Issuu

Happy JBNQA Day On November 11, 1975, the James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement was signed with Canada and Quebec to establish the first modern Indigenous Treaty in Canada. This was a monumental achievement in recognizing Cree rights and authority in a number of areas, and in protecting Cree ways of life. Based on the foundation of this Agreement, subsequent agreements on Cree governance and new relationships were established with the federal and provincial governments. Today, we still value and use this Agreement regularly in our daily lives. The United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and related national acts of Parliament further complement what was achieved. We wish all the Cree people and their institutions a happy anniversary of the James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement, and we acknowledge and thank all the negotiators and visionaries who worked hard to lay this important foundation. Further, we thank those who continue to breathe life into this and other Agreements and relationships to ensure the rights and interests of the Cree Nation are respected, recognized and affirmed for present and future generations.

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CONTENTS EDITORIAL

Food & more for thought

NEWS

Agriculture research dome

Top job

The global perspective

FEATURES

Empowering food sovereignty

Food grown here

Exploring the soul

Housing concerns

PUZZLES REZ NOTES

Mind mush

UTNS Take care on winter roads 26 Community

Soleil Launière debuts her Taueu album

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Editorial

Food and more for thought by Will Nicholls

lders are important in the Cree way of life. This was brought home when a cousin from out of town remarked that he liked the way we referred to and respected Elders, really considering them an important community resource. It’s a resource we should be taking better care of. While only roughly 4% of all Canadians over 65 face food insecurity, 75% of them are Indigenous. This problem isn’t new. The writing has been on the wall for decades. Cree Elders remember the hard times when other hunters came into the territory and the Cree faced starvation. As a youth I went on an archaeological dig in the Caniapiscau region. We saw where Cree had scrapped lichen from rocks – it was used a desperation food. Food insecurity leads to a lot of health problems, as can store-bought food. As a young man I asked an Elder for some advice on my ulcers. She said it was because when I was growing up, I had a mostly country or traditional food diet. The chemicals, hormones and other additives in the store-bought food were causing my problem. It was true that during my time in the North I had fewer stomach problems. There are solutions. One merely needs to look along the coast where fish are caught and shared door-to-door around the community. That should be expanded to other communities and the program could be expanded to include rabbits and other game for variety and additional nutrients. In the past, Cree hunters shared their kills with Elders and those who couldn’t hunt or gather. It was kind of a Cree pension plan. That should be taught to

Only roughly 4% of all Canadians over 65 face food insecurity, 75% of them are Indigenous

our young. No Cree, especially an Elder, should worry about food. In Ontario, use of food banks by those 65 or older grew by 35% in 2021 alone. Some problems with supplying Elders with food include dietary restrictions. Elders may be unwilling to access food banks as this is seen as charitable food. As mentioned, Cree see Elders as a valuable part of the community. We should ensure that they are around for a long time. By limiting food insecurity, we ensure a healthier Elder population, which is an important investment. To ensure we do not lose all the benefits of our Elders’ knowledge I propose that the Nation, JBCCS, Niskamoon, the Cree cultural departments and other interested parties join together and create a new program. Most of our kids use

iPads or Amazon Fire tablets to learn from. Why not give some to our Elders? Let them tell stories, legends, history, personal memories, recipes or whatever they want. It’s all part of our Cree culture and goes beyond just saving our language. I would recommend a speech-totext program that would also keep a copy of their oral expressions. The Nation would print some of the Elders’ stories in both Cree and English as we have done in the past. Regional radio could use some of them in their shows or an entirely new program. The cultural institute could use them in their displays. Also, in the future if a family wanted to hear what great-great-grandpa said it would be available and it would preserve the language in a way that shows how it was used.

The Nation is published every two weeks by Beesum Communications EDITORIAL BOARD L. Stewart, W. Nicholls, M. Siberok, Mr. N. Diamond, E. Webb EDITOR IN CHIEF Will Nicholls DIRECTOR OF FINANCES Linda Ludwick EDITORS Lyle Stewart, Martin Siberok PRODUCTION COORDINATOR AND MANAGING EDITOR Randy Mayer CONTRIBUTING WRITERS S. Orr, X. Kataquapit, P. Quinn, S. Hossain, J. Janke DESIGN Matthew Dessner SALES AND ADVERTISING Danielle Valade, Donna Malthouse THANKS TO: Air Creebec CONTACT US: The Nation News, 918-4200 St. Laurent, Montreal, QC., H2W 2R2 EDITORIAL & ADS: Tel.: 514-272-3077, Fax: 514-278-9914 HEAD OFFICE: P.O. Box 151, Chisasibi, QC. J0M 1E0 www.nationnews.ca EDITORIAL: will@nationnews.ca news@nationnews.ca ADS: Danielle Valade: ads@nationnews.ca; Donna Malthouse: donna@beesum.com SUBSCRIPTIONS: $60 plus taxes, US: $90, Abroad: $110, Payable to beesum communications, all rights reserved, publication mail #40015005, issn #1206-2642 The Nation is a member of: The James Bay Cree Communications Society, Circle Of Aboriginal Controlled Publishers, Magazines Canada Quebec Community Newspaper Assn. Canadian Newspapers Assn. Les Hebdos Sélect Du Québec. Funded [in part] by the Government of Canada. | www.nationnews.ca | facebook.com/NATIONnewsmagazine | Twitter: @creenation_news

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Editorial News

New Chief Gaston Cooper shares plans for Ouje-Bougoumou by Patrick Quinn, Local Journalism Initiative Reporter

fter a voting day nail-biter on August 14, Gaston Cooper was elected Chief of Ouje-Bougoumou over former Deputy Chief Lance Cooper. Angel Mianscum was elected Deputy Chief ahead of Harry Bosum. Outgoing Chief Curtis Bosum compared the transition to passing the baton in a relay race. Most important is “how well the entire team of runners work together for the benefit of the team,” Bosum said. Cooper brings a wealth of experience from serving on the OJ band council and in numerous administrative positions. He worked with many of regional entities, most recently as executive director of the Cree Native Arts and Crafts Association. Cooper recalled that after informing CNACA President Kenneth Gilpin of his intention to run for chief, “the first words he uttered was, ‘I hope you lose’.” Cooper said he helped CNACA avoid bankruptcy during his tenure, while developing local arts committees and helping reopen an online version of the Wachiya store. “I think people appreciated that and saw I was able to accomplish the impossible,” Cooper told the Nation. Originally from Waswanipi, Cooper moved to Ouje-Bougoumou 32 years ago. When he was first elected to band council in 2002, he spoke of growing up alongside the people of Ouje and after his wife, already a member, bore their first child. At 21, Cooper was “called up from Waswanipi” to work with the CBC. Leaving to attend college, he was pulled back to the job when a child was on the way. He now has three accomplished children who are university students or graduates. Working at CBC opened doors in communications and marketing, which led

to positions at Air Creebec, the James Bay Cree Communications Society and the Cree School Board. Cooper recently worked as Ouje’s representative with the CNG. He said his management style has benefited from working with numerous experienced leaders along his professional journey. On inauguration day, Cooper honoured the legacy of past leaders, whose “dedication, vision and hard work have paved the way for our continued success.” As one of his campaign promises, Cooper intends to create an advisory committee comprised of former Chiefs. “Being a Chief, you’ve reached the highest level of office within that community and that title will remain with you for the rest of your life,” explained Cooper. “I consulted with all the former Chiefs, asking them to be on the advisory committee, and they’ve all accepted. When something new arises, they can suggest what our position should be.” Their collective leadership overcame decades of marginalization to finally gain recognition and land to establish a village in 1989. The modrn community on Lake Opemiska is now a model of sustainability and a showcase for Cree culture. With its relative proximity to southern cities and attractions like the Aanischaaukamikw Cree Cultural Institute and Nuuhchimi Wiinuu cultural camp, Ouje-Bougoumou has enviable tourism potential. During the campaign, Cooper said culture was often mentioned as a priority – almost as much as housing. “I heard from the youth, especially those who leave their community to pursue their dreams in post-secondary, that when they come back there’s no place for them,” said Cooper. “They ask where they can work for the summer and come back

during the holidays. With the housing department, we may have found a solution with a few houses being renovated and saved for transit units.” Employment and economic development were other issues. Community members told him there are too many jobs lost to southern towns. Since taking office, he has organized a collective response to recent incidents of vandalism. “Vandalism not only damages the physical appearance of our community but also erodes the sense of safety and pride that we should all feel in our neighbourhood,” Cooper shared. “I strongly urge all residents to come together and take a stand against vandalism.” Emphasizing that youth are “the pillars” of community development, Cooper encourages young people to enter politics or find other leadership roles. He benefited from his popularity among teenagers during the election though they were too young to vote. “After I won as Chief, the little ones would start running to you, congratulating you and giving hugs,” said Cooper. “Just the other day after being away for a week in meetings, I saw little girls playing broomball and the first thing they said was ‘Hi Chief, where did you go?’” At the other end of the demographic spectrum, Cooper recently posted a selfie playing bingo with Elders. During the election campaign, support from Elders echoed what he felt when moving to OujeBougoumou years ago. “One Elder told me during the election campaign, ‘I don’t think you realized it, but we saw something good in you,’” Cooper shared. “‘That’s why we put you in these committees, so you could learn and eventually lead us one day’.”

