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Two Two locations locations toto serve serve you! you! Two Two locations locations toto serve serve you! you! Continuing Continuing Continuing Continuing Two Two locations locations to to serve serve you! you! Two Two locations locations to to serve serve you! you! Continuing Continuing Continuing Continuing Education Education Education Education Ville Saint-Laurent Saint-Laurent Côte-Vertu Côte-Vertu / Du /serve Du Collège Collège Two locations to you! Ville Saint-Laurent Saint-Laurent Côte-Vertu Côte-Vertu / Du /serve Du Collège Collège Two locations to you! Continuing Ville Continuing Ville Education Education Education Education Ville Saint-Laurent Saint-Laurent Côte-Vertu Côte-Vertu / Du / Du Collège Collège Ville Saint-Laurent Saint-Laurent Côte-Vertu Côte-Vertu / Du / Du Collège Collège Acadie Acadie Parc-Ex Parc-Ex Parc-Ex Parc-Ex Acadie Acadie Education Ville Education Ville Ville Saint-Laurent Côte-Vertu / Du Collège Ville Saint-Laurent Côte-Vertu / Du Collège Acadie Parc-Ex Parc-Ex Acadie Parc-Ex Parc-Ex Acadie Acadie Acadie Parc-Ex Parc-Ex Acadie www.vaniercollege.qc.ca/conted www.vaniercollege.qc.ca/conted www.vaniercollege.qc.ca/conted www.vaniercollege.qc.ca/conted 514-744-7100 514-744-7100 514-744-7100 514-744-7100 www.vaniercollege.qc.ca/conted www.vaniercollege.qc.ca/conted www.vaniercollege.qc.ca/conted www.vaniercollege.qc.ca/conted 514-744-7100 514-744-7100 514-744-7100 514-744-7100 www.vaniercollege.qc.ca/conted www.vaniercollege.qc.ca/conted 514-744-7100 514-744-7100 FullFull Full Page Page Page Gazette Gazette Gazette 26.264x 26.264x 26.264x 52.07cm 52.07cm 52.07cm

FullFull Full Page Page Page Gazette Gazette Gazette 26.264x 26.264x 26.264x 52.07cm 52.07cm 52.07cm

CONTENTS EDITORIAL

10 10

The Covid bandwagon

NEWS Covid overwhelms communities 5

Education Guide 2022

Education initiatives

IN BRIEF

7 9

FEATURES

The Nation’s annual special on post-secondary education

Education Guide 2022

The making of a teacher

Makushaan

PUZZLES REZ NOTES New year hopes

32 33

UTNS Staying safe in the cold

Meet Carlton Bobbish

Community

Holiday feasts for inmates Photo of & provided by Carlton Bobbish

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Editorial

The Covid bandwagon by Lyle Stewart

feel like I jumped on a bandwagon. After almost two years of avoiding Covid, following the rules, getting vaccinated twice and chomping at the bit for a third dose... I joined the mob by getting sick a week before Christmas. It’s not surprising – most of us know people who are being infected or have caught the virus themselves. The Omicron variant is so contagious that very little could have been done to prevent this wave. It meant for a lonely holiday, but the illness itself was no more than an average flu – a couple days of fever and headache, then a few more of feeling like I had a cold. That, no doubt, is because an Omicron illness is proving less severe than previous (though far less contagious) variants, but certainly because I have been vaccinated. The fact many have chosen not to be vaccinated, however, is costing all of us. People deluded by misinformation on social media are overwhelming our healthcare system, filling hospital beds beyond capacity and causing long delays in essential treatment for other serious health problems. That is why we are now once again facing such severe restrictions in our normal lives. It’s understandable that the Legault government has responded with another lockdown. However, his insistence on treating the vast majority – those of us who have followed the rules, been social distancing, wearing masks and getting dosed – as children by enforcing a curfew, is wrong. It is not only wrong, but also counterproductive. The curfew feeds the pandemic.

It’s time François Legault took a step back from his father-knows-best tendencies It’s telling that no other government in North America has enacted a curfew. But François Legault’s model is France, which he slavishly apes in many of his policies, including making laws that tell women what they may or may not wear. However, Legault is unable to justify its effectiveness to fight the pandemic. Asked during his press conference after Christmas why he imposed a curfew, he responded nonsensically: “Because there is a private healthcare system in the United States.” Huh? A Quebec government website defends the curfew by posting links to studies on how the curfew affects infection rates. I’ve read several of them. And, except for those that rely on conjecture or opinion, the data shows that curfews cause higher infection rates. A curfew is an extreme limit on our fundamental freedoms, and Quebec has imposed fines of $1,00 to $6,000 for anyone who wants to take a walk outside after 10 pm. Being outside, alone or with a family member, is the safest place to be, in fact. Proven transmission from outdoor activities is so rare as to be unheard of.

As one of the studies from France the Legault government references, ironically, to justify its curfew says, “The data show that this measure can lead to the opposite effect from that intended due to larger groups of people on the authorized hours.” Here in Montreal, we’ve all seen this in crammed grocery stores as people frantically try to shop and get home in time to avoid thousands of dollars in fines. A Norwegian study points out, “High infection rates, and the fact that other measures are considered insufficient, are based on medical professional knowledge, but the knowledge of the infection situation does not provide professional, empirical or scientific evidence that can justify the introduction of a curfew.” It’s time François Legault took a step back from his father-knows-best tendencies. Stop treating us like children, stop infringing unjustifiably on our fundamental rights, and end a policy that causes even more Covid infections. Legault needs to jump on the bandwagon here in North America and withdraw the curfew.

the Nation is published every two weeks by Beesum Communications EDITORIAL BOARD L. Stewart, W. Nicholls, M. Siberok, Mr. N. Diamond, E. Webb EDITOR IN CHIEF Will Nicholls DIRECTOR OF FINANCES Linda Ludwick EDITORS Lyle Stewart, Martin Siberok PRODUCTION COORDINATOR AND MANAGING EDITOR Randy Mayer CONTRIBUTING WRITERS X. Kataquapit, S. Orr, P. Quinn, B. Powless DESIGN Beatriz Rose, Matthew Dessner SALES AND ADVERTISING Danielle Valade, Donna Malthouse THANKS TO: Air Creebec CONTACT US: The Nation, 4529 CLARK, #403, Montreal, QC., H2T 2T3 EDITORIAL & ADS: Tel.: 514-272-3077, Fax: 514-278-9914 HEAD OFFICE: P.O. Box 151, Chisasibi, QC. J0M 1E0 www. nationnews.ca EDITORIAL: will@nationnews.ca news@nationnews.ca ADS: Danielle Valade: ads@nationnews.ca; Donna Malthouse: donna@beesum.com SUBSCRIPTIONS: $60 plus taxes, US: $90, Abroad: $110, Payable to beesum communications, all rights reserved, publication mail #40015005, issn #1206-2642 The Nation is a member of: The James Bay Cree Communications Society, Circle Of Aboriginal Controlled Publishers, Magazines Canada Quebec Community Newspaper Assn. Canadian Newspapers Assn. Les Hebdos Sélect Du Québec. Funded [in part] by the Government of Canada. | www.nationnews.ca | facebook.com/NATIONnewsmagazine | Twitter: @creenation_news

