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DESIGN STUDIO ERIK L’HEUREUX [PHD] FAIA HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE

ARC4001/5001, 2026 M.ARCH, SEMESTER 1

HOT AIR TRANSFORMATIONS: KUALA LUMPUR

FEDERAL BUILDING, PETALING JAYA, MALAYSIA, 1958. PHOTO: ERIK G. L’HEUREUX

VOL.

NGUYEN GIA HIEN BUI ROBERT GUZMAN BENJAMIN JAMES HARDING DANIEL ILIEV SUDHA KANDEL JOHNSON KRUY DESMOND LI

NICHOLAS MCDONALD JOSHUA MONKS DIYANA NAGAHAWATTA NAWAB SNEHDEEP SINGH SHARON CHIA HUI TIEN TANNER HUNG-WEI WANG WILLIAM CHING-CHUN YU

DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE MONASH ART, DESIGN AND ARCHITECTURE MONASH UNIVERSITY 1

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF COUNTRY — AUSTRALIA We acknowledge that the land on which we study and work at Caulfield is the unceded Country of the Wurundjeri Woi Wurrung and Bunurong peoples of the Kulin Nation. We recognise them as the Traditional Custodians of these lands and waters, and acknowledge their continuing cultural, spiritual and ecological relationships with Country. We pay our respects to Elders past and present, and extend this respect to all Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. We commit to engaging with this work with humility, care and respect.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF COUNTRY — MALAYSIA We acknowledge that the lands on which we study and work in Malaysia are the traditional territories of the Orang Asli peoples of Peninsular Malaysia and the Indigenous peoples of Sabah and Sarawak, including communities such as the Semai, Temuan, Jakun, Kadazan-Dusun, Bajau, Murut, Iban, and Bidayuh, among many others. We recognise them as the original custodians of these lands with enduring cultural and ecological relationships that continue today. We pay our respects to Elders past and present and commit to engaging with this work in Kuala Lumpur with humility and care.

ARC4001/5001 HOT AIR TRANSFORMATIONS: Studio Coordination Sudha Kandel Travel + Admin Nawab Singh Graphics + Admin Nick Mcdonald Graphics Desmond Li Graphics Studio List Hien Bui Robert Guzman Ben Harding Daniel Iliev Johnson Kruy Josh Monks Diyana Nagahawatta Chia Hui Tien Hung-Wei Wang Ching-Chun Yu

CLASS FOLIO BY NAWAB SINGH & SUDHA KANDEL

ARC4001/5001 HOT AIR TRANSFORMATIONS: Acknowledgement Of Country 2 Studio Introduction 6 Studio Schedule 8 Travel Itinerary & Tools 10 KL Figures 12 WK06 Trip to KL 14 Studio Environment 22 Class Model Making Process 22 Mid Semester Review 32 Final Review 42 KL Climactic Maps 46 KL Atlas Carbon Studies Summary 56 - Nawab & Sudha 58 - Josh & Johnson 66 - Rob & Tanner 76 - Diyana & Hien 84 - Nick & Des 92 - Ben & Daniel 100 - Sharon & William 108

Studio Documentation

116

STUDIO INTRODUCTION

This travelling research studio positions fieldwork and travel as a central mode of architectural inquiry. The studio will run all day wednesdays throughout semester 1, with an intensive study tour running from 11th-19th of april inclusive of travel. Students are encouraged to refer to the monash abroad information for costs and related information. For the first half of the semester, students will document and analyze a selection of 20th-century, tropically calibrated buildings in kuala lumpur—a megacity at the geographic and political center of asean and a critical hub within southeast asia. These works, constructed during or in the spirit of merdeka, have recently been vacated, deactivated, or are now poised for transformation. Large-scale adaptivereuse candidates include maybank tower, the dayabumi complex, and the malaysian house of parliament, among others, and will be studied in relation to the background buildings and the surrounding urban and natural fabric that shape the city. Two projects will be selected by the studio for further design intervention, adaptive reuse, and life cycle assessment. Students will investigate the architectural vessels to understand how a high-density megacity at the heart of southeast asia works productively with the pressures of a tropical climate and a warming world and propose adaptive reuse, low-carbon systems, and urban regeneration. Life-cycle assessments will be developed and validated through on-site observation and tested through analog modelling and material forensics. The studio begins by constructing a shared body of knowledge: a collectively authored “kl atlas” of robust mid-twentieth-century tropical buildings in kuala lumpur (1930–1980). Student teams (typically pairs) will select a precedent and develop it as both architectural evidence and carbon argument—drawing, documenting, and accounting for the building as a climatic instrument embedded in the city’s political, material, and atmospheric conditions. Building from the atlas, student teams will propose a low-carbon adaptive reuse transformation of one of the two selected sites, including new additions that intensify program, area, and volume while preserving and amplifying what the existing building already understands about the tropics. Adaptive reuse here is framed as a practice of renovating carbon: the most immediate carbon savings often arise from what is not demolished and what is not rebuilt. Carbon is treated not as an external constraint but as an internal driver of architectural intelligence and ethical authorship. The outcome should be urban, atmospheric, and accountable: an adaptive reuse project that advances a vocabulary of planet-positive practice for a dense, equatorial metropolis—where climate is designed with, not against, and where architectural transformation becomes a calibrated act of ecological and civic imagination. Professor Erik L’Heureux FAIA Head of the Department of Architecture Monash University

STUDIO SCHEDULE

WEEK 00

Tue, 24 Feb

Balloting Session On-Campus

WEEK 01 Mon, 2 Mar Lecture: Koki Ashiyoshi Wed, 4 Mar Studio Session: KL Atlas Precedents WEEK 02 Wed, 11 Mar Studio Session: KL Atlas Precedents WEEK 03 Tue, 17 Mar Lecture: Höweler + Yoon Wed, 18 Mar Studio Session: Precedent Development & Carbon Models Lecture: NMBW, B+W, Kennedy Nolan WEEK 04 Wed, 25 Mar Studio Session: Precedent Development & Carbon Models WEEK 05 Wed, 1 Apr Mid-Semester Reviews: Class Site Selection & Model & Massing Proposal EASTER BREAK

