’slifestyleinfluencers,influentialcommunityleaders, memepagesandonlineplatforms,intersectionalinfluencers

DiffusionStrategy:Amplifyvoiceswhochallengestereotypesand advocateforgenderequality,activediscussionsandQ&Asessions

Influencers:

69.9Kfollowers

@BwoyaTingz

“""ShewantamanWehmakesheflylikebird…She wantarealmanshedohwaahnonerd…Shewant yuhgiveharitgood..markmiword "

@_victoriahg

“realmaamaman,definitelyaprecumbaby”

BOUNTYKILLER

“VeteranartisteRodneyPryceotherwisecalled BountyKillerblasttheenergygodElephantMan forhispresumedlackoffeelingsandemotions…”

@Jamerichin

“RT@Mwana_Wa_MaaMa:UntilaManis FinanciallyStableHe’snotHappy .MayGod blessallamenreadingthisPost”

@kevinobriencha1

“"@MekiedollPoormen.

Testosteronehigh:toxicmasculinity!

Testosteronelow:eunuchs&maamaman!"

@_iMakeEmMAD

“likeifeellikedudesshouldbeDOMINATE.show theymanlysideatalltimesbutthesedudesbe soodamntender&sassyyotpCRYINGMORE THANME &youthinkiwantYOU ”

Whenmasculinity necessitatesviolence, allvictimsareharmed

Violentmasculinitylimitsmen'semotionalexpression,discouragingthem fromseekingsupportwhentheyexperienceabuse,creatingastigma aroundmalevictimhood,oftenresultinginalackofresourcestailoredto malesurvivorsofGBV.Itreinforcesacultureofdominanceandabusive powercanleadtoanescalationofviolencewithinrelationshipsorsocial settings.

“6)Masculinity:KillTheNice Guy.Beassertive,maintain strongboundariesandlearn tonotfearreprisalsfordoing whatisbestforyouor speakingyourmind.‘Lions Don’tCareForTheOpinions ofTheSheep’“DuppyKnow WhoFiFrighten” ”

- Twitter Normalizesmenlacking accountability

Enforcesmythwomen wantmenwhotake Urgeswomentosubmit tomale‘roughness’

Forcesthemtocopein harmfulways

Framesrapeagainstmen asinconcievable

“Menmightnotbreakdown andcrybuttheydefinitelylet shitgettothem.Theyjustshut downallcommunicationand slowlytakeitoutonthepeople closesttothem,thenresent themforseeingthemnotat theirbest.”

- Twitter

“Heconfessedthat…hewas rapedbyanolderwoman.Now thismanwasbuiltlikea heavyweightboxer,somyfirst thoughtwas,‘Yeahright,a womanheldyoudownand rapedyou?Givemeabreak.’”

- JamaicaObserver

Intersectionalanalysis(WE-Talktargetgroups)

Teen Moms

Youth (16-24)

Elder Women

Economic Dependent

Doubleburdenforvictims.A commonthreadthroughoutdiscourse byoraboutteenmomsisthatthey areblamedandstigmatized fortheir sexualitywhiletheirsexualpartners and/ormaleabusersareapplauded forbeingsexuallyactivefromayoung age.Thus,teenmomsaredoubly victimized,firstby theperpetrator, thenbysociety.

Susceptibletoinfluence,yet showinghopeforchange.Menin theiryoutharemostsusceptibleto harmfulmanifestationsofmasculinity, butalsoofferhopeforfuture generations.EffortsinJamaica alreadytargetyoungmento“push themtowardscontinuous improvement”(selfbetterment)[1]. Thus,new,healthiermanifestationsof masculinityareonthehorizonforthe youth.

Responsibleforharmfulaspectsof masculinity?Elderwomen, particularlymothers,areblamed oftenfortheactionsoftheirmale children,especiallywhentheycommit actsofviolenceagainstyounggirls. Onequoteexemplifiesthis,reading, “MajorityofhouseholdsinJamaica areheadedbymother's…where wouldthemendevelopthisbehaviour from?”[2]

Meanttobedependent,nomatter thecircumstance.Theperception thatmenmustbeproviders,andbe dominant(orcontrolling)towards theirpartnersis bothcommonand harmful.Postslike,“Mentakenote, theimportanceofbeingaprovider” [3]compoundspressuresformento dominatetheirhomes,andtoview the‘dependentvictim’asanorm.

Searchqueries

highlightpotential benefitsformen (despiteharm)

Oursearchanalysisfoundthatthe majorityofMasteringMasculinity querieswereclassifiedas self-help(11.8%),whichspeaksto thefactthatperforming masculinityinawaythatis sociallyacceptedmayactually benefitmen(whilestillhurtingall sexes).Feelingpowerfuland receivingfemalevalidation (e.g.relationshipadvice),social acceptance(vs.homophobia),or monetaryrewardsmayseem beneficial.

TOTALTHEMESIDENTIFIED: 220

TOTALSEARCHVOLUME: 34,460

to start being a real man”

to be a man to my woman”

qualities”

to be a strong christian man”

talks female sex tourism in jamaica”

tied up in

getting aroused by violence”

anuh battyman”

ChangingtheNarrative:MasteringMasculinity

Strategiestochallengegender-based violenceandthemasculinemindsetfora saferandhealthiersociety

Engagingmeninprogrammesonpositivemasculinities

Developprogrammesthatpromotepositive,healthyaspectsofmasculinity, suchasempathy,emotionalintelligence,andrespectfulrelationships,to challengethenotionthatviolenceisinherenttomasculinity.Engagemen throughworkshops,mentorshipprogrammes,andsupportgroupsto redefineandreclaimhealthymasculinity.

Educatingwomenondiversemasculineidentities

Createeducationalinitiativesthataimtodismantletheperceptionof masculinityasviolentoroppressive.Byprovidingwomenwithinsightsinto diversemasculineidentitiesandpositiveexamplesofnon-violent masculinity,theycanchallengetheirownperceptionsandsupporttheshift towardshealthiermasculinity.

Partneringwithmalerolemodelsonsocialmedia

Collaboratewithmalerolemodels,communityleaders,andinfluencerswho embodypositivemasculinitytoamplifytheirvoicesandfostermentorship opportunitiesforyoungmen.Byshowcasingdiverseexamplesof non-violentmasculinity,WE-Talkcanchallengetheharmfulstereotypethat violenceisanessentialcomponentofmanhood.

EngagingInfluencersandmalesurvivors

Offercounselingandsupportgroupsspecificallydesignedformale survivors,addressingtheiremotional,psychologicalandphysical well-being,whilealsochallengingsocietalstigmasurroundingmale victimhoodinanefforttoaddressthemisconceptionthatmenareimmune tosuchexperiences.

ChangingtheNarrative:MasteringMasculinity

Advocatesarepredominantlymenredefiningmasculinity

@thepositiveoneja

2.25Kfollowers

“AsayoungmaleinJamaica,Iamvery concernedaboutthefutureofouryoung menwhichseemsrootedinviolence,so thisprojectisveryimportanttome."

@Kiprich

36.5Kfollowers

@rojae.crawford

6.5Kfollowers

@Dani_Knope

2.5Kfollowers

“#Kiprich#Womenprotest#Sofocus #stopviolenceagainstwomen”

“Youhaveyourwoman,andyou don’tjustloveher,yourespecther”

“‘Ihave0sons.You’rerightinhow youfeel.Whyisherdadtalking abouthernotallowedtohave consensualsexwhimlikethe decisionisbetween2men?Why threatenayoungmanvsteachhis daughtertoputinplaceboundaries asshegrowsup?Tofeelmanly? Likeit’stv?”

ThePuritanism Ideal

ThePuritanismIdeal

Misinterpretingreligious texts,conveyingdouble standards

InJamaica,religiousteachingsorscripturesmaybe misinterpretedorselectivelyemphasizedtotrytojustifyor perpetuatepatriarchalpowerstructures,leadingtothe subjugationandmistreatmentofwomenortheLGBTQ community.Traditionalgenderrolesprescribedbycertain religioususerscanreinforceinequality,restrictwomen's autonomy,orjustifyactsofviolenceagainstsexualminorities. This,intandemwiththesystemicrepressionofsexualitywithin somereligiouscircles,canpositionvictimsofall(orno)faithsin harm’sway.

SIZE: 8%

GROWTH: +2% Descriptive

“Godblessjamaicaexceptmontegogayfuckmontegogay”

“Porndoesallharm.Pornographyisyouhavingsexwithdemonsitareasonthe feelingisalwaysuponyou.Itrobsyouofpassionatesex.Ithindersyoufrom havingagreatrelationshipwithyourpartner.Itisanaddictionandhindersyou fromenteringintotheKingdomofGod.”

Male

“AwomanwhoisobedienttotheHolySpiritknowsitisimportantto coverherself. Shehonoursherself,herhusbandandmostofall AlmightyGod.Modestycannotbeforced;ittakesachangeofheart.”

Female

“Ican'tstandyoureligiousadjacentbitches.Yougetdrunk,youhave extramaritalsex,youcussetcbutallofasuddenit's"Godsaysit'swrong"re LGBTQ+,suddenlyit's"Theyaresoboldwiththesatanism"whenyouseeared outfitandeccentricexpressions.”

Male

“PeoplewillfacethewrathofGodquestioniftheJamaicagovernmentlegalize samesexmarriagewewillsurefacegetwatappentoSaddamngomorrow so letouskeepprayingasapeoplewithonecrazycryletitnotbeinvain”

Male

Hetoldmemenweregonnalie,cheat, thattheyweregonnahaveotherfamilies. Hetoldmetoexpectthosethingsfrom men.

Infactwhatwastoldtomeisthat becausehe’spayingmybillsandfunding mylifestyleandtakingcareofme,thatis whyIshouldallowhimtolieandcheat andhaveotherfamilies.

SoIusedtoplaywithmyself,butwhenI gotolderandIfoundoutwhatcomeswith it,Istopped.Whenyoumasturbate,you’re havingsexwithasexdemon…It’sasex demoncalledIncubusandSuccubus,so youhaveamalesexdemonandafemale sexdemon.

Gender-baseddouble standards:purityforwomen, leniencyformen

Comment:Itisasin.Whatareyouwatching orthinkingaboutwhenyoudoit!Itslust, andsindoesinvitedemonsinyourlife.

Onearticle,titled‘JamaicanMusicandSexualDepravity’, notes“Christian-minded[slaveowners]foundthedancing styles[of…enslavedpeople,especiallythewomen]abhorrent and,attimes,vociferouslyreprimandedthedancers”[1].The earlycolonialinfluencesmustberecognized: perpetratorsof violencemaybeemulatingwhattheyweretaughtabout femalesexualityorfreedombythosewhoenslavedblack womenandmen..Whilefemaleautonomywasandis demonized,violentassaultenactedbymenwasandstillis pervasive.

