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THE ROUTLEDGE COMPANION TO EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY LITERATURES IN ENGLISH

The Routledge Companion to Eighteenth-Century Literatures in Englishbrings together essays that respond to consequential cultural and socio-economic changes that followed the expansion of the British Empire from the British Isles across the Atlantic. Scholars track the cumulative power of the slave trade, settlements and plantations, and the continual warfare that reshaped lives in the Americas, Africa, and Asia. Importantly, they also analyze the ways these histories reshaped class and social relations, scientific inquiry and invention, philosophies of personhood, and cultural and intellectual production. As European nations fought each other for territories and trade routes, dispossessing and enslaving Indigenous and Black people, the observations of travellers, naturalists, and colonists helped consolidate racism and racial differentiation, as well as the philosophical justifications of “civilizational” differences that became the hallmarks of intellectual life.

Essays in this volume address key shifts in disciplinary practices even as they examine the past, looking forward to and modeling a rethinking of our scholarly and pedagogic practices. This volume is an essential text for academics, researchers, and students researching eighteenth-century literature, history, and culture.

Sarah Eron is a Professor of English at the University of Rhode Island, where she specializes in the literature, philosophy, and culture of the long eighteenth century (1660–1830). Her work entertains cross-disciplinary questions that motivate the broader fields of cognitive literary studies, disability studies, and the history of science. She is the author of Mind over Matter: Memory Fiction from DanielDefoe toJaneAusten(2021) and InspirationintheAge of Enlightenment (2014). Her articles have appeared in Studies in Romanticism; Studies in the Novel; Eighteenth-Century Novel; Eighteenth-Century Studies; Studies in Eighteenth-Century Culture; VictorianPoetry; and Blake,AnIllustratedQuarterly.

Nicole N. Aljoe is a Professor of English and Africana Studies at Northeastern University in Boston. She is the Co-Director of The Early CaribbeanDigital Archive and Mapping Black London, and the Director of the EarlyBlackBostonDigitalAlmanac. Her research and teaching focus on eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century Black Atlantic and Caribbean literatures. The author of CreoleTestimonies: SlaveNarrativesfromtheBritishWestIndies,1709–1836(2012) and co-editor of Journeys of the Slave Narrative in the Early Americas (2014) as well as A Literary History of the Early Anglophone Caribbean:IslandsintheStream(2018), she has written essays that have appeared in African American Review, American Literary History, Anthurium, Eighteenth-Century Fiction, Early American Literature, and Women’sStudies.

Suvir Kaul is A. M. Rosenthal Professor of English at the University of Pennsylvania. He is the author of Of Gardens and Graves: Kashmir , Poetry, Politics(2015); Eighteenth-CenturyBritishLiterature and Postcolonial Studies (2009); Poems of Nation, Anthems of Empire: English Verse in the Long Eighteenth Century (2000); and Thomas Gray and Literary Authority: Ideology and Poetics in Eighteenth-CenturyEngland(1992). He has edited ThePartitionsof Memory: The Afterlife of the Division of India (2001) and co-edited Postcolonial Studies and Beyond (2005). He teaches eighteenth-

century British literature and culture; South Asian writing in English; and critical theory, including postcolonial studies.

ROUTLEDGE LITERATURE COMPANIONS

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THE ROUTLEDGE COMPANION TO EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY LITERATURES IN ENGLISH

For more information on this series, please visit: www.routledge.com/Routledge-Literature-Companions/bookseries/RC4444

THE ROUTLEDGE COMPANION TO EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY LITERATURES IN ENGLISH

Designed cover image: “Reflections,” by Sarah Eron

First published 2024 by Routledge

605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158 and by Routledge

4 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN

RoutledgeisanimprintoftheTaylor&FrancisGroup,aninforma business

© 2024 selection and editorial matter, Sarah Eron, Nicole N. Aljoe, and Suvir Kaul; individual chapters, the contributors

The right of Sarah Eron, Nicole N. Aljoe, and Suvir Kaul to be identified as the authors of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.

Trademarknotice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.

LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData A catalog record for this title has been requested

ISBN: 978-1-032-22110-6 (hbk)

ISBN: 978-1-032-22113-7 (pbk)

ISBN: 978-1-003-27120-8 (ebk)

DOI: 10.4324/9781003271208

Typeset in Times New Roman by codeMantra

ToCaleb,forhisunrelentingsupportandcare

SarahEron

ToCourtneyandPeggy,inlovingmemory

NicoleN.Aljoe

ToAnia,forrenderingmewhole

SuvirKaul

ListofFigures

CONTENTS

ListofContributors

Acknowledgments

Introduction

SarahEron, Nicole N. Aljoe, andSuvir Kaul

PART I

Empire

1 Empire, Racial Capitalism, and British Culture

Suvir Kaul

2 Asian Empires before British Hegemony

Ashley L. Cohen

3 The Problem of Indigeneity

Alex Wagstaffe andEugenia Zuroski

4 Early Caribbean Anglophone Literature

Cassander L. Smith

5 Piracy in the Caribbean

Manushag N. Powell

6 Slave Voices and the Archives of the Caribbean

Nicole N. Aljoe

III Nation

7 The Cultural Making of “Great Britain” LeithDavis 8 Scotland in an Anglo-Centric Nation

JanetSorensen 9 Irish and Anglo-Irish Writing

James Ward

15 Literature and the Law

Melissa J. Ganz

16 Theories of Consent

Kathleen Lubey

PART VII

Writing Race and Racial Identities

17 Writing “Race” in the Anglophone Atlantic

Ryan Hanley

18 The Jewish Presence in Literature and Culture

Laura J. Rosenthal

19 Early Black Writers: Belinda Sutton’s Childhoods

Brigitte Fielder

PART VIII

Gender, Queer and Trans Studies

20 Queering and Transing the Eighteenth Century

Thomas A. King

21 Sapphic Relations

Ula Lukszo Klein

22 The Challenge of Trans Theory

Declan Kavanagh

PART IX

Women’s Writing

23 Writing Women in the Age of Phillis: Gender and Its Discontents

Susan S. Lanser

24 Feminisms: Intersectionality in Domestic Fiction

Victoria Barnett-Woods andKaren Lipsedge

PART X Disability Studies

25 Defining Disability

D. Christopher Gabbard

26 Disability and Sexuality

Jason S. Farr

FIGURES

28.1 Unknown engraver, TheShootingofAdmiralByngonBoardthe Monarque(1757), engraving, © National Portrait Gallery, London.

29.1 William Hogarth, “The Idle ‘Prentice Executed at Tyburn” (1747). Courtesy of the Lewis Walpole Library, Yale University

CONTRIBUTORS

David Alvarez is an Associate Professor of English at DePauw University. He is the co-editor with Alison Conway of Imagining Religious Toleration: A Literary History of an Idea, 1600–1830 (2019).

Emily Hodgson Anderson is a Professor of English and Dornsife College Dean of Undergraduate Education at the University of Southern California. She is the author, most recently, of Shakespeare and theLegacy of Loss (2018) and numerous articles for academic journals and the popular press.

Misty G. Anderson is the James R. Cox Professor of English at the University of Tennessee. She is the author of FemalePlaywrightsand Eighteenth-Century Comedy (2002) and Imagining Methodism (2012), as well as the co-editor of The Routledge Anthology of Restoration and Eighteenth-Century Theatre (2017) and Performance(2019).

Victoria Barnett-Woods is the Associate Director of the Starr Center of the American Experience at Washington College, Maryland. Her interests include the eighteenth-century Atlantic world and the literature produced out of it. She is the editor ofCulturalEconomies of the Atlantic World (2020) and has written widely on the transatlantic historical and literary connections of the long eighteenth century.

Tita Chico is a Professor of English and the Director of the Center for Literary and Comparative Studies at the University of Maryland. She is the author of, most recently, TheExperimental Imagination: LiteraryKnowledgeandScience in theBritishEnlightenment (2018) and OnWonder(forthcoming).

Ashley L. Cohen is an Associate Professor of English at the University of Southern California, and the author of The Global Indies: British Imperialism and the Reshaping of the World, 1756–1815(2021).