Fri, 3 Apr

No Class

WEEK 06 Mon, 13 Apr Global Study Tour: Kuala Lumpur Monday 13th - Friday17th Apr WEEK 07

Wed, 22 Apr

No Class: Develop Design Project

WEEK 08 Wed, 29 Apr Lecture: Francois Decoster Studio Session: Design Project - Models WEEK 09 Wed, 6 May Lecture: Dr. Lai Chee Kien Studio Session: Design Project - Models WEEK 10

Wed, 13 May

Studio Session: Design Project - Models

WEEK 11

Wed, 20 May

Studio Session: Design Project - Models

WEEK 12

Wed, 27 May

Final Class

WEEK 13

Mon, 1 Jun

SWOT VAC Break / No Classes

WEEK 14

Wed, 10 Jun

Final Studio Reviews

WEEK 15

Wed, 17 Jun

Masters Folios Due

Travel Itinerary 13/04/26–17/04/26 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Day 01 (13/04) – Monday 08:00 09:00 12:30 13:00 15:30

Breakfast Near Hotel Kebun Kebun Bangsar Site Visit with Seksan Group Lunch with Ang Chee from PAM PAM Headquarters Visit & Lecture by Ang Chee GDP Headquarters Visit & Lecture by Kamil Merican

Day 02 (14/04) – Tuesday 08:00 09:00 13:00 16:00 19:00

Breakfast Near Hotel Case Study Building Visits & Data Collection Group Lunch with Erik @ Mingle Cafe BSAS Site Visit & Lecture by Gregers / IEN Group Dinner with Gregers @ Hock Lee Heritage

Day 03 (15/04) – Wednesday 09:00 10:00 13:00 18:30

Breakfast Near Hotel REXKL + The Five Visit & Lecture by Shin Tseng Group Lunch with Shin @ Pizza Mansion Group Dinner @ Koka Izakaya

Day 04 (16/04) – Thursday 08:00 09:00 11:00 14:00

Breakfast Near Hotel Park Place Site Visit with Erik PJTC Independent Site Visit Group Scavenger Hunt

Day 05 (17/04) – Friday 08:00 09:00 11:00 18:30

Breakfast Near Hotel Individual Project Site Visits ZLG Design Office Visit with Brandon Ngiau Group Dinner with Erik, Seksan, Ang, Gregers, Shin @ Pickle Dining

COLLAGE BY DENIZ KAYIKCI

KL FIGURES

Ng Sek San

Founder, Seksan Design / Landscape Architect A pioneering landscape architect known for blurring the boundary between buildings and nature, using local materials and simple, climate-responsive design to create immersive, living environments.

Ang Chee

Council, Pertubuhan Akitek Malaysia (PAM) A key figure in Malaysia’s architectural profession, shaping policy, education, and practice while contributing to the broader discourse of the built environment.

Kamil Merican

Founding Partner & CEO, GDP Architects A leading figure in Malaysian architecture, heading one of the country’s most influential practices, recognised internationally for major urban and institutional projects.

KL FIGURES

Gregers Reimann

Managing Director, IEN Consultants A sustainability-focused engineer and urban consultant leading one of Malaysia’s pioneering green building firms, specialising in energy-efficient, lowcarbon, and biophilic design solutions.

Shin Tseng

Director, Urban Agenda Design Group An urban designer focused on adaptive reuse and community-driven development, leading projects that revitalise existing buildings and reshape Kuala Lumpur’s urban fabric.

Huat Lim

Managing Director, ZLG Design An internationally trained architect with experience at Foster + Partners and Zaha Hadid, leading ZLG Design with a focus on experimental, research-driven architecture and complex building systems.