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he Cree Nation met with Volker Türk, the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, in mid-October. Türk visited Ottawa to discuss general issues ahead of an in-depth review of Canada’s human rights situation in November, an exercise applied to most countries every four years. Cree Nation Government Justice Director Donald Nicholls presented four points on behalf of the Coalition for the Human Rights of Indigenous Peoples and discussed specific Cree issues in a separate meeting. The Coalition emphasized the importance of implementing the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP), for which Canada passed national legislation in 2021. Nicholls called on all institutions to implement UNDRIP within their areas of influence. The Coalition wants Canada to complement UNDRIP by adopting the American Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. Finally, it asserted that more resources must be provided to address the vulnerability of Indigenous women and children. Other groups discussed the treatment of Indigenous peoples in prison, noting they are less frequently paroled, more often serve their full sentences and are disproportionately placed in solitary confinement, which is now considered cruel and unusual punishment. “I talked about how we’re hoping the tiny home community we’re building will take people out of detention sooner, to create an environment where people can grow and be safe,” explained Nicholls. “They weren’t receiving enough rehabilitation or reintegration programming within the sys-

UN meetings press Indigenous solutions to international issues tem, but we could provide that within the context of our own communities, complemented with land-based programming.” At a recent housing conference in Gatineau, Nicholls advocated for the construction of tiny homes. Earlier this year, federal funding was granted to the Astum Api Niikinaahk tiny homes project for Indigenous people experiencing homelessness in Winnipeg, which has been praised as a success in community consultation. With a background in housing issues and refugee protection, Türk asserted that housing is a human right and said Canada has one of the world’s lowest contributions to social housing at 3%. As the pandemic exacerbated homelessness issues, Türk criticized “people making a lot of money at the expense of vulnerable populations.” Türk expressed admiration for the resilience and courage that Indigenous peoples continue to draw from ancestral wisdom. While noting there are more violent conflicts today than any time since 1945, Türk maintained that the planetary crisis is our generation’s defining human rights threat with this summer’s fires warning us the dystopian future is already here. “These are all unnatural disasters,” said Türk. “I think that all of us feel a degree of unease, perhaps event panic, faced with the sense of a sharply narrowing horizon. But this is true above all of young people. These powerful trends will surely impact all your careers, and the trajectory of your lives, as well as those of generations to come.” Despite these challenges, Türk asserted that the climate crisis can be confronted with partnerships grounded in dignity and equality. He urged a faster

phasing out of fossil fuels and overcoming the continuing harm against Indigenous peoples. “I talked about the forest fires in Eeyou Istchee and the impacts on health, culture and food security,” Nicholls told the Nation. “How big an impact it has on the Cree way of life has not been recognized elsewhere. Some of my staff were going out and trying to fight the fire, but they had no training or equipment.” At risk of more devastation next summer, Nicholls suggested now is the time to prepare, perhaps with new services dedicated to protecting Cree priorities in the bush. A UN report released in July stated forest fires account for 5% of land burned, but more than 80% of greenhouse gas emissions. Escalating effects of climate change and land use are estimated to increase wildfires 14% globally by 2030 and 30% by 2050. During last spring’s UN Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues, UN Secretary-General António Guterres said the world has too long ignored Indigenous warnings of climate dangers. While Indigenous peoples are on the frontlines of climate change, Nicholls said they’re never invited to the table where key decisions are made. “We promoted enhanced representation at the UN and other gatherings affecting Indigenous people,” said Nicholls. “That would mean we would be treated like nation states and have the ability to propose solutions and be part of the discussions. Decisions made there impact Indigenous peoples significantly.” While the Cree Nation didn’t attend a historic meeting in August held in Brazil aiming to save the rainforest, Nicholls believes it’s the beginning of a larger con-

versation happening around the world, recognizing that environmental movements are connected with Indigenous self-determination. Building on a panel at the Permanent Forum where Grand Chief Mandy GullMasty shared conservation perspectives with Sami in northern Norway, Nicholls plans to visit Sami territory in December with the UN. He looks forward to exchanging ideas about asserting Indigenous rights and learning from their humane approach to justice. While Canada has invested in Indigenous-led conservation efforts, a recent report from Francisco Calí Tzay, the UN’s Special Rapporteur on the rights of Indigenous Peoples, found that First Nations are often excluded from green financing or are unnecessarily burdened by a focus on limited projects with tight deadlines. Noting that the most biodiverse and best-preserved lands are stewarded by Indigenous peoples, Tzay stated Indigenous worldviews and realities are rarely accommodated. Brandy Mayes, land manager for the Kwanlin Dün First Nation in Yukon argued that this complicates planning for land management approaches that don’t focus on a single species or research question. “There’s very narrow parameters for the Guardian program,” said Mayes. “It’s just caribou monitoring – very centred around what they want from you. When people who were born on the land look after it, we can all prepare for what’s coming.”

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Connect. Develop. Protect. 48 years in the making. November 11, 1975, marks a turning point for the Cree Nation towards greater involvement and a seat at the decision-making table concerning Eeyou Istchee. The “first modern treaty” created a new framework for local self-governance, land management and protection of the traditional Cree way of life. Consultation of the Crees above and beyond regular processes with regard to any regulation, law, or development plan in Eeyou Istchee as outlined in section 22 of the JBNQA has been and continues to be a guiding principle in how and if development is to occur in Cree territory. The Grande Alliance team is proud to follow in the footsteps of the signatories of the JBNQA and aims to continue to build better and more sustainable futures for all.

In Brief Mistissini stray dog sterilization In collaboration with the community of Mistissini, Chiots Nordiques offered veterinary services to 120 dogs during an intensive 48-hour medical excursion over the first weekend of October. Since 2012, Chiots Nordiques has worked alongside Indigenous communities to “offer sustainable solutions for the challenges of canine overpopulation in Indigenous communities throughout Quebec.” This year, 17 local volunteers helped sterilize 70 Mistissini-area dogs. The issue with stray dog overpopulations is that “their presence has significant implications for animal welfare, ecosystem health and public human health,” according to Chiots Nordiques. Given the lack of veterinary services, communities are often forced to deal with stray dogs that are generally sicker and more aggressive due to their living conditions. Besides the “spay and neuter” clinics, Chiots Nordiques delivers dry food to dogs in need, as well as transferring canines out of dangerous situations and into shelters. Dr. Daphnée Veilleux-Lemieux, president of Chiots Nordiques, said the clinic was a great success. “We came in 2019 and held the first clinic of its sort for

Mistissini,” Lemieux stated. “The actions were partially put on hold and became much more complex with the arrival of Covid-19 in 2020. It’s great to get back to it again, helping canines in these communities.” .

Kinew rescues Manitoba For the first time in Canada, voters have elected a First Nations person as a provincial premier. Leader Wab Kinew’s New Democratic Party won a majority of seats in the Manitoba legislature in the October 3 election, ousting the governing Progressive Conservatives of current premier Heather Stefanson, who resigned as party leader. Kinew, 41, is a former rapper, author, broadcaster and university administrator. He was raised on the Onigaming First Nation in northwestern Ontario, before moving to Winnipeg. Six years ago, he won the leadership of the Manitoba NDP. Kinew’s Indigenous identity is not the only striking aspect of his rise to power. This NDP victory disrupted an alliance of right-leaning provincial premiers, spanning from Alberta to the Maritimes. Healthcare was the emphasis in Kinew’s campaign. He reached out to

voters who had previously

In Brief

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Features

Food Grown Here

n w

o r G

by Patrick Quinn Local Journalism Initiative Reporter | Photos provided by Reggie Tomatuk

Chisasibi’s agriculture research dome empowers food sovereignty

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Chisasibi’s agriculture research dome empowers food sovereignty by Patrick Quinn Local Journalism Initiative Reporter Photos by Jason Stevens

he construction of a new geodesic agriculture research dome is gaining attention in Chisasibi. It’s the newest project of the growing Chisasibi Resource and Research Institute (CERRI), a community-driven project. The dome and an accompanying greenhouse to be built early next year aim to improve food sovereignty in Chisasibi, where grocery prices are high and accessing fresh produce is challenging. This summer’s fires underlined this urgency as closed roads prevented deliveries, resulting in empty shelves before plane shipments arrived. “This initial dome is our first attempt at experimenting with different ways of growing agriculture according to what the community would like to eat,” said Jason Stevens, CERRI’s environmental sustainability specialist. “We’re going to be experimenting with soil regeneration and hydroponics.” Stevens explained that any hydroponics project must be kept in a closed system, to avoid any synthetic fertilizer or pesticide from contaminating the environment or entering the food chain. With domes providing relatively efficient insulation, he hopes to keep it open year-round. “We’ll be able to have people visit in the winter and give workshops,” Stevens explained. “Even if the cost of heating is too much to be cost efficient for produce, we’re still able to experiment there year-round and welcome the community. This is not solely for food production – it’s to experiment with food production and engage with the community.” With the greenhouse’s anticipated opening next summer, community members will be invited to participate in developing collective gardens. Everyone is encouraged to help decide which crops to grow with guidance from the agriculture team,

learning as they go and sharing in the harvest. This community-driven input will inform the dome’s ongoing research into optimal growing techniques. While greenhouses can extend the growing season for summer crops like cucumbers and tomatoes, geodesic-shaped domes are designed to withstand harsher winter conditions. With solar-powered intake fans on the bottom and exhaust fans on the roof, thermal mass materials on the walls of CERRI’s dome absorb the sun’s heat to be released at night. “The sun reflects into a pool of water, which maintains heat during the night and releases humidity inside the dome,” Stevens told the Nation. “You can also use rocks as a thermal mass under the beds and blow hot air into the soil to minimize the heat you need. Still, when it gets really cold, you can’t eliminate heaters in this environment altogether.” While reaching sufficient warmth for crops like tomatoes will be impractical in winter, Stevens speculates that leafy greens will thrive. Geodesic domes are a less limited agricultural alternative than container farms, which have been increasingly popular in the Far North because their thick insulation, hydroponics and artificial light can sustain greens through long dark winters. Contributing to emerging agriculture research in Eeyou Istchee is a relatively recent initiative of CERRI, which was established in 2016 based on a “two-eyed seeing” paradigm that integrates western scientific methods with Cree traditional ecological knowledge. A key objective is training local youth to become the next generation of community researchers. “The research centre stems from looking at how my trapline has changed since La Grande [hydroelectric] complex,” said