4 the Nation January 14, 2022 www.nationnews.ca

CMCA AUDITED

C O V I D - 1 9 U P D AT E

by Ben Powless, Local Journalism Initiative Reporter

Covid overwhelms communities Authorities impose new rules to curb record infection numbers

he numbers are staggering. On December 23, there were 23 active Covid cases in Eeyou Istchee. By December 31, that had risen to 319. By January 5, over 583 cases were confirmed – a 25-fold increase in two weeks. The rapid spread of the Omicron variant across all Cree communities highlighted how contagious it is and showed why urgent measures needed to be taken across Eeyou Istchee, Quebec and the rest of Canada. Cree authorities moved communities back into Phase One of pandemic measures, banning all indoor and outdoor gatherings of people who are not immediate household members. Travel within and to outside communities was banned, except for essential reasons. Only essential businesses were to remain open, including grocery stores, gas stations and repair services, as well as childcare services for essential workers. The Cree Health Board expects the number of cases to continue growing, with confirmed community transmission. Due to the high number of cases and staff shortages, Public Health is no longer able to trace contacts between those infected. Over 1,400 contacts were identified by January 3, but Public Health is now asking for those who test positive, or their close contacts, to notify people they had been in contact with, and to ask for family and friends to help with contact tracing. Public Health said if a person is a contact of someone who tested positive, they should assume they are also positive and begin isolating for 10 days. Only if they have symptoms are they asked to contact the local clinic for a Covid test. However, clinical PCR testing capacity has been exhausted. So CHB authorities can only use rapid tests, which are not considered as accurate. Thus, anyone

with symptoms is asked to continue isolating for 10 days even if they receive a negative test result. Because of the overwhelming volume of tests, health board’s focus now is to inform people who test positive. They ask that people waiting for results to let three days pass before calling to inquire about their status. All of Quebec and Canada was determined to be an area of risk, outside of the Nord-du-Québec region. Anyone returning to Eeyou Istchee is required to isolate for 10 days, and to get a Covid test between Day 5 and Day 7 if they have fewer than three vaccination doses. For those with three doses, they are required to isolate for five days, with a Covid test on Day 5. During an emergency livestream with the Cree Nation Government on December 31, Grand Chief Mandy Gull-Masty asked for the public’s help in working to contain the spread of the outbreak. “We have to follow the measures,” she said. “The only way we can prevent further spread is to follow these protocols. Keep our children home, our youth home. It is one of the things that’s going to help us come out of this sooner.” Cree School Board Chairperson Sarah Pash added that schools and adult education will begin online instruction January 12. This will continue until at least January 26, when measures will be re-evaluated. The Sabtuan Regional Vocational Learning Centre and its residence will stay closed until January 26. Pash noted that many students are not fully vaccinated or hadn’t yet received their third dose. Additionally, all Cree School Board workers except for essential staff were to begin working remotely immediately, and all staff were to travel to

their respective communities by January 11. CHB public health physician Dr. Colleen Fuller said the surge in cases is “almost certainly” caused by the Omicron variant, but that tests are not sensitive enough to determine it definitively. Public health officials continued to urge community members to get vaccinated. They said that emergency services, vaccines and testing were still available at community medical centres, but other services may be reduced due to staffing shortages. Across Quebec, the government imposed a 10 pm-to-5 am curfew as the province broke new case records almost daily, including over 17,000 recorded January 1. The government closed indoor restaurant dining rooms and mandated that all non-essential businesses close on Sundays. The province suspended all indoor sports for more than two people of different households. Fines for those breaking curfew are between $1,000 and $6,000. By January 5, 1,750 people in Quebec were hospitalized with Covid, more than double the number a week before. The number is far higher than announced provincial hospital capacity limits which were lowered because of staff shortages. Twelve children under the age of 10 were also admitted to hospitals on December 25 with Covid, the most since the pandemic started. While 82% of Quebec’s population had received two vaccine doses, Premier François Legault said that the 10% who were completely unvaccinated represented half of those taking up hospital beds. The Canadian Armed Forces were being deployed to the province to assist with vaccinations amid widespread staffing shortages.

www.nationnews.ca January 14, 2022 the Nation 5

Department of Justice and Correctional Services ᐧᐃᔮᔅᑯᓂᒑᐧᐃᓐ ᑭᔮ ᑯᔨᔅᑯᓂᐧᐋᐧᐃᓐ ᐋᐱᑎᓰᐧᐃᓐ ᐋ ᐅᐦᒋ ᓈᓈᑭᒋᐦᑖᑭᓂᐧᐃᒡ

ᐃᔨᔨᐤ CAVAC ᐋ ᐱᒥᐱᔨᐦᑖᑭᓂᐧᐃᒡ (ᑳ ᐧᐃᓂᐦᑑᑎᐧᐋᑭᓂᐧᐃᒡ ᐊᐧᐋᓂᒌ ᐋ ᐅᐦᒋ ᐧᐄᒋᐦᐋᑭᓂᐧᐃᒡ) ᑳ ᐧᐃᓂᐦᑑᑎᐧᐋᑭᓂᐧᐃᒡ ᐊᐧᐋᓂᒌ ᐋ ᐅᐦᒋ ᐧᐄᒋᐦᐋᑭᓂᐧᐃᒡ ᒌ ᐅᔑᐦᑖᑭᓂᐧᐃᐤ ᒑᒌ ᐧᐄᒋᐦᐋᑭᓂᐧᐃᒡ ᐊᓂᒌ ᐊᐧᐋᓂᒌ ᐋᒌ ᐧᐃᓂᑑᐧᑖᑭᓂᐧᐃᒡ ᐅᔮᐧᐋᐦᒡ, ᐅᒥᑐᓈᔨᒋᑭᓂᐧᐋᐦᒡ ᑭᔮ ᐅᐱᒫᑎᓯᐧᐃᓂᐧᐋᐦᒡ ᐊᓂᔨᐤ ᐅᐦᒋ ᐋᒌ ᐲᑯᓂᑭᓂᐧᐃᔨᒡ ᐧᐃᔨᔑᐧᐋᐧᐃᓂᔨᐤ ᑭᔮ ᒫᒃ ᐋ ᐊᔨᒦᔥᑎᐧᒫᑭᓂᐧᐃᒡ ᐋ ᐧᐄᒋᐦᐋᑭᓂᐧᐃᒡ ᒑᒌ ᐱᑯᐦᑖᒡ ᒑᐧᑳᔨᐤ ᐅᐦᒋ ᐋᒌ ᐋᐦᑯᐦᐋᑭᓂᐧᐃᒡ᙮ ᑳ ᐧᐃᓂᑑᑖᑯᔨᓈ ᓈᔥᑦ ᐋᒌ ᐧᐋᐱᐦᑎᒥᓐ ᐋ ᐲᑯᓂᑭᓂᐧᐃᒡ ᐧᐃᔨᔑᐧᐋᐧᐃᓐ, ᓃᔑᓐᐦ ᐃᔨᔨᐤ CAVAC ᐋ ᐅᐦᒋ ᐋᐱᑎᓰᔥᑎᐧᐋᑭᓂᐧᐃᒡ ᐃᔨᔨᐧᐃᒡ ᐊᓂᑖ ᐃᔨᔨᐤ ᐊᔅᒌᐦᒡ᙮ ᓂᓈᐦᑭᐤ ᐃᔑ ᐧᐄᒋᐦᐋᐧᐃᒡ ᐊᐧᐋᔨᐤᐦ ᐊᓂᒌ CAVAC ᐋᐱᑎᓰᓯᐧᐃ, ᒋᒡ: ᐋᐦᐧᑳᒡ ᐋᒌ ᐃᔅᐱᔨᑦ ᐊᐧᐋᓐ ᐊᓂᑖ ᐹᒋ ᑭᔮ ᒥᑐᓈᔨᐦᒋᑭᓐ ᐧᐄᒋᐦᐄᑯᓯᐧᐃᓐ ᐋ ᓂᑎᐧᐃᒋᔅᒑᔨᒫᑭᓂᐧᐃᒡ ᐋ ᐃᔑ ᓂᑎᐧᐋᔑᐦᑎᐦᒡ ᑳ ᐧᐃᓂᑑᐧᑖᑭᓂᐧᐃᒡ ᐋ ᒋᔅᒑᔨᐦᑎᒥᐦᐄᐧᐋᓂᐧᐃᒡ ᐋ ᐃᔑ ᐃᔮᒡ ᑭᔅᒋᐦᐆᐧᐃᓐᐦ ᑳ ᐧᐃᓇᑑᐧᑖᑭᓂᐧᐃᒡ ᑭᔮ ᑖᓐ ᒑᒌ ᐃᔑ ᐧᐋᐧᐄᒋᐦᐋᑭᓂᐧᐃᒡ ᐋᐧᐃᒄ ᑭᔮ ᐅᔥᑭᒡ ᐋ ᐊᑎ ᐱᒥᐱᔨᒡ ᐋ ᑎᐹᔅᑯᓂᒑᓂᐧᐃᒡ ᓂᓈᐦᑭᐤ ᐧᐄᒋᐦᐄᐧᐋᐧᐃᓐ ᒑᒌ ᐧᐄᒋᐦᐋᑭᓂᐧᐃᒡ ᑳ ᐧᐃᓂᑑᐧᑖᑭᓂᐧᐃᒡ ᒑᒌ ᐃᐦᑑᑎᐦᒃ ᐋ ᐃᔑ ᓂᑎᐧᐋᔨᐦᑖᑭᓂᐧᐃᔨᒡ ᒥᓯᓂᐄᑭᓐᐦ ᐋ ᐧᐄᐦᑎᒧᐧᐋᑭᓂᐧᐃᒡ ᑳ ᐧᐃᓂᑑᐧᑖᑭᓂᐧᐃᒡ ᑖᓂᑖ ᒑᒌ ᐧᐄᒋᐦᐋᑭᓂᐧᐃᒡ ᐱᑯᓂᒑ ᑯᔨᔅᒃ ᒑᒌ ᐧᐄᒋᐦᐋᑭᓂᐧᐃᒡ ᑳ ᐧᐃᓂᑑᐧᑖᑭᓂᐧᐃᒡ ᐊᓂᑖ ᐧᐃᔮᑯᓂᒑᐧᐃᓂᐦᒡ ᓂᑐᐦᑯᔨᓐ ᐋᐱᑎᓰᐧᐃᓂᐦᒡ ᐱᒫᑎᓰᐤᐧᐄᒋᐦᐄᑯᓯᐧᐃᓂᐦᒡ ᑭᔮᐦ ᐋ ᐃᐦᑎᑯᓂᔨᒡ ᒑᐧᑳᔨᐤ ᒑ ᐧᐄᒋᐦᐄᑯᑦ ᐊᓂᑖ ᐃᐦᑖᐧᐃᓂᐦᒡ ᒫᐧᑳᒡ ᐋ ᐃᔑ ᓂᒋᔥᑭᐦᒃ ᒑᐧᑳᔨᐤ ᐧᐋᔥᑖᐱᔨᐦᐄᑯᑦ ᐋ ᐧᐄᒑᐧᐋᑭᓂᐧᐃᑦ ᑳ ᐧᐃᓂᑑᐧᑖᑭᓂᐧᐃᒡ ᒫᐧᑳᒡ ᐋ ᓂᒋᔥᑭᐦᒡ ᓂᑐᐦᑯᔨᓐ ᐋᐱᑎᓰᐧᐃᓂᔨᐤ ᑭᔮ ᐋ ᐃᐦᑎᑯᓂᔨᒡ ᒑᐧᑳᔨᐤ ᒑ ᐧᐄᒋᐦᐄᑯᑦ ᐊᓂᑖ ᐃᐦᑖᐧᐃᓂᐦᒡ ᑭᔮ ᒑ ᔒᑐᔥᑯᐧᐋᑭᓂᐧᐃᒡ ᒫᐧᑳᒡ ᐋ ᐱᒥᐱᔨᔨᒡ ᐋ ᑎᐹᔅᑯᓂᒑᓂᐧᐃᔨᒡ ᐃᔥᑯᑎᒃ ᐋ ᒋᐦᒋᐱᔨᔨᒡ ᓂᒧᔨ ᑎᐱᐦᐄᒑᓂᐧᐃᐤ ᑭᔮ ᒥᓯᐧᐋ ᒑᐧᑳᓐ ᒋᑭ ᑯᔨᔅᒃ ᑭᓂᐧᐋᔨᐦᑖᑭᓂᐧᐃᐤ ᑖᓐ ᒑ ᐃᔑ ᐧᐄᒋᐦᐄᑯᔨᓐ᙮