DAY 1

KEBUN KEBUN URBAN FARM WITH NG SEK SAN. PHOTO NAWAB SINGH

SEKEPING TENGGIRI WITH NG SEK SAN. PHOTO NAWAB SINGH

BANGSAR WITH NG SEK SAN. PHOTO DENIZ KAYIKCI

DAY 1

KEBUN KEBUN URBAN FARM WITH NG SEK SAN. PHOTO NG SEK SAN

SEKEPING TENGGIRI WITH NG SEK SAN. PHOTO NG SEK SAN

KEBUN KEBUN URBAN FARM WITH NG SEK SAN. PHOTO NG SEK SAN

DAY 1

PAM HEADQUARTERS WITH ANG CHEE. PHOTO NICK MCDONALD

GDP ARCHITECTS CAMPUS WITH KAMIL MERICAN . PHOTO NAWAB SINGH

DAY 2

BSAS SITE VISIT WITH GREGERS REIMANN. PHOTO DENIZ KAYIKCI

BSAS SITE VISIT WITH GREGERS REIMANN. PHOTO SUDHA KANDEL

KLANG & GOMBAK RIVER WITH GREGERS REIMANN. PHOTO GREGERS REIMANN

DAY 2/3

BSAS SITE VISIT WITH GREGERS REIMANN. PHOTO SUDHA KANDEL

PIZZA MANSION WITH SHIN TSENG. PHOTO NAWAB SINGH

REXKL + THE FIVE WITH SHIN TSENG. PHOTO NAWAB SINGH

DAY 3

REXKL + THE FIVE WITH SHIN TSENG. PHOTO NAWAB SINGH

REXKL + THE FIVE WITH SHIN TSENG. PHOTO SUDHA KANDEL

DAY 4/5

PARK PLACE SITE VISIT WITH ERIK L’HEUREUX. PHOTO NAWAB SINGH

PJTC SITE VISIT WITH ERIK L’HEUREUX. PHOTO SUDHA KANDEL

ZLG DESIGN OFFICE WITH BRANDON NGIAU. PHOTO NAWAB SINGH

DAY 5

ZLG DESIGN OFFICE WITH HUAT LIM. PHOTO NAWAB SINGH

ZLG DESIGN OFFICE WITH HUAT LIM. PHOTO HEIN BUI

GROUP DINNER AT PICKLE DINING. PHOTO NG SEK SAN

STUDIO ENVIRONMENT

THE STUDIO’S FOCUS: The studio environment is collaborative, hands-on and centred around learning through making. Each week, pairs / groups present their developing physical models within the shared group site model, giving everyone a chance to see different approaches and learn from each other’s progress. Students get to take ownership of their drawings, workflow and design direction, while still contributing to the studio as a whole. Erik is very involved in the process, often cutting, shifting and rearranging parts of the models to test ideas in real time. This makes feedback immediate and practical, helping us understand design decisions spatially rather than only through drawings or discussion. The studio focuses on the adaptive reuse of Kuala Lumpur’s Merdeka-era buildings, exploring how existing structures can be transformed through low-carbon design and responsive approaches to the tropical climate.

STUDIO COLLABORATION:

WEEK 5 MODEL MAKING. PHOTO SUDHA KANDEL

1:150 SITE MODEL PROCESS

STUDIO COLLABORATION:

WEEK 5 MODEL MAKING. PHOTO NAWAB SINGH

1:150 SITE MODEL PROCESS

STUDIO COLLABORATION:

WEEK 5 MODEL MAKING. PHOTO ERIK L’HEUREUX

1:150 SITE MODEL PROCESS

STUDIO COLLABORATION:

WEEK 5 FINISHED SITE MODEL. PHOTO ERIK L’HEUREUX

1:150 SITE MODEL

MID-SEMESTER REVIEW Master of Architecture Design Studio 12 Credit Point Studio Prof. Erik G. L’Heureux FAIA

Semester I, 2026 Wednesday 9:30am-4:30pm Building F: 3.16 Global Study Tour: 11 April 2026 – 19 April 2026

HOT AIR TRANSFORMATIONS: KUALA LUMPUR

Mid Review April 1, 2026 F 316 10:00am - 1:00pm Dr. Peter Graham Dr. Yee Kee Ku Dr. Duncan Maxwell

Federal Building designed by HI Ashley and SP Merer, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia, 1958. Photo: Erik G. L’Heureux

Hot Air Transformations: Kuala Lumpur Travelling Studio Overview This travelling research studio positions fieldwork and travel as a central mode of architectural inquiry. The studio will run all day Wednesdays throughout Semester 1, with an intensive study tour running from 11th-19th of April inclusive of travel. Students are encourage to refer to the Monash Abroad information for costs and related information. For the first half of the semester, students will document and analyze a selection of 20th-century, tropically calibrated buildings in Kuala Lumpur—a megacity at the geographic and political center of ASEAN and a critical hub within Southeast Asia. These works, constructed during or in the spirit of Merdeka, have recently been vacated, deactivated, or are now poised for transformation. Large-scale adaptive-reuse candidates include Maybank Tower, the Dayabumi Complex, and the Malaysian House of Parliament, among others, and will be studied in relation to the background buildings and the surrounding urban and natural fabric that shape the city. Two projects will be selected by the studio for further design intervention, adaptive reuse, and Life Cycle Assessment. Students will investigate the architectural vessels to understand how a high-density megacity at the heart of Southeast Asia works productively with the pressures of a tropical climate and a warming world and propose adaptive reuse, low-carbon systems, and urban regeneration. Life-cycle assessments will be developed and validated through on-site observation and tested through analog modelling and material forensics. For the second half of the semester students will propose (typically in pairs) netzero or low carbon adaptive reuse designs of the selected two projects manifest through analog models and specific drawings. Engagement with Kuala Lumpur’s design and architecture climates and communities will situate the research within contemporary equatorial discourse. Good food will accompany all activities. Umbrellas and sunscreen are strongly encouraged. Department of Architecture Monash Art, Design & Architecture Monash University

MID-SEMESTER REVIEW

MID SEMESTER PRESENTATION. PHOTO ERIK L’HEUREUX

MID SEMESTER PRESENTATION. PHOTO SUDHA KANDEL

WEEKLY STUDIO CRIT

WEEK 8 STUDIO. PHOTO SUDHA KANDEL

WEEK 8 STUDIO. PHOTO JOSHUA MONKS

WEEKLY STUDIO CRIT

WEEK 8 STUDIO. PHOTO JOSHUA MONKS

WEEK 9 STUDIO. PHOTO NAWAB SINGH

WEEKLY STUDIO CRIT

WEEK 10 STUDIO. PHOTO SUDHA KANDEL

WEEKLY STUDIO CRIT

WEEK 10 STUDIO. PHOTO SUDHA KANDEL

WEEKLY STUDIO CRIT

WEEK 11 STUDIO. PHOTO SUDHA KANDEL

WEEKLY STUDIO CRIT

WEEK 11 STUDIO. PHOTO SUDHA KANDEL

WEEK 11 STUDIO. PHOTO NAWAB SINGH

WEEK 9 LECTURE: DR LAI CHEE KIEN

WEEK 9 LECTURE WITH DR LAI CHEE KIEN. PHOTO ERIK L’HEUREUX

WEEK 9 LECTURE WITH DR LAI CHEE KIEN. PHOTO DESMOND LI

FINAL REVIEW Master of Architecture Design Studio 12 Credit Point Studio Prof. Erik G. L’Heureux FAIA

Semester I, 2026 Wednesday 9:30am-4:30pm Building F: 3.16 Global Study Tour: 11 April 2026 – 19 April 2026

