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contents February 2017

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LETTER FROM THE EDITOR

NEWS BRIEFS

Energy assistance available to Wisconsinites.

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DESIGNER GRIDS

Microgrids serve reliability, security, and sustainability.

Keep up to date with industry news.

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EVENTS

February fun awaits.

February 2017

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LETTER FROM

THE EDITOR

Energy assistance available A lesson learned painfully and too often is that a small problem keeping up with utility bills can Dana Kelroy, Editor grow into a big problem in a very short time. Certainly it’s a problem for individual consumers who’ve fallen behind, and their predicament can make it harder for them to see it’s also a problem for the cooperative or other utility that serves their needs and for fellow consumers—especially true of co-ops with a modest-sized membership base—who end up shouldering the extra burden of unpaid costs. That’s just one reason why, for households that could be at risk of falling behind, it makes sense to take advantage of energy assistance programs offered through state and federal agencies. For most people in that situation, right now, the middle of winter, is when the need for such assistance is most obvious. In Wisconsin, qualifying residential consumers can obtain assistance through county social services offices, tribal governments, other government agencies or private, non-profit organizations. They are the local connections to energy assistance and weatherization services provided by the Wisconsin Division of Energy, Housing and Community Resources. The Wisconsin Home Energy Assistance Program (WHEAP) administers the state’s Public Benefits Energy Assistance Program and the federally funded Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program (LIHEAP). Along with regular heating and electric assistance for qualifying households, specialized services can include emergency fuel assistance, counseling for energy conservation and energy budgets, pro-active co-payment plans, targeted outreach services, and emergency furnace repair and replacement. Correcting health and safety hazards and potentially life-threatening conditions determines the priority of action under the Wisconsin Weatherization Assistance Program (WisWAP), which uses energy conservation techniques to reduce the cost of home energy. To learn about eligibility for any of the services listed here, start with a call to 1-866-HEATWIS (432-8947).

February 2017 Vol. 77 No. 8 The Wisconsin Energy Cooperative News (Formerly Wisconsin R.E.C. News) has been published monthly and distributed since July 1940 to members of Wisconsin’s non-profit, consumer-owned rural electric cooperatives. It is available to non-members for $10 per year or $28 for three years. Published by the Wisconsin Electric Cooperative Association, 222 W. Washington Ave., Ste. 680, Madison, WI 53703. Steve Freese, president & CEO. USPS number: 688-480. Postmaster: please send address changes to Wisconsin Energy Cooperative News, 222 W. Washington Ave., Ste. 680, Madison, WI 53703. Periodicals postage paid at Baraboo, Wis. Send correspondence to Wisconsin Energy Cooperative News, 222 W. Washington Ave., Ste. 680, Madison, WI 53703. Phone (608) 467-4650. Web site: www.wecnmagazine.com. Co-op Members: Please send address changes to your local electric co-op. Contact information can be found on page 18. Steve Freese Dana Kelroy Mary Erickson David Hoopman Ann Bailey Tina Walden Geri Miller

WECA president & CEO editor associate editor contributing writer graphic designer editorial assistant advertising consultant

For advertising opportunities please email ads@weca.coop. The appearance of advertising does not constitute an endorsement of the products or services advertised.

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NEWS BRIEFS NRG HAS CARBON-CAPTURE UNDERWAY

The first major utility-scale application of carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) technology has reached full operation, NRG Energy announced in January. Retrofitting of the Petra Nova coal-fired power plant near Houston, Texas, started in 2014 and was completed within its $1 billion budget, NRG said. The project differs from the suspended FutureGen experiment in Illinois in that the captured carbon dioxide is not to be pumped underground and left in permanent geologic disposal, but used for enhanced oil recovery (EOR), a U.S. petroleum industry practice for more than four decades. From its first recorded use in 1972,

EOR has called for injecting CO2—for the most part still obtained from naturallyoccurring sources—under pressure to combine with and lighten crude oil deposits for easier extraction. Oil producers recapture and recycle as much of the CO2 as possible for re-injection and additional oil recovery but some CO2, an increasing percentage as more oil is recovered, is incidentally trapped and remains in the underground formation. A company spokesman said the cost was expected to be recovered by selling captured CO2 to oil producers, and that an oil price of $50 per barrel was expected to be sufficient for the CCS project to break even.