Underlyingcauses:Culturalnormsandtraditionalbeliefsthat prioritizemaleauthority,patriarchalinterpretationsandteachings

Socialsanctions:Gendernormsthatpresentdifferentstandards ofmoralityformenandwomen,socialstigmaandshaming

Referencegroup:Religious/socialinstitutionsreinforcingtraditional gendernorms,mediainfluencersreinforcingharmfulstereotypes

Callsforsocialprogressamidresistance tolifestylesofsexualminorities

Thediscourserelatedto"The PuritismIdeal"exhibitsaconsiderable differenceinsentimentdistribution comparedtotheaverage.Itis approximately4%lessnegative,3% lessneutral,and7%morepositive thantheoverallaverage.

Strongnegativesentimentis expressedincommentscallingfor individualstohidetheirnonheteronormativelifestyles,arguing thattheseare‘unnatural’.Religious prayersareusetorejectwhatis perceivedassexualperversion.

Neutralandpositivediscourse highlightstheimpactofreligionin shapingviewsonsexualityin Jamaica,andinsomecases suggestingthatlessreligious influenceinthesemattersmightbe beneficialforsocialprogress.

“Pleasekeepyourlifestyleinthecloset whereitshouldbe.mothernaturetellyou it'sokfor2samesextolaywitheach other?. . Iprayjamaica neverbend andopenlyacceptsuchperversion”

“Thisistheonlysolution.Proverbs22:6 Trainupachildinthewayheshouldgo andwhenheisold,hewillnotdepartfrom it.Jesusistheway.Teachthemhowto respecttheirparents,eldersandothersin authority.”

“CountrieslikeJamaicaorhelltheUSwere builtonthebeliefofChristianityandthe conceptofsamesexrelationswouldand stillwillgetyouabused.”

“Ithinkreligionhasahugeimpactonhow weviewsexandreproduction,especiallyin Jamaica.Themomentwestarttaking religionoutofdecisionmaking,weasa peoplewillbebetteroff”

Olderwomenshowinterestin“ThePuritanismIdeal”

Insidiousmessaging guisedasempowering

AmajorityofinfluencerscontributingtothePuritanismIdealareof areligiousbackground.Theyexpresstheimportanceof delineatedgenderrolesandcitereligioustexts,theyalsoframe theirperspectiveasonethataimstoprotectwomen’sself-worth, wellness,andtheirrelationships.

Findingentrypointsmaybedifficultfortworeasons:(1)going againstreligiously-mandatedexpectations–despitehavingto suffernon-consensualsexorotherformsofGBVintheirintimate relationship–mayfeellikeamajorbetrayaltotheirfaith,and(2)if themessagingispresentedintheguiseofempowerment,itis difficultforuserstorecognizeitspotentialactualharm.

EntryPoints:Progressivereligiousleadersandorganizations

DiffusionStrategy:Exposetheabsurdityofgender-baseddouble standards,promoterespectfulandequitableattitudestowardswomen

Influencers:

267Mfollowers

JamaicaStar

“Theexpectationofwomenisstilltohavefew sexualpartnersandtosubmittothegreater sexualprowessoftheirmalecounterparts.”

@mikeyabrahams

“SexwithminorsinJamaicaisnotgenerallyseen asagreatersinthansamesexorsamesex marriage.”

7.6Kfollowers

@paulahurlock

InthisclipPaulaHurlockspeaksaboutspiritual andpsychologicaldangersofhavingnumerous sexualpartners:"SexWithTheWrongPersonCan CauseChaosInYourLifeAndPsyche"

@callizda

“Ohbuthowelsewouldyoubepunishedfor havingunprotectedpre-maritalsex???Can’thave that”

@DIANAKINGDOM

“@tonibraxtonjustaskedif#samesexislegalin #Jamaicaat@jamaicajazz ...thecrowddida resoundingNOOOOOOOOOOOOOO”

4.4Mfollowers

@evelynlozada

“I’mdonewithpremaritalsex.Ifeltlike…[in]those [past]relationshipsIlostapieceofme,everytime Ihadsex[outofwedlock].”

Gender-baseddouble standardsinthe‘Puritanism Ideal’hurtsvictimsof gender-basedviolence

Whilemenareoftenexcusedforinfidelityandactsofsexual violence,womenfaceharshjudgmentsandexpectationsto remainpureandvirtuous.Thesegender-baseddouble standardsnotonlydeepenthepainexperiencedbyvictimsbut alsoreinforcevictim-blamingandnormalizeacultureofsilence aroundviolenceagainstwomen.

Justifiesandnormalizes cheatingformenonly

Vilifieswomenwhoengage inconsensualsex

Breedsfearandshame aroundsexualdesire

Protectsreligiousleaders overvictims

Shiftingthefocusaway fromGBVvictims

“ThereisaVALIDreason forcheatingin #JAMAICA-newpoll saysthereareMore WomenthanMenthat EVERYmancanhave4”

- Twitter

“whatkindafalsenews youbringingonthe preacheryowcareful”

“Peoplearejustifyingthe highfemiciderate, sayingpatriarchyisn’ta factorbcthereisa higher%ofmenbeing homicidevictims”

- Twitter

Intersectionalanalysis(WE-Talktargetgroups)

Teen Moms

Youth (16-24)

Elder Women

Economic Dependent

Judgedandcondemned.Asidefrom multiplereportsofteensbeing impregnatedbypastorsorreligious leaders,youngmothersonline discussfacingjudgmentand condemnationfor“engagingin premaritalsex”.Thismoralizing lowersselfesteem,isolatesvictims andlimittheirabilitytomake informeddecisionsabouttheirown bodiesandlives,andhindershelp seeking.

Onthewrongpath?Whenboysand girls/youngmenandwomenarethe victimsorperpetratorsofviolence, manyusersblameJamaica’soverall path,aswellasblamingtheyouth. Oneuserwrites,“senselessviolence” isabyproductof“foreigndemonic worshippers”andthelackof godliness,ratherthantheactionsof perpetrators[1].

Blameddespitebeingsubjectedto abusethemselves.Incertain instances,olderwomenhavebeen heldresponsiblefortheirchild sufferingabuseatchurch.One motherofavictimnotes,“Theytalk behindmybackandsaythatIknewit washappening,andthatisnottrue. Youwouldthinkthattheywouldsay ‘keepstrong,wearewithyou’”[2].

Dependentsblamedfornot satisfyinghusbands.Whiletalking abouteconomicabuse,apastor (duringavirtuallivestream)noted thatmenare“starvingtheirwives” becausethey“lockshop”,i.e. withholdsex,whichamanneeds. Users’commentsurgeGodto“save theirfamilies”andto“stoplockshop” [3],ratherthanaddressingthe abusers.

Misinterpretationsof religioustextsshape “PuritanismIdeal”

Quilt.AI’ssearchclassificationtool foundthatthemajorityofqueries withinthisnarrativewereevenly distributedacrossthemesof religioustext(3.3%),belief(2.0%), counseling(2.0%),andreligious figures(2.0%).Thishighlightshow misinterpretationsofreligioustexts canlegitimizeharmfulstereotypes thatsuppressfemalesexualityand associateitwithbeingsinful, leadingtostigmatizationanda cultureofjudgmentsurrounding sexualdesires.

TOTALTHEMESIDENTIFIED: 244

view on premarital sex”

verses taking counsel from the ungodly”

of faith songs”

“how to be a strong christian man”

of premarital relationship”

verses about being a woman of

to avoid sexual feeling and women”

should i treat someone gay according to the bible”

ChangingtheNarrative:PuritanismIdeal

Leveragingreligioustextsandleaders toreshapegender-basedideals

Potentialforreligioustexts-basedawarenesscampaign

TochallengetheuseofreligioustextstojustifyGBV,WE-Talkcandevelopa targetedawarenesscampaignthatusesreligioustextstocounter misconceptionsandpromoteinterpretationsthatemphasizegender equality,respect,andnon-violence.

Faith-basededucationforgenderjustice

Developeducationalprogrammeswithinreligiouscommunitiesthataddress harmfuldoublestandardsaroundgenderandGBV,providingteachingsand resourcesthatpromotegenderjustice,fairnessandrespect,rootedin religiousvalues.

LGBTQ-inclusivesupportservicesinareligiousenvironment

Establishsupportservicesandcounselingthatareinclusiveoftheunique challengesfacedbyLGBTQindividualsaffectedbyGBVorreligious discrimination,ensuringtheyhaveaccesstoconfidentialandculturally sensitiveassistancewithinareligiouslyaffirmingenvironment.

Collaboration

withfaithleaderstoraiseawarenessaroundGBV

Certainreligiousandspiritualleadersleveragetheirfaithtocondemnacts ofviolenceagainstmarginalizedgroups.Engagewiththeseinfluentialfaith leaderstopromoteinclusiveinterpretationsofreligioustexts,encouraging themtoaddressGBVfromthepulpitandintegrateteachingsongender equality.

ChangingtheNarrative:PuritanismIdeal

AdvocatesleveragebeliefinGodtochallengegenderinjustice

@shelby8760

1.92Kfollowers

“thesechurchpeoplearequickto marchagainstsomeonesexual orientation/expessionbutcondone pedophilia,whitecolarcrimesand murdersMFrsarewildforthis!!!

Whilemaintainingspiritualand religiousthought,thisuser emphasizestheimportanceof safety&education.

“‘Genuinequestion.Howarey’all (men)havingsomuchsexify’all areconvincingwomenthatthey’re slutsforhavingsexwithyou outsideofarelationship?

Are…arey’alltrickingtheminto relationshipsforthesolepurpose ofsex?Bcthat’saformof coercion.’

In2010a attendedmychurch gotbaptizedboughtmeadiamond ring&askmetomarryhimjustto getthe Ilefthecausehewould neverplantheweddingdatebut keptbeggingforse Theanswer isyesthey’recoercingwomen”

“PresidentoftheSeventh-day AdventistChurchinJamaica,Pastor EverettBrown,threwhisfullsupport behindthemovetoendviolence againstwomenandgirlsinour societyattheservicetoobserve InternationalDayfortheElimination ofViolenceAgainstWomen”

Unsafe Sex

UnsafeSex

Juxtaposingsexand violencejeopardizes women’ssafetyandagency

InJamaicasexisoftenviewedasinherentlypainful,roughor brutal.Thisdemeanswomenandinvitescoercion,force andnon-consensualacts.Itunderminestheimportanceof consent,choice,therighttomutualpleasureandreinforces thenotionthatwomenareobjectstobedominatedand controlled.ItincreasestheriskofGBVandperpetuates harmfulattitudesandsexualpracticesthatdevaluewomen's autonomy,agencyandbodilyintegrity.