CREE CAVAC SERVICES

(Crime Victims Assistance Centre) CAVAC or crime victims assistance centre, have been created to help victims overcome the physical, psychological and social consequences of a crime, and to advocate on their behalf to help them obtain compensation for the harm suffered. If you are a victim or witness to a crime, then there are three Cree CAVAC offices that have been established to serve you in the Cree Nation. CAVAC officers provide a wide range of assistance services, including: POST-TRAUMA AND PSYCHOLOGICAL INTERVENTION, to assess the needs of victims of crime INFORMATION ON THE RIGHTS CRIME VICTIMS HAVE AND THE REMEDIES AVAILABLE TO THEM, which encompasses the main stages of judicial process TECHNICAL SERVICES, to assist crime victims in filling out required forms REFERRING VICTIMS TO SPECIALIZED SERVICES, such as appropriate legal, medical, social and community resources capable of assisting victims as they attempt to deal with problems they face ACCOMPANYING CRIME VICTIMS, through their dealings with medical and community resources, and providing sustained support throughout je judicial process as the case proceeds Our front-line services are free of charge and strictly confidential with you. Community

Toll Free Number

Whapmagoostui, Wemindji / ᐧᐋᐱᒫᑯᔥᑐᐃ, ᐧᐄᒥᓂᒌ Chisasibi / ᒋᓵᓰᐲ Waskaganish, Eastmain, Nemaska / ᐧᐋᔅᑳᐦᐃᑭᓂᔥ,

855-603-6136 855-603-0009 855-603-6168

Mistissini / ᒥᔅᑎᓯᓃ Ouje-Bougoumou, Waswanipi / ᐅᒋᐳᑭᒨ, ᐧᐋᐧᓵᓂᐲ

855-603-6137 855-603-0044

ᐄᐦᑖᐧᐃᓐᐦ

ᓇᒧᔨ ᑎᐸᐦᐄᑲᓂᐧᐃᐤ

ᐄᓯᒫᓐ, ᓂᒫᔅᑳᐤ

cavacinfo@creejustice.ca

www.creejustice.ca

6 the Nation January 14, 2022 www.nationnews.ca

Growing together I

n the wake of the Grand Economic Circle of Indigenous People and Quebec, the provincial government announced multiple funding initiatives November 26 to address significant gaps in Indigenous education, which studies have shown is closely correlated with family income and health outcomes. Premier François Legault launched a $10 million fund to support a new First Nations Executive Education (FNEE) school over the next five years. The innovative initiative was launched by Manon Jeannotte (Mi’gma) and Ken Rock (Innu), both graduates of the Executive MBA program offered by McGill University and HEC Montréal, which are co-developing the program. “Something needs to be done for First Nations leaders,” Rock told the Nation. “The leadership at HEC Montréal were really open to something like that – we didn’t have to convince them. We participated in that development. It’s not just a program designed by non-Native people for the benefit of Native people.” The first cohort began December 9 with 17 chiefs and leaders of Indigenous organizations, such as Creeco president Derrick Neeposh and Innu Chief Mike McKenzie. With the goal of empowering community leaders to strengthen self-determination, the initial modules addressed fulfilling your vision, collaboration with local government to bring change, and exercising leadership with integrity. “What’s interesting is there are really good leaders among the participants exchanging with each other,” said Rock. “Spending time talking to each other, the participants bring as much experience as the trainers. Of course, the others will be eager to learn from Derrick Neeposh how the Cree people invested in such big projects as the new $100 million building in Montreal. It will bring inspiration to other communities.” With curriculum co-created by experienced faculty and Indigenous leaders, the short program features Assembly of First Nations of Quebec and Labrador Chief Ghislain Picard and Mi’gmaq Chief Darcy Gray. Courses are currently delivered in a flexible hybrid format to accommodate the busy schedules of its participants, with classes offered in communities such as Wendake to address real-world issues. “While they share information, they can bring challenges they have locally and they’ll have people to support them,” said Rock. “We strongly believe that the leaders will be in a better position to improve conditions in their communities. There’s a new building being built downtown so we’ll have our own school for First Nations and eventually there will be other courses.” Before FNEE, the Kiuna Institute was the only post-secondary institution “for and by First Nations” that offered