STAGE SET FOR MORE CONTROVERSY OVER NUKE-WASTE SITING

Inside-the-Beltway guesses that the Trump administration might seek to revive the Yucca Mountain nuclear waste storage project sparked congressional maneuvering in the weeks leading up to the January 20 Inauguration Day. Former Energy Secretary Ernest Moniz told the National Press Club restarting Yucca would be impossible because it faces bipartisan opposition from Nevada elected officials. As if to bear him out, on the same day (January 11), Nevada’s congressional delegation jointly introduced legislation seeking to bar completion of the project by prohibiting the Energy Department (DOE) from authorizing construction of a waste repository in any state without first obtaining consent from the governor, local governments, and tribal leaders. (The project was defunded in 2011 by the Obama administration but its 2002 congressional designation as a high-level waste site survives.) Also the same day, South Carolina GOP Congressman Joe Wilson introduced legislation that would thwart DOE efforts, begun under Moniz, to develop new sites as alternatives to Yucca Mountain so long as Yucca Mountain’s future is unresolved. Wilson issued a statement saying taxpayers “have put over $3.7 billion into

Yucca Mountain—they deserve to see it completed.” Wilson’s district includes a major repository of high-level waste that remains there in part because of the failure to complete Yucca Mountain.

AFTER NUKE BAILOUT, EXELON WENT HIRING

A week after Illinois Governor Bruce Rauner signed December legislation authorizing a $235 million annual ratepayer subsidy for two money-losing Commonwealth Edison nuclear plants, parent company Exelon Corp. announced plans to hire more than 400 permanent employees at the Quad Cities and Clinton facilities. The new workers, Exelon said, will be used “to fast track multiple capital projects” that had been “cancelled or put on hold as Exelon prepared to retire Clinton in June 2017 and Quad Cities the following year.” Exelon objected to the “Future Energy Jobs Bill” being characterized as a bailout of the uneconomic plants. The same bill provides new wind and solar energy subsidies ramping up to $220 million annually and garnering support from “more than 200 business, labor, environmental, faithbased, and other groups,” Exelon said.

MICHIGAN TIGHTENS POWER MARKETER REQUIREMENTS

In a move critics say will kill the state’s limited retail electric competition program, Michigan lawmakers at the end of 2016 set new standards requiring alternative electricity providers to either own generation capacity or enter into minimum three-year power purchase agreements to guarantee they’ll have adequate supply to meet customer requirements. Not joining the critics was Michigan’s state chamber of commerce, an influential supporter of retail competition but also of the legislation enacted in a marathon December floor session. The chamber and other backers of the legislation, including DTE and Consumers’ Energy, the state’s two largest incumbent utilities, maintain it’s needed to avert potential capacity shortages as early as 2018 as coal-fired power plants are retired. The legislation also raises Michigan’s renewable energy standard to 15 percent by the end of 2021, a 50 percent increase, and sets quotas utilities must meet for energy savings through efficiency programs. Retail choice in Michigan is capped at 10 percent of a given utility’s total sales. High-volume energy users have lobbied to expand the program, but the limit was retained in the revised energy law.

NEW SOURCE ARGUMENTS STAY ON SCHEDULE

Oral arguments over the Environmental Protection Agency’s carbon dioxide regulations for new power plants (new source performance standards) will take place as previously scheduled, on April 17 before the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. Multiple interests challenging the regulation petitioned to extend the briefing schedule, citing uncertainty over the incoming Trump administration’s actions regarding legal defense of the rule. Without elaboration January 4, the three-judge panel scheduled to hear the case denied the motion to extend the briefing deadline.

