Poursuivre les efforts de réforme pour soutenir la convergence économique
Bucarest 16 Mars 2026
https://oe.cd/romania
Romania has achieved strong convergence towards OECD average living standards
Note: US dollars are expressed in constant purchasing power parities, with reference year 2020. OECD Central and Eastern Europe is an unweighted average of Czechia, Hungary, Poland, the Slovak Republic and Slovenia.
Source: OECD National Accounts database.
GDP growth is expected to recover gradually
Source: OECD Economic Outlook database.
Addressing fiscal challenges
Fiscal sustainability requires further fiscal consolidation beyond 2026
General government debt, Maastricht definition % of GDP
Note: In the “Current path” scenario, the structural primary deficit is based on the OECD Economic Outlook database until 2027, and the OECD Long-Term Model thereafter, adding the projected changes in ageing costs based on the EU Ageing Report 2024. The “Prudent path under fiscal rules” scenario assumes additional consolidation of the structural primary balance relative to the “Current path” trajectory, in line with Romania’s medium-term fiscal plan agreed with the European Union. This corresponds to further fiscal consolidation of 4.25% of GDP between 2027 and 2031 compared to the “Current path”, leading to a surplus of 1.7% of GDP by 2031, which is maintained thereafter. The 2025 and 2026 numbers for government debt are estimates.
Source: OECD calculations based on OECD Economic
and Long-Term Model; EU Ageing Report 2024.
Current path
Prudent path under fiscal rules
Tax compliance needs to be strengthened through improved digitalisation and tax audits
Value-added tax compliance gap
2024 or latest available, % of estimated total value-added tax liability
Note: The value-added tax compliance gap measures the difference between the value-added tax revenue that would be collected if there were full compliance and actual value-added tax receipts. It covers revenues lost due to fraud and evasion, insolvencies, administrative errors and legal tax optimisation.
Strengthening competitiveness
Global
integration advances but domestic firms could be better integrated into global supply chains
Note: EU is an unweighted average. Data exclude goods exports from unknown owners.
Source: Eurostat.
Further streamlining business licensing would foster business dynamism
Product market regulation
2023/2024, Index, scale 0-6 from least to most restrictive
Note: Indicator value from 0 to 6, which increases in the stringency of the regulatory environment. OECD and EU are unweighted averages.
Source: OECD-World Bank Group Product Market Regulation database.
Enhancing teacher training and modernising curricula with a stronger focus on digital skills could boost education outcomes
Note: OECD is an unweighted average. Enrolment rate is the total number of students of the official age group for a given level of education who are enrolled in any level of education, expressed as a percentage of the corresponding population.
Source: World Bank-UNESCO Institute for Statistics Education Survey.
Promoting higher workforce participation
Healthier ageing would help workers stay productive and
Stronger return-to-work incentives after giving birth would raise women’s employment
Improving access to quality vocational education and jobrelevant training can boost employment of young people
Share of 15-29 year olds not in employment, education or training 2024 or latest
Enhancing resilience to climate change
Exposure to
climate change is high, especially in relation to floods, heatwaves and droughts
Share of land exposed to river flooding with a 100-year return period 2022, %
Note: A return period is the average or estimated time that a specific hazard is likely to recur. Source: OECD River flooding
https://oe.cd/romania
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