HOT AIR TRANSFORMATIONS: KUALA LUMPUR

Final Review June 10, 2026 F 316 9:30am - 1:00pm Dean Mel Dodd Hae-Won Shin Dr. Peter Graham Dr. Yee Kee Ku Alexis Kalagas

Federal Building designed by HI Ashley and SP Merer, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia, 1958. Photo: Erik G. L’Heureux

FINAL REVIEW

WEEK 14 FINAL REVIEW. PHOTO BY SUDHA KANDEL

WEEK 14 FINAL REVIEW. PHOTO BY BENJAMIN HARDING

WEEK 14 FINAL REVIEW. PHOTO BY SUDHA KANDEL

FINAL REVIEW

WEEK 14 FINAL REVIEW. PHOTO LILLI - MONASH COMMUNICATIONS

CLASS PHOTO

POLAR

TEMPERATE

SUBTROPICAL

TROPICAL

SUBTROPICAL

TEMPERATE

EQUATORIAL CLIMATE

The equator divides Earth into Northern and Southern hemispheres. An imaginary line sitting at 0 degrees latitude that consistently exposed to direct solar radiation throughout the year.Regions near the Equator, including Malaysia and much of Southeast Asia, are strongly influenced by equatorial climate conditions characterised by consistently high temperatures, high humidity and substantial rainfall.

LAOS MYANMAR PHILIPPINES

VIETNAM CAMBODIA Northeast Monsoon (Nov - Mar)

THAILAND

POLAR

BRUNEI

MALAYSIA Southwest Monsoon (May - Sep)

SINGAPORE INDONESIA

TEMPERATE

SUBTROPICAL

TROPICAL

SUBTROPICAL

TEMPERATE

SOUTHEAST ASIA

Southeast Asia sits predominantly within the equatorial and tropical climate zone. Alongside neighbouring countires including Thailand, Singapore and Indonesia, the focus area of this studio, Kuala Lumpur in Malaysia is shaped not only by consistently high temperatures, humidity and rainfall, but also by seasonal moonsoon. The Northeast and Southwest Monsoons occur at different times of the year, requiring architecture to respond to changing patterns of air movement, rainfall intensity and weather protection.

MAPS BY DESMOND LI

KL ATLAS STUDY AREA

48 MAPS BY DESMOND LI

FEDERAL TERRITORY OF KUALA LUMPUR Kuala Lumpur is the capital and federal territory of Malaysia. It is a high-density megacity at the heart of the Southeast Asia with population over 2.075 million with covered area of 243km². Among the fastest growing city in Southeast Asia, Kuala Lumpur serves as an important cultural, tourism, financial and economic centre of Malaysia, characterised by a diverse multi-cultural population. With continuous growth and increasing density, the city provides a testing ground for the Hot Air Transformation studio. Through adaptive reuse, this studio investigates how underutilised and deactivated post-independence buildings from the 20th-century can be retained and transformed using passive-deisgn and climate-responsive strategies. Accompanied with careful carbon calculations of building materials and Life Cycle Assessment, the studio aims to reimagine a more suistainable urban future of Kuala Lumpur.

BUKIT DAMANSARA, PETALING JAYA (GDP CAMPUS, PJ TRADE CENTRE, THE FIVE)

25 24

MERDEKA SQUARE

BANGUNAN SULTA ABDUL SAMAD KL ATLAS 1. Kuala Lumpur City Hall (DBKL), 1980 2. Chartered Bank Building, 1964 3. Bank Muamalat, 1978 4. Ming Building, 1974 5. The Toffee, 1950 6. Lee Yan Lian Building, 1945 7. Loke Yew Building, 1951 8. Federal House, 1957 9. Wisma Megah, 1976 10. Wisma Fui Chiu, 1930 11. Wisma Lee Rubber Building (Else), 1930 12. Hotel Malaya, 1966 13. REXKL, 1947 14. Telekom Malaysia Bukit Mahkamah, 1972 15. Central Bank of Malaysia, 1970 16. Wilayah Complex, 1982 17. Pertama Complex, 1976 18. Police Cooperative Building, 1958 19. Stadium Negara, 1962 20. Plaza Berjaya, 1986 21. The Federal Kuala Lumpur, 1957 22. Australian High Commission, 1978 23. National Museum of Malaysia, 1963 24. Malaysian House of Parliament, 1963 25. Wisma Damansara, 1970 26. HKL 50Main Block Building, 1960 27. Kuala Lumpur Maternity Hospital, 1960 500m

LANDMARKS A. Petronas Twin Tower (KLCC) B. Kuala Lumpur Tower C. Maybank Tower D. Dayabumi Complex E. Merdeka 118 F. Kuala Lumpur Railway Station G. National Mosque of Malaysia H. The Exchange TRX I. Bangunan Sultan Abdul Samad J. Central Market

BANGSAR (KEBUN-KEBUN BANGSAR, PAM CENTRE)

KUALA LUMPUR METR

SENTUL (ZLG DESIGN, SENTUL DEPOT)

ACCOMMODATION

A 17

KLCC

KL TOWER

CHARTERED BANK 3

MING BUILDING

E I

TM BUILDING

7 8 J D

13 11

REXKL

CHINATOWN 20

MERDEKA 118

TRX 19

ROPOLITAN SITE PLAN

51 MAPS BY DESMOND LI

5KM TO KL CENTRAL

KEBUN-KEBUN BANGSAR

PAM HEADQUARTERS

L45 KURAU COMMUNITY LIBRARY

SEKEPING TENGGIRI

BANGSAR, KUALA LUMPUR

GDP CAMPUS

6.3 KM TO KL CENTRAL

THE FIVE @ KPD

BUKIT DAMANSARA, KUALA LUMPUR

PJ TRADE CENTRE

15.2 KM TO KL CENTRAL

POINT 92

52 BUKIT DAMANSARA, KUALA LUMPUR

MAPS BY DESMOND LI

THE FIVE, URBAN AGENDA DESIGN. PHOTO DESMOND LI

PAM HEADQAURTERS. PHOTO DESMOND LI

SEKEPING TENGGIRI, SEKSAN NG. PHOTO DESMOND LI

AMANA RAYA CHARTERED BANK BUILDING, 1964

AERIAL PHOTO OF KUALA LUMPUR. PHOTO ERIK L’HEUREUX.

