Scientometrics has been defined as the “quantitative study of science, communication in science, and science policy” (Hess, 1997). This field has evolved over time from the study of indices for improving information retrieval from peer-reviewed scientific publications (commonly described as the “bibliometric” analysis of science) to cover other types of documents and information sources relating to science and technology. These sources can include data sets, web pages and social media. Scientometric indicators complement and contribute to OECD efforts to standardise, collect, report and analyse a wide range of science, technology and innovation activities by providing evidence on a selected set of science and technology (S&T) outcomes.