SIZE: 14% GROWTH: -6%

Shewhineponmicocky,putmicocky outtasocket

Boomponmicocky,putitbackinnathe socket

Comeinlikeadoorwhenmeknockit, andmeknockit

SheseemiManleyandshetakemi Shearer

HerheartbitterlikeaOleVera

Beforeme,yo,meturnasaviour

Beforemeturnbattyman(gay),me preferturnaraper

Forceupmicockyinnayuhpussyandhurt itup

Pondipussymeaexpertenuh

Assheseemipantsharskirtliftup

Shesigntomeshestopsearchenuh

Cockyinnaharpussyandhurtitup

Pondipumpumaexpertenuh

Assheseemipantsharskirtliftup

Shesigntomeshestopsearchenuh

Trivializingtheimportanceof safe,protectedsex,while glorifyingriskypractices

Thereisadisregardfortheimportanceofprioritizingsafe, consensualsexualexperiences,whileengaginginroughand painfulsex.Theprevalenceofonlinemediacontentthatnot onlynormalizesnon-consensualandunsafesexual practices,ittrivializesandunderminesthesignificanceof consentandsafety.Itfailstoaddressthepotentiallysevere physicalandemotionalconsequencesforvictims.

Underlyingcauses:Culturalnormsperpetuatingunequalpower dynamicsinsexualrelationships,influenceoftraditionalgender roles

Socialsanctions:Normalizationofunsafesex,lackof accountability,limitedcapacitytoenforceconsent

Referencegroup:Dancehallartistsandmainstreammediathat glamorizeaggressivesexualactsandnormalizeunsafesex

Unsafesexdiscourseshowsfewcriticismsonthetopic

Sentimentdistributionrelatedto "UnsafeSex"variesfromtheaverage. Itisapproximately0.3%lessnegative, 2%moreneutral,and0.8%less positivethantheoverallaverage.

Negativecommentsexhibitacarefree attitudetowardsrisk-taking behaviours,oftenemployinghumour andcomparisonstoothercountriesto expressthisperspective.

Neutraldiscourseilluminatescultural understandingsoftherelationship betweensexandpain.

Positivesentimentismanifestedin criticismsofcertainculturalpractices, withcallsforcollectiveintrospection onwhencertainaspectsofaculture maybeconsideredharmfulor inappropriate.Thesecriticismsmay refertobehaviourswhichpromote unsafesexualpractices.

“WelcometoJamaica wherewedon’t care ”

"Pssshaaaww...yaknow?IthoughttheUS wasprettybadwiththefreakdancing,but they'vegotNOTHIN'onJamaica.Dutty Whining'sBADASS.”

“Whenyourstomachhurtsaftersex,hehit thatshytright”

“That'scalleddaggering.That'ssomething else.That'sliterallysimulatingthehard thrustingmovementyou'ddoduringsex. Andyes,theydidbanitbecausepeople weregettinghurt.Thenagain,Jamaica's styleiswildevenbyCaribbeanstandards. ”

“Whenisaculturewrong?Whencanthe restoftheworldlookatsomethingand collectivelyagreethataspecificculture hassomethingwrongwithit?Mostpeople don’tthinkthisiscool.”

Menofallagesshowinterestinthisnarrative

Disproportionateimpact onwomenasvictims

Violenceintheglobalpornographyindustryplaysastrongrolein normalizingandevenglorifyingroughandnon-consensualsexual acts.Online,blameisdisproportionatelyplacedonwomenfor gettingthemselvesintosuchsituations whilemenarenotheld responsiblefordisregardingfemalepleasure,safetyorautonomy.

Theseinfluencerscontributetoaculturethatoverlooksmale accountability,deepensgenderinequalities,andhampers progresstowardsasaferandmoreinclusiveapproachtosexual relationships.

EntryPoints:Maleinfluencersinthesexualcontentcreatorspace, sexualhealtheducationplatforms,onlinecommunities

DiffusionStrategy:Raiseawarenessonthedangersofunsafesex, promotetheimportanceofconsentandrespectfulportrayalsofsex

Influencers:

1.9Mfollowers

27.7Kfollowers

@vybzkartel

_��������__������������

"@Hasinirandimypleasureispainforu?? haha butwhocares”

“Andputitinayourmoutheeeedepussytightlike Tilewenitgroutmakemeramitramitramitanno takeitout,Don'ttouchmecockycockyUntilmke metakeitout”

@ladysawofficial

@JwKusu

“Minocarehowyudweetjustearoffmidraws Ovamipussydemasetwatchdawg Butladysawmiwantitstiffandhard"

“Wheneverpeopletalkaboutdo’sanddon’ts(sex related)andsuch,idon’tevenopenmymouth causewheni’mdownbadforyou,i’mpurely shameless

3.69Kfollowers

@Freakygazayute

@badgal.abbey

“RT@LouisVSmalls:Womenthatgothroughthe painforyourenjoymentaretreasures.I’mf****** youinyour*** formypleasure.”

“Idon’tfeelsorryforwomenwhowentonvacation tohavesexwithlocalmeninJamaicaandgetan STD.Youshou’dvebeenmoreresponsible.”

followers

JamaicaObserver

BrizcoDon!

Bringingbackdaggering TocoLoco with@hitsyuhboywes

“‘Iusedtoseemenonbluemoviesdoitandjust decidedthatanytimeIhavesexIamgoingtodoit too,’Marlonsaid,admittingheisnottheonlyone inhispeergroupthatdoesit”

@FabianJOHara

@konshens

“WelearnedsexEdfromporn. https://t.co/juaN5BV2F5”

“Wenitcomuntogyalwenuhuseprideso konshensteamahdireal Sidewenuhshylookinnameeyeskinoutur pussyandandand”

@DjSophiaLin

“Hmmabouttheculture.Watchingthedance floorsoftheclubsinJamaica,looksliketheyare havingsexw/clothesonwhiledancing?!”

Howunsafe,unprotectedand painfulsexharmsvictimsof gender-basedviolence

VariousformsofunsafesexinflictprofoundharmonGBV victims-bydisregardingconsent,notusingcontraceptives, andneglectingsexualhealth,perpetratorsperpetuatephysical andemotionaltrauma.Theabsenceofsafersexualpractices exacerbatespowerimbalancesandreinforcesacultureof violence,leavingsurvivorsvulnerabletofurtherharm.

Conflatessexwith violenceandSA

Disregardingvictims’ sexualpainaltogether

Greaterunwillingness towardsusingprotection

Pain,violenceseenas partofsexualactivity

Trivializingandjoking aboutunsafesex

“RT@datdude42069: Rapeheruntilshe’sa goodgirl.”

- Twitter

Intersectionalanalysis(WE-Talktargetgroups)

Teen Moms

Youth (16-24)

Elder Women

Economic Dependent

The‘painful’consequencesofsex. Teenmothersdonotexplicitlyspeak tothepain(physicaloremotion)of non-consensual,violentorabusive sexualencounters.Thepainthey discusscomesaftertheact,when navigatingunplannedpregnancyand school,motherhoodand stigmatization.

Younguserscapturetheharmful environmentofsexandviolence.As thedemographicmostonthe frontlinesofculture,youngmenand womenaremostexposedto “dancehallmixedupwithporn”[1] thatinfluencestheirunderstandings ofhealthysexuality.Whensexis positionedasinnatelyviolent/painful, youngusersareatriskofnormalizing abuse.

Moving awayfrompain.Elder womendiscusshowtheirageand positionallowthemtogrowinto healthierunderstandingsofsex, deviatingfromonlybeingconcerned withmalepleasure(“Youaremore engagedandyouhavesexforyou, ratherthanforthepleasureof someoneelse.”)[2].Whilethat doesn’tshieldthemfromabusive encounters,theirstancestendtobe hopeful.

Victim-blaming. Userscananddo dismisstheabuseeconomic dependents(partners)experienceat thehandsoftheirabusers,operating underthebeliefthatby“receiving payment”,theyhave“enteredintoa contract”[3]thatrequiressexual submission(evenabuse)regardless ofthedependent’swishes.

Persistentdesirefor unsafesex-butsome signsofawareness

Themajorityofquerieswithinthis narrativewereactivesearchesfor globalpornography(17.4%) depictingviolentsex.This highlightsaconcernaboutthe persistentdesireforviolentsexand thereinforcingofharmfulattitudes inanationalandglobalculturethat normalizes-sometimes glorifies-sexualviolence.However, queriesrelatedtosexualhealth (7.3%),education(4.7%)and concerns(4.7%)offerhopefor increasedawarenessand understanding.

TOTALTHEMESIDENTIFIED: 236

TOTALSEARCHVOLUME: 34,620

ChangingtheNarrative:UnsafeSex

Challengingharmfulsexual normsandpromotinghealthy relationships

Aneedforhealthysexeducation

Collaboratewithschools,communityorganizations,andhealthcare providerstoensurethataccurate,inclusive,andcurrentinformationon sexualhealthandconsentiscontinuallyintegratedintoeducational curricula.Engageparentsthroughworkshopstofosteropenconversations abouthealthysexuality,challengingharmfulstereotypes,andpromoting consent-basedvalues.

Engagingmenindiscoursearoundconsent,respect

IntandemwithMasteringMasculinity,developprogrammesthatencourage discussionsamongmenandboys,promotinghealthymasculinity,consent, andrespectfulrelationships.Engagemaleinfluencers,rolemodelsand communityleadersininitiativesaimedatchangingunhealthy attitudes aroundsexandviolence.

Medialiteracyandcriticalengagementaroundpornography

Organizeworkshopsanddiscussionsinschoolsandcommunitysettingsto educateyoungpeopleandadultsabouttheunrealisticandharmfuldepictions ofsexinglobalpornography.Empowerindividualstocriticallyevaluatemedia messages,andpromotetheunderstandingthatsexualencountersneedtobe consensual,respectful,freefromharm,involvinghonestcommunication.

Valueinyouth-led,peerinitiatededucationalprogrammes

Empowerandsupportyoungpeopletoleadpeereducationprogrammes thatchallengethenormofsexasinherentlyviolentandthatpromote healthyattitudesandpractices.Providetrainingandresourcestoequip youngleaderswiththeknowledgeandskillsnecessarytofacilitate discussionsandworkshopsontopicsrelatedtohealthysexuality.