MING BUILDING, 1974 HIDDEN BEHIND MAYBANK

TELEKOM BUILDING, 1972

THE KL ATLAS

Kuala Lumpur Atlas 2026 Embodied Carbon/sqm Operational Carbon EUI (kgCO₂e/m²) (kWh/m²/yr) 1. Wisma Angkasapuri 549 143 2. Bangunan Koperasi Polis 680 132 3. Federal Hotel 493 186 4. Ibu Pejabat Telekom Building 716 181 5. Chartered Bank 1031 164 6. Bangunan Dewan Bandaraya 1663 187 7. Ming Building 700 187

THE KL ATLAS

Wisma Angkasapuri Carbon Study

Nawab Singh & Sudha Kandel

WISMA ANGKASAPURI CARBON REPORT: Bukit Putra, 59200 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Architect: Ronald Pratt Year: 1966 Total Embodied Carbon (kgCO2e):

8,747,758.12

Embodied Carbon Emissions/sqm (kgCO2e/m²):

549.09

Material

Embodied Carbon Carbon Intensity Total (kgCO₂e) (kgCO₂e/m²) (%)

Rebar (4%) 4,781,448.30 299.99 54.66% Concrete 1,643,942.29 103.14 18.79% Timber 806,209.42 50.58 9.22% Bricks 566,108.13 35.52 6.47% Aluminium 376,734.29 23.64 4.31% Glass 75,069.47 4.71 0.86% Steel 62,826.22 3.94 0.72% Annual Operational Carbon (kgCO2e/yr): Gross Floor Area Operational EUI (m²) (kWh/m²/yr)

1,096,000

Average Malaysia Grid Emission Factor (kgCO2e/kWh)

15,939 143 0.48

KL CITY CENTRE

8.3KM

Nawab Singh & Sudha Kandel 4001 4001

WISMA RADIO

FINAL DRAWING SET

WEEK 05

kWh/m2 1838.52 1654.66 1470.81 1286.96 1103.11 919.26 735.41 551.55 367.70 183.85 0.00

WISMA ANGKASAPURI (RONALD PRATT, 1966)

WED

THU

FRI

SAT

SUN

MON

TUES

TOTAL

NAWAB

|||||

|||||||||

||||||

|||||||||||||

53 hrs

SUDHA

|||||

||||||||

|||||||||||

|||||||||||||

46 hrs

Embodied Carbon: Operational Carbon:

40m

549 kgCO2eq/m2 143 kWh/m2a

63 DRAWING BY NAWAB SINGH & SUDHA KANDEL

10. 11.

12.

2. 6.

Legend 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.

Glazing - Glass Mullions - Aluminium Railings - Steel Facade - Concrete Slabs - Concrete Columns - Concrete Stairs - Concrete Beams - Concrete Foundation - Concrete Internal Walls - Timber Doors - Timber External Walls - Brick

WISMA ANGKASAPURI (RONALD PRATT, 1966)

WED

THU

FRI

SAT

SUN

MON

TUES

TOTAL

NAWAB

|||||

|||||||||

||||||

|||||||||||||

53 hrs

SUDHA

|||||

||||||||

|||||||||||

|||||||||||||

46 hrs

64 DRAWING BY NAWAB SINGH

Embodied Carbon: Operational Carbon:

549 kgCO2eq/m2 143 kWh/m2a

40m

WEEK 05

x 100,000 2.

3. 4. 5.

Materials: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 5. 1

Steel1 Concrete Timber Bricks Aluminium Glass

304 kgCO2eq/m2 103 kgCO2eq/m2 51 kgCO2eq/m2 36 kgCO2eq/m2 24 kgCO2eq/m2 5 kgCO2eq/m2

98.7% of steel from concrete rebar

Embodied:

549 kgCO2eq/m2 (8,300,000 kgCO2eq) 143 kWh/m2a

Operational:

WISMA ANGKASAPURI (RONALD PRATT, 1966)

WED

THU

FRI

SAT

SUN

MON

TUES

TOTAL

NAWAB

|||||

|||||||||

||||||

|||||||||||||

53 hrs

SUDHA

|||||

||||||||

|||||||||||

|||||||||||||

46 hrs

Embodied Carbon: Operational Carbon:

40m

549 kgCO2eq/m2 143 kWh/m2a

65 DRAWING BY SUDHA KANDEL

THE KL ATLAS

Bangunan Koperasi Polis Carbon Study

Joshua Monks & Johnson Kruy

BANGUNAN KOPERASI POLIS CARBON REPORT: 1 Jalan Sultan Sulaiman, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Architect: BEP Year: 1958 Total Embodied Carbon (kgCO2e):

5,587,125.60

Embodied Carbon Emissions/sqm (kgCO2e/m²):

680.05

Material

Embodied Carbon Carbon Intensity Total (kgCO₂e) (kgCO₂e/m²) (%)

Rebar (4%) 3,732,573.55 454.32 54.66% Concrete 1,283,321.52 156.20 18.79% Aluminium 301,259.25 36.67 4.31% Bricks 200,542.32 24.41 6.47% Steel 35,604.46 4.33 0.72% Glass 33,824.50 4.12 0.86% Timber N/A N/A 0.00% Annual Operational Carbon (kgCO2e/yr): Gross Floor Area Operational EUI (m²) (kWh/m²/yr)