Editorial News

Various education initiatives in Quebec aim for success in Indigenous communities by Patrick Quinn,

Local Journalism Initiative Reporter

provincial diplomas in Quebec. Founded by the First Nations Education Council (FNEC) in 2011, the Odanak-based college was the symbolic setting for Quebec’s announcement November 30 of $19.4 million to support reconciliation through various education initiatives. The series of measures are intended to better integrate young Indigenous people into the education system while better informing the broader population about Indigenous realities. In collaboration with Indigenous partners, new instructional material will be made available to teachers and programs of study will be reviewed to revise certain content and better incorporate Indigenous perspectives. School boards will also be adapted to develop “culturally reassuring services” and guidance tools that support the transition of first-year Indigenous students to institutions away from their communities. “I think that the three actions will allow us to improve the social climate in Quebec,” said Education Minister JeanFrançois Roberge. “We want [Indigenous students] to blossom, to take their place in the community and in Quebec. We also want to inform all Quebec students about

the history, perspectives and realities of Indigenous people.” FNEC director general Denis GrosLouis is co-chair of the Table on First Nations and Inuit Student Success. GrosLouis told the Nation that his organization had demanded funding to address the gaps in Indigenous communities, which have only increased since this government began investing substantially in the provincial education network.

“We want Indigenous students to blossom, to take their place in the community and in Quebec” - Education Minister Jean-François Roberge

“We were very vocal that there was some catch-up to be done,” said GrosLouis. “We have to play on a level playing field. It was quickly heard – I would say within weeks, we got a reply. It was key for us that it be done in collaboration with First Nations organizations.” With growing interest in Indigenous issues, the FNEC couldn’t keep up with the volume of requests from teachers.

Gros-Louis said the bulk of funding will go towards new service centres that update content to remove offensive stereotypes and focus on the realities of First Nations near each school. “If one Nation is prevalent in the community, we would say the history is taught around those communities,” GrosLouis explained. “For instance, if we’re in Gaspésie it would be obvious to speak about the Mi’gmaq and their relationship with the fisheries and all the harvesting they’re doing in the water. What’s more important is how their spirituality is being exercised today.” About $4 million will be invested to remove old books so curricula will better reflect modern realities. Teacher training is also being reviewed to ensure that basic competencies include an accurate understanding of Indigenous cultures and communities. “When you graduate, you’ll want to come work in our communities and be better equipped to teach students with a different background,” said Gros-Louis. “We want to build citizens on both sides who will learn to grow together and be leaders of tomorrow, rather than the foundation of distrust that we’ve learned for the last 300 years.”

www.nationnews.ca January 14, 2022 the Nation 7

In Brief Indspire futures Despite pandemic-related challenges, Indspire disbursed more than $20 million to 6,245 Indigenous students across Canada during the 2020-21 academic year through its Brighter Futures program. “Our students are still struggling with education-related costs, and unless we continue to support them in effective and innovative ways, they will continue to disproportionately feel the pandemic’s impact,” stated David Tuccaro, chair of the board of directors. Named a Top 10 Canadian Impact Charity for the last five years running, Indspire is now accepting applications for its bursaries, scholarships and awards. Interested students need their Indigenous card, grades, proof of enrolment and a letter showing if they are already receiving money. The next virtual information session is January 13 at 2 pm. Prospective students looking to attend college or university in Fall 2022 can also apply for the Ted Rogers Scholarship Fund, a renewable award of $2,500 annually for Indigenous students enrolled in a program of at least two years. The deadline to apply is February 1. Indspire aims to inspire achievement in Indigenous education through investments and research initiatives. Its Research Knowledge Nest is busy with projects like “Navigating Two Worlds” to determine how Indigenous post-secondary students transition from their studies to their careers so they can be better supported. The Rivers to Success program connects students with Elders, Brighter Futures alumni and other Indigenous mentors.

Robin’s Nest 4th anniversary Robin’s Nest in Waswanipi celebrated its four-year anniversary in October by inviting community members to visit the facility, meet staff and learn about the services provided by the women’s shelter. Community members toured the facility’s main floor, joined Elders for storytelling and enjoyed a healthy snack workshop before sitting in with a sharing circle on domestic violence. “We are very proud to have this service for our women and their families. We want to keep our women within Eeyou Istchee and provide culturally appropriate care,” said in a statement by the shelter. “The realization of the project provided a safe haven for our women in Eeyou Istchee.” Staff members said that while they believe most people are aware of their services, they would soon produce promotional material. The material will include a domestic violence video project. “Our services can be accessed by individuals themselves, or by referral through local entities. We offer many services such as one-on-one counseling, self-care activities, cultural programming with support from local Elders, safety planning, legal support, intake assessments, case

planning and management, as well as including all other health related visits and services required.” Robin’s Nest operates two shelters in Eeyou Istchee – at Waskaganish and Eastmain – that accommodate adult women and (if necessary) their children for up to three months. Their crisis line is 1-855-753-2094. Staff members said that in the next few years, they will collaborate with other service entities to develop reintegration strategies, and to support programming for men across Eeyou Istchee.

Child welfare In the largest settlement in Canadian history, the federal government reached a $40 billion agreement in principle on New Year’s Eve with First Nations groups over the systemic underfunding of child welfare services. The agreement allocates $20 billion for compensation and $20 billion for long-term reform of the on-reserve child welfare system. The Assembly of First Nations estimates more than 200,000 people could be eligible for compensation of on-reserve discrimination that removed children from their homes between April 1, 1991, and March 31, 2022. “First Nations from across Canada have had to

work very hard for this day to provide redress for monumental wrongs against First Nation children,” said AFN Manitoba Regional Chief Cindy Woodhouse during a news conference in Ottawa. “Wrongs fuelled by an inherently biased system.” She said that the government’s response to inequity in Indigenous communities was to funnel children into the foster care system. Compensation is also extended towards children who were denied or faced delays to essential services as well as those affected by the government’s “narrow definition” of Jordan’s Principle, which ensures officials cover medical costs upfront before determining the jurisdiction responsible for payment. The AFN and the First Nations Child and Family Caring Society filed the original human rights complaint in 2007. The Canadian Human Rights Tribunal ruled first in 2016 and again in 2019 for the statutory maximum of $40,000 to victims and their primary caregivers because the racial discrimination was “willful and reckless.” The feds initially appealed the tribunal’s decision, but intense negotiations occurred over the past few months with an end-of-year deadline. If this deal is approved by the Tribunal and in Federal Court, aspects of the agreement could be implemented April 1.

In Brief

www.nationnews.ca January 14, 2022 the Nation 9

Education Guide

2 0 2 2 The Nation’s annual special on post-secondary education by Ben Powless and Patrick Quinn Photos provided by the CSB

ith rising graduation rates in Eeyou Istchee, the Cree School Board is working to develop post-secondary education options in the region. On October 28, the brand-new Mistissini Sabtuan Learning Centre began its collaboration with other educational institutions to deliver culturally relevant adult education programs. Cree culture is woven throughout the beautiful building’s architecture, which features a luminous central atrium, locally created artwork and an Elders’ room. “As a leader in Eeyou education, I want to see our people choose to live in the community, so they can speak their language, practice their culture and contribute to the Cree Nation as a whole,” said director general Caroline Mark. “This building is the right step toward making that happen.” Sabtuan Adult Education Services also recently launched the Iyeskuwiiu Springboard Program, a preparatory program for post-secondary education developed in partnership with John Abbott College. The program is fully online except for two land-based physical education courses, in which students learn about the healing properties of plants in addition to the physical aspects of bush life. While the CSB has submitted a feasibility study to the province regarding a proposed Cegep in Chisasibi, institutions in surrounding regions have been busy expanding their range of programs targeted at Cree students. So, until “Chiiyaaniu College” becomes a reality, here are some Cegeps, colleges and universities both near and a little farther to take your education to the next level.