Lucinda Cole is the Conrad Humanities Scholar at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. Author of Imperfect Creatures: Vermin, Literature, and the Sciences of Life 1600–1740 (2016), she teaches in both the Department of English and the Institute for Sustainability, Energy, and the Environment.

Leith Davis is a Professor in the Department of English and Director of the Centre for Scottish Studies at Simon Fraser University, Canada. Her most recent book is Mediating Cultural Memory in Britain and Ireland: From the 1688 Revolution to the 1745 Jacobite Rising(2022).

Joseph Drury is an Associate Professor of English at Villanova University. He is the author of Novel Machines: Technology and Narrative Form in Enlightenment Britain (2017), as well as several articles and book chapters about eighteenth-century literature, science, material culture, and aesthetics.

Jason S. Farr is an Associate Professor of English at Marquette University. He is the author of NovelBodies:Disability andSexuality in Eighteenth-Century British Literature (2019). He has published numerous book chapters and articles in venues such as the Journal of Literary and Cultural Disability Studies, Eighteenth-Century Fiction, Journal for Early Modern Cultural Studies, The Eighteenth Century: Theory and Interpretation, Studies in Eighteenth-Century

Culture, Romantic Circles, and The Rambling. Currently, he is working on a project provisionally entitled Deaf Resonances: Deafness, Sound, and Multimodal Communication in EighteenthCenturyBritishLiterature.

Brigitte Fielder is an Associate Professor at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. She is the author of RelativeRaces:Genealogies ofInterracialKinshipinNineteenth-CenturyAmerica (2020) and coeditor of Against a Sharp, White Background: Infrastructures of AfricanAmericanPrint(2019). She is currently writing a second book on racialized human-animal relationships in the long nineteenth century, which shows how childhood becomes a key site for both humanization and racialization, and a new project about early Afrofuturism—uses of “old” tech for hopeful future visioning. Fielder is the co-editor of J19: The Journal of Nineteenth-Century Americanists.

D. Christopher Gabbard is a Professor of English at the University of North Florida, where he teaches courses in British Enlightenment literature and disability studies. His work has appeared in PMLA, Eighteenth-Century Studies, SEL, The Disability Studies Quarterly, and elsewhere. He co-edited TheCulturalHistoryofDisability inthe LongEighteenthCentury(2020).

Melissa J. Ganz is an Associate Professor of English at Marquette University, where she works on eighteenth- and nineteenth-century British literature and culture, with a particular focus on the relationship between literature, law, and ethics. She is the author of Public Vows: Fictions of Marriage in the English Enlightenment (2019) as well as articles on novelists such as Daniel Defoe, Frances Burney, Jane Austen, and Mary Shelley.

John Goodridge is the Emeritus Professor of English at Nottingham Trent University. An expert on the poet John Clare, he edits and is the principal writer for the online “Catalogue of Labouring-Class

Poets, 1700–1900,” which reached half a million words in 2021 and continues to grow.

Ryan Hanley is a Senior Lecturer in Modern British History at the University of Exeter. Ryan is interested in histories and literatures of race and class in the British Atlantic world. He is the author of the RHS Whitfield Prize-winning Beyond Slavery and Abolition: Black British Writing, c.1770 to 1830 (2018), and the forthcoming Robert Wedderburn:AtlanticInsurrectionary(2024). He is also working on a new history of race and class in Britain during the abolition debates, provisionally entitled “Slavery and the British Working Class: Race, Empire and Populism in Britain, c.1787–1838.”

Corrinne Harol is a Professor of English at the University of Alberta. Her work interrogates the rise of liberal secularism in relation to literary forms and histories. Major works include Enlightened Virginity and Eighteenth-Century Literature (2006), Literary/Liberal Entanglements (co-editor, 2017), and The Postsecular Restoration and the Making of Literary Conservatism (2023).

Sarah Tindal Kareem is an Associate Professor of English at the University of California, Los Angeles. Her first book was EighteenthCentury Fiction and the Reinvention of Wonder (2014). She is currently writing her second book, which explores the troubled attachments that works of literature both represent and elicit. With Crystal B. Lake, she is the co-founder and co-editor of TheRambling.