519,000

Average Malaysia Grid Emission Factor (kgCO2e/kWh)

8,216 132 0.48

136m to City Centre

Johnson Kruy & Joshua Monks 5001 5002

BANGUNAN KOPERASI POLIS. PHOTO JOHNSON KRUY

FINAL DRAWING SET

BANGUNAN KOPERASI POLIS. PHOTO JOSHUA MONKS

THE KL ATLAS

Federal Hotel Carbon Study

Robert Guzman & Tanner Wang

THE FEDERAL HOTEL KUALA LUMPUR CARBON REPORT: The, 35, Jln Bukit Bintang, 55100 Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Architect: Lee Yoon Thim Year: 1957 Total Embodied Carbon (kgCO2e):

4,146,083.12

Embodied Carbon Emissions/sqm (kgCO2e/m²):

493.58

Material

Embodied Carbon Carbon Intensity Total (kgCO₂e) (kgCO₂e/m²) (%)

Rebar (4%) 2,303,886.67 274.27 55.57% Concrete 792,114.96 94.3 19.11% Bricks 521,501.9 62.08 12.58% Aluminium 521,290.08 62.06 12.57% Glass 7,289.5 0.87 0.18%

Annual Operational Carbon (kgCO2e/yr): Gross Floor Area Operational EUI (m²) (kWh/m²/yr)

Average Malaysia Grid Emission Factor (kgCO2e/kWh)

8,400 186 0.48

Hung Wei Wang & Robert Guzman 5001 5001

749,952

FINAL DRAWING SET

WEEK 05

kWh/m2 1838.60 1654.74 1470.88 1287.02 1103.16 919.30 735.44 551.58 367.72 183.86 0.00

FEDERAL HOTEL (YT LEE, 1957)

Embodied Carbon: Operational Carbon:

444 kgCO2eq/m2 89 kgCO2eq/m2a

TOTAL ROB

10 hrs

TANNER

14 hrs

8 3

Legend 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Mullions - Aluminium Glazing - Glass Roof - Bricks Floors - Concrete Columns - Concrete Foundation - Concrete Internal Walls - Bricks External Walls - Bricks

FEDERAL HOTEL KUALA LUMPUR (YT LEE ,1957) ROBERT TANNER

THU

FRI

SUN

MON

TUES

TOTAL

|||

||||||

|||||||

22 hrs

|||||

||||||||

|||||||||

22 hrs

Embodied Carbon: Operational Carbon:

40m

493.58 kgCO2eq/m2 89 kWh/m2a

WEEK 05

x 100,000 1

2 3

Materials: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1

Steel1 Concrete Bricks Aluminium Glass

274.27 kgCO2eq/m2 94.3 kgCO2eq/m2 62.08 kgCO2eq/m2 62.06 kgCO2eq/m2 0.87 kgCO2eq/m2

98.7% of steel from concrete rebar

Embodied: Operational:

493.58 kgCO2eq/m2 (4,146,000 kgCO2eq) 89 kWh/m2a

FEDERAL HOTEL KUALA LUMPUR (YT LEE ,1957) ROBERT TANNER

THU

FRI

SUN

MON

TUES

TOTAL

|||

||||||

|||||||

22 hrs

|||||

||||||||

|||||||||

22 hrs

Embodied Carbon: Operational Carbon:

40m

493.58 kgCO2eq/m2 89 kWh/m2a

THE KL ATLAS

Ibu Pejabat Telekom Carbon Study

Hien Bui & Diyana Nagahawatta

IBU PEJABAT TELEKOM BUILDING CARBON REPORT: Bukit Bintang, 50050 Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Architect: Jabatan Kenja Raya Year: 1972 Total Embodied Carbon (kgCO2e):

12,662,548.39

Embodied Carbon Emissions/sqm (kgCO2e/m²):

716.53

Material

Embodied Carbon Carbon Intensity Total (kgCO₂e) (kgCO₂e/m²) (%)

Rebar (4%) 6,730,267.84 380.84 53.15% Concrete 2,313,979.20 130.94 18.27% Aluminium 2,442,654.63 138.22 19.29% Bricks 1,011,312.72 57.23 7.98% Glass 164,334.00 9.30 1.29% Steel 0 0 0% Timber 0 0 0% Annual Operational Carbon (kgCO2e/yr): Gross Floor Area Operational EUI (m²) (kWh/m²/yr)

Average Malaysia Grid Emission Factor (kgCO2e/kWh)

17,672 181 0.48

1,533,647

IBU PE JABAT TELEKOM, JABATAN KENJA RAYA, 1972. PHOTO HIEN BUI

FINAL DRAWING SET

WEEK 05

kWh/m2 1703.40 1554.20 1405.01 1255.81 1106.61 957.41 808.21 659.01 360.62 211.42 0.00

IBU PEJABAT TELEKOM BUILDING (JABATAN KERJA RAYA,1972) THU

FRI

SAT

SUN

MON

HIEN

||||||||

||||||

DIYANA

|||||||

TUES

TOTAL

||||||

29 hrs

||||||||

15 hrs

Embodied Carbon: Operational Carbon:

40m

679 kgCO2eq/m2 181 kWh/m2a

89 DRAWING BY HIEN BUI

Legend 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Internal Walls - Bricks External Walls - Brick Glazing - Glass Facade - Aluminium Roof - Concrete Floors - Concrete Columns and Beams - Concrete Footings - Concrete

IBU PEJABAT TELEKOM BUILDING (JABATAN KERJA RAYA,1972) THU

FRI

SAT

SUN

MON

HIEN

||||||||

||||||

DIYANA

|||||||

90 DRAWING BY HIEN BUI

TUES

TOTAL

||||||

29 hrs

||||||||

15 hrs

Embodied Carbon: Operational Carbon:

679 kgCO2eq/m2 181 kWh/m2a

40m

WEEK 05

x 100,000 2. 3. 4.