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president George Lameboy. “The idea was to give some meaning to research to younger people, give that pride that they discovered working on their family’s trapline. The microscope can maybe pique the mind of some young Cree, with a different perspective and a touch of western science.” Research into coastal habitats of migratory birds has led to archaeological projects, fish population monitoring, climate-change analysis and even wastewater surveillance for Covid-19. Since Stevens joined CERRI about a year ago, his position has exponentially evolved according to community needs. 12

To regenerate the soil, he was tasked with developing a compost program for the whole community, which then needed to be integrated with the existing waste management system. Now Chisasibi has plans to offer home pickup for composting and replace its eco-centre that burned down. “Since a lot of soil around the city is sandy, the bigger challenge is looking at regenerative soil techniques to make the soil fertile without taking it from other spots,” explained Stevens. “Part of the experiment is to have people growing in their backyards – one idea was growing berries or rhubarb. Apparently, potatoes grow well in a sandy soil.”

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Although these attempts may not initially yield large harvests, the idea is to breathe life into the soil so future years will be progressively more productive. Stevens believes in the regenerative potential of compost tea, which involves combining a piece of compost wrapped like a teabag in a water bucket with air bubbles and molasses. Its microbes will double after two hours and within a day it can be sprayed onto soil to spread nutrients. The goal is that these initiatives take root in the community, so people start to help each other with their own projects and create ripples of new opportunities. When Stevens talked about seeking cer-

tain worms for vermicomposting, a local woman volunteered to provide them. If that project is successful and they multiply, he hopes to provide them to others and spark a chain reaction. There have already been discussions with the Cree Health Board about launching cooking workshops to introduce tasty ways of preparing vegetables like kale, which could lead to greater interest for growing it in the greenhouse. With a rooftop greenhouse at the soon-to-open high school, Stevens looks forward to supporting the next generation’s education in food security. The dome is just the first stage of empowering community members to

experiment with growing techniques, learning from mistakes to develop fresh and nutritious food close to home. Stevens said this could include attempts to expand berry growth in the wild or nurturing medicinal plants in local gardens. “One of the researchers wants to talk to people and see what’s in this area that they are foraging for,” said Stevens. “Maybe some of those plants people are using for teas, we can bring them back in the community. It’s always a work in progress but it’s meant to be. It’s not just about getting the result but equally important is learning how to do it.”

The idea is to breathe life into the soil so future years will be progressively more productive

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Innu artist Soleil Launière debuts her Taueu album Patrick Janke Quinn||Photo , Local Journalism by Joshua provided by Soleil Initiative Launière byReporter Patrick Quinn, Local Journalism Initiative Reporter

ulti-disciplinary artist Soleil Launière has released her debut album, Taueu, to widespread acclaim. Taueu (Innu-aimun for “to be in the middle”) has already been featured on Spotify’s curated playlist “Fresh Finds: Canada’s Best New Music” for two straight weeks since its mid-October release, while receiving high praise from numerous music critics in Quebec. Born in Mashteuiatsh, near Roberval in Lac Saint-Jean, Launière was raised by her Innu father and Québécois mother. Now living in Montreal, she uses her childhood memories of the land to explore her identity. Launière’s album lives up to its name by standing “in the middle” of many worlds by incorporating different languages, cultures and lands into her message. She straddles art genres by overlaying theatre, performance and singing. The album is a wave-making, multi-lingual production whose songs thrive in that wild and strange middle place. Accompanied by music director Simon Walls and the group Chances (Geneviève Toupin, Chloé Lacasse and Vincent Carré), Launière launched Taueu during Montreal’s Festival Phénomena at La Sala Rossa October 17. The festival promoted the album as “a bold, intriguing new project [that] explores a world of rhythm and vocal harmonies, touching on themes of language identity, two-spirit femininity, and territory.”

“It is as if she is standing within the cultural cross sections of Innu, Québécois and Canadian culture and singing her heart out, for all of us to listen,” one person commented. “Even though I did not understand most of the lyrics, the ones that I did have left a lasting impression because of how the overall performance made me feel comfortable in an unusual place,” stated another. By exploring themes of territory, femininity, gender identity and matriarchy, Launière applies her intersectional worldview with emotional intimacy to explain difficult topics in musical form. She allows language and verse to encourage and calm, not confuse, the listener with carefully selected lyrics and instruments. The increase of sound and images as the songs progress emphasize how the encounters in the album illuminate its lyrics and meaning. The accuracy with which the album combines three real languages and a fourth – a language invented by Launière – is a statement in itself. The four flow effortlessly with vocals that ooze with purposeful emotion. Her songs blend into a powerful artistic creation that reappropriates cultural identity and language. The first track, “Pimiteu”, features the voice of renowned Innu Joséphine Bacon, whose poetry and teaching of the Innu language reveal her life-long commitment to revitalizing Innu-aimun.

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The poetic interludes and dialogue that many of the songs begin with provide an atmosphere of self-reflection that encourages the listener to look into themselves, the land that they live on, and the people they share it with. Due to its conceptual value, Taueu should be listened to from start to finish. However, here are a few songs that are thought-provoking and exemplary of the album’s main themes of nature, identity, community and self. “Era Ew” starts slowly but builds momentum as it progresses, allowing the increase of instrument and emotional intensity to create a heartfelt homage to the territory and nature that Launière holds proudly at the centre of her identity and world. “Piekuakami” speaks about her childhood growing up on the shores of Lac Saint-Jean by combining beautiful images of nature and family intersecting in remarkable ways from an innocent yet insistent perspective. “MMIWG2S” focuses on a national tragedy by giving a voice to the missing and murdered Indigenous women who have fallen victim to systemic racism. “Two Spirit” is a deep and daring dive into Launière’s Two-Spirit identity. As Josée LaPointe wrote in La Presse, Launière “clearly put a lot of her soul into the album. From the beginning of the album’s first track, we know that we will enter a spiritual and poetic world.”

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Community

Housing concerns Complaint to health board spotlights poor lodgings for medical patient by Sakib Hossain

n a letter addressed to the Commissioner of Complaints for the Cree Health Board, Sarah Cowboy, Kenny Petawabano expressed concerns about the accommodation provided for his daughter, Sonia Petawabano, following her stroke and subsequent handicap in 2020. The complaint, delivered this summer, outlined the sequence of events that led to Sonia’s current living situation. Following her stroke in 2020, Sonia was medevaced to Montreal and received hospital care for four months. Upon her return to Chisasibi, her boyfriend’s house had been boarded up, rendering her homeless. Cree Patient Services assured Petawabano that they would provide lodging for Sonia. However, he contends, Sonia was placed in a residence that did not meet her needs. The living conditions became a source of discomfort for Sonia due to the presence of alcohol and drugs. Petawabano expressed his dissatisfaction with the Home and Community Care Program’s decision to place his daughter in this residence, describing it as unprofessional with staff who lacked proper training. In addition, Sonia was promised an apartment suitable for a handicapped individual with her two children. In 2020, the Home and Community Care Program allocated four apartment dwellings for their clients; however, Sonia was not included in this program. Petawabano

said the decision reflected a belief by the Cree Health Board that they could act above the law in health-related matters within Chisasibi. Petawabano emphasized that Sonia was made to feel like an outsider and that there was a communication breakdown with the Cree Health Board. He highlighted that Sonia had slipped into depression due to unfulfilled promises. At press time of writing this article, Petawabano said that they had been

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promised an apartment but were still waiting. The complaint listed several issues, including neglect, violation of human rights, and what Petawabano perceived as Cree prejudice against his daughter, despite her status as a member of the Cree Nation of Chisasibi. The Cree Health Board has yet to release an official statement in response to the complaint.

For women and children of Eeyou Istchee suffering from domestic violence

CRISIS LINE

HEL

Toll Free | Open 24/7

1 855 753-2094 creehealth.org/services/womens-shelters-robins-net

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If you are an Indigenous woman of Eeyou Istchee and you are seeking safety and support, we are here to help you!