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J GRID SECURITY

ust a few months ago the nation’s attention was focused almost entirely on the presidential election. More than once during the fall, emails containing unflattering statements by key players in the nomination and election contests were stolen by hackers and made public, with the apparent motive of sowing confusion and undermining Americans’ confidence in the mechanics and institutions of our election processes. The hacked emails, handed over to and distributed by WikiLeaks, were obtained by breaching the systems of the Democratic National Committee, though an analysis prepared by the U.S. intelligence Steve Freese community (FBI, CIA, and NationPresident and CEO al Security Agency) and released in declassified form January 6, said, “Russia’s intelligence services conducted cyber operations against targets associated with the 2016 U.S. presidential election, including targets associated with both major U.S. political parties.” [emphasis added] The declassified report included this somewhat chilling statement: “Russia, like its Soviet predecessor, has a history of conducting covert influence campaigns focused on U.S. presidential elections that have used intelligence officers and agents and press placements to disparage candidates perceived as hostile to the Kremlin.” Slightly more reassuring was the report’s conclusion that while Russian entities “obtained and maintained access” to parts of multiple state and local agencies responsible for the conduct of elections, “DHS (the Department of Homeland Security) assesses that the types of systems Russian actors targeted or compromised were not involved in vote tallying.” During the New Year’s weekend, the spotlight turned again to Russian hacking when The Washington Post, citing anonymous sources within DHS, reported that a Russian cyberattack had penetrated the U.S. electric grid by compromising a laptop computer owned by the Burlington, Vermont, municipal utility. Fortunately, the story quickly fell apart when it was found that the laptop had not been connected to the grid and the “suspicious internet traffic” detected was indeed commonly used to deliver malware but showed little if any evidence of Russian involvement. Which is not to suggest it needn’t be taken seriously. The U.S. electric grid would be an extraordinarily high-value target for any adversary. In a society as energy-dependent as ours, disabling the grid for more than a few days would mean economic and social costs compara-

ble in many respects to those of an actual shooting war. A comparatively mild demonstration of such cyber warfare took place in 2015 when three Ukrainian electric distribution utilities were shut down, apparently by Russian operatives, putting some 225,000 customers in the dark— fortunately for only about six hours. Subsequent analysis found that Ukrainian officials were able to restore power relatively quickly because their systems are less technology-dependent than those in the West and therefore more amenable to being restarted manually—not precisely a comforting thought. But because this is well understood within the industry, U.S. power providers have many grid security measures and procedures in place to contain and defeat cyber mischief. And the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission and North American Electric Reliability Corporation have binding, enforceable rules to see that reliability standards are met. The Burlington incident didn’t turn into a bigger problem than bad email on one computer because, post-discovery, everyone followed prescribed security procedures. A seven-page “annex” to January’s intelligence community report—half the length of the report proper—suggests what foreign rivals might lead us to believe can be as consequential as what they might accomplish by cyber-fiddling in physical systems. For instance, the report highlights “RT (Russia Today) America TV,” a “Kremlin-financed” cable news channel operating within the United States. RT America barrages viewers with stories encouraging opposition to hydraulic fracturing—the technique that enables cleaner electric generation and helps contain energy costs by making natural gas abundant—likely because of “the Russian Government’s concern about the impact of fracking and U.S. natural gas production on the global energy market and the potential challenges to [the Russian state-owned] Gazprom’s profitability,” the report said. As an association of electric cooperatives it’s our duty to work with our members and state and federal lawmakers to ensure the electric grid reliably serves energy consumers. Part of life in the 24-hour news cycle is remembering that proper preparation can prevent or reduce the harm attempted by hostile interests that, unfortunately, stalk this world every day.

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Drug Companies Fear Release of the New AloeCure Big Pharma stands to lose billions as doctors’ recommend drug-free “health cocktail” that adjusts and corrects your body’s health conditions. by David Waxman Seattle Washington:

Drug company execs are nervous. That’s because the greatest health advance in decades has hit the streets. And analysts expect it to put a huge crimp in “Big Pharma” profits. So what’s all the fuss about? It’s about a new ingredient that’s changing the lives of people who use it. Some call it “the greatest discovery since penicillin”! The name of the product is the AloeCure. It’s not a drug. It’s something completely different. And the product is available to anyone who wants it, at a reasonable price. But demands may force future prices to rise. TOP DOC WARNS: DIGESTION DRUGS CAN CRIPPLE YOU! Company spokesperson, Dr. Liza Leal; a leading integrative health specialist recommends AloeCure before she decides to prescribe any digestion drug. Especially after the FDA’s stern warning about long-term use of drugs classified as proton pump inhibitors like Prilosec®, Nexium®, and Prevacid®. In a nutshell, the FDA statement warned people should avoid taking these digestion drugs for longer than three 14-day treatment periods because there is an increased risk of bone fractures. Many people take them daily and for decades. Dr. Leal should know. Many patients come to her with bone and joint complaints and she does everything she can to help them. One way for digestion sufferers to help avoid possible risk of tragic joint and bone problems caused by overuse of digestion drugs is to take the AloeCure. Analysts expect the AloeCure to put a huge crimp in “Big Pharma” profits.