ChangingtheNarrative:UnsafeSex

Advocateschoosetofocusonsafetyinsteadofviolence

@yooneedmorejodi

followers

“I’llsayit(andifit’snotaboutyou, relax):

thisiswhatpeoplemeanwhenthey say“menthinksexissomethingyou takefromawoman,andnot somethingyoudo[with]women.”

Becausewhyisitweirdthatshe’s alsoplanningonbeingsafewithsex ifit’sconsensual?

https://t.co/zAbUx3qRhV”

“Stopexpectingyoungmento‘take it’,andthenbelievethatisrough sex.No,that’sr-wordvibes.”

“Thissurveyisadepressing illustrationaboutthenumberof peoplewhothinkifamanstarts havingsexwithawoman(espifhe paidforit)hecandowhateverhe wantstoherduringitwithout askingfirst.Aboutathirdofpeople findit"badbehaviour"notrape (whichitis).

https://t.co/dmcVZVfvNL

That'swhyrapeisso psychologicallydamaging.Victims ofothercrimescantrytosoothe themselveswithjustifications,but rapevictimsknowtheywere victimizedbecausetheperpetrator wantedto,choseto,&derived pleasurefromtheterror&painof thevictim.”

“Iwishsexedwasmorefemale centricsothatit'slearnedthatared flagforwomenwhentheirpartner doesn'tcarethatthey'reinpain.It's nothealthyforyourpartnertonot careaboutyourpainastheyhave sexwithyou.

https://t.co/ATjVPoL5mm”

Sex Education

SexEducation

Alackofhealthysex educationspillsintothe onlineworldinJamaica

Asacountrywithdeeplyreligiousroots,Jamaicanusers’ accesstohealthysexeducationhasbeencomplex.While someuserscitetheneedforgreaterreproductiveandsexual healthresources,othersquestiontheappropriatenessof ‘teachingsex’whichtheyinterpretas ‘condoning’sex.This resultsinlimitedaccesstocontraceptionandfamilyplanning, unplannedpregnancieswhichleadtostigmatizationand discrimination,negativeimpactoneducationalandeconomic opportunities,andincreasedvulnerabilitytoGBV.

SIZE: 17%

GROWTH: -4%

Individual Institutional

Descriptive

“I’vebeenonhereforyearsandI’veneverseenadiscussionamongstJamaican gaysaboutsafesexorsexualhealth.Y’alljustberawdoggingeachotherfor contentthenwhenyougoforacheckupandgetthebadnews,it’s“shoulda, woulda,coulda.”

Prescriptive

“@chadmorganesqIwouldthinktheministrywouldseehownecessaryitis,I imagineitsthebacklashthatscaresthem,forsomereasonCaribbeanparents associateComprehensiveSexEdwithteachingchildrenhowtohavesex.”

Male

“IcameacrosssomanyvideosonwhatsupposetobeadultwebsitewithyoungJamaican schoolgirlintheiruniformdoingsexactsonagrownassmen.thesecreepsrecordthese younggirlsfacesandpostitonline…alsosomeoftheseyoungchildrenareopenlyhavingsex eveninschoolsclassrooms…sowhileweacusstheduttymanthemletsalsotalkaboutthe lackofparentinginthehomeregardingsex.”

Male

“StopputtingtheresponsibilityofYOURbodyonthesemen.Womenneedtobe responsible.Period.Stopmakingexcusesforyourself.Layingdownwith anybodyandhavingrawsex.StopallowingitandthenblamingMEN”

Female

“IgrewupinJamaica…andour“sexsed”wasundertheumbrellaofthe guidanceandcounselingclassanditwasmoreaboutcatchingdiseases, gettingpregnantandapushtoabstainuntilmarriagenothingelse#stwwd”

Female

1.65Kfollowers

Abstinence-only(untilmarriage) educationhashinderedsexeducation, familyplanningandHIVprevention efforts…Abstinence-onlyeducationis ineffectivebecauseitdoesn'tactually delaytheageofsexnordoesitprevent sexualriskybehaviour.Weagreethat teensdefinitelyshouldbeabstaining,but therealityisthatmanyofusarenotdoing so.Teenswilleventuallyhavesex,andif theonlythingweweretaughttodowas toabstain,wewillbemoreatriskfor... everything

Whyyuhwahnfistressoutyuhyoung body?

Needsomeadvice?WhatsAppusat 876-536-9154

Supportedby @UNICEFJamaica

#SexCanWait#NoSexNoSTINoBaby #NoStress

Hiddenconsequencesof inadequatesexeducationfor Jamaicanyouths

654views

TheabsenceofhealthysexeducationinJamaicahindersthe promotionofhealthysexualpracticesandleavesindividuals ill-equippedtonavigatetheirownsexualhealth.Rootedin conservativeculturalandreligiousbeliefs,discussionsabout sexandsexualityremaintaboo,perpetuatingacycleof silenceandignorance.Withoutproperguidanceand information,youthsmayengageinunsafesexualpractices, andstrugglewithunderstandingconsentandhealthy relationships.

Underlyingcauses:Conservativeculturalandreligiousbeliefs, inadequateresourcesandteachertraining

Socialsanctions:Societaltaboosthatdiscourageopen conversationsaboutsex,socialpressuretoconform

Referencegroup:Religiousinstitutions,parentalfigureswhofeel uncomfortablediscussingsexed,education-relatedpolicymakers

Polarizeddiscourseeithercommendsorrejectsefforts toteachhealthiersexpractices

Sentimentdistributionfor"Sex Education"deviatesslightlyfromthe average.Itisapproximately2%less negative,3%moreneutral,and0.4% lesspositivecomparedtotheoverall average.

Positivecommentaryapplaudsthe increasedvisibilityofsexeducationin Jamaica,withoptimismabout progressbeingmadetowardsmore comprehensiveandinclusivesex education,andhopeforthedeclineof homophobia.

Negativediscourselikenssex education,orcomparableformsof healthandfamilyeducation,tothe sexualizationofchildren,demonizing effortstoinformyoungpersons–who areinanagegroupthatisvictimized bygender-basedandsexualviolence –aboutsafety,consent,andhealthier practices.

Okay,soforone...therearepeopleactively tryingtomakeitsoundlikeyou'rea conspiracytheoristifyoutalkaboutthe oversexualizationofchildren.Iknowof parentswhohavechildrengivensex-ed stuffto3rdgraders.Thisisarealissue, Jamaicaornot.

“Jamaicadoesnotoffercomprehensivesex educationinschoolsandalotdon'tknow betteroraretrickedbyothers”

“Mysexeducationwasin1993Jamaica andIrememberitbeingverygraphic.The nursingstationalsohadverygraphic imagesofSTIs“

“IabsolutelylovethatSexeducationis trendinginJamaicaconsideringitsthemes. Hopehomophobiadiessoontoo ”

“Thisissogreat!Wedidn'ttalkabout sexualityatallwhenIwasatschoolit's inspiringtoseethiskindofprogressbeing madeinJamaicaformore inclusive/comprehensivesexeducation.”

Interestskewsheavilytowardsyoungwomen

Averageagebreakdownacrossallthemes: 18-24(22%),24-35(29%),35-44(19%),45-54(14%),55-64(10%),65+(6%)

Sexremainsataboo subject,hindering importantdiscussions

Inasocietywheresexuallyexplicitmainstreammediacontentis prevalent,itisparadoxicalthathealthydiscussionsand educationaboutsexstillfacesignificantbarriers.Thesilence anddiscomfortsurroundingthetopiccontributetoalackof healthysexeducation,leavingyoungpeople ill-equippedto navigaterelationshipsandmakeinformedchoicesabouttheir sexualhealth.Parentsexpressconcernaboutthecurriculataught inschools.

Thereis acriticalneedtoaddressthelackofhealthysex educationthatpromotesinformeddecision-making,respect, consent,andhealthyrelationships.

EntryPoints:Collaborativesexeducationcurriculums,youth influencers,healthcareproviders,parentalengagementcampaigns

DiffusionStrategy:Healthydiscussionssurroundingsex,reduce harmfulpreconceivednotionsinfluencedbymediacontent

Influencers:

4.3Mfollowers

HürriyetNews

“Jamaicabanssexedcurriculumafterprotests. Thecurriculumaskedthemquestionsincludingif theyhaveeverhadanalsexandiftheyknewthe HIVstatusoftheirpartners.”

JamaicaObserver

“Thereisawell-knownsayingintheCaribbean whichstatesthatparents‘shouldtietheheiferbut loosethebull’,leadingtoledtomanygirlsbeing ignorantandnaïveaboutsex

@the_mixup_tv

“Whatwouldyoudoifitwasyourdaughter?!Kids caughtincontainerhavingsex”

@jamaicagleaner

“Thethreatofbacklashfromstakeholdershasleft Governmentwalkingoneggshellsovertheissue ofsexeducationinschools,followingafailed attempttoquietlyintroduceanalandoralsex”

@thejohnsonslifestyle

“Howminevergettheemailaboutsexeducation? Mydaughterlearnedaboutinappropriatestuff,the poorchildistraumatised”

@damainedon

“Fromyoneverdashwehabelly fromyoborn orsenaboygodoctor fiSTDmakemehearyo saykool ”

Howlackofhealthysexeducation increasesvulnerabilityto gender-basedviolence

Withoutaccesstoaccurateinformationandguidance,young peopleandwomenareatahigherriskofexperiencingabuse, coercion,andunsafesexualpractices.Thelackofeducation perpetuatesharmfulpowerdynamics,hampersthe developmentofhealthyrelationships,andobstructsthe empowermentofsurvivors.

Higherriskofteen/ unplannedpregnancies

Lackofaccessto importantresources

Unabletoenforcethe importanceofconsent

Hidingsexualactivity mayputusersatrisk

Curativecarewithout preventativecare

“Jamaica'ssystemis ridiculous…Songsbe teachingtokidsallkindsof crapaboutsex.Youdon't teachaboutcontraception. Andyoumakeabortion illegal.”

- Twitter

“Ourkiddosareclueless abouttoomanyimportant things— likehygiene,sexualhealth, consentversussexual abuseand assault….reportingthese crimesetc.”