If you need emotional support or to learn about all the services available to you, please contact us:

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CREE NATION

ADVERTORIAL

TARA: EMPOWERED TO

COMPLETE HER DREAMS Tara, 31, grew up on Christian Island in Beausoleil First Nation. She worked there as a special needs resource teacher at the local daycare. Wanting to gain more skills for her job, Tara entered the Early Childhood Education program through the online campus at Algonquin College (AC Online) in 2022. Today, Tara is a proud graduate who is working in her field. As a mother of five with a full-time job, Tara faced plenty of obstacles on the path to graduation. Although the program was accessible online, she lived on the reserve, where she struggled to get good connectivity. Time management and technological limits stood as barriers to her goals. Fortunately, Tara says the virtual facilitators at AC Online were “amazing.” She points out that they understood her background living on the reserve and helped her cope with the challenges of her circumstances. Balancing the demands of her job, her studies, and her hectic family life, AC Online offered her flexibility and support. “I feel like the education on our reserve… it’s not where it should be,” Tara said in an interview with AC Online. She believes that many students get discouraged in high school. She particularly empathizes with Indigenous women, who may feel a certain pressure to remain at home, with their children. For Tara, First Nations women such as herself should feel “empowered to complete their dreams.” In her view, at times, young mothers may experience pres-

“I am proud of the barriers I have overcome”

sure to sacrifice their studies to look after their children. However, Tara wanted to enhance her skills as a teacher both for herself and her children’s future. What’s more, her achievements may serve as inspiration for them, as well as others within her community. Her college journey helps lay the groundwork for the advancement of the next generation. She said that she wants to show everyone in her community that through perseverance they can “push through anything.” Algonquin College’s online campus is uniquely equipped to help working mothers juggling numerous responsibilities. Though its coursework may be rigorous, it offers a network of support, from facilitators and classmates alike. With more than 80 full-time and parttime program options, and over 800 courses, students can obtain a complete post-secondary education without scheduled in-person sessions or class times, while receiving the same quality staff assistance they would expect from a physical campus. What’s more, Algonquin’s Mamidosewin Centre provides academic, career and personal support to its Indigenous students. Like every other Algonquin College student, AC Online students have access to oncampus amenities, including a smudging location.

To watch the interview open your camera app and scan this code. algonquincollege.com/future-students/explore-online

Puzzles

Crossword

by Margie E. Burke

ACROSS 1 Come to pass 14 6 Poor, as 17 excuses go 10 Clothing closure 20 14 Yours, in old 23 days 15 Last year's 25 senior 16 Fast feline 29 30 31 17 Buttermilk, to 34 Dale Evans 18 Now and then 38 37 20 Step up, as a 42 43 conflict 22 Gerbil or gopher 45 23 Library patrons 50 51 24 Flamingo, for one 53 25 Caesar's 700 56 26 Garden of the Gods state 59 29 Nuts and berries, e.g. 33 File folder feature 52 Lip affliction 34 Wheel shaft 53 Fit to live in 35 Mathis song 55 Dressed to the "Chances ___" ____ 36 Extinct flightless 56 Civil rights org. bird 57 Herbal brews 37 Seven, on some 58 Pole vault, e.g. clocks 59 Regard 38 Stick here and 60 Whirling water there 61 Staff symbols 42 1953 film, "From Here to _____" DOWN 44 Sculler's need 1 Catchall 45 Janet Jackson category hit of 1986 2 Selected 46 Plymouth 3 Roughly, datecolonist, e.g. wise 50 "Boston Legal" 4 Strip a horse? actor James 5 Keep in office 1

ere’s another edition of the Nation’s puzzle page. Try your hand at Sudoku or Str8ts or our Crossword, or better yet, solve all three and send us a photo!* As always, the answers from last issue are here for you to check your work. Happy hunting.

PREVIOUS SOLUTION:

Solution to Crossword: M A L T H E D G E S L O B A L A R E X E R T P O N E M E T A A P P E A R A N C E E D G E S A R T I L L E R Y R E S A L E S T E N O S P O T S C A R P A L B I S E C T A C E S A G E P E E R I N G T U R T L E S E R A E Y E L I D O N E S M A N A G E I D E A L M A D A M E P L A C E N E R V E C E L L O R B I T A R I D M A I D E N N A M E A U D I T L I N E A C T S N E S T B L E S S L E E R

Medium

3 8

Previous solution - Easy

1 4 5 6 6 5 3 4 8 7 7 8 9

8 2

19 22

21 24 26

32 35

44 46

52 55

54 57

6 Wears well 7 Succulent plant 8 It's the word 9 Oz's ____ City 10 Itsy-bitsy thing 11 Part of a fraction 12 Mane anagram 13 Yesteryear 19 Big deals 21 Rainbow shape 24 Serenader, maybe 26 Feldman of "Stand by Me" 27 Belonging to father 28 Orchestral reed 29 "___ you heard?"

7 2 9

4 3 2 3 2 1 4 3 2 7 5 7 9 7 6 8 6 5 4 9 6 8 5

5 6 7 9 9 8 8 6

6 8 9 7 8

4 2 3 3 1 2 5 4 3 4 3 7

No. 675

Very Hard

5 8 6 3 7 6 8 9 4 1

30 Way out 31 Able to be transferred 32 Like some acids 36 Contemptuous 38 Atlas feature 39 Fertilizer 40 Motown music 41 Cowboy's pal 43 Curies' find 46 Verse in olden days 47 Vocal qualities 48 "___ we all?" 49 High homes 50 Caviar fish 51 Set the ___ 52 Outfitted 54 Garden plot

5 4

8 You can find more help, tips and hints at www.str8ts.com

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5 1 4 2 9 7 8 6 3

How to beat Str8ts – Like Sudoku, no single number can repeat in any row or column. But... rows and columns are divided by black squares into compartments. These need to be filled in with numbers that complete a ‘straight’. A straight is a set of numbers with no gaps but can be in any order, eg [4,2,3,5]. Clues in black cells remove that number as an option in that row and column, and are not part of any straight. Glance at the solution to The solutions will be published here in the next issue. see how ‘straights’ are formed.

2 5 9

Previous solution - Tough

9 8 5

SUDOKU

No. 675

8 8 4 5 2 3

STR8TS

8 9 3 6 5 1 2 4 7

7 6 2 3 8 4 5 9 1

1 2 9 7 6 8 4 3 5

6 4 5 9 2 3 1 7 8

3 8 7 4 1 5 9 2 6

2 5 6 8 3 9 7 1 4

4 3 8 1 7 2 6 5 9

9 7 1 5 4 6 3 8 2

To complete Sudoku, fill the board by entering numbers 1 to 9 such that each row, column and 3x3 box contains every number uniquely. For many strategies, hints and tips, visit www.sudokuwiki.org If you like Str8ts check out our books, iPhone/iPad Apps and much more on our store.

TTT Rez Notes

Mind mush by Sonny Orr

was working on my tent-frame cabin, which was due for some maintenance, to put some tiles on the wooden floor. When I gazed upwards to inspect my threadbare canvas roof, I noticed it had a long tear. Back in town that evening, I found someone tall enough to help me. As I readied myself for bed that night, I envisioned how I was going to do the rest of the tiles. I figured out a system of mobbing, cleaning, then vacuuming and finally blowing out the dust and dirt in that wooden floor, before laying down the first tile. I finally dropped off and the next morning over a cup of coffee, I planned the packing and got ready for the short trip to camp. After getting gasoline and something to quench my thirst, I headed out to the camp with a nephew. “Remember,” I tell him, “Tie that plastic tarp to the end of a long stick and pass it over the tent against the wind.” Amazingly the tactic worked, and we busied ourselves with stapling the tarp firmly to the frame. With the last staple done, an unfamiliar sound of snowflakes mixed with rain fell onto the roof and we felt pleased with ourselves knowing that we just staved off future problems. We returned to town talking about how smoothly everything went and how quickly we got it done. Wow, something went the way it was planned. The following morning, I head to camp to warm up and dry out the floor that got wet last month. I start calculating

the number of tiles needed and where the central point was to start the project. Finally, after a few minor calculation errors, I used the square to get the work rolling. An hour later, after some whistling and a lot of cursing, I noticed wet drops on the new tiles I just laid down. What the heck! I checked the new plastic tarp for any visible holes or tears. Nope, nothing. I go back in as it was raining a bit harder. I threw a few more logs into the wood stove and got back to work. Meanwhile, the wet spots kept reappearing. Eventually, I identified the sweat dripping off my forehead as the culprit. Sweat, it’s been a while since I last saw you. It felt good having some muscle ache again, but only for a moment. As the soreness increased, it made me wish for less pain and more gain, but the damage was done to my tired body. I hope this temporary fix will last the winter, so I don’t have to return and shovel out everything after a violent winter storm. As I got ready to head home again, it felt good knowing that I actually worked on something physical that didn’t involve a gymnasium with a lot of mirrors to make you feel guilty and body shamed. I think back to the time when I could laugh off 12 hours of hard work and still go to the gym for a few more hours. Ahhh, the useless times when body image was everything, mainly because that was all we had back in the day. I don’t think jean jackets and bell-bottom pants

were meant to accentuate your physique other than to make fun of it. Unless of course, you were stuck in the 1970s, which was half a century ago. Come to think of it, it is a little hard to remember those days. But it’s astounding to think that the average grade school kid and anyone born this century has more knowledge about dinosaurs than they do of the history of their own town, or of their own family. Many times, after talking about my parents, grandparent and great-grandparents and even my great-great-grandparents, I’m told that I’m lucky to know so much about my family and about history in general. I’m proud to say that I still remember my grade school education. Hey, does anyone know what a topographical map is? Or how to write in phonetics? Or read cursive? I digress, it’s just that there wasn’t so much to know about, so you had to know it inside and out. Today, there’s more information than what the human mind could absorb. So, our own history will soon be forgotten, lost due to the last power outage that fried nearly every transformer in town. No, not the living robots. I’m talking about those pail-like objects that are stuck to every other hydro pole in town. Yeah, so much information will just clog up the brain, like a toilet that hasn’t been flushed in a month. In another half century, we will be mindless idiots stuck to a screen. Wait a minute, aren’t we already like that?