The secret to AloeCure’s “health adjusting” formula is scientifically tested Acemannan, a polysaccharide extracted from Aloe Vera. But not the same aloe vera that mom used to apply to your cuts, scrapes and burns. This is a perfect strain of aloe that is organically grown under very strict conditions. AloeCure is so powerful it begins to benefit your health the instant you take it. It soothes intestinal discomfort and you can avoid the possibility of bone and health damage caused by overuse of digestion drugs. We all know how well aloe works externally on cuts, scrapes and burns. But did you know Acemannan has many of other health benefits?...

HELPS THE IMMUNE SYSTEM TO CALM INFLAMMATION According to a leading aloe research, when correctly processed for digesting, the Aloe plant has a powerful component for regulating your immune system called Acemannan. So whether it’s damage that is physical, bacterial, chemical or autoimmune; the natural plant helps the body stay healthy. RAPID ACID AND HEARTBURN NEUTRALIZER Aloe has proved to have an astonishing effect on users who suffer with digestion problems like bouts of acid reflux, heartburn, cramping, gas and constipation because it acts as a natural acid buffer and soothes the digestive system. But new studies prove it does a whole lot more. SIDE-STEP HEART CONCERNS So you’ve been taking proton pump inhibitors (PPI’s) for years and you feel just fine. In June of 2015 a major study shows that chronic PPI use increases the risk of heart attack in general population. UNLEASH YOUR MEMORY Studies show that your brain needs the healthy bacteria from your gut in order function at its best. Both low and high dosages of digestion drugs are proven to destroy that healthy bacteria and get in the way of brain function. So you’re left with a sluggish, slowto-react brain without a lot of room to store information. The acemannan used in AloeCure actually makes your gut healthier, so healthy bacteria flows freely to your brain so you think better, faster and with a larger capacity for memory. Doctors call it “The greatest health discovery in decades!”

body’s ability to break down and absorb calcium. Aloe delivers calcium as it aids in balancing your stomach acidity. The result? Thicker, healthier looking hair…more youthful looking skin… And nails so strong they may never break again. SAVE YOUR KIDNEY National and local news outlets are reporting Kidney Failure linked to PPI’s. Your Kidney extracts waste from blood, balance body fluids, form urine, and aid in other important functions of the body. Without it your body would be overrun by deadly toxins. Aloe helps your kidney function properly. Studies suggest, if you started taking aloe today; you’d see a big difference in the way you feel. GUARANTEED RESULTS OR DOUBLE YOUR MONEY BACK Due to the incredible results people are reporting, AloeCure is being sold with an equally incredible guarantee. “We can only offer this incredible guarantee because we are 100% certain this product will work for those who use it,” Says Dr. Leal. Here’s how it works: Take the pill exactly as directed. You must see and feel remarkable improvements in your digestive health, your mental health, in your physical appearance, the amount inflammation you have throughout your body – even in your ability to fall asleep at night! Otherwise, simply return the empty bottles with a short note about how you took the pills and followed the simple instructions and the company will send you...Double your money back!

HOW TO GET ALOECURE This is the official nationwide release of the new AloeCure pill in the United States. And SLEEP LIKE A BABY A night without sleep really damages your so, the company is offering our readers up to 3 body. And continued lost sleep can lead to all FREE bottles with their order. sorts of health problems. But what you may not This special give-away is available for readers realize is the reason why you’re not sleeping. of this publication only. All you have to do is Some call it “Ghost Reflux”. A low-intensity call TOLL-FREE 800-330-5324 and provide the form of acid reflux discomfort that quietly keeps operator with the Free Bottle Approval Code: you awake in the background. AloeCure helps JC025. The company will do the rest. digestion so you may find yourself sleeping Important: Due to AloeCure’s recent media through the night. exposure, phone lines are often busy. If you CELEBRITY HAIR, SKIN & NAILS call and do not immediately get through, Certain antacids may greatly reduce your please be patient and call back.