Declan Kavanagh is a Senior Lecturer in Eighteenth-Century Studies at the University of Kent, United Kingdom. He is the author of Effeminate Years: Literature, Politics, and Aesthetics in MidEighteenth-CenturyBritain(2017).

Bridget Keegan is a Professor of English and the Dean of Arts and Sciences at Creighton University. She has written and edited many

works related to the British laboring-class poetic tradition of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.

Jess Keiser is an Associate Professor of English literature at Tufts University. He is the author of Nervous Fictions: Literary Form and the EnlightenmentOrigins of Neuroscience (2020). His next project is on TristramShandyand the beginning of “the end of art.”

Thomas A. King is an Associate Professor of Restoration and Eighteenth-century British literature, performance studies, and queer studies at Brandeis University and author of The Gendering of Men 1660–1750, vol. 1: TheEnglishPhallus(2004) and TheGenderingof Men1660–1750, vol. 2: QueerArticulations(2007).

Ula Lukszo Klein is an Associate Professor of English and the Director of Women’s and Gender Studies at University of WisconsinOshkosh. Her monograph SapphicCrossings:Cross-DressingWomen inEighteenth-CenturyBritishLiterature(2021) is a cross-genre study of eighteenth-century works that linked female cross-dressing to lesbian desire. Her chapter “The Ends of Gender Studies” recently appeared in the collection TheEndsofKnowledge(2023), and she is currently working on a book chapter on transgender studies approaches to The Widow Ranter as well as an article on trans celebrity and the life of the Chevalière d’Eon.

Susan S. Lanser is a Professor Emerita of Comparative Literature; English; and Women’s, Gender, and Sexuality Studies at Brandeis University. Her latest monograph, The Sexuality of History: Modernity and the Sapphic 1565–1830 (2014), received the Joan Kelly Prize from the American Historical Association and honorable mention for the Gottschalk Prize. Her articles have appeared in journals ranging from Eighteenth-Century Studies and ECTI to Narrative and PMLA. She is a past president of both the American Society for Eighteenth-Century Studies and the International Society for the Study of Narrative, which awarded her its Wayne C. Booth Lifetime Achievement Award in 2020.

Karen Lipsedge is an Associate Professor in English Literature at Kingston University, and her research focuses on eighteenth-century domestic space, interiors, the relationship between objects and people, and the novel. Her second book, AtHomeintheEighteenthCentury, co-edited with Stephen Hague, was published in 2022, and she also co-edited the JSECS Special Issue on “Women and Property in the Long Eighteenth Century,” with Rita Dashwood, published 2022.

Kathleen Lubey is a Professor of English at St. John’s University specializing in sexuality, pornography, and feminism in eighteenthcentury British literature and culture. Her publications include ExcitableImaginations:EroticismandReadinginBritain,1660–1760 (2012) and What Pornography Knows: Sex and Social Protest since theEighteenthCentury(2022).

Jean I. Marsden is a Professor of English at the University of Connecticut. She is the author of Theatres of Feeling: Affect, Performance, and the Eighteenth-Century Stage (2019); Fatal Desire: Women, Sexuality, and the English Stage, 1660–1720 (2006); and The Re-Imagined Text: Shakespeare, Adaptation, and Eighteenth-Century Literary Theory (1995), along with numerous articles and editions.

Daniel O’Quinn is a Professor in the School of English and Theatre Studies at the University of Guelph. He is the author recently of Corrosive Solace: Affect, Biopolitics and the Re-Alignment of the Repertoire 1780–1800 (2022) and Engaging the Ottoman Empire: VexedMediations1690–1815(2018).

Manushag N. Powell is a Professor of English at Purdue University. She is the co-author (with Frederick Burwick) of British Pirates in Print and Performance (2015) and the editor of the Broadview edition of Daniel Defoe’s Captain Singleton (2019); she also has essays on piracy in The Cultural History of Hair in the Age of Enlightenment(2019) and CounterfactualRomanticism(2019).