- Twitter

“Thegovernmentof Jamaica stoptellingmy JAbrothersandsistersto havesafesexbcitgoin1 ear andouttheother ear sothyendupwith welfareHIVAIDSpills ”

- Twitter

Intersectionalanalysis(WE-Talktargetgroups)

Teen Moms

Youth (16-24)

Elder Women

Economic Dependent

Primaryvictims.Usersdescribeteen moms’“difficultyaccessingsexual andreproductivehealthservices”[1], whileotherusersbelievetheteen momsknowexactlywhattheyare gettinginto(“Doesanybodyhonestly believethatanyoftheseteenage motherswereignorantofhowbabies aremade?”)[2].Myths,like“agirl cannotgetpregnantbyhavingsexin astandingposition”,alsoimpactthis demographic.[3]

Mostsusceptibletomyths.Inone Tweet,ausercallsoutthelackof resourcesandsupportthatnegatively affectsthedevelopmentofhealthier andsafersexualityamongyouth, writing,“Jamaica:*setsageof consentat16*.AlsoJamaica *removessexeducation…*”[4].While allagesbenefitfromteachings aroundconsent,healthysexuality, andsafety,youngmenandwomen aremostinneed.

Intergenerationalresistanceto,lack ofunderstandingofhealthysex education.Whileelderwomenboth resistandembracesexuality education,thesestancesoftenstem fromtheirexperiencesoflearning-or lackofunderstanding-abouttheir bodiesandsex.Onewomanrefersto “notgettinganyinstructionfrom[her] mother,”resultinginembarrassment andconfusionaroundsexand menstruation[5].

Sexformoney,withoutsex education canincreaserisks.One articlenotedthatwomenandmen whoareforcedtoturnto“someform ofhustling,whichmayinclude windscreenwiping,drugpushing, scamming,andprostitution”,without propersexeducationmaybemore vulnerableto“the…spreadof sexuallytransmittedinfections”, whichwouldcompoundtheharmof abusiveandnon-consensualsex[6].

Self-initiatedsex educationis empowering

Oursearchanalysisrevealsa majorityofactivequeriesfor personalsexeducationreproductive(14%)andsexual health(11%)information,consent ethics(11%),andfamilyplanning (8.8%).Thissignifiesindividuals' personalresponsibilityand proactiveapproachinseeking knowledgeaboutsafersexual practices,indicatingagrowing awarenessandengagement beyondtraditionaleducational channels.

TOTALTHEMESIDENTIFIED: 215

TOTALSEARCHVOLUME: 41,850

ChangingtheNarrative:SexEducation

Breakingtaboos,empowering minds:strategiestonormalize healthysexeducation

Developadigitalandaccessiblesexuality edcurriculumonline

Theaccessibilityofharmfulcontentonlinethatmaybeconflatedwithsex education,orusedasareferenceforusersintheirunderstandingofsex, needstobecounteredbyaccessible,positiveandhealthyinformative content.Establishingavisiblepresenceinrelevantonlinespaceswiththis contentisamust.

Encourage

intersectionalandinclusiveeducationinschools

Providetrainingandprofessionaldevelopmentopportunitiesforeducators toequipthemwiththeknowledgeandskillsnecessarytodeliverhealthy sexeducationeffectively.Ensureprogramsfocusonevidence-based approachestosexeducation,includingtopicssuchasconsent,healthy relationships,safersexpractices,andinclusivity.

Engage

youthandreligiousinfluencers

Whilemanysearchthemesshowapositivemovementtowardsreproductive andsexualhealthawareness,religiouslyinformedabstinence-onlystances arestillpervasiveonline,asaremoreoutdatedperspectivesfromolder generations.Engaginginfluencerswhoareyounger,influentialinpop culture,and/orhaveaspiritualbackgroundcouldinfiltratethisnorm.

Mobilizebeyondonlinespacesandtackleinstitutionalbarriers

Advocateforadaptationstohealthysexeducationinthenational curriculumandpromoteitsimportanceamongpolicymakers,educators,and parents.Organizepublicforums,workshops,andconferencestoeducate parents,teachers,andcommunitymembersaboutthepositiveimpactof healthysexeducationandaddressconcernsormisconceptions.

ChangingtheNarrative:SexEducation

Advocatesmakeeffortstodestigmatizehealthysexeducation

“Receivingsexedattheageof10 wastraumatisingbutnotbecauseit washorrifyingtolearnthatmy vaginaiscalledavagina,whatits functionis,andthatno-oneshould betouchingitwithoutmyconsent. ItwashorrifyingbecauseIsawtwo classmatesrealisethattheywere beingmolestedandrapedbyfamily members.Whenchildrencanname theirbodies,nametheactionsthe bodyiscapableof,andaretaught thattheseactionsshouldonly happenatTHEIROWNbehestthey learnhowtoidentifyandreport abuse.”

“Theintentistoprovide,facilitate& supportawell-coordinatedsexual &reproductivehealthsystemthat recognises&upholdstherightsof women,men,youth,adolescents& childrenwithanevidence-based frameworkinordertoattainthe highesthealthoutcomeforall J’cans.

“TheWorstChristianAdviceWe've Gottenis....howDAREyousaysex onSabbathhours”

“WhatareyoungJamaicanslearningabout sex&fromwhom?Isthereneedfor improvementinthewaywecommunicate withyoungpeopleaboutsex?”

Transactional Relationships

TransactionalRelationships

‘Hidden’butinplainview: normalizingage-disparate relations

“It’ssointerestingbecauseasamangetsolderandifhe’ssingleandwantsto dateyoungerwomenbuthe’snotinthesameshapehewasat25,helooks older,hislibidoisn’tthesame,he’sgoingtoeitherpayallofsomeone’sbillsor spendsomekindofmoneytokeepawoman”

“Soallgirlstarttosellcontentandintoconmanformoney iseewhatthe fuckandbetyouanymoneytherearebrokehasfuck ”

Thenormalizationofyounggirlsorboysdatingoldermenor womeninJamaicaincreasestheriskofemotional,financial, orsexualexploitation.Adultmenandwomenholdmore power,makingitdifficultfortheyoungerpartnertoassert boundaries,leadingtocoercionand/ornon-consensualacts. Thesocietalacceptanceofage-disparaterelationshipscan preventvictimsfromrecognizingorreportingabuse,while increasinggirls’andboys’vulnerabilitytomanipulationand control.

“Morethan50%of#Jamaica'sboysbetweentheagesof15&19yearsoldare engagedintransactional#sex,becauseanumberofyouthsareturningtoolder women(#cougars)toprovidemoney,favours,orgiftsinexchangeforsex”

Female

Descriptive

SIZE: 9%

GROWTH: -10%

“Imetafellowsingle40-somethingintheseaandwegottalkingaboutsugar daddies.At43,shefeltamanof52wouldbeasugardaddywhereasI’dsaythe agegapwouldneedtobeatleast20/25yearsforthemtobealegitsugar daddy!Discuss.”

“Y’allstaytrynaimpressthesesistaswiththisagegaptopicandthey’ddatethe firstmiddleagedcrackawithaCorvettewholookedtheirway.Butkeeponthat highhorse…”

‘Apple’isa38yearoldstreetsexworker inJamaica,shehasbeenasexworkerfor almost12years.Shewasarrestedforthe firsttimesixweeksago,andforcedto signaconfession.

Shedescribedhowsheandtheother femalesexworkersareregularlyharassed andabusedbyaparticularpoliceofficer whodemandsfreesexinreturnfornot arrestingthem.

Wemetthroughafamilymember…my cousingavehimmynumber.He’s37years mysenior.Iwouldsay[toyoungladiesin lovewithsomebodymucholder]livefor you,dowhatmakesyouhappy&justblock outthenoiseoutsideyourrelationship.

Inneedoffinancialstability, victimsrisklosingtheir fundamentalrights

Comment:Toomanybadmindedpeopleso whatifshehadmarriedhimformoney,she madeagreatmoveheismatureandhe loveshersheloveshim,waybetterthana youngbrokeroundaroundrelationship.

Transactionalrelationshipsarerootedinpowerimbalances whereadultsexploitthefinancialvulnerabilityofyounger womenandmen,girlsandboys.Transactionalrelationships alsoputsexworkersatriskofexploitation.Theneedfor financialstabilityoftenleadsvulnerableindividualstoengage intheserelationships,unawareofthepotentialdangers. Perpetratorsoffinancialexploitationorabuseleverage existingpowerdisparitiesbasedononage,class,sexual orientationorability,tofurtherharmgenderminorities.

Underlyingcauses:Socioeconomicdisparities,genderpower dynamics,culturalnormalizationoftransactionalrelationships

Socialsanctions:Lackofenforcementtoprotectvictims,societal acceptance,stigmatizationandvictim-blamingofsexworkers

Referencegroup:Mainstreammedia,influencersandplatforms promotingandfacilitatingtransactionalrelationships

Negativediscoursemakeslightoftransactional relationshipswhilepositiveposts“clapback”

Sentimentdistributionfor "TransactionalRelationships"showsa significantdeparturefromthe average.Itisapproximately6%less negative,1%moreneutral,and6% morepositivecomparedtotheoverall average.

Negativecommentaryoftenuses humour,hintingataperceptionof transactionalrelationshipsas“sugar daddy/sugarmama”scenarios.

Positivesentimentisexpressedin criticismsofoldermenhaving relationshipswithyoungerwomen. Thiscriticismdemonstratesa disapprovaloftransactional relationshipsinvolvingconsiderable agedisparities.

“I’msittingnexttothisolderAfricanmanon myjamaicaflightIknowtheythinkthismy sugardaddy ”

“IworkwiththisoldermanfromJamaicaI saidsheeeshimamarrysomebodylikeyou hesaidnowecrazyasfuckIsaidIlike crazylmaowatchibagggghim”

“Juvenilesexualityandpsychosocial immaturitycontinuetoresultindisturbing caseswherebymenstooptodisdainful levelsofpaedophiliaandengagesexual relationswithunderagegirls,accordingto renownedpsychologistDrLeahcimSemaj.”

“Metanolderladyontheplanewhotold methather"man"isflyingheroutto Jamaicatomeethimfortheirseconddate #woah#legend”

Thatanothermanhasmoretimeforhis ownsperm? whileheinJamaicawith agirlhe10yearsolderthan? uright ...highlllyyydisrespectful”

Malemillennialsmainlyshapethisnarrative

genderbreakdownacrossallthemes:

Averageagebreakdownacrossallthemes: 18-24(22%),24-35(29%),35-44(19%),45-54(14%),55-64(10%),65+(6%)

Assumedconsent:the troublingconflationof sexandcontracts

Topnewsoutletsonlinethatreportontransactionalsexmayserveto normalizeit,ortoamplifytheperspectivesofthoseabusingyoung girls,sexworkers,ordependent/intimatepartners.Widespread financialdependency,socialdisparitiesandpowerdifferentialsmay preventbystandersfrominterveningin,orcondemning, transactionalrelationships..