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Underground Railroad Burying CO2:

Only one minor injury was reported but dozens of buildings were damaged and shelves were partially emptied at this Pawnee, Oklahoma, grocery store when a 5.6 magnitude quake struck last September 3. (AP)

paradox of modern governance: As the economics of low-cost natural gas and federal regulation diminish coal use in electricity production, agencies like the Department of Energy (DOE) and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) tout carbon capture and sequestration as a lifeline for the coal industry and coal’s future as power plant fuel. Government has blown hot and cold on carbon capture and sequestration (CCS, the collection and underground disposal of carbon dioxide emissions). One major project, “FutureGen,” was launched in 2003 by the Bush administration, cancelled in 2008 because of cost, revived by the Obama administration with funds from the 2009 stimulus bill, and suspended in 2015 after more than $200 million in expenditures, when it didn’t meet private ﬁnancing goals. This, and similar difﬁculty with other projects, has been particularly problematic for the EPA, seeking to require CCS in future fossil-fueled power plants but barred by the Clean Air Act from mandating any technology that isn’t “adequately demonstrated” and economically feasible for commercial use.

for power plants yet to be built, so in 2013 the agency announced its new-plant standard wouldn’t mandate CCS. The concession was double-edged: Forgoing a direct mandate might sidestep the legal pitfall of conditioning regulatory compliance on emission controls nowhere deployed on a commercial utility scale, but mandated or not, coal-fired and many gas-fired plants wouldn’t meet the contemplated emission limits without the expensive and still-struggling technology. On April 17, a three-judge panel of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit will hear arguments over the EPA’s authority to effectively rule out specific generation choices. But last fall, issues raised both by objective researchers and by activist foes of a different energy-related activity reignited questions about carbon capture’s prospects. An academic study published in September suggests more concrete reasons than the risk of an adverse court ruling to re-examine geologic storage of highly compressed carbon dioxide as a centerpiece of climate regulation.

Sound strategy or costly diversion?

A Legal Minefield The statutory phrase “adequately demonstrated” spelled trouble for the EPA as lawsuits were sure to greet its “new source performance standard” 10

The Earth Moves Last September 22, the journal Science published a Stanford University paper stating unequivocally that ﬁve Texas earthquakes in 2012 and 2013 were caused by underground injection of wastewater from oil and gas drilling. The strongest reached a

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magnitude of 4.8, minimally damaging but readily noticeable. Also last September, the largest quake in Oklahoma history (magnitude 5.6 with numerous buildings damaged) sparked an uproar over underground disposal of drilling wastewater. Opponents of oil and natural gas production by hydraulic fracturing were optimistic they’d found its Achilles’ heel. Whether they’ve found the Achilles’ heel of fracking, or of CCS development on which billions have been spent, or of both, remains to be seen. Coverage of the Stanford paper and the Texas and Oklahoma quakes focused on implications for fracking. As far as Wisconsin Energy Cooperative News has been able to discover, no other media outlet has connected the situations, but the controversy over wastewater disposal begs questions about practical deployment of CCS. Specifically, complaints against fracking—more accurately, against techniques sometimes used to dispose of fracking wastewater but integral to CCS—invite questions whether the EPA ever seriously expected CO2 emissions to be converted under high pressure into a supercritical fluid and injected deep underground for permanent geological confinement. Last October, we asked the EPA and DOE whether they “foresee any adverse implications for CCS” resulting from the Stanford findings. Tricia Lynn of the EPA’s Office of Public Affairs provided a description of an agency technical report on “injection-induced seismicity” and added that “Seismic events due to underground injection are rare, occurring in less than 1 percent of disposal wells.” DOE spokesman Gayland Barksdale responded that “To date, monitoring data from large-scale storage projects in the U.S. have shown no threat of CO2 leakage or induced seismicity.” One reason for the absence of a threat may be the scarcity of large-scale sites where permanent geologic storage of compressed CO2 is happening. In January, Barksdale confirmed “large-scale storage projects” under DOE monitoring include the Industrial Carbon Capture and Storage program of

Archer Daniels Midland (ADM) at Decatur, Illinois. It’s designed to capture CO2 from corn-to-ethanol fermentation, compress, inject, and store it 7,000 feet deep under sandstone cap rock. But DOE information Barksdale furnished showed drilling of ADM’s injection well was incomplete and underground disposal wasn’t expected to start before the end of March, assuming EPA approval. After years of postponements, Mississippi Power’s Kemper County project—frequently claimed by the EPA as evidence of adequate CCS demonstration—missed its latest scheduled start-up date The Environmental Protection Agency says carbon dioxide sequestration December 31. Kemper was anrequires injection below impermeable nounced in 2006 with a $1.8 billion rock formations, a technique Stanford cost estimate, since ballooned to $7 University researchers associate with billion. In December, a Mississippi earthquake risks in wastewater disposal. cooperative boosted its credit rating (Graphic source: EPA) by ofﬂoading a 15 percent ownership share. Morton_WIEnergyREV_2.17_Layout 1 1/10/17 3:53 PM Page 1 The CO2 Kemper proposes to capture