10 the Nation January 14, 2022 www.nationnews.ca

by Amy German

Northern Quebec Cégep de l’AbitibiTémiscamingue Although most of its programs are in French, this Cegep’s Indigenous program director says many Cree students have enrolled in its springboard program, which is designed to help Indigenous students clarify their study path and improve chances of success. Centre d’études collégiales à Chibougamau (CECC)

in English programs must take French as a second language, This Odanak-based college Kiuna students can choose to by and for First Nations is a take one of four Indigenous place for debate and reflection, language courses, including empowering students with Cree, which is currently under Kiuna College

The Nation’s Annual

confidence and cultural pride. Students develop critical thinkThe SAES also hosts a variety of ing skills and broaden perspecvocan November, this bilingual tives by analyzing Indigenous Cegep made a tour of second- thinkers and participating in ary schools in Eeyou Istchee to cultural or political events. promote its English-language “Coming from smaller programs: a springboard pro- communities, sometimes it’s gram, natural environment easier to transition to a small technology, and accounting and college,” said assistant direcmanagement technology. While tor Caroline Odjick. “We have there is not yet a student resi- approximately 100 students – dence, there is an Indigenous everyone knows each other’s student services space and name. All our courses respect frequent interaction with the cultural differences, social Cree Nation through cultural backgrounds and interests.” activities, visits and internships. While most Cegep students

Education Guide

“We have two programs that we offer in English: commercial aircraft pilot and police technology,” said Christine Desrosiers. “One is at the Vald’Or campus and the other at Rouyn. Many students are coming from Eeyou Istchee – they feel at home because we really take care of them. We have people dedicated to offering academic, psychological or social support and have different activities and cultural week.” If you’re still missing 10 or fewer courses for your secondary-school diploma, there’s also the exclusive Obakwadan Project in partnership with the Kitci Amik First Nations Adult Education Centre. In 2019, this Cegep signed a memorandum of understanding to develop the Cegep in Chisasibi.

Colleges and Cégeps

the Nation 11

Southern Quebec and Ontario

ver the years, many Cree students have opted for popular Montreal-based Cegeps like Vanier College, Champlain College, Dawson College and John Abbott College. Most of these schools have supportive Indigenous student centres, Indigenous Studies programs and introductory transition programs specifically for Indigenous students. There are also many interesting post-secondary options in Ontario worth considering, some of which have unique programs and dynamic First Nations communities. Here are a few that caught our attention.

development. Kiuna enables students in its springboard program to complete missing secondary school credits and coordinates its services and break periods to make it easy for those who have children with them.. “We don’t want the fact you’re a parent to be a problem to access your studies,” Odjick told the Nation. “Our psychosocial services are all offered to our students, their spouse and their children so not only the students succeed but the whole family. We offer shuttle services between Trois-Rivières and Odanak every day. The same shuttle services are also offered to their children for daycare and school.” Kiuna offers Indigenous-focused diplomas in either social science or arts, literature and communication, including a two-year Indigenous cinema program. New satellite classrooms are being launched in various communities for distance learning with the same technology and services found on campus. Odjick said they have the budget to accommodate a Cree community making such a request.

Canadore College With three campuses in North Bay, Canadore welcomes about a thousand Indigenous students each year, comprising a quarter of the student population. It has a vibrant First Peoples’ Centre, plus extensive student supports and exclusive programs such as Indigenous Pre-Health and Indigenous Wellness and Addictions Prevention.

Heritage College Located 10 minutes from downtown Ottawa, Gatineau’s Heritage College is the only public English-language Cegep in western Quebec. Heritage offers both two-year pre-university programs and three-year career programs. Indigenous students can connect at the Aboriginal Centre and participate in its culture awareness week.

First Nations Institute (FNTI)

conjunction with other colleges and universities for 35 years and will soon provide its own standalone post-secondary credentials. Indigenous knowledge and worldviews are integrated throughout its learning environments and curricula, while students appreciate their ceremonial gatherings. FNTI offers several unique bachelor’s programs grounded in Indigenous culture: Indigenous Social Work, Indigenous Midwifery, Indigenous Justice and Sustainable Food Systems. Among its college programs is the only post-secondary Indigenous aviation program of its kind in Canada. Based at the Tyendinaga Aerodrome, it provides the hands-on flight training required to obtain a pilot’s licence.

Weengushk Film Institute Technical (WFI)

Cree filmmaker Shirley Cheechoo, who was born in Eastmain, founded ritory near Belleville, Ontario, FNTI WFI on Ontario’s Manitoulin Island has delivered diverse programs in in 2002 after realizing how many Located in Tyendinaga Mohawk ter-

12 the Nation January 14, 2022 www.nationnews.ca

facility. “I found it in the arts and healed. And that’s why it’s important for these kids to come to my school.” With a film production course certified by Brock University and other offerings – including new 3D animation

and Indigenous governance programs – the non-profit training centre develops the self-sustainability of emerging artists while also providing land-based cultural immersion programs.

Colleges and Cégeps

Indigenous youth were passionate about channelling their creativity through media arts. “The only way that I could find my voice was through the arts,” Cheechoo told the CBC during a recent funding campaign to build a new learning

The Nation’s Annual

Education Guide

The Ann

Ed Gui

the Nation 13

Universities Quebec McGill University McGill University is always on the list for anyone considering post-secondary education. It is one of Canada’s oldest universities at 201 years old this year and part of Canada’s “Ivy League”. McGill is one of the biggest, with over 40,000 students studying in its 300 fields of study. Some may be unaware of how far the university has gone to support Indigenous students and implement the Truth and Reconciliation Commission’s Calls to Action for academic institutions.

In terms of academic content, the university began offering a minor in Indigenous Studies in 2014, with a broad interdisciplinary focus on historical, social and cultural aspects of Indigenous Peoples across North America. Some of the courses offered focus on Indigenous art, Indigenous literature, colonialism, contemporary Indigenous resistance movements, and Indigenous Peoples and the law.

The Office of First Nations and Inuit Education is an option for those considering becoming teachers. It works in partnership with several Indigenous education authorities across Quebec, In terms of student support, McGill including the Cree School Board and runs the First People’s House, which all nine Cree communities. There are certificate programs in offers academic, financial, social and logistical support to students on cam- First Nations and Inuit Educational pus. It includes weekly activities such Leadership, First Nations and as beading, drumming, or on making Inuit Student Personnel Services, soup and Bannock; an annual pow- Indigenous Language and Literary wow; Indigenous Awareness week; Education, Middle School Education in Indigenous Communities, and and film screenings. Indigenous Education for Elementary. Students can use the First People’s Within the business program, a House as a study lounge – complete certificate in Indigenous Business with computers, printers, study rooms, Management is also offered. a conference room and a kitchen – as The Indigenous Studies and well as a residence with rooms that can Community Engagement Initiative be rented. supports an artist in residence, an McGill offers an Indigenous Student Mentorship Program, which connects students unfamiliar with the House or the university in general with those who are. An Indigenous Students Association organizes its own academic conferences and more casual events.

and Social Services of James Bay, and the Cree Nation of Mistissini to offer Cree-specific programs. In 2017, the Provost Task Force on Indigenous Studies and Indigenous Education set out a series of 52 Calls to Action to respond to the Truth and Reconciliation Commission. In response, the university says it has completed seven of the 52, while the rest are pending or in progress.

Elder in residence, a writer in residence, as well as language revitaliza“McGill University recognizes the tion work and a knowledge holder shared responsibility to ensure that the speaker series. experiences of the victims and survivors The School of Continuing Studies of the residential schools are known partners with the Cree Nation and never forgotten. We likewise have Government, the Cree Board of Health the responsibility to address historical

14 the Nation January 14, 2022 www.nationnews.ca

It was founded by Ken Rock and Manon Jeannotte, both graduates of the HEC’s Executive MBA program. “We have jointly developed a school for First Nations that exemplifies our values and leadership and that will help pave the way to a prosperous future,” said Jeannotte in announcing the program.