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UTNS

Under the Northern Sky

Take care on winter roads

by Xavier Kataquapit

inter is fast approaching, and I worry about family members and friends in northern Ontario who deal with the treacherous conditions on our highways during the snowy season. I have been driving these roads, mostly on Highway 11 and the 400 series, for the past 25 years. I have seen conditions become even more dangerous over that time as the traffic in transport commercial trucks increased. There are many accidents involving commercial trucks on Highway 11, and it is getting to the point that I and most friends and family will not venture out onto the highways when the weather is not so great. Thirty years ago, not many people from up the James Bay coast owned vehicles that they drove on highways in the south. That has changed with better winter road access to the south and as my people find better opportunities for employment that enable them to afford vehicles. Now it is normal to see family and friends hitting the highways to tour the province and beyond in all seasons. This is fantastic in many ways but at the same time there is always the danger of an accident with so much traffic on our highways and the huge number of transport trucks on the road. I find it even more worrying during the winter months when people drive south on the winter roads. In Ontario last year, 359 people died in motor vehicle accidents. Canada sees about 160,000 car accidents annually and more than 2,000 die in those mishaps. We should keep in mind that it takes up to 10 times longer to stop on snow and ice than it does on dry pavement. A four-

Keep in mind that it takes up to 10 times longer to stop on snow and ice than it does on dry pavement wheel drive can be good to get a vehicle to cope with deep snow or slippery surfaces at low speed, but they do not stop much faster than a regular front- or rearwheel drive vehicle. The four-wheel drive vehicles are also usually heavier, which requires more distance to stop. Many of my family and friends have four-wheel drive trucks and SUVs and they are under the false impression these vehicles are safer in snowy and icy winter conditions. The Ontario Provincial Police attended 9,110 transport truck-related crashes in 2022 and that number was the highest provincial total in more than a decade. Ontario privatized winter highway maintenance in 2000 under the Conservative government at the time. The province began turning over winter maintenance work to private contractors in the 1980s and by 2000, it was all taken over by them. This was kept in place during subsequent Liberal governments. Decades ago, the highway road maintenance and snow removal were the responsibility of the government and making a profit was not a concern when it came to keeping citizens safe on our roads. These days this is done by companies dedicated to making a profit and that

does not always guarantee making critical choices to protect the public. Perhaps there is message here for those wanting to support the privatization of our healthcare system. Some tips I received from a long-time highway grader operator a few years back have helped me in making decisions on when to travel the highways. My friend Phil Heneberry, who has since passed, told me long ago not to hit the road in the winter until later in the morning if there was a snowstorm that night, as this gives the plows, graders, sanders and salt trucks time to get out and improve highway conditions. He also suggested that when it is very cold, like -30 or -40 and windy, we should be aware that sand and salt will often not stick well to the highways and that you might be travelling on more of an ice rink than a good road surface when this happens. He also advised checking the surface of the road you are driving on to determine just how slippery it is. I have known too many people who headed out for that important trip in bad weather on icy roads and ended up dead or badly injured. Stay safe this winter.

MESSAGE TO ALL COMMUNITIES’

2024 Edition

MEMBERS OF EEYOU ISTCHEE

PLEASE CALL US

Meegwetch to inform us of any changes to your contact information for the upcoming James Bay Cree Phone Book.