Materials: 1.

Steel 1

374

kgCO2eq/m2

Concrete

128

kgCO2eq/m

Aluminum

123

kgCO2eq/m2

Brick

kgCO2eq/m2

Glass

kgCO2eq/m2

100% of steel from concrete rebar

Embodied:

679 kgCO2eq/m2 (13,800,000 kgCO2eq)

Operational:

181 kWh/m²

IBU PEJABAT TELEKOM BUILDING (JABATAN KERJA RAYA,1972) THU

FRI

SAT

SUN

MON

HIEN

||||||||

||||||

DIYANA

|||||||

TUES

TOTAL

||||||

29 hrs

||||||||

15 hrs

Embodied Carbon: Operational Carbon:

40m

679 kgCO2eq/m2 181 kWh/m2a

91 DRAWING BY HIEN BUI

THE KL ATLAS

Chartered Bank Carbon Study

Desmond Li & Nick McDonald

CHARTERED BANK CARBON REPORT: 2, Jln Ampang, City Centre, 50100 Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Architect: BEP Year: 1964 Total Embodied Carbon (kgCO2e):

24,453,894.90

Embodied Carbon Emissions/sqm (kgCO2e/m²):

1031.12

Material

Embodied Carbon Carbon Intensity Total (kgCO₂e) (kgCO₂e/m²) (%)

Rebar (4%) 17,371,506.78 732.48 71.04% Concrete 5,972,616.00 251.84 24.42% Timber 0.00 0.00 0.00% Bricks 357,033.60 15.05 1.46% Aluminium 534,679.38 22.55 2.19% Glass 218,059.14 9.19 0.89% Steel 0.00 0.00 0.00% Annual Operational Carbon (kgCO2e/yr): Gross Floor Area Operational EUI (m²) (kWh/m²/yr)

Average Malaysia Grid Emission Factor (kgCO2e/kWh)

23,716 164 0.48

Desmond Li & Nick McDonald 5002 4001

1,871,000

FINAL DRAWING SET

WEEK 05

kWh/m2 1838.60 1654.74 1470.88 1287.02 1103.16 919.30 735.44 551.58 367.72 183.86 0.00

CHARTERED BANK BUILDING (BEP,1964)

THU

FRI

SUN

MON

TUES

TOTAL

NICK

|||

||||||

|||||||

22 hrs

DES

||||

||||||||||

32 hrs

Embodied Carbon: Operational Carbon:

40m

1031 kgCO2eq/m2 164 kWh/m2a

2 5

Legend 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Glazing - Glass Mullions - Aluminium Roof - Concrete Floors - Concrete Structure - Concr ete Foundation - Concrete Internal Walls - Bricks Facade - Concrete

CHARTERED BANK BUILDING (BEP,1964) NICK

DES

THU

FRI

SUN

MON

TUES

TOTAL

|||

||||||

|||||||

22 hrs

||||

||||||||||

32 hrs

Embodied Carbon: Operational Carbon:

1031 kgCO2eq/m2 164 kWh/m2a

40m

WEEK 05

x 100,000

3 4 5

Materials: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1

Steel1 Concrete Aluminium Bricks Glass

733 252 23 15 9

kgCO2eq/m2 kgCO2eq/m2 kgCO2eq/m2 kgCO2eq/m2 kgCO2eq/m2

98.7% of steel from concrete rebar

Embodied: Operational:

1031 kgCO2eq/m2 (24,450,000 kgCO2eq) 164 kWh/m2a

CHARTERED BANK BUILDING (BEP,1964)

THU

FRI

SUN

MON

TUES

TOTAL

NICK

|||

||||||

|||||||

22 hrs

DES

||||

||||||||||

32 hrs

Embodied Carbon: Operational Carbon:

40m

1031 kgCO2eq/m2 164 kWh/m2a

THE KL ATLAS

100

Dewan Bandaraya Kuala Lumpur (DBKL Tower 1) Carbon Study

Benjamin Harding & Daniel Iliev

101

DBKL TOWER 1 CARBON REPORT: Menara DBKL, 1, Jln Raja Laut, Kuala Lumpur City Centre, 50350 Kuala Lumpur Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Architect: BEP Year: 1981 Total Embodied Carbon (kgCO2e):

46,684,866.10

Embodied Carbon Emissions/sqm (kgCO2e/m²):

1,663.00

Material

Embodied Carbon Carbon Intensity Total (kgCO₂e) (kgCO₂e/m²) (%)

Steel 24,447,372.75 804.19 48.35% Rebar (4%) 18,271,707.10 601.04 36.13% Concrete 6,282,120.00 206.65 12.42% Aluminium 1,071,144.00 35.24 2.12% Bricks 297,000.00 9.77 0.59% Glass 198.250.00 6.52 0.39% Annual Operational Carbon (kgCO2e/yr): Gross Floor Area Operational EUI (m²) (kWh/m²/yr)

2734.00

Average Malaysia Grid Emission Factor (kgCO2e/kWh)

30,400 187 0.48

DBKL TOWER 1

Daniel Iliev & Ben Harding 4001 5001

102

DBKL, PHOTOS BY BEN AND DANIEL

103

FINAL DRAWING SET

104

WEEK 05

1:40

DBKL TOWER 1 (BEP,1981) THU

FRI

SAT

0 SUN

MON

TUES

TOTAL

2 hrs

|||

|||||

9 hrs

BEN DANIEL DENIZ

0 hrs |

BUILDING STRUCTURE CREATED BY DANIEL, DRAWING REFINEMENTS AND SITE DONE BY BEN AND DENIZ

Embodied Carbon: Operational Carbon:

40m

1663 kgCO2eq/m2 187 kWh/m2a

105

Legend 1. 2. 3 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Columns, Beams, Floors (Concrete) Facade - Concrete Concrete Piles & Caps Plant - Steel Cladding Framed LED Screen - Steel/LED Mullions - Aluminium Glazing - Glass Internal walls - Brick/Steel Stud/PB

(Piles - 80m tall from pile caps)

DBKL TOWER 1 (BEP,1981) THU

FRI

SAT

SUN

MON

||||||||

TUES

TOTAL

||||

4 hrs

BEN

0 hrs

DANIEL DENIZ

106 106

10 hrs

BUILDING STRUCTURE AND DETAIL CREATED BY DANIEL

Embodied Carbon: Operational Carbon:

1663 kgCO2eq/m2 187 kWh/m2a

40m

WEEK 05

3. 11

x 100,000

5. 3.

x 100,000

Materials: 1.