For those with a strong interest in business and management, and with a background in French, HEC Montréal is worth serious consideration. HEC is the oldest business school in Canada with over 15,000 stu-

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HEC Montréal

Education Guide

and contemporary systems of oppression, to acknowledge the errors of our own past and of our founders, and to forge a better, more inclusive future,” according to a statement from the university in response to the Calls to Action.

“I welcome this co-development concept between HEC Montréal and First Nations, which hearkens back to the alliances that characterized our first contacts and that dents and 300 faculty mem- are in keeping with an outlook bers, and it is one of the coun- for a brighter future for us all,” added Ghislain Picard, Chief of try’s elite institutions. the Assembly of First Nations The school’s focus for under- Quebec-Labrador. graduates is the Bachelor of “The creation of First Nations Business Administration, Executive Education not only which has options in French; addresses a need for upskilling French and English; or French, our leaders, but it is also an English and Spanish. The initiative that will undoubtedly school is also known for its have positive repercussions on graduate programs in Business all of our communities.” Administration, Management HEC Montréal is also partand Administration. nered with the Université de HEC Montréal has launched Montréal, through which stua First Nations Executive dents have access to student Education program, with services and facilities like gyms streams that focus on training and student clubs.

Universities

chiefs, band councillors and board members, another for managers and directors, and a third for Indigenous entrepreneurs.

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to the Musée des Abénakis in Nestled between the Saint- Odanak, or the Orange Shirt François River and surround- Day march. The university also offers ing farmland on traditional an Indigenous Studies Minor, Abenaki territory just outside of Sherbrooke, Bishop’s University which combines courses from is one of the smallest in Canada, history, literature, education, with fewer than 3,000 students. political science, sociology and Established in 1843, how- environmental studies, looking ever, Bishop’s is among the old- at issues from both a modern est. It is frequently near the top and historical perspective.

Bishop’s University

Bishop’s and the Quebec of student satisfaction surveys in the annual Maclean’s univer- government announced in 2019 an investment of over sity ratings. One of only three primarily $5.9 million to turn the uniEnglish-speaking universities in versity’s Divinity House in an Quebec, aside from McGill and Indigenous Students’ Gathering Concordia, the school boasts an Space and Resource Centre. Indigenous Student Support and Community Liaison, which provides guidance and academic and social support to Indigenous students. Students can get connected to professionals within the student service team or other resources on or off campus. The Liaison will also communicate with students’ home communities and other organizations to help ease their transition to campus life.

Students on campus have established an Indigenous Cultural Alliance club, meant to raise awareness of the Indigenous community and Indigenous issues on campus through cultural activities and events. Throughout the year, students can take part in things like beading workshops, visits

“Our hope is that this Indigenous Students’ Gathering Space and Resource Centre will be a place of discussion, learning and sharing for both Indigenous and nonIndigenous members of our community to help foster reconciliation, healing and understanding,” Principal and ViceChancellor Michael Goldbloom said at the time. “As an Indigenous student here at Bishop’s University, I am deeply grateful personally for further initiatives such as this one being put forward for the Indigenous students and community, and I know my feelings are shared by many of my peers,” added Shawna Chatterton-Jerome, co-lead of Bishop’s Indigenous Cultural Alliance.

16 the Nation January 14, 2022 www.nationnews.ca

Outside Quebec Laurentian University Located on the traditional lands of the Anishnawbek, Laurentian University is situated between four lakes on the outskirts of Sudbury, Ontario, about four hours north of Toronto. For those interested in staying closer to home, the university is the largest bilingual distanceeducation institution in the country. The university offers a modern Indigenous Sharing and Learning Centre, which opened in 2017, offering gathering and study spaces, and is a hub for Indigenous Student Affairs. There, students have access to an Indigenous Counsellor, an Indigenous Learning Strategist, the Indigenous Community Outreach and Liaison Coordinator, and the Niikaansidook All My Relations Traditional Resource Program, which offers teachings, workshops and ceremonies with traditional Anishinaabe Elders and knowledge carriers. Throughout the year, there are events such as meet and greets, trips to Science North nearby, wigwam teachings, Treaty Recognition Week, and Indigenous Education Week, which features several talks and presentations. Currently it offers a degree in Indigenous Social Work, focusing on Indigenous teachings, theories and practices, as well as a Masters in Indigenous Relations. The school recently announced the launch of the Kina Binoojiinyag Gchinendaagsiwag (Every Child Matters) scholarship through the Indigenous Sharing and Learning Centre, focused on students studying language revitalization, and another three awards for Indigenous studying at the McEwen School of Architecture. Laurentian boasts partnerships with community groups and initiatives, launching in 2020

University of Manitoba

There’s also the Neechiwaken Indigenous Peer Mentor Program, which teams older students with first-year students to help them transition into campus life. UM organizes an

“Due to past historical events, many of the chiefs and council members have questions about who’s going to own the data and what’s going to be done with it,” Sinclaire told UM Today Alumni. “A big part of our role promotes on-campus dialogue is to assure them that we’re tryand discussion, maintains tradi- ing to do research differently, tional teachings and organizes not from the same western perspective but research that’s events for Indigenous students. for Indigenous people, by UM is at the forefront of debate Indigenous people.” around Indigenous identity, In terms of academics, UM with its president recently offers a broad range of proannouncing that the university grams, with over 100 academic would begin a process to move disciplines. Included are a numbeyond Indigenous self-decla- ber of Indigenous-specific areas ration, in response to ongoing of study, including Aboriginal cases of Indigenous identity Governance, Cree, Indigenous fraud in the academic commu- Business Studies and Native Studies. nity.

The Nation’s Annual

The Indigenous Student Centre in Migizii Agamik serves as a hub for Indigenous students on campus, offering study space, Indigenous Student Centre advisors, tutoring, a reading specialist, a reference librarian, a student advocate, career services and student counselling.

UM is known as a researchfocused university, with Dr. Moneca Sinclaire of the Opaskwayak Cree Nation and a researcher in the environment and geography department recently launching a phone app to survey Indigenous communities about social and health issues, including in response to Covid.

Education Guide

annual graduation powwow, The University of Manitoba which this past year saw a record may not be at the top of your number of 510 self-identified mind for post-secondary stud- Indigenous students graduate ies. However, the university despite the pandemic. has several programs and ser“This past year has been chalvices that cater to Indigenous students, including the Qualico lenging in many ways, and it Bridge to Success, which offers has been wonderful to see how pre-orientation activities, peer students have demonstrated mentoring, advising and orga- strength, resilience and innovanizes special events for first-year tion despite those challenges,” said Carla Loewen, acting direcstudents. Located on a sprawling campus tor for the Indigenous Student beside the famous Red River in Centre. south Winnipeg, UM has over There’s also a vibrant student cul30,000 students and 5,000 ture, including the Indigenous staff. Students’ Association, which

Universities

an initiative between the university’s ECHO Research Centre and the Naandwechige-Gamig Wikwemikong Health Centre to focus on Indigenous mental wellness in children and youth by collecting survey data to share with healthcare providers.

the Nation 17

Enriched Programs and Courses

Academic Support

Cultural and Social Programming

Access to Elders

Advocacy

Your future awaits. laurentian.ca

Sudbury, ON

cosette covid 19

Time to make an appointment for your COVID-19 booster dose. Follow the vaccination sequence and book your appointment when it’s your turn.

Québec.ca/COVIDvaccine Stay protected longer thanks to the booster dose.

Get the booster dose and follow all health guidelines to protect yourself from COVID-19 and its variants.