NOVEMBER 15

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BEFORE

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ᐊᔨᒧᐎᓐ ᐊᔨᒧᐎᓐ ᐋ ᐋ ᒥᔨᐙᓂᐅᒡ ᒥᔨᐙᓂᐅᒡ ᐆ ᐆ ᐆᐋ ᐋ ᐋ ᐅᑎ ᐅᑎ ᐅᑎᒋᐱᔨᒡ ᒋᐱᔨᒡ ᒋᐱᔨᒡᐊᓂᑎ ᐊᓂᑎ ᐊᓂᑎ ᐊᑎᐱᔨ ᐊᑎᐱᔨ ᐊᑎᐱᔨ ᐊᔨᒧᐎᓐ ᐋ ᒥᔨᐙᓂᐅᒡ ᒡ ᒡᒡᑳ ᑳᑳ ᒥᓯᓂ ᒥᓯᓂ ᐆᓱᓈᓂᐅᒡ ᐆᓱᓈᓂᐅᒡ ᒋᒥᔅ ᒋᒥᔅ ᒋᒥᔅ ᐯᐃ ᐯᐃ ᐯᐃ ᑭᔮ ᑭᔮ ᑭᔮ ᐊᑎᒫᐲᓯᒻ ᐊᑎᒫᐲᓯᒻ ᐊᑎᒫᐲᓯᒻᑯᐯᒃ ᑯᐯᒃ ᑯᐯᒃᓂᔅᑯᒧᐎᓐ ᓂᔅᑯᒧᐎᓐ ᓂᔅᑯᒧᐎᓐ ᒥᓯᓂ ᐆᓱᓈᓂᐅᒡ ᑭᔅᑭᑎᓐ ᑭᔅᑭᑎᓐ ᐲᓯᒻ ᐲᓯᒻ 11 11 ᐋᑯᑎᐦ ᐋᑯᑎᐦ ᒑᐦᒋᒋᓂᐙᒋᐦᒋᐲᔨᓐ ᒑᐦᒋᒋᓂᐙᒋᐦᒋᐲᔨᓐ48 48 48ᑎᐦᑐ ᑎᐦᑐ ᑎᐦᑐᐱᐳᓐᐦ ᐱᐳᓐᐦ ᐱᐳᓐᐦᐊᑎᐱᔨᒡ ᐊᑎᐱᔨᒡ ᐊᑎᐱᔨᒡ ᐃᔥᐱᔥ ᐃᔥᐱᔥ ᒥᓯᓂᐦᐆᓲᓈᓂᐅᒡ ᒥᓯᓂᐦᐆᓲᓈᓂᐅᒡ ᒋᒥᔅ ᐯᐃ ᑭᔮᐦ ᑭᔅᑭᑎᓐ ᐲᓯᒻ 11 ᐋᑯᑎᐦ ᒑᐦᒋᒋᓂᐙᒋᐦᒋᐲᔨᓐ ᑳ ᑳᑳ ᐃᔥᐱᔥ ᒥᓯᓂᐦᐆᓲᓈᓂᐅᒡ ᒋᒥᔅᒋᒥᔅ ᐯᐃᐯᐃ ᑭᔮᐦᑭᔮᐦ ᐊᑎᒫᐲᓯᒽ ᐊᑎᒫᐲᓯᒽ ᑯᐯᒃ ᑯᐯᒃ ᓂᔅᑰᒧᐎᓐ᙮ ᓂᔅᑰᒧᐎᓐ᙮ ᐊᑯᑎᐦ ᐊᑯᑎᐦ ᐊᑯᑎᐦ ᐊᓐ ᐊᓐ ᐊᓐᑳᔑᑳᒡ ᑳᔑᑳᒡ ᑳᔑᑳᒡᒑᒑᒑᒋᔅᒋᔨᐦᒄ ᒋᔅᒋᔨᐦᒄ ᒋᔅᒋᔨᐦᒄᒋᔮᓂᐤ ᒋᔮᓂᐤ ᒋᔮᓂᐤᐆᐆᐆᐊᑎᔅᑳᓈᓯᔨᐦᒄ, ᐊᑎᔅᑳᓈᓯᔨᐦᒄ, ᐊᑎᔅᑳᓈᓯᔨᐦᒄ, ᐋ ᒌᒪᓯᐦᑖᔨᐦᒄ ᒌ ᒪᓯᐦᑖᔨᐦᒄ ᒪᓯᐦᑖᔨᐦᒄ ᑭᔮᐦ ᐊᑎᒫᐲᓯᒽ ᑯᐯᒃ ᓂᔅᑰᒧᐎᓐ᙮ ᐋ ᐋᒌ ᑭᔮᐦᑭᔮᐦ ᐋ ᐋ ᒌᐋ ᒌᒌ ᐱᑯᐦᑖᔨᐦᒄ ᐱᑯᐦᑖᔨᐦᒄ ᐊᓐ ᐊᓐ ᑭᔅᒋᐦᐅᐎᓐ ᑭᔅᒋᐦᐅᐎᓐ ᐋ ᐄᔮᔨᐦᒄ ᐄᔮᔨᐦᒄᐅᑎ ᐅᑎ ᐅᑎ ᐆᐆᐆᐊᔅᒌ ᐊᔅᒌ ᐊᔅᒌᑭᔮᐦ ᑭᔮᐦ ᑭᔮᐦᒑᒑᒑᒌᐦᒌᐦᒌᐦᒥᒫᐦᒋᑯᓂᒥᐦᒄ ᒥᒫᐦᒋᑯᓂᒥᐦᒄ ᒥᒫᐦᒋᑯᓂᒥᐦᒄ ᐊᓐ ᐃᓯᓈᑯᐦᒡ ᐃᓯᓈᑯᐦᒡ ᐱᒫᑎᓯᐎᓐ ᐱᒫᑎᓯᐎᓐ ᐱᑯᐦᑖᔨᐦᒄ ᐊᓐ ᑭᔅᒋᐦᐅᐎᓐ ᐋᐋ ᐄᔮᔨᐦᒄ ᐊᓐᐊᓐ ᑳ ᑳᑳᐃᓯᓈᑯᐦᒡ ᐱᒫᑎᓯᐎᓐ ᐋ ᐋᐋ ᐃᔮᔨᐦᒄ ᐃᔮᔨᐦᒄ ᐊᓐ ᐊᓐ ᑭᔅᒋᐦᐅᐎᓐ ᑭᔅᒋᐦᐅᐎᓐ ᐋ ᐋ ᒌ ᒌ ᐱᑯᐦᑣᓱᔨᐦᒄ ᐱᑯᐦᑣᓱᔨᐦᒄ ᐅᑖᐦ ᐅᑖᐦ ᐃᔑ ᐃᔑ ᓂᔅᑖᒥᐦᒡ᙮ ᓂᔅᑖᒥᐦᒡ᙮ ᐃᔮᔨᐦᒄ ᐊᓐ ᑭᔅᒋᐦᐅᐎᓐ ᐋ ᒌ ᐱᑯᐦᑣᓱᔨᐦᒄ ᐅᑖᐦ ᐃᔑ ᓂᔅᑖᒥᐦᒡ᙮ ᐆᐆ ᑳᑳ ᐸᒋ ᐸᒋ ᓂᐱᐦᒡ, ᓂᐱᐦᒡ, ᒋᔮᓂᐤ ᒋᔮᓂᐤ ᐆᐆ ᐊᑎᔅᑳᓈᓯᔨᐦᒄ ᐊᑎᔅᑳᓈᓯᔨᐦᒄ ᐊᑎᔅᑳᓈᓯᔨᐦᒄᒋᒋᑰᒀᒋᐦᐄᑯᓈᓂᐤ ᒋᒋᑰᒀᒋᐦᐄᑯᓈᓂᐤ ᒋᒋᑰᒀᒋᐦᐄᑯᓈᓂᐤᑭᔮᐦ ᑭᔮᐦ ᑭᔮᐦᒋᒋᐙᐱᐦᑖᓈᓂᐆᐤ; ᒋᒋᐙᐱᐦᑖᓈᓂᐆᐤ; ᒋᒋᐙᐱᐦᑖᓈᓂᐆᐤ; ᐎᔨᐦᑖᒡ ᐎᔨᐦᑖᒡ ᐊᓂᑖᐦ ᐊᓂᑖᐦ ᐋ ᒥᔅᑎᑯᔅᑳᒡ ᒥᔅᑎᑯᔅᑳᒡ ᐸᒋ ᓂᐱᐦᒡ, ᒋᔮᓂᐤ ᐋ ᐋᐋ ᐎᔨᐦᑖᒡ ᐊᓂᑖᐦ ᐋ ᐋ ᒥᔅᑎᑯᔅᑳᒡ ᐅᑎ ᐅᑎ ᒋᑎᔅᒌᓈᐦᒡ, ᒋᑎᔅᒌᓈᐦᒡ, ᐋ ᑯᔅᐱᓈᒋᐦᐄᑯᒡ ᒋᑎᐦᑖᐎᓂᐤᐦ ᒋᑎᐦᑖᐎᓂᐤᐦ ᒋᑎᐦᑖᐎᓂᐤᐦᑭᔮᐦ ᑭᔮᐦ ᑭᔮᐦᒋᑏᔨᔨᒥᓂᐎᒡ᙮ ᒋᑏᔨᔨᒥᓂᐎᒡ᙮ ᒋᑏᔨᔨᒥᓂᐎᒡ᙮ ᒋᒥᔅᑯᓯᐎᓂᐤᐦ ᒋᒥᔅᑯᓯᐎᓂᐤᐦ ᒋᒥᔅᑯᓯᐎᓂᐤᐦ ᐊᑯᑎᐦ ᐊᑯᑎᐦ ᑳ ᐅᐦᑎᓂᒥᐦᒄ ᐅᐦᑎᓂᒥᐦᒄ ᐊᓂᑎᐦ ᐊᓂᑎᐦ ᒋᑎᔅᒌᓈᐦᒡ, ᐋᐋ ᒌᒌᒌ ᑯᔅᐱᓈᒋᐦᐄᑯᒡ ᑯᔅᐱᓈᒋᐦᐄᑯᒡ ᐊᑯᑎᐦ ᑳ ᑳᐅᐦᑎᓂᒥᐦᒄ ᐊᓂᑎᐦ ᐋ ᐋᐋ ᒫᒨᑳᐱᐅᔅᑎᒥᐦᒄ ᒫᒨᑳᐱᐅᔅᑎᒥᐦᒄ ᑭᔮᐦ ᑭᔮᐦ ᐋ ᐆᐙᓯᐱᔨᐦᑖᔨᐦᒄᐊᓂᑎᐦ ᐊᓂᑎᐦ ᐊᓂᑎᐦᐙᐦᒋ ᐙᐦᒋ ᐙᐦᒋᒌᓵᐳᔅᑭᒥᐦᒄ ᒌᓵᐳᔅᑭᒥᐦᒄ ᒌᓵᐳᔅᑭᒥᐦᒄᐆᐆᐆᑳ ᑳᑳ ᐃᔅᐱᔨᐦᐄᑯᔨᐦᒄ ᐃᔅᐱᔨᐦᐄᑯᔨᐦᒄ ᑳ ᐸᒋ ᐸᒋ ᓂᐱᐦᒡ᙮ ᓂᐱᐦᒡ᙮ᐋ ᐋᐋ ᒫᒨᑳᐱᐅᔅᑎᒥᐦᒄ ᑭᔮᐦ ᐋᐋ ᐆᐙᓯᐱᔨᐦᑖᔨᐦᒄ ᐆᐙᓯᐱᔨᐦᑖᔨᐦᒄ ᐃᔅᐱᔨᐦᐄᑯᔨᐦᒄ ᑳ ᑳᐸᒋ ᓂᐱᐦᒡ᙮ ᒫᒨᑳᐱᐎᔨᐦᒄ ᐋᐅᒄ ᐄᔮᐱᒡ ᒌ ᒌᒌ ᐆᐙᔨᐦᔅᑖᔨᐦᒄ ᐊᓐᐊᓐ ᑳ ᑳᐃᔑ ᓂᒋᔅᑭᒥᐦᒄ ᐋᑳ ᐋᑳ ᒫᒨᑳᐱᐎᔨᐦᒄ ᒫᒨᑳᐱᐎᔨᐦᒄ ᐋᐅᒄ ᐋᐅᒄ ᐄᔮᐱᒡ ᐄᔮᐱᒡ ᐊᔅᑯ ᐊᔅᑯ ᒑᒑᒑ ᐊᐱᒋᐦᑖᔨᐦᒄ ᐊᐱᒋᐦᑖᔨᐦᒄ ᐊᐱᒋᐦᑖᔨᐦᒄᐋᐋᐋᒥᔅᑰᑳᐱᐎᔨᐦᒄ ᒥᔅᑰᑳᐱᐎᔨᐦᒄ ᒥᔅᑰᑳᐱᐎᔨᐦᒄᒥᓐᒥᓐ ᒥᓐᒑ ᒑᒑ ᐆᐙᔨᐦᔅᑖᔨᐦᒄ ᐆᐙᔨᐦᔅᑖᔨᐦᒄ ᐊᓐ ᑳ ᐃᔑ ᐃᔑ ᓂᒋᔅᑭᒥᐦᒄ ᓂᒋᔅᑭᒥᐦᒄ ᐋᑳ ᐅᐦᒋ ᐃᔑ ᐃᔑ ᐄᔮᔅᑯᐎᔅᑕᑭᓂᐅᒡ ᐅᐦᒋ ᐃᔑ ᐄᔮᔅᑯᐎᔅᑕᑭᓂᐅᒡ ᐄᔮᔅᑯᐎᔅᑕᑭᓂᐅᒡ ᐋᐋ ᐎᐦᑖᒡ ᐎᐦᑖᒡ ᐎᐦᑖᒡᐊᔅᒌᐦᒡ ᐊᔅᒌᐦᒡ ᐊᔅᒌᐦᒡᐋᐋᐋᒥᔅᑎᑯᔅᑳᒡ᙮ ᒥᔅᑎᑯᔅᑳᒡ᙮ ᒥᔅᑎᑯᔅᑳᒡ᙮ ᐹᒋ ᐱᐳᐦᒡ ᐃᔅᐱᔅ ᐆ ᐆᐆ ᒋᔮᓂᐤ ᐊᑎᔅᑳᓈᓯᔨᐦᒄ ᑳ ᑳᑳ ᐹᒋ ᐱᐳᐦᒡ ᐱᐳᐦᒡ ᐃᔅᐱᔅ ᐃᔅᐱᔅ 1975 1975 ᑭᔮᐦ ᑭᔮᐦ ᑭᔮᐦᐋᔅᑰ ᐋᔅᑰ ᐋᔅᑰᒫᓐ ᒫᓐ ᒫᓐᐋᐋᐋᒌᒌᒌᒥᓯᓂᐦᐆᓱᓈᓂᐅᒡ ᒥᓯᓂᐦᐆᓱᓈᓂᐅᒡ ᒥᓯᓂᐦᐆᓱᓈᓂᐅᒡᓂᔅᑯᒧᐎᓐᐦ, ᓂᔅᑯᒧᐎᓐᐦ, ᓂᔅᑯᒧᐎᓐᐦ, ᒋᔮᓂᐤ ᒋᔮᓂᐤ ᐊᑎᔅᑳᓈᓯᔨᐦᒄ ᐊᑎᔅᑳᓈᓯᔨᐦᒄ ᐆᐆ ᑳᑳ ᐹᒋ ᐱᑯᐦᑣᓱᔨᐦᒄ ᒋᔮᓂᐤ ᑎᐹᓐ ᒑ ᒑᒌᐦ ᐆᐙᑎᔅᑖᔨᐦᒄ ᒋᑎᐹᔨᒋᒑᐎᓂᐤᐦ ᒑ ᒑᒑ ᐱᑯᐦᑣᓱᔨᐦᒄ ᐱᑯᐦᑣᓱᔨᐦᒄ ᒋᔮᓂᐤ ᒋᔮᓂᐤ ᑎᐹᓐ ᑎᐹᓐ ᒑᒑ ᒌᐦᒌᐦ ᐱᒥᐲᐦᐃᓱᔨᐦᒄ, ᐱᒥᐲᐦᐃᓱᔨᐦᒄ, ᐱᒥᐲᐦᐃᓱᔨᐦᒄ,ᒑᒑᒑᒌᒌᒌᐅᒋᒫᐦᑭᐦᑎᒥᐦᒄ, ᐅᒋᒫᐦᑭᐦᑎᒥᐦᒄ, ᐅᒋᒫᐦᑭᐦᑎᒥᐦᒄ,ᑭᔮᐦ ᑭᔮᐦ ᑭᔮᐦ ᒑ ᒌᐦᒌᐦ ᐆᐙᑎᔅᑖᔨᐦᒄ ᐆᐙᑎᔅᑖᔨᐦᒄ ᒋᑎᐹᔨᒋᒑᐎᓂᐤᐦ ᒋᑎᐹᔨᒋᒑᐎᓂᐤᐦ ᐃᔑᓈᑯᐦᒡ ᒌᐦ ᑐᑎᒫᑖᐦᒡ ᒫᒨᑳᐳᔅᑎᒥᐦᒄ ᓂᒧᐃ ᒥᒄ ᒥᒄ ᐊᓐ ᐋ ᐋᐋ ᐃᔑᓈᑯᐦᒡ ᐃᔑᓈᑯᐦᒡ ᒑᒑᒑ ᒌᐦ ᒌᐦ ᑐᑎᒫᑖᐦᒡ ᑐᑎᒫᑖᐦᒡ ᒑᒀᓐ, ᒑᒀᓐ, ᒑᒀᓐ, ᒋᔨᐙᐤ ᒋᔨᐙᐤ ᒋᔨᐙᐤᐄᔨᔨᐅᒡ ᐄᔨᔨᐅᒡ ᐄᔨᔨᐅᒡᐅᑎᐦ ᐅᑎᐦ ᐅᑎᐦᐄᔨᔨᐤ ᐄᔨᔨᐤ ᐄᔨᔨᐤᐊᔅᒌᐦᒡ᙮ ᐊᔅᒌᐦᒡ᙮ ᐊᔅᒌᐦᒡ᙮ ᐋᐋᐋ ᒫᒨᑳᐳᔅᑎᒥᐦᒄ ᒫᒨᑳᐳᔅᑎᒥᐦᒄ ᓂᒧᐃ ᓂᒧᐃ ᒥᒄ ᐊᓐ ᐊᓐ ᐙᐎᒋᐦᐄᑐᔨᐦᒄ ᐋ ᐋᔨᒥᐦᒡ ᐋᐋ ᐅᑎᐦᑎᐦᐆᑯᔨᐦᒄ ᒌᐦᒌᐦᒌᐦ ᐱᑯᐦᑣᓱᔨᐦᒄ ᒋᔮᓂᐤ ᒑ ᒑ ᒌᐦᒑ ᒌᐦ ᐱᒥᐲᐦᑖᐊᔨᐦᒄ ᐙᐎᒋᐦᐄᑐᔨᐦᒄ ᐙᐎᒋᐦᐄᑐᔨᐦᒄ ᐋ ᐋ ᐋᔨᒥᐦᒡ ᐋᔨᒥᐦᒡ ᐋ ᐅᑎᐦᑎᐦᐆᑯᔨᐦᒄ ᐅᑎᐦᑎᐦᐆᑯᔨᐦᒄᐊᔨᐅᐦᐤ ᐊᔨᐅᐦᐤ ᐊᔨᐅᐦᐤᐋᐋᐋᒌᒌᒌᐃᔑᓈᑯᐦᒡ ᐃᔑᓈᑯᐦᒡ ᐃᔑᓈᑯᐦᒡᒑ ᒑᒑ ᐱᑯᐦᑣᓱᔨᐦᒄ ᐱᑯᐦᑣᓱᔨᐦᒄ ᒋᔮᓂᐤ ᒋᔮᓂᐤ ᒌᐦ ᐱᒥᐲᐦᑖᐊᔨᐦᒄ ᐱᒥᐲᐦᑖᐊᔨᐦᒄ ᒥᔪᐱᒫᑎᓯᐎᓐ ᑭᔮ ᒋᔅᑯᑎᒫᒑᐎᓐ, ᐋ ᐋᐋ ᒌ ᒌᓂᑎᐙᔨᐦᑖᑯᐦᒡ ᐊᓂᑎᐦ ᒑ ᒌᐦ ᒥᔪᐱᒫᑎᓯᐎᓐ ᒥᔪᐱᒫᑎᓯᐎᓐ ᑭᔮ ᑭᔮ ᒋᔅᑯᑎᒫᒑᐎᓐ, ᒋᔅᑯᑎᒫᒑᐎᓐ, ᐋ ᐋᐋ ᒌᐦ ᒌᐦᒌᐦᐅᐦᑎᓂᒥᐦᒄ ᐅᐦᑎᓂᒥᐦᒄ ᐅᐦᑎᓂᒥᐦᒄᒋᑎᐦᑖᐎᓈᐦᒡ ᒋᑎᐦᑖᐎᓈᐦᒡ ᒋᑎᐦᑖᐎᓈᐦᒡᒑ ᒑᒑᒌᐦᒌᐦᒌᐦᐎᔨᑳᐳᐎᒡ ᐎᔨᑳᐳᐎᒡ ᐎᔨᑳᐳᐎᒡ ᒌ ᓂᑎᐙᔨᐦᑖᑯᐦᒡ ᓂᑎᐙᔨᐦᑖᑯᐦᒡ ᐊᓂᑎᐦ ᐊᓂᑎᐦ ᒑᒑ ᒌᐦᒌᐦ ᐅᐦᒋ ᐱᑳᔅᒋᐦᐎᒡ ᒋᑏᐃᔨᒥᓂᐅᒡ, ᑭᔮᐦ ᒫᒃ ᐊᓐ ᐊᔥᒡ ᐄᔮᐱᒡ ᒑ ᒌᐦ ᐅᐦᒋ ᑐᑎᒥᐦᒄ ᐊᓐ ᑳ ᐃᔑᓈᑯᐦᒡ ᒋᐱᒫᑎᓯᐎᓂᐤ ᐊᓂᑖᐦ ᐅᐦᒋ ᐅᐦᒋ ᐱᑳᔅᒋᐦᐎᒡ ᐱᑳᔅᒋᐦᐎᒡ ᒋᑏᐃᔨᒥᓂᐅᒡ, ᒋᑏᐃᔨᒥᓂᐅᒡ, ᑭᔮᐦ ᑭᔮᐦ ᒫᒃ ᒫᒃ ᐊᓐ ᐊᓐ ᐊᔥᒡ ᐊᔥᒡ ᐄᔮᐱᒡ ᐄᔮᐱᒡ ᒑᒑ ᒌᐦᒌᐦ ᐅᐦᒋ ᐅᐦᒋ ᑐᑎᒥᐦᒄ ᑐᑎᒥᐦᒄ ᐊᓐ ᐊᓐ ᑳᑳ ᐃᔑᓈᑯᐦᒡ ᐃᔑᓈᑯᐦᒡ ᒋᐱᒫᑎᓯᐎᓂᐤ ᒋᐱᒫᑎᓯᐎᓂᐤ ᐊᓂᑖᐦ ᐊᓂᑖᐦ ᐹᒡ ᑭᔮᐦ ᐎᒥᓈᒋᐦᑖᔨᐦᒄ ᐋᐋ ᑭᓂᐙᔨᐦᑎᒥᐦᒄ ᐹᒡ ᐹᒡ ᑭᔮᐦ ᑭᔮᐦ ᒑᒑᒑ ᐎᒥᓈᒋᐦᑖᔨᐦᒄ ᐎᒥᓈᒋᐦᑖᔨᐦᒄ ᐋ ᑭᓂᐙᔨᐦᑎᒥᐦᒄ ᑭᓂᐙᔨᐦᑎᒥᐦᒄᒋᑎᐊᔨᒧᐎᓂᐤᐦ᙮ ᒋᑎᐊᔨᒧᐎᓂᐤᐦ᙮ ᒋᑎᐊᔨᒧᐎᓂᐤᐦ᙮ ᒫᒨ ᐋ ᐋᐱᑎᓰᔅᑎᒥᐦᒄ ᐆ ᐋ ᐃᑎᔅᑳᓈᓯᔨᐦᒄ ᒋ ᒥᔨᑯᓈᓂᐆᐤ ᒫᒨ ᒑ ᒋᐦ ᓂᐦᑖᐅᒌᔨᐦᒄ ᒥᔅᑯᓯᐎᓂᐦᐎᒡ ᐊᓂᑎᐦ ᐊᑎᑎᐤ ᒑ ᒌᐦ ᒫᒨ ᐋᐋ ᐋᐱᑎᓰᔅᑎᒥᐦᒄ ᐋᐱᑎᓰᔅᑎᒥᐦᒄ ᐆᐆ ᐋᐋ ᐃᑎᔅᑳᓈᓯᔨᐦᒄ ᐃᑎᔅᑳᓈᓯᔨᐦᒄ ᒋᒋ ᒥᔨᑯᓈᓂᐆᐤ ᒥᔨᑯᓈᓂᐆᐤ ᒫᒨ ᒫᒨ ᒑᒑ ᒋᐦᒋᐦ ᓂᐦᑖᐅᒌᔨᐦᒄ ᓂᐦᑖᐅᒌᔨᐦᒄ ᒥᔅᑯᓯᐎᓂᐦᐎᒡ ᒥᔅᑯᓯᐎᓂᐦᐎᒡ ᐊᓂᑎᐦ ᐊᓂᑎᐦ ᐊᑎᑎᐤ ᐊᑎᑎᐤ ᒑᒑ ᒌᐦᒌᐦ ᒫᒨ ᐆᐙᓯᐦᑖᔨᒄ ᐊᓂᑖᐦ ᐙᐦ ᐄᑐᐦᑖᔨᐦᒄ ᓂᔅᑕᒥᐦᒡ ᑭᔮᐦ ᒑ ᐄᑐᑎᐦᐄᑯᔨᐦᒄ ᐊᑎ ᐋᔨᒥᐦᐄᑯᔨᐦᒄ ᒫᓐ ᐋᔅᑰ, ᐊᑎ ᑭᔮᐦ ᒫᒀᒡ ᐊᓂᑎᐦ ᐆᐙᓯᐦᑖᔨᒄ ᐆᐙᓯᐦᑖᔨᒄ ᐊᓂᑖᐦ ᐊᓂᑖᐦ ᐙᐦ ᐙᐦ ᐄᑐᐦᑖᔨᐦᒄ ᐄᑐᐦᑖᔨᐦᒄ ᓂᔅᑕᒥᐦᒡ ᓂᔅᑕᒥᐦᒡ ᑭᔮᐦ ᑭᔮᐦ ᒑᒑ ᐄᑐᑎᐦᐄᑯᔨᐦᒄ ᐄᑐᑎᐦᐄᑯᔨᐦᒄ ᐊᑎ ᐊᑎ ᐋᔨᒥᐦᐄᑯᔨᐦᒄ ᐋᔨᒥᐦᐄᑯᔨᐦᒄ ᒫᓐ ᒫᓐ ᐋᔅᑰ, ᐋᔅᑰ, ᐊᑎ ᐊᑎ ᑭᔮᐦ ᑭᔮᐦ ᒫᒀᒡ ᒫᒀᒡ ᐊᓂᑎᐦ ᐊᓂᑎᐦ ᓈᔥᒡ ᑳ ᒫᑯᐦᐄᑯᔨᐦᒄ ᐋ ᒌ ᐎᔨᐦᑖᒡ᙮ ᓈᔥᒡ ᓈᔥᒡ ᑳᑳ ᒫᑯᐦᐄᑯᔨᐦᒄ ᒫᑯᐦᐄᑯᔨᐦᒄ ᐋᐋ ᒌᒌ ᐎᔨᐦᑖᒡ᙮ ᐎᔨᐦᑖᒡ᙮ ᒑ ᒦᔻᔨᐦᑎᒫᒃ ᒋᒥᔅ ᐯᐃ ᐊᑎᒫᐲᓯᒻ ᑯᐯᒃ ᓂᔅᑯᒧᐎᓐ ᐋ ᒋᔑᑳᒡ! ᒑᒑ ᒦᔻᔨᐦᑎᒫᒃ ᒦᔻᔨᐦᑎᒫᒃ ᒋᒥᔅ ᒋᒥᔅ ᐯᐃ ᐯᐃ ᐊᑎᒫᐲᓯᒻ ᐊᑎᒫᐲᓯᒻ ᑯᐯᒃ ᑯᐯᒃ ᓂᔅᑯᒧᐎᓐ ᓂᔅᑯᒧᐎᓐ ᐋᐋ ᒋᔑᑳᒡ! ᒋᔑᑳᒡ!