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is to be used for enhanced oil recovery (EOR), a process developed in the early 1970s to coax additional production from depleted wells by pumping in compressed CO2 to lighten the crude for easier extraction. Part of the CO2 is recovered for further EOR; part remains trapped underground. Kemper and ADM were two of three “large scale” projects in the U.S. named in a 2016 report from the Australia-based Global CCS Institute as being “very close to commencing operations.” The third, NRG Corp.’s Petra Nova coal-fired power plant in Texas, began delivering captured CO2 for enhanced oil recovery in mid-January.

Questions Not New Stanford’s researchers aren’t the first to implicate injection wells in seismic disturbances, though their Science article is the first to explicitly call them the direct cause. The Youngstown, Ohio, area experienced 11 minor earthquakes during 2011, and state officials halted operations at a suspect well. The strongest quake, magnitude 4.0, came a week later. At that time, Wisconsin Energy Cooperative News asked about forcing fluids into the ground under high pressure and was told by University of Wisconsin Extension Geologist David Hart that much research is needed. “You need to understand the geochemistry and the stresses, the fracturing and faulting,” Hart said. “You need to do some background before you start pushing things underground or you’re going to end up with a situation where people are upset.” In the years since, the glacial pace of CCS development, its formidable costs, and now fresh setbacks to the perception that it can be practiced safely, prompt questions whether CCS has ever been a practical solution or just a trip down a regulatory dead end, questions whether requiring CCS aims at “enabling” (the EPA’s word) continued fossil generation or deterring it. That the EPA may have long understood this is intimated by its own statements spanning years. In a September 20, 2013, Regulatory Impact Analysis, the agency acknowledged its new power plant regulations “will result in negligible CO2 emission changes,” attributing the anticipated trivial impact to the expectation that “few, if any, solid fossil fuel-fired electric generating units will be built in the foreseeable future.” The same week, then-EPA Administrator Gina McCarthy told reporters the CO2 rule for existing power plants, since finalized as part of the “Clean Power Plan,” wouldn’t mandate CCS. That, combined with its prediction that new plants needing CCS won’t be built, muddles the picture of what the EPA hoped to achieve with the technology. Even as it admitted that plants requiring CCS were unlikely to be built, the EPA claimed regulatory prodding would drive advancement of the technology. But in March 2014, a corporate officer with a business interest in selling CCS equipment told a congressional panel the technology was economically unready for deployment 12

and warned that mandating its use would achieve the opposite of the desired effect. In March 12, 2014, testimony before the House Subcommittees on Energy and on Environment, Alstom Vice President Robert Hilton said a mandate “will essentially stop the development of CCS” by making new coal plants economic losers. “Without new coal plants, it is unlikely technology developers will continue to invest in CCS development,” Hilton said. “With no market in sight, investment will stop.”

The Agency-Approved Quake Recipe

The key finding of last fall’s Stanford research may lie less in “definitive proof” of long-held suspicions than in potential safety implications for disposal in the manner the EPA says is necessary to ensure captured CO2 stays underground. In a statement released last September 22, Stanford geophysics professor William Ellsworth called the research “the first to provide an answer to the questions of why some wastewater injection causes earthquakes, where it starts and why it stops.” Most of the water occurs naturally, mixed with oil and gas deposits, and is too brackish to treat, Ellsworth said. That leaves the option of pumping it back underground. The key, he said, is how deep. At shallow disposal wells penetrating roughly a halfmile, the researchers detected only a “subtle uplift” of the surface above “a thick layer of nearly impermeable rock,” and little pressure increase on fractures and cavities deeper down where earthquakes originate. But in deep wells more than a mile below the surface, the Stanford team found, “the combination of stiffer rock and the impermeable ‘blocking formation’ above allowed [pressure] to migrate downward and build up until it triggered earthquakes in 2012 along an ancient fault line.” In 2013, quakes abated after injections were reduced and pressure decreased. “Injecting at a shallower depth above a blocking formation” would diminish the ability of increased pressure to “activate the faults,” Ellsworth said. But the EPA says to permanently confine CO2, injection must take place below, not above, a blocking formation or “cap rock.” In the agency’s words, “Suitable formations for CO2 sequestration are located under one or more layers of cap rock, which trap the CO2 and prevent upward migration.” An illustration provided by the EPA depicts an “impermeable seal” some 6,000 feet below the surface with the “injection zone” underneath. Thus, the EPA’s prescribed method of CO2 disposal appears to replicate conditions the Stanford researchers say caused the Texas fault to move. The question persists: If they can no longer be built without CCS, and if CCS carries excessive risk of causing earthquakes, are some of the most reliable electric generation methods doomed? A simpler question would be whether that was always the point.—Dave Hoopman