FROM JANUARY TO APRIL 2022

WINTER ACTIVE Let’s Build a Strong and Healthy Cree Nation

THIS WINTER, LET’S ENJOY THE OUTDOORS WITH FAMILY AND FRIENDS Physical activity helps us physically, mentally, emotionally, and spiritually. For more information about Winter Active across Eeyou Istchee, contact: WALLY RABBITSKIN PPRO Physical Activity, Public Health (CBHSSJB) Phone: 418-923-3355(x42365)

Cell: 418-770-3975 wrabbitskin@ssss.gouv.qc.ca

creehealth.org/winteractive 20 the Nation

www.nationnews.ca December 31, 2021

the Nation 21

22 the Nation January 14, 2022 www.nationnews.ca

The making of a teacher

Indigenous groups push Catholic Church to release residential school records by Ben Powless ,Local Journalism Initiative Reporter

Carlton Bobbish plans to use education to help young Crees by Patrick Quinn,

Local Journalism Initiative Reporter

Photo provided by Carlton Bobbish

fter completing a successful semester in his second year at Bishop’s University, Carlton Bobbish jokes that he feels like the Marvel Comics character Thanos retiring at the end of the Avengers film. While he may not be a godlike supervillain, Bobbish is a man with a plan, studying education with the goal of returning to Eeyou Istchee to inspire young Crees as a teacher. “If I was going to go teach, I would teach in our Cree communities, knowing that we need teachers,” Bobbish told the Nation. “Coming back to teach another young Cree, one Cree to another, maybe I’ll do some good. I feel I would be a great teacher for all the young Cree out there.” While the 28-year-old is thriving in his post-secondary studies, he had to overcome challenges to get to where he is today. Growing up in Nemaska, he did well until struggling in high school with math and science, failing three years in a row. Bobbish eventually earned his diploma through adult ed, then asked a friend for suggestions about how he could pursue higher education. At age 23, he enrolled in the springboard transition program at Champlain College Lennoxville, an English-language Cegep in Sherbrooke. “Essentially it’s for people who have not attended education in a long time or are transitioning to college at an early age,” explained Bobbish. “That first year getting

used to how college life works really helped me out before I took my pre-university program. I had to get used to being on time for things, how to write an essay, do an academic search, getting peer-reviewed resources, getting used to attending classes.” Bobbish initially found the transition intimidating but soon made friends with successful Indigenous students who spurred him on. They included Mistissini’s Angel Baribeau (who now identifies as Siibii Petawabano) the recent grand prize winner in Canada’s Walk of Fame RBC Emerging Musician Program. It was during this first year that Champlain’s Indigenous counsellor, Randi Heatherington, proposed to Bobbish that he become a teacher. “We examined how I really feel about it,” Bobbish recalled. “My mom is a kindergarten teacher. In the back of my mind, teaching is one of the things I always wanted to do. I really didn’t know how to approach it.” After graduating from Cegep, Cree School Board consultant Amy Gallant recommended he enroll at Bishop’s University. Bobbish was surprised to learn that Bishop’ shares the same campus as Champlain College in the Sherbrooke borough of Lennoxville. Although this would have simplified his transition, the pandemic meant his first year was spent at home in Nemaska, taking classes online via Teams or Zoom. www.nationnews.ca January 14, 2022 the Nation 23

“Attending the fall semester for my second year, I had at least three classes in-person and one was a hybrid,” said Bobbish. “It was easy to adapt. Bishop’s helps students not used to learning away from home. They have the Indigenous Cultural Alliance [ICA] with a ton of resources and a great space where you can study with coffee. It really helps.” Bobbish also received help in essay writing from the ICA, a student-led club that organizes activities and study groups between Indigenous and non-Indigenous students. Although Bishop’s received a $5.9 million government grant in 2019 to develop an Indigenous space on campus, ICA members allege they’ve been excluded from the process and that most of the building will be allocated towards university administration offices. Basketball is another way for Bobbish is involved in the campus community, as member of the varsity women’s team coaching staff. Basketball was a factor that initially drew him to Champlain. “I did feel like one of the popular kids being a varsity athlete, but I had to be cut from the team because of age reasons,” Bobbish shared. “Transitioning to D1 woman’s basketball is a big step. It was scary at first, but I got used to being seen as one of the mentors. They have all sorts of questions – I’m a bit overwhelmed but I’m getting used to it. It’s really nice.” Although a November basketball tournament in OujeBougoumou that he planned to coach at was postponed, Bobbish expected to celebrate the holidays in Eeyou Istchee with his fiancée’s family. He said his relationship with Amber-Lee Clifford-Williams helps him maintain a healthy work-life balance. “My fiancée has been very supportive,” he said. “She makes me meals here and there when I come back from campus. It makes it easier to get back to my studies or relax. Of course, we take days to spend together, and ignore my studies a bit. You have to make time for yourself.” The CSB’s Post-Secondary School Services department helps fund travel, childcare and other school expenses. PSSS offices in Montreal and Gatineau also offer resource centres that include libraries, computer labs, study rooms, kitchens and even playrooms for children. While the pandemic’s resurgence means in-person classes and activities are once again postponed, Bobbish still plans to complete 70 hours of a practicum during the winter semester. These field experiences are important for his eventual move to the front of the classroom. “All the classes prepare me to teach,” said Bobbish. “This semester I completed intro to linguistics, English grammar, teaching and learning secondary levels, then early childhood education holistic approach. It’s exciting and I’m a little nervous about it too.” Looking back at his educational journey, Bobbish feels fortunate that his parents supported him in whatever he wished to do in life. In the end, however, going back to complete his diploma and pursue higher education was a decision he made for himself. “I really am doing myself a favour to make it this far,” Bobbish asserted. “Failing a class or two doesn’t mean education is not for you. Be resilient, prevail in your studies and you’ll be fine as long as you give your 110%.”

24 the Nation January 14, 2022 www.nationnews.ca

“Be resilient, prevail in your studies and you’ll be fine as long as you give your 110%”

www.nationnews.ca January 14, 2022 the Nation 25

Business Bursaries, Scholarships, and Awards

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26 the Nation January 14, 2022 www.nationnews.ca

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Community

Makushaan Holiday feasts for Indigenous inmates by Patrick Quinn,

Local Journalism Initiative Reporter

ife in prison isn’t easy. Being away from family and friends during the holidays has an emotional toll. That’s why Kenneth Matoush, his wife Harriet, and his friend Joseph Moar started the Makushaan project six years ago. Makushaan – the Cree term for “feast food” – brings traditional meals to Cree and other Indigenous inmates. As a correctional release support worker with the Cree Nation Government’s Department of Justice and Correctional Services, Matoush hopes his service helps detainees re-integrate into society after they are released. “The Cree clients are happy once they eat the food,” Matoush told the CBC. “They are reminded of home and all the feasting that happens at different celebrations, especially those clients who have been detained for a long period of time. They really miss traditional meals.” According to a 2020 report, Indigenous inmates represent 30% of Canada’s prison population, compared to 25% five years ago. Despite an over-

all decline in the inmate population, the number of Indigenous prisoners increased by 43% since 2010. While Makushaan began with deliveries to Crees a few times a year, the tradition has since expanded to include other Indigenous inmates at the Amos Detention Centre and occasionally correctional centres in Gatineau and SaintJérôme. Mostly funded through Cree Justice, the project serves 30 to 60 meals at each delivery.

Makushaan – the Cree term for “feast food” – brings traditional meals to Cree and other Indigenous inmates 28 the Nation January 14, 2022 www.nationnews.ca

They include foods found in a traditional feast, such as moose, caribou, roasted goose, rabbit and beaver. For dessert, there is a traditional boudin, boiled with raisins, along with Cree doughnuts. An Elder or church minister generally accompanies the delivery to offer words of encouragement. Pandemic gathering restrictions cancelled some of last year’s deliveries, but the project was back preparing and delivering meals this Christmas, bringing much-needed laughter and hope. “They start to open up and share their stories,” said Matoush. “They often express how they feel about the food, and say, ‘It almost feels like a feast at home.’ When I walk from the prison, I feel happy that I saw them eat traditional food and to tell them that they are not forgotten.”

If you need more information or have additional questions, contact our office in Val-d”Or. By phone: 819-874-2600 By email: justicevaldor@cngov.ca

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Puzzles

ere’s another edition of the Nation’s puzzle page. Try your hand at Sudoku or Str8ts or our Crossword, or better yet, solve all three and send us a photo!* As always, the answers from last issue are here for you to check your work. Happy hunting.