Itisofconcernthatsomeuserssuggestthatdating–orengagingin sexualacts–formoneyconstitutesa“salesagreement”oris comparableto“enteringacontract”,implyingthatthereisconsent. This,alongwithpostsabouthowmenpreferyoungerwomenor teenswhohave littleexperience,preventsvictimsfrombeingableto navigateexploitativeand/orabusiverelationships,andseeksupport.

EntryPoints:Influencersinthegenderequalityspace,community leadersandactivistswhocanengageindialogues

DiffusionStrategy:Challengetraditionalgenderroles,highlightstories anddiscussionstoraiseawareness,promoterespectfulrelationships

Influencers:

493Kfollowers

JamaicaObserver

“RobertBenoit…whowasconvictedinStJamesCircuit forhavingintercoursewitha12-y-ogirlaftershewas handedovertohimbyherfatherfortransactionalsex, saysthat‘corruption’&racismhadapartinhisverdict.”

12.2K followers

@junior_flexxx

“Anotefor…ladies:dateifyoucanafford,don’tget paidtodate…receivingpaymentisacontract. YouaskformoneyforUberandblahblah,youare enteringacontract.Asalesagreement.”

114Kfollowers

@dontaye__

“Whenyoufindoutyourfriendisdatingaminor… Funnyhowitagetnormalize”

172Kfollowers

CVMTelevision

“Alarge%ofJamaicanwomenareengagingin transactionalsex,apracticethathasseeneven womenincommittedrelationshipsdemanding morefromtheirpartnersforstatusorgain.”

835Kfollowers

@tonightsconversation

“Ayoungerwomanisgoingtobemoreopento newthingsandmoreimpressionable.I’venever metamanwhowantsawomanwith10yearof experience.”

5.45Kfollowers

Martinshoota

“There'sgoodwomenoutthere…womenwho don'thavesugardaddies,whodon'texpectyouto spendextraneousmoneyonthemafterthefirst date…butit'sreallyfrustratingngl”

Howtransactionalrelationshipshurt victimsofgender-basedviolence

Transactionalrelationshipsperpetuateacycleofexploitation andpowerimbalance.Theinherenttransactionalnatureof suchrelationshipsunderminespersonalagency.The pervasivenessoftheserelationshipscreatesaculturethat toleratesGBV,genderinequalityandlackofpersonalsafety.

Glorifiedsugardating, vulnerabilityofgirls

Compoundsriskof violenceagainstgirls

Forcedtoactagainst theirwill

Normalizesinappropriate advancesonchildren

Harmspartners,sex workers,locals,youth

“Jamaicawhyyougotta besoexpppeensiveee nowimahavetogetme asugardaddy ”

- Twitter

“SexworkersinJamaica facemoreviolencefrom clientsandthepolicethan traffickers,butaddressing thisproblemistoo controversialfor governmentstotouch.

- Twitter

Intersectionalanalysis(WE-Talktargetgroups)

Teen Moms

Youth (16-24)

Elder Women

Economic Dependent

Sexualviolenceandmurder.Users onlinespeaktothevulnerabilityof young,pregnantgirlswho“weresent totheBIGMANforlunchmoney”[1], orare“give[n]cellphoneandare give[n]money”[2](financialgain), yetareinsteadsexuallyviolated,or evenmurdered,byoldermenwho “killthegirlbecausehedoesn'twant hisotherbabymothertofindout”.

Lackoffreedom,mobilityorsecurity makesteensmorevulnerable.Young teens,suchasthisuser,speaktothe needtoenterintotransactional relationships.Shewrites,“Iam16and ahalfyearsoldandIhaveaboyfriend whois32,buthesupportsmeinhigh school”[3].Theneedforfinancial security,perhapsduetoexisting familialneglectorabuse,putsteens atgreatrisk.

Olderwomenarevictimsand perpetratorsoffinancialabuse. Elderwomenarealsoheavilyatrisk offinancialabuseinJamaica[4].In addition,olderwomenalsoengage youngermenintransactional relationships,inwhichthey themselves(“boytoys”)canbe subjectedtofinancialorsexualabuse [5].

Largelyimpactedbytransactional sex.Muchuserdiscoursespeaksto theexperiencesofeconomic dependentsinarelationshipwithan abusivepartner.Theirmaterialand financialreliance,forsafetyand survival,isexploitedbyabuserswho leveragetheirpowertowithhold accesstoresources,andexploitor commitviolenceagainstvictims.

Transactional relationshipsseenas desirable

Oursearchanalysisrevealsthat mostqueriesindicatehighinterest intransactionalrelationships. Perpetratorsarefoundsearching fordatingwebsites(3.3%)tofind youngerwomen,adultcontent (2%)andevenageofconsent (1.6%),whilevictimsareseen searchingforsugardaddy/mama (2%)opportunitiesandincome/ earnings(0.8%).Thereisacrucial needtoaddressthecomplex dynamicsoftransactional relationshipsandraiseawareness onitsissues.

TOTALTHEMESIDENTIFIED: 241

ofSearchTerms

older woman younger man relationships”

to get a sugar daddy without giving sugar”

“how does music affect the sexuality of teenagers”

of consent to 11”

ChangingtheNarrative:TransactionalRelationships

Waystodismantledamagingmindsetsto supportsurvivorsandvictims

Holdawarenesscampaignstodismantlepredatorymindsets

Developtargetedonlinecampaignstoraiseawarenessaboutthedangers oftransactionalrelationships,raisingissuesofconsent,powerimbalances, grooming,andexploitation.Utilizecompellingstorytelling,testimonials,and educationalcontenttoengageaudiencestofosterunderstandingand empathy.

Build

anonlinecommunityforvictims

Establishonlinesupportcommunitiesthatprovidesafespacesfor individualstosharetheirexperiences,seekadvice,andaccessresources relatedtohealthyrelationships,consent,andpersonalempowerment. Fosterdialogueandfacilitatepeer-to-peersupporttochallengeprevailing normsandpromotepositivealternatives.

Engage

organizations

thatadvocate forsexworkers’rights

Formpartnershipswithsexworker-ledorganizationsororganizationsthat fightfortheirrightstoensuretheirvoicesareheardandtheirexperiences arecenteredintheconversation.Amplifytheirstories andsupport initiativesthatpromotesafeworkingconditions,accesstohealthcare,and socialprotectionforsexworkers.

Advocacyforreformandenforcementoflawstoprotectvictims’rights

Partnerwithgroupsadvocatingforimprovementstopoliciesandlawsthat seekto protecttherightsandwell-beingofyoungpeopleinvolvedin transactionalrelationshipsaswellassexworkersofallages.Engagewith policymakers,lawmakersandrelevantstakeholderstoaddresssystemic issues,reducevulnerabilities,andsupportthedecriminalizationofsex work.

ChangingtheNarrative:TransactionalRelationships

Advocateseducateothersonexploitation,abuse

@Goddesskamxo

followers

“I’vewatchsukihannagetsexually harassed&abusedin2separate backtobackvideos,during situationswhereshewasNOT beingsexual.Shewassimplydoing interviews.Regardlessofherrap content,SHESAHUMANBEING.

Thisisthekindofabusethat womenaresubjectedtobymen, honestlyjustforbeingwomen.So imaginepeoplewhoaresexually liberated,orsexworkerslike strippers,orOFcreators.Theabuse getsoutahand.”

“...alotofwomenaretooscaredorjust toodependentonthemenwhoare abusingthemtowalkaway.[this]isthe secondinaseriesofsongsthatIhave recordedthataddressesthistopic.“

“Wehavetoprotectourboystoo.

‘Cougar’country-Olderwomen mainculpritsasmorethan50per centofJamaica’steenageboys engageintransactionalsex

http://jamaica-gleaner.com/article/l ead-stories/20180701/cougar-count ry-older-women-main-culprits-mor e-50-cent-jamaicas-teenage#.Wzk pteMm3DE.twitter”

“WARNINGTOALLPARENTS #preditors#underage #minor#minorsafety #jamaicatiktok”

AChild, “Disciplined”

AChild,“Disciplined”

Disciplineortrauma:the realityofcorporal punishmentatschool,home

ThepervasivenessofviolenceinJamaicansocietytranslates intoageneraltoleranceofviolenceagainstchildrenandGBV Corporalorphysicalpunishment,oftenreferredtoas “discipline”,haslong-lastingphysicalandemotionaleffectson children,leadingtoincreasedaggression,lowself-esteemand mentalhealthissues.Thisisexacerbatedbythecycleof intergenerationalviolence,limitedchildprotectionsystems, andsocietalacceptanceofharmfulgendernormsthat perpetuateviolenceagainstgirlsandboys.

SIZE: 0.3%

GROWTH: +4%

“tellyouthetruthifitwasmysonitwasn'tgoinglikethattheseboywouldtobe disciplineeverythinggonewrongintheschoolinJamaicarightno”

“Foursolidtimestheteachersaid,"don'ttouchme". Childrenmustbehavelike children.IwonderifthisteacherhasJamaicanrootsbecauseshedisciplined thischildverywell. Rudeandoutoforder.Liftyuhhandtohitwho?Adatshe gwaanwidayard?Micouldn'ttrythat!”

“Parentsaren'tfuckingsaints,agoodportionofthemwillbeatand abusetheirchildforbeingwhotheyare.ThatisWHYkidsdon'ttell theirparentsshit.” Female

“OnlyinJamaicawebeatourchildrentheworstandtelldemtapyuh noise!Wendemabawl”

“OhIwouldwanttobutwithhow13yearoldsarenowadays,Iwouldwantto knowthewholestory.IamfromJamaica,andpeoplecouldbeatotherother people’schildrenifthekidisoutofline.Takesavillageapproach.” Male

Ibelievewhatshouldbeaddressedisthe intensityofthemodeofdiscipline,if floggingischosen.Awhoppingisnot alwaysnecessary,butithelpsinmost instancestodiscourageanddissuade unwantedbehaviour.Therefore,Iagree withtheprimeministerwhenhesaidthat moderateandreasonablecorporal punishmentislegal.Thoseofuswhogot awhippingortwo(notabuse)canattest thatwelearntthelessonsittaughtand arebetterindividualshavinghadthe experience.

Comment:Corporalpunishmentisdifferent fromchildabuse.Childabuseiswhatwe shouldrestrict.Somechildrenwon'tlistenif youdon'tgivethemapinch.

Comment:thatdoesntworkwithevery childsomedoneedphysicalpunishment suchaspinches,slaps,pullingtheirearsetc whileotherchildrendonotneedthatyou justhavetospeakwiththemandexplain thingstothem.Itreallydependsontheir personality.