Laura J. Rosenthal is a Professor of English at the University of Maryland and author, most recently, of Ways of the World: Theater andCosmopolitanism in the Restoration and Beyond (2020). She is also the author of Infamous Commerce: Prostitution inEighteenthCentury Literature and Culture (2006) and Playwrights and Plagiarists in Early Modern Drama: Gender , Authorship, Literary Property (1996). She currently serves as an editor of Restoration: StudiesinLiteratureandCulture1660–1700.

Sean Silver is an Associate Professor of English at Rutgers University. He is the author of The Mind Is a Collection (2015), the exhibit catalogue of a born-digital museum of eighteenth-century cognitive models.

Janet Sorensen teaches in the Department of English at the University of California, Berkeley. She is the author of TheGrammar ofEmpire inEighteenth-Century British Writing (2000) and Strange Vernaculars: How Eighteenth-Century Slang, Cant, Provincial Languages,andNauticalJargonBecameEnglish(2017).

Cassander L. Smith is an Associate Professor of English at the University of Alabama. She is the author of Race andRespectability in an Early Black Atlantic (2023) and Black Africans in the British Imagination:NarrativesoftheEarlyAtlanticWorld(2016).

Danielle Spratt is a Professor of English at California State University, Northridge, where she is also the Director of the Office of Community Engagement. She is the co-author (with Bridget Draxler) of Engaging the Age of Jane Austen: Public Humanities in Practice (2018); co-editor (with David Alff) of a volume on science in the long eighteenth century, forthcoming with the University of Virginia Press; and editor of Reading Jane Austen: An Introduction, under contract with Routledge, in which she has an essay on the history of medicine and reproductive justice in Austen’s novels.

Emily B. Stanback is an Associate Professor of English at the University of Southern Mississippi, where she is also the founding coordinator of minors in Disability Studies and Health and Medical Humanities. She is the author of The Wordsworth-Coleridge Circle andTheAestheticsofDisability(2016).

Charlotte Sussman is a Professor of English at Duke University. She is the author of Consuming Anxieties: Consumer Protest, Gender , and BritishSlavery, 1713–1833 (2000), Peopling theWorld: Representing Human Mobility from Milton to Malthus (2020), and Eighteenth-CenturyBritishLiterature,1660–1789(2012).

Alex Wagstaffe (they/them; Indigenous) is a PhD candidate at McMaster University in the Department of English and Cultural Studies. They have a forthcoming article in the essay collection The Past in the Present, Possibilities for the Future: The Indigenous EighteenthCentury.

James Ward is a Lecturer in eighteenth-century literature at Ulster University. He is the author of Memory and Enlightenment: Cultural AfterlivesoftheLongEighteenthCentury(2018).

Eugenia Zuroski (she/they; diasporic settler of color) is a Professor of English and Cultural Studies at McMaster University. She is the Editor of the journal Eighteenth-Century Fiction and author of A Taste for China: English Subjectivity and the Prehistory of Orientalism(2013).

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Tieanna Graphenreed, Peter Diamond (and Tiffany Cruz) took a misshapen compilation of essays and copyedited and formatted them into chapters. Their acuity and professionalism were impressive: they sharpened the insights, and the prose, of many contributors, and added greatly to the strengths of this volume. The Editors are very grateful for their commitment to, and work on, this collection.

*

We would also like to recognize the College of Social Sciences and Humanities at Northeastern, the University of Rhode Island Center for Humanities and the research funds attached to the A. M. Rosenthal Professorship at the University of Pennsylvania, which partially enabled this work.

Work on this volume on eighteenth-century literatures in English began at the start of 2021, when academic culture was seeing a seismic shift in thinking, thanks to the troubles wrought by a worldwide pandemic and social upheavals that addressed continued racial and political violence across the United States. Many contributors in this volume faced immense personal challenges and yet came through for us; we want to thank those who have lent their voices to this project.

Nor were we, the editors, exempt from such personal challenges. At the start of 2021, when the three of us first met to envision this volume, we barely knew one another, each having a distinct version of the eighteenth century they had long studied and come to know.

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