PREVIOUS SOLUTION:

Solution to Crossword: L I E U

P A S T A

A L O U D

S E E T H R O U G H

G L A M

L O B E

U S E R

O F F C O L O R E S T A T E

P A P L A O C A Y F T A R S I P A E N N G L E

S L A S H D A M O N E O N

A L M M L E Y I P E R C L M A D S M I T E S I D E W O N O R L O N T O R L U N C A R T H I N P H A N T A L E S O S E I T E R L

A R I D

G A P E

A S S N

A V A N T G A R D E

L A R G E

K N E E L

S C O W

M O L D

STR8TS

SUDOKU

No. 296

Tough

Previous solution - Medium

5 1 3 3 4 2 1 2 8 6 7 7 6

9 7 4

5 7 6

1 3

You can find more help, tips and hints at www.str8ts.com

9 8 8 9 2 7 8 4 6 7 3 1 6 2 3 5 4 3 5 2 4 6 5

7 6 6 7 4 5 9 5 6 8 9 3 8 7 4 6 7 2 8 9 1 3 9 8 2 3 4

No. 296

Easy

2 1

6 5 9 8 1 3 2 4 7

1 5 6 3 8 9 2

9 3 4 8 7 6 5 2 1 3 7 9 2 6 8 7 2

How to beat Str8ts – Like Sudoku, no single number can repeat in any row or column. But... rows and columns are divided by black squares into compartments. These need to be filled in with numbers that complete a ‘straight’. A straight is a set of numbers with no gaps but can be in any order, eg [4,2,3,5]. Clues in black cells remove that number as an option in that row and column, and are not part of any straight. Glance at the solution to The solutions will be published here in the next issue. see how ‘straights’ are formed.

32 the Nation January 14, 2022 www.nationnews.ca

Previous solution - Very Hard

A F R O

7 8 4 2 9 5 6 3 1

3 1 2 7 6 4 9 5 8

2 7 5 3 8 9 1 6 4

4 3 6 5 7 1 8 9 2

1 9 8 4 2 6 3 7 5

9 2 7 6 5 8 4 1 3

8 6 3 1 4 7 5 2 9

5 4 1 9 3 2 7 8 6

To complete Sudoku, fill the board by entering numbers 1 to 9 such that each row, column and 3x3 box contains every number uniquely. For many strategies, hints and tips, visit www.sudokuwiki.org If you like Str8ts check out our books, iPhone/iPad Apps and much more on our store.

Rez Notes

New Year hopes by Sonny Orr

he year 2021 was as disastrous as could be expected given the fact that we are heading into a third year of the pandemic. After reeling from the first vaccination, then the second one and yet a third one, we now have three-quarters protection. Sounds like the Canadian dollar – three US quarters for a Canuck buck. Not to sound too harsh, but much of the spread of the latest outbreak is indeed just that, a spread of a contagious element. And how did it spread? By human transfer, of course. Now how did that happen with all the precautions we followed so feverously? Because we started to slack off in recent months. So it goes with humans, being out of sync with nature’s attitudes. Yes, leave it to the governments to do it all for you. But guess what? Governance is just that and no one cares about governance anymore. It’s an outdated expression meaning someone you put in charge tells you what is best whether you like it or not. This tends to bring out the rebel in some though not for those whose common sense prevails. To think that some people said we were not affected biologically – until recent outbreaks when contagion spread like wildfire in our little communities. People have now just realized how close to the bone this Omicron variant cut into our families. Way too close for comfort and even closer for those who avoided getting vaccinated.

Now we know firsthand how important safety rules are in times like these Lessons must be learnt from this. Now we know firsthand how important safety rules are in times like these. This is hopefully only a once-in-a-lifetime event. The mantra is now – pray for a short time and not for the rest of our lives. Please let this end for our sanity and our health. On a lighter note, FaceTiming the grandchildren is becoming more assuring given that we are all in this together, separated by curfews and lockdowns. We live our lives waiting for that reunion time to happen again without fear. As far as work, I’m not sure if working from home will be the norm again. With the kids going to school online and being cooped up during the long winter months, it wouldn’t be surprising to see some sort of mania like cabin fever – for those who think that living in cabins is torture. For us, it’s part of our way of life. But isolating for a few weeks without the pleasure of a hot shower will test your sense of smell. If your natural odour

doesn’t bother you, get another rapid Covid test. Speaking of tests, the number of people in close contact with each other multiplies the crazy infection numbers and overwhelms the healthcare system. So don’t be a contact trace victim, stay at home and away from everyone and stay off that list! Another noticeable adjustment is that medical masks are now the only ones that offer some sort of protection. That Habs mask just doesn’t cut it anymore. Now the electronic version of your adequate protection code needs updating. The printout version for those without a device is out the window like a used Kleenex. Again, just stay home and out of the way of further spread. Remember, you can be the next contact trace victim. Oh yes, Happy New Year to those who defied the curfew and nearly blew up the neighbourhood with their fireworks. God bless and stay out of the emergency room!

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www.nationnews.ca January 14, 2022 the Nation 33

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UTNS

Under the Northern Sky

Staying safe in the cold

by Xavier Kataquapit

oon is the Cree word for snow. It is a natural phenomenon that covers our northern world every winter and it is a very important part of life. As a boy growing up in the North, snow was just a normal part of the year. We never feared it or gave much thought to the dangers of the cold. Susan, my mom, was always careful to bundle us up in warm clothes and a new set of her moose-hide mitts, a fur-lined hat or a hand-knit toque and plenty of layers of shirts, pants and long underwear. We thought nothing of walking to school through blinding snowstorms in temperatures of minus-40 degrees or colder. As children we found mounds of snow were great places to play in. After big storms, snow drifts could build up as high as the eaves of buildings. Every winter storm changed our play areas from packed snow to new forms of drifts and mounds that covered everything in pristine layers of white. No matter how freezing the weather was, we would head out to find our friends and play. We took our handmade miniature wooden sleds which we pulled

by strings on a stick to mimic our parents and other hunters and their big snow machines. We would pretend that we were braving the deadly cold hundreds of miles from home and surviving on our own. Of course, at one point reality set in and our bravery gave way to frozen feet, hands and ears. Then we ran home to warm up with a hot cup of tea, bannock and the warmth of a wood-stove fire. I never shovelled much snow when I was a boy. We only cleared the front step to unblock the entrance and that was about it. Instead, we trampled down the snow and walked over it layer by layer. By mid-winter, our front staircase would lose a step or two as the packed snow grew thicker. I spent my first few years of high school in Timmins living with a host family. There were many things that were new to me at the time. The winter culture was very different to what I was accustomed to in Attawapiskat. I was surprised that people spent so much time shovelling and moving snow to clear their driveways and walkways. Everyone avoided walking in the snow, and I remember feeling that it

Snow is important to everyone in the far North. This white layer of fluff and ice unlocks the world to us in our mushkeg wilderness

was unusual because I had spent all my childhood playing in it back home. Snow is important to everyone in the far North. This white layer of fluff and ice unlocks the world to us in our mushkeg wilderness. In the summer, the land is swampy and impassable, but once it freezes over, we can travel anywhere and everywhere. About 60 years ago, most of my people travelled by dog sled or snowshoes. People would spend weeks and months moving on the land to hunt, fish and trap. In the 1960s and 1970s, the snowmobile arrived and suddenly we had the power to cover vast distances. These days we have a much more sophisticated ice road system that links coastal communities together and allows us to visit back and forth. Before the pandemic we even had an ice road that took us south to Kapuskasing, Cochrane, Timmins and the highway system beyond. Many of my family members and friends purchased trucks and cars over the past 20 years to take advantage of travel on the winter ice road. Today the ice road is still being developed but the link to southern towns and cities is not open this year due to Covid. Now that we can finally travel easily from community to community and points south, it is sad that we are blocked once again, this time with the massive outbreak of the Omicron variant. We are all looking forward to better management of this virus with the hope that enough people get vaccinated, and the virus will wane. Perhaps then we can get back on the ice roads.

We have been present since 1939. All members of the large Deshaies' family are by your side today and will also be for the better days to come.

34 the Nation January 14, 2022 www.nationnews.ca

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