Wisconsin Energy Cooperative News

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Designer electric grids Microgrids will serve reliability, security and sustainability

new way of thinking about electric utilities could make your energy supply less vulnerable to weather-related interruption, more secure, and more environment-friendly. The idea is microgrids—small, local systems of electric service that are connected to the larger, national electric transmission and distribution grid, but also capable of operating independently from the grid. “How we deliver electricity is changing,” says Tom Lovas, a technical liaison and consultant with the National Rural Electric Cooperative Association (NRECA). “We have to think differently in how we operate the system.” In a 2014 report, NRECA looks forward to a future power network it describes as a “grid of grids” using new technology and innovative ways of organizing the system of power lines to accommodate renewable energy, improve efficiency and security, and keep power flowing when severe weather strikes. “Many futurists envision a grid built of smaller, independent or quasiindependent generating entities such as microgrids,” says the report “Achieving a Resilient and Agile Grid.” The report continues: “Change is necessary, and there is now an explosive growth in the tools that will allow us to manage the grid with more agility and precision.”

120 Microgrids and Growing

A good way to understand microgrids is to imagine a small island just off the mainland, with a few additional wires and power controls. Here’s what those additions might do: • Connect essential services like hospitals and gas stations to backup generators; • Wire together banks of solar cells and wind turbines, and large-scale batteries, to provide power even at night or when the wind is not blow-

ing or when something causes a broader grid failure; • Control the flow of electricity among power sources like local rooftop solar panels, distant power plants, or even neighboring towns so it’s used most efficiently. That’s not pie in the sky. One energy firm estimates there are more than 120 microgrids in the United States, another 100 on the drawing board, and that it’s a market expected to grow 13 percent every year for the next 10 years. And those numbers could be too small, because a microgrid can mean a lot of different things. While a microgrid is often thought of as a collection of homes, businesses, and generating sources, it could be as small as a single house, depending on your definition. What microgrids have in common is that each is an electric system connected to the nationwide grid that can also operate on its own. “Any shared load of a single resource could be considered a microgrid,” says NRECA’s Tom Lovas. It could be a military base that needs to always have power without fail, or a manufacturing plant installing a bank of solar cells next door for an independent supply of renewable energy. “A single generator that serves two houses would be a microgrid,” says Lovas. “There are a lot of different definitions of what a microgrid really is.” Electric cooperatives are among the utility groups studying how to make the best use of this innovation. “At NRECA, we’re looking at microgrids as a way to enhance reliability and resiliency, particularly for operating of critical requirements,” says Lovas. “In fact, for years we’ve had microgrids, in a way, by having emergency generators provided for hospitals and other critical facilities.” To understand microgrid develop-

IF YOU LIKE TO DO IT

YOURSELF,

YOU MIGHT BE A

PROSUMER If you have a backup power generator for your home, you might be a prosumer. Tom Lovas is among the electric utility experts using that term to describe a unique group of utility customers. As a technical liaison and consultant with the National Rural Electric Cooperative Association, he sees prosumer as a useful word to describe one of the ways utilities are changing. “It’s the proactive consumer,” says Lovas. “Where the consumer becomes a more active participant in the electric utility system operation, in order to serve their own needs.” Lovas says the trend of people wanting to do for themselves helps explain the growing popularity of microgrids—small utility systems that might contain backup power sources, renewable energy production equipment, and batteries. A microgrid might be a village or a military base connected to the larger national utility grid but also capable of operating separately from the grid for protection against power outages, or to enhance flexibility in electricity