Steel 1

1535 kgCO2eq/m2

Concrete

1277 kgCO2eq/m2

Aluminum

206 kgCO2eq/m2

Brick

kgCO2eq/m2

Glass

kgCO2eq/m2

47% of steel from concrete rebar

Embodied:

1663 kgCO2eq/m2 (46,686,000 kgCO2eq)

Operational:

187 kWh/m²

DBKL TOWER 1 (BEP,1981) THU

FRI

SAT

0 SUN

MON

TUES

BEN DANIEL

40m

TOTAL 0 hrs

|||

DENIZ

4 hrs 0 hrs

Materials: 1.

Steel 1

1535 kgCO2eq/m2

Concrete

1277 kgCO2eq/m2

Aluminum

206 kgCO2eq/m2

Brick

kgCO2eq/m2

Glass

kgCO2eq/m2

47% of steel from concrete rebar

Embodied:

1663 kgCO2eq/m2 (46,686,000 kgCO2eq)

Operational:

187 kWh/m²

DBKL TOWER 1 (BEP,1981) THU

FRI

SAT

0 SUN

MON

TUES

TOTAL

4 hrs

BEN DANIEL DENIZ

40m

0 hrs |||

0 hrs

BUILDING STRUCTURE CREATED BY DANIEL, DRAWING REFINEMENTS AND SITE DONE BY BEN AND DENIZ

107

THE KL ATLAS

108

Ming Building Carbon Study

William Yu & Sharon Tien

109

MING BUILDING CARBON REPORT: Bukit Nanas St, Kuala Lumpur, 50250 Kuala Lumpur, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Architect: MAA Year: 1974 Total Embodied Carbon (kgCO2e):

6,073,165.17

Embodied Carbon Emissions/sqm (kgCO2e/m²):

699.4

Material

Embodied Carbon Carbon Intensity Total (kgCO₂e) (kgCO₂e/m²) (%)

Rebar (4%) 1,420,693 472.83 67.61% Concrete 10,852,152 162.47 23.23% Aluminium 27,540 52.43 7.50% Glass 83070.85 11.67 7.61%

Gross Floor Area Operational EUI (m²) (kWh/m²/yr)

Average Malaysia Grid Emission Factor (kgCO2e/kWh)

8683 187 0.48

William Yu & Sharon Tien 4001 4001

110

111

FINAL DRAWING SET

112

WEEK 05

113 113 DRAWING BY SHARON TIEN & WILLIAM YU

2 5

Legend 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

Mullions - Aluminium Glazing - Glass Floor - Concrete Columns - Concrete Footings - Concrete Floor - Concrete

MING BUILDING (MAA,1974)

114

THU

FRI

SUN

MON

TUES

TOTAL

WILLIAM

|||||

||||

||||||||

25 hrs

SHARON

||||||

|||||

|||

||||||||

||||||

28 hrs

DRAWING BY SHARON TIEN & WILLIAM YU

Embodied Carbon: Operational Carbon:

730 kgCO2eq/m2 187 kWh/m2a

WEEK 05

115 DRAWING BY SHARON TIEN & WILLIAM YU

STUDIO DOCUMENTATION

116

Images Featuring: Additional travel in Kuala Lumpur Process work and class development Class preperation for review Groups model making

117

KL TRAVEL & EXPLORING. PHOTO SUDHA KANDEL

118

KL TRAVEL & EXPLORING WITH SEKSAN. PHOTO SUDHA KANDEL

119

KL TRAVEL & EXPLORING WITH SHIN. PHOTO SUDHA KANDEL

KL TRAVEL & EXPLORING. PHOTO SUDHA KANDEL

120

KL TRAVEL & EXPLORING WITH GREGERS & ERIK. PHOTO SUDHA KANDEL

KL TRAVEL & EXPLORING WITH GREGERS, SHIN & ANG. PHOTO SUDHA KANDEL

121

FINAL REVIEW PREPERATION AT 12AM. PHOTO SUDHA KANDEL

SHIN TSENG’S FEEDBACK IN DFAB. PHOTO SUDHA KANDEL

122

FINAL REVIEW PREPERATION AT 10PM. PHOTO SUDHA KANDEL

FINAL REVIEW PREPERATION AT 12AM. PHOTO SUDHA KANDEL

123

FINAL REVIEW PREPERATION AT 2AM. PHOTO SUDHA KANDEL

124

FINAL REVIEW PREPERATION AT 2AM. PHOTO NAWAB SINGH

HEIN PRINTING AT 8AM. PHOTO NAWAB SINGH

125

FINAL REVIEW PREPERATION AT 12AM. PHOTO HEIN BUI

126

FINAL REVIEW PREPERATION AT 12AM. PHOTO HEIN BUI

127

FINAL REVIEW PREPERATION AT 12AM. PHOTO HEIN BUI

128

FINAL REVIEW PREPERATION AT 12AM. PHOTO NICK MCDONALD

FINAL REVIEW PREPERATION AT 12AM. PHOTO SUDHA KANDEL

129

Hot Air Transformations

Monash University 130

Erik L’ Heureux