Message on ofof the Message Messageon onthe the theanniversary anniversary anniversaryof of ofthe the thesigning signing signing of the the James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement James JamesBay Bayand andNorthern NorthernQuebec QuebecAgreement Agreement

November 11 marks the 48th anniversary of the signing of the James Bay and Northern Quebec November November11 11 marks marks the 48th 48thon anniversary anniversary of ofthe the signing of offought the theJames James Bay Bayto and and Northern Northern Quebec Quebec Agreement. It is a day the to reflect how we, united assigning a Nation, and won retain our inherent Agreement. Agreement. Itisisaaand day dayto toreflect reflect on how how we, united as aNation, Nation,fought fought and and won wonto toretain retainour ourinherent inherent rights to theItland our way ofon life withwe, theunited poweras toadetermine our own future. rights rightsto tothe theland landand andour ourway wayof oflife lifewith withthe thepower powerto todetermine determineour ourown ownfuture. future. This past summer, our Nation’s unity was tested as we witnessed; forest fires raging throughout our Tterritory, This hispast pastsummer, summer, our our Nation’s Nation’sunity unity was tested tested as aswe we witnessed; witnessed; forest forest fires fires raging throughout throughout our putting our communities andwas people at risk. Our strength was driven byraging our unification andour territory, territory,putting putting our ourcommunities communities and andpeople people atrisk. risk.Our Our strength strength was was driven driven byour ourunification unification and mobilization through which we overcame this at summer’s events. Our unity will by continue to be ourand strength as we take stock of we the impacts and rebuild in the aftermath an unprecedented forest mobilization mobilization through through which which weovercame overcame this this summer’s summer’s events. events. Our Ourof unity unity will willcontinue continueto to be beour our fires. strength strengthas aswe wetake takestock stockof ofthe theimpacts impactsand andrebuild rebuildininthe theaftermath aftermathof ofan anunprecedented unprecedentedforest forest fires. fires. Throughout the decades since 1975 and with the subsequent signing of additional agreements, our has gained more autonomy, additional authority, and a signing governance structure agreements, that makes usour TNation Throughout hroughout the thedecades decades since since1975 1975 and andwith withthe thesubsequent subsequent signingof ofadditional additional agreements, our accountable to you, the People of Eeyou Istchee. Our unity does not only benefit us in times of us Nation Nationhas hasgained gainedmore moreautonomy, autonomy,additional additionalauthority, authority,and andaagovernance governancestructure structurethat that makes makes us hardship but to has alsothe made it possible for us Istchee. to gain the ability todoes manage our own healthus and educaaccountable accountable toyou, you, thePeople People of ofEeyou Eeyou Istchee. Our Our unity unity doesnot not only only benefit benefit usinin times timesof of tion services, provided ouritcommunities with the infrastructure needed to grow along our hardship hardship but buthas has also alsomade made itpossible possiblefor forus usto togain gain the theability abilityto tomanage manageour our own ownhealth healthwith and andeducaeducathriving community members, as well as ensuring that we continue toneeded pursue activities tion tionservices, services, provided provided our ourcommunities communities with withthe theinfrastructure infrastructure neededour to totraditional grow growalong along with withour our and protect our language. thriving thrivingcommunity communitymembers, members,as aswell wellas asensuring ensuringthat thatwe wecontinue continueto topursue pursueour ourtraditional traditionalactivities activities and andprotect protect our ourlanguage. language. Working together as a unified Nation has allowed us grow together with the strength to build for a better future and carried us through thick and thin, even enduring the roughest of firestorms. Working Workingtogether togetheras asaaunified unifiedNation Nationhas hasallowed allowedus usgrow growtogether togetherwith withthe thestrength strengthto tobuild buildfor foraa better betterfuture future and and carried carried us usthrough throughthick thickand andthin, thin,even evenenduring enduringthe theroughest roughestof offirestorms. firestorms. Happy JBNQA Day to you!

Happy HappyJBNQA JBNQADay Dayto toyou! you! ᒪᓐᑏ ᑲᓪ-ᒫᔅᑏ ᒋᔖᐅᒋᒫ ᑳᓐ/ᑳ ᓃᑳᓂᐱᔥᑎ ᒃ ᒪᓐᑏ ᒪᓐᑏ ᑲᓪ-ᒫᔅᑏ ᑲᓪ-ᒫᔅᑏ Mandy Gull-Masty ᒋᔖᐅᒋᒫ ᒋᔖᐅᒋᒫᑳᓐ/ᑳ ᑳᓐ/ᑳ ᓃᑳᓂᐱᔥᑎ ᓃᑳᓂᐱᔥᑎᒃ ᒃ

Grand Chief/Chairperson Mandy MandyGull-Masty Gull-Masty Grand GrandChief/Chairperson Chief/Chairperson

ᓈᕐᒥᓐ ᐋᐹᒌ ᑎᔮ ᒋᔥᑭ ᐋᑦ ᒋᔖᐅᒋᒫ ᑳᓐ /ᑎᔮ ᒋᔥᑭ ᐋᑦ ᑳ ᓃᑳᓂᐱᔥᑎᒥᔨᒡ ᓈᕐᒥᓐ ᓈᕐᒥᓐ ᐋᐹᒌ ᐋᐹᒌ Norman A. Wapachee ᑎᔮ ᑎᔮᒋᔥᑭ ᒋᔥᑭᐋᑦ ᐋᑦ ᒋᔖᐅᒋᒫ ᒋᔖᐅᒋᒫᑳᓐ ᑳᓐ/ᑎᔮ /ᑎᔮᒋᔥᑭ ᒋᔥᑭᐋᑦ ᐋᑦ ᑳᑳ ᓃᑳᓂᐱᔥᑎᒥᔨᒡ ᓃᑳᓂᐱᔥᑎᒥᔨᒡ

Deputy Grand Chief/Vice-Chairperson Norman NormanA. A.Wapachee Wapachee Deputy DeputyGrand GrandChief/Vice-Chairperson Chief/Vice-Chairperson

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