Corporalpunishmentis understoodasdistinctfrom childabuse

Corporalpunishmentisdeeplyingrainedintheculture;theline betweendisciplineandchildabuseisoftenblurred.The normalizationofphysicalpunishmentasameansofcorrecting children'sbehaviourhassignificantconsequencesontheir overallwell-being.Childrensubjectedtocorporalpunishment mayexperiencephysicalandemotionaltrauma,andthe acceptanceofsuchpracticesperpetuatesacycleofviolence, wherechildrenlearnthataggressionandphysicalforceare acceptablewaystoresolveconflictsinpartnershipsand interpersonalrelations.

Underlyingcauses:Historicalinfluence,socioeconomicfactors, beliefthatcorporalpunishmentiseffective

Socialsanctions:Familialpressure,socialnormsthatreinforce theuseofphysicaldiscipline,lackoflegalenforcement

Referencegroup:Cross-generationalfamilyunits,educational institutions,mainstreammedia

Concernsabouttheprevalenceofviolenceagainstchildren promptsreflectiononsocietalacceptance

Thenormativestereotype"AChild Disciplined"is4%lessnegative,2% moreneutral,and2%morepositive thantheaveragesentiment distributionacrossallnarratives.

Negativediscourseunderscoresthe acceptanceofcorporalpunishment asadisciplinarymeasures.

Positivediscourseexpressesdeep concernabouttheunchecked violenceandtraumathatchildrenin Jamaicaendure,questioningthe normalizationofsuchharmful practices,whileneutraldiscourse acknowledgesthattheviolence observedinschoolsisareflectionof whatchildrenlearnfromtheir environment.

“ listenmyteacherbeatme&my mothercametoschool &usethesame teacherbelt&beatmeinagrilab,Iwill neverforget..tobehonest,nowI understandisnotwhatIdidIgotthe beatenfor,isforwhatcouldhave happened…”

“Let’snotwonderwhatalltheviolence schoolsisallabout…wetaughtthemevery bitofit.Childrenlivewhattheylearn.”

“EverydayIwonderwhat’sournational tippingpointbecauseit’scertainlynotthe uncheckedviolenceandtraumaour childrencontinuetobesubjectedto.Most daysIseethestoriesandIcan’tbring myselftoreallyprocessthembecauseit’s crippling.Ijustdon’tknowhowwekeep movingalonglikethisisnormalbecauseit’s not.”

Interestmainlyinformedbymiddle-agedwomen

Aneedtoshiftdeeply entrenchedmindsets andattitudes

Influencersoftenperpetuatetoleranceofcorporalpunishmentas anacceptableandefficientmethodofdiscipliningchildren.

Manyjustifytheiruseofphysicalforcebyclaimingthatthe children'smisbehaviorwarrantssuchmeasures.However,inthe contextofexistingpoliciesandlawsthatprohibitharmful disciplinebeyondacertainlevel,thereisagrowingmovement againstcorporalpunishment(supportedbyrights-based organizationssuchasUNICEF)reportedonbynewsoutletsand influentialpoliticalleaders,whoshedlightonitslong-lasting impactsastheyraiseawarenessaboutthedetrimentaleffectsof corporalpunishmentonchildren.

EntryPoints:Educationsystem,parentinfluencers,religious institutions,communityorganizations

DiffusionStrategy:Raiseawarenessonimpactsofcorporal punishmentandnon-violentalternatives,enforcetrainingforeducators

Influencers:

234Kfollowers

@Smoothshelly

“Therehasbeenanongoingdiscussionon whetherhittingkidsisabuse…Hittingkidsforme isnotabuse,becauseItellhimwhyIhithim”

@shaneljaestyledme

“Comingfromaformerteacherfromaschool whereyoucan’ttellthekidsshit…theparentscan’t controlthem.Kidsneedtostayinakidplace”

@jamaicagleaner

“Stophittingyourchild!Jamaicanswhohittheir childrenareengagedinchildabuse,chargesUN representative”

@kimoneya

“Fightbrokeoutbetweenasubstituteteacherand astudent?Thischildisdefinitelywrong,youdon’t putyourhandsonanyone,thisain’tyourhome.”

PMAndrewHolness

“We,asasociety,mustbancorporalpunishment. Ourresearchsuggeststhatboyswhoareseverely beatenbytheirmothersgravitatetoalifeofcrime”

@talkupyout

“Alotofparentsturnablindeartohowthechild feels,alsousingthebibleasawaytobringupa childsayingthatbiblesayssparetherodchupesss”

Hownormalizationofcorporal punishmenthurtsvictimsof gender-basedviolence

Publicshamingleading tolowerself-esteems

Desensitizationand encouragementofGBV

Byacceptingphysicalpunishmentasaformofdiscipline, societyreinforcespowerimbalancesandfailstoaddressthe underlyingissuesofcontrolandaggressionamongteachers, parentsandcaregivers.Thisreinforcesviolenceinrelationships, creatingaculturewhereabuse,particularlyagainstwomenand children,ismorelikelytobetoleratedandentrenched.

Normalizespower imbalances

Victim-blamingwithno support

Perpetuatesacultureof violence

“(OOC)Yeah—ithurts.

InSchoolifyou’rein Jamaica,teachershave theauthoritytospank childrenwithbelts” - Twitter

“ThewomenofJamaica deservebetter.Ouryoung kingsalsodeservetobe raisedinanon-toxicway withpositivevalues& attitudesandbetaughtto respectthemselvesand women.” - Instagram

Intersectionalanalysis(WE-Talktargetgroups)

Teen Moms

Youth (16-24)

Elder Women

Economic Dependent

Physicalabusefromparentswhen pregnant.Someusersonlinein Jamaicamentionexperiencing violencefromparentswhenthey becomepregnantasteens.In responsetoagirlwhowaspregnant at14,ausernoted,“I’mgladyour motherwasverysupportive… becausemyfatherwouldakickoffmy headtoo.Peoplethinkitonlytake onetomakeababywhenit’stwo.”[1]

Normalizingviolentbehaviours amongyouth.Oneusernotes, “Growingupsurroundedbyviolence fromanearlyage,ourchildrenlearn physicalforceisthewaytogetwhat theywant”[2].Ifviolent‘discipline’is usedbyteachers,peers,andfamilies, there’slittleopportunityforyoung, impressionablemindstofindviolent meansastaboo,thuscontinuing cyclesofintergenerationalviolence.

Noimpactdiscussedonline.Data analysesfoundthattherewasnot anyavailablediscourseontheimpact ofthisstereotypeonolderwomen. Whilethatdoesn’tmeananimpact doesnotexist,itdoessuggestusers arenottalkingaboutitasmuch–or asopenly–online,despitethefact theymayhavebeenvictimsor perpetratorsofviolentdiscipline themselves.

Childdependentsunabletoleave. Forteenswhoarefinancially dependentorchildrenwithoutother housingoptions,physicalorsexual abuseat“thehandsoftheir guardiansis“beyondhorrifying”and difficulttodetect.Besidesimmediate harm,thephysical,emotionaland psychological consequences of abusecanbelongterm.

Shiftingperspectives andseeking non-violentsolutions

Oursearchanalysisrevealsthat mostqueriesindicatehighinterest inchallengingtoleranceforcorporal punishment.Queriesforeducation, parentingadviceandclassroom indicatethatbothparentsand schooladministrationsare increasinglyawareoftheimpacts ofcorporalpunishmentandseeking non-violentformsofdiscipline.

ChangingtheNarrative:AChild“Disciplined”

Nurturingchange,safeguarding children:strategiestopromote non-violentdisciplineinJamaica

Collaborationwithschoolsandeducationauthorities

Collaboratewithorganizationsadvocatingfortheimplementationand enforcementofpoliciesthatexplicitlyprohibitcorporalpunishmentin schools,ensuringthatteachersreceivetrainingandsupporttoimplement alternativedisciplinemethodsand respectfulandinclusivelearning environments.

Leverageexistingconcernforviolenceagainstchildrentostigmatize violentpunishment

Jamaicatakesabuseagainstchildrenveryseriously.However,manyusers donotconsiderinstitutionalizeddisciplineorviolentteachingmethodsas abusive.Inordertochangethenarrative,sharetestimoniesfromchildrenor adultsabouttheeffectsthatchildcorporalpunishment,violenceinschools, orviolenceathomehasorhadontheirsafetyandwellbeing.

Tacklingbroadernormalizationofviolencecanreducecorporal punishment

Acceptanceofviolenceasaformofpunishmentisconnectedtothe broadernormalizationofviolenceinthecountry.Effortstoreframeviolence asanissuethatnegativelyaffectsallJamaicanscanpositivelyinfluence normsaroundviolenceagainstchildren.

Partnerwithinfluentialusers,leaderstopromotehealthyparenting

Provideinfluencerswithpracticaltoolsandresources,suchasparenting guides,tipsheets,andonlineforums,tohelpthemintegratestrategiesfor alternativedisciplineandmanagementofchallengingbehaviours.Expand supportnetworksandparentinggroupswhereuserscanshareexperiences, seekadvice,andlearnfromeachother.

ChangingtheNarrative:AChild“Disciplined”

Advocatesoffernonviolentalternatives

“Ihadthepleasureofmeetingsome brightandenthusiasticstudents fromMonaPrepduringtheirtourof JamaicaHouselastweek.

NationalChild'sMonthis commemoratedinMay,andthis year'sthemeis:'Childrenneedour loveandprotection…Getinvolved.'

Thisthemeisacalltoactionforall ofustoworktogethertoensure thateverychildinJamaicaissafe, healthy,andempoweredtoachieve theirfullpotential.

Wemustprotectourchildrenfrom allformsofharm,includingviolence, abuse,andneglect.”

“HowJamaicanparentsdiscipline theirkids#jamaicanparents

#discipline#fyp#viral #jamaicatiktok”

“Repost|Nothingisgreaterthan theabilitytoresolveconflicts peacefully.

Day#16:

Teachyourchildhowtosettle disagreementswithoutusing violence

#childmonth

#childmonth2023

#nationalchildmonthcommittee

https://t.co/ki9LaNcnr0"

“"Dowehonestlybelievewecan getagentlersocietywhenareport day-onetodiscussyourchild's performance-isknownasboxing daybecausewe'boxdown'our children?!

Weplantingalotofpeasyet expectingcorn.

Wemustchange!Wecandiscipline ourchildrenw/oviolence."

Takeaways

Narrativesthat aregrowing highlightthe needfor interventions

Normativestereotypessuchas“Invincible Matriarch”and“AChild,‘Disciplined’”aregrowing andbecomingincreasinglysolidifiedinthe Jamaicanonlineconsciousness.Theyarenotyet largeenoughtobeconsidereddominant narratives. Thus,theyareareasofbothhighconcernand areasofpotentialhighimpact.

Interceptingthewaysinwhichusersviewwomen asinvincibleandpure,viewviolenceasaformof discipline,orviewGBVastrivial,isahighpriority.

Someharmful narrativesshow signsofchange

NarrativessuchasMasteringMasculinityand Hypersexualizationarenotonlydecliningin volume(-9%and-1%,respectively),butshow promiseofsmallshifts.

MasteringMasculinity,drivenprimarilybymale users,captureseffortsforself-improvement,self helpandredefining masculinity.

‘Hypersexualization’shedslightonwaysinwhich womenandgirlsareclaimingelementsoftheir cultureasameansofempowerment,liberation andstrength.

BothnarrativessuggestscopeforfutureWE-Talk initiatives.

Addressnarratives thataremutually reinforcing

Thereissignificantalignmentbetweennarratives relatedtoGBV,thustheirimpactsmaybemutually reinforcing.Forexample,"GenderlessViolence" underpinsadesensitizationtowardsviolence,which theninfluencesattitudestowardsGBVinmany differentcontexts.

The"UnsafeSex"normiscloselylinkedtothe hypersexualizationofwomen,andexacerbates women’svulnerabilitytoviolence.

The“InvincibleMatriarch”and“Mastering Masculinity”stereotypesintersect:theperception thatwomenarepowerfulbutnotvictimizedaligns withtheideathatmenshoulddominateandcontrol womeninordertoasserttheirmasculinity.

Prescriptive interventions areneeded

Thisanalysisfoundthatthemajorityofharmful normsandstereotypesareprescriptive,and thatdriversofbeliefswerefoundtostemfrom individualandinstitutionalspaces.

Thismaybebecausepersonalbeliefsystems arebothinformedby,andservetoinform, systemicrealities.Inthesameway,institutional normsshape,andareshapedby,personal beliefs.Thus,WE-Talkprojectinterventionsat individualorinstitutionallevelsarelikelytobe mutuallyimpacting.

Prioritizingprescriptivebeliefsincreasesthe chanceof interveningin,andshiftingmore, narrativesand/orengagingmoreusers.

SourceofNarratives:Takeaway

Interventionsto shapenarratives thatpromote genderequality

Variousmediagenres,includingradioprogrammes andnewsmedia,shapeandreinforceharmfulnorms andstereotypesrelatedtoGBVinJamaica.

Addressingthisrequirestrainingformedia practitionersinresponsible,gender-awarereporting.

Narrativesthatleadtoacultureofsilencearound GBV,includingunderreporting,needtobechallenged.

Addressingdeeplyingrainedgendernarrativebs entailshealthysexeducation,addressingthehypersexualizationofwomenandgirls,andchallenging harmfulmasculinities.Communityleadersneedtobe engagedineffortstofosteralternativenarrativesthat promoteinterpersonalsafetyandgenderequality.

Sentiment analysisoffers keyinsights

Thesentimentofthediscoursesaround"Genderless Violence",“Invincible Matriarch”,“TrivializingRisk Factors”andespecially"Unfaithful&Unfeeling"is mainlynegative,highlightingconcernsaboutharmful behavioursandattitudes.

"ThePuritanismIdeal",“TransactionalRelationships” and"AChild,Disciplined"includemainlypositive sentiments,withdiscussionsaboutcultural expressionsandempowerment. "MasteringMasculinity"and"UnsafeSex"show averagesentimentpercentages,suggestingmixed viewsonthesetopics.

Negativesentimentsrequiretargetedinterventionsto challengedetrimentalbeliefsandattitudeswhile positivesentimentsserveasafoundationforbuilding discoursearoundempowermentandprogress.

Demographics:Takeaway

Applyinga demographic focusto targeted interventions

Targetedinterventionsshouldfocusonspecific demographicsthatdriveeachnarrative.For"Genderless Violence,""TrivializingRiskFactors,"and"Unfaithful& Unfeeling,"priorityshouldbegiventomiddle-agedmen, youngerwomen,andmillennialmen,respectively.

Engagingolderwomeniscrucialforaddressing"The PuritanismIdeal"and"AChildDisciplined",whileyoung womenshouldbethetargetfor"SexEducation"efforts.

Customizedstrategiesthatconsiderculturalnuanceswill moreeffectivelyaddressdamagingnormsandstereotypes relatingtoGBVinJamaica,andacomprehensiveapproach involvingmultiplestakeholdersisessentialforlasting impact.

Influencers:Takeaway

Influencer-types toengage

Influencersperpetuatingharmfulnorms:

Influencerspromotingpositivecounternarratives: Journalists, reporters, radiohosts Mainstream musicartists& celebrities

Memepages, contentcreators, comedians

Men’slifestyle andselfhelp influencers

Progressive religiousleaders, organizations

Influencersin thegenderequality space

ImpactonVictims:Takeaway

Effective campaigns requirestrategic, aligned interventions

1. Addressattitudesthatblameandstigmatize victims

2. Addressnormsandstereotypesthatnormalize violenceagainstwomen

3. Challengebeliefsthatreinforcelimitinggender rolesandpowerimbalances

4. AddressmisrepresentationandtrivializationofGBV riskfactors;instead,promoteaccurateinformation andawareness.

5. Createasupportiveenvironmentthatfosters empathyforvictims,encouragingthemtoseek helpandhealing.

6. Promoteinclusiveandempoweringrepresentations ofhealthyandequitablerelationships.

Intersectionality:Takeaway

Importance ofan intersectional approachfor interventions

Alltargetgroups outlinedinQuilt.AI’s intersectionalanalysesshouldbetakeninto considerationforfuturecommunication campaigns,aswellasindividualswhofalloutside ofthetargetgroups,butwhoalsomaybe vulnerabletoGBV. Itisvitaltotakeintoconsiderationtheunique experiencesofcertainagegroups,suchas dependentsoryoungparents,usingtheir testimoniesasaninsight.

Intersectionality:Takeaway

Takeawaysfor TeenMoms

TEEN MOMS YOUTH (16-24)

TeenmothersinJamaicafacesignificant challengesincludingharmfulstereotyping, shameandstigma.Thenormalizationofviolence, includingGBVandcorporalpunishment, contributetotheirvulnerability. Additionally,theprevalenceoftransactional relationshipsperpetuatespowerdisparitiesand exploitation.Tosupportteenmoms,healthy sexualityeducation,accesstosexualand reproductivehealthresources,andawareness campaignsthatchallengedamagingnarratives, areessential.

ELDER WOMEN ECONOMIC DEPENDENTS

Intersectionality:Takeaway

Takeawaysfor Youth

TEEN MOMS YOUTH (16-24)

Jamaicanyouthareparticularlyvulnerableto harmfulGBVnarratives,leadingtonegative consequencesintheirbehaviorand relationships. Thetoleranceofviolence,includingcorporal punishmentandGBV,hindershealthy emotionaldevelopmentandperpetuatescycles ofintergenerationalviolence. Empoweringyouthwitheducationonconsent, healthyrelationships,andgenderequalitycan fosterpositiveattitudes.

ELDER WOMEN ECONOMIC DEPENDENTS

Intersectionality:Takeaway

Takeawaysfor ElderWomen

ElderwomeninJamaicafaceunique challengesrelatedtoharmfulstereotypes.For example,theymaybevictimsand/or perpetratorsoffinancialabuseand transactionalrelationships. However,thelackofdiscoursesurrounding thisdemographichighlightstheneedfor greaterawarenessandsupportforelder women. EnsuringaccesstoGBVresourcesandsupport canenhancetheirempowermentand well-being.

TEEN MOMS YOUTH (16-24)

ELDER WOMEN ECONOMIC DEPENDENTS

Intersectionality:Takeaway

Takeawaysfor Economic Dependents

Individualswhoareeconomicallydependent andfinancialdisempoweredareatheightened riskofabuseandviolence.Thepervasiveness oftransactionalrelationshipsandcorporal punishmentexacerbatestheirvulnerability. Toprotecteconomicdependents,multi-agency systemsforchildprotection,awareness campaignsonchildrights,advocacy campaigns againstcorporalpunishment,and supportsystemstoincreasefinancial independencearenecessary.

TEEN MOMS YOUTH (16-24)

ELDER WOMEN ECONOMIC DEPENDENTS

Themes:Takeaway1`

Addressingkey themesforsocial change

Thefollowingthreethemesemergerepeatedly acrossnarrativesthatcontributetoGBV,and present priorityentrypointsforfosteringhealthier counternarratives:

1. ImpactofGlobalPornography:Addressing harmfuleffectsofpornographyonattitudes andbehaviourstowardsgenderandsexuality.

2. YouthCultureandDesensitization:Focusing onyoutheducationandawarenesstoshift desensitizationtoviolence.

3. AccesstoSexualityEducation:Empowering individualswithhealthysexeducation.

ChangingtheNarrative:Takeaway

Prioritizing gender-sensitivity amongmedia practitioners

Mediaplaysasignificantroleinshapingperceptions andreinforcingharmfulnarrativesrelatedtoGBV. Newsoutlets,radiostations,andgovernmental sourcesarementionedasreferencegroupsfor normativestereotypessuchas‘Genderless Violence’and‘InvincibleMatriarch’.Journalists, reporters,radiohosts,andmediapersonnelare thusidentifiedaskeyentrypoints. Futurecampaignsshouldprioritizetrainingfor journalists,mediapractitioners,contentcreators andcommentmoderatorstoensureresponsible, gender-ethicalreportinganddisseminationof alternative,gender-sensitivecontent.

Counternarratives:Takeaway

Harnessingthe powerofcounter narratives

Counternarrativesmakesup,onaverage,onethirdof alldiscourse.Thisreferstotextthatspeaksabout genderandgenderroles,genderadvocacy,victimsof GBV,andsexualandgenderminorities,inapositive andgender-sensitivemanner,dispellingdamaging myths.Thesepocketsofdiscoursearevaluableentry pointsandprovideabaseonwhichtobuildalternative, gender-equitablenarratives.

Whilesocialmediausersparticipatinginthese counternarrativesmayhavesmallerfollowings,their messagingisimportant.

TheWE-Talkprojectwillbenefitfromrecognizingand capitalizingonthepotentialofthesecounternarratives tostrengthenprojectimpact.

Summary

NarrativeCompositionOverview

DataSources

Discoursehotspots:Twitter

Socialvolumeovertime

Invincible

Relationships

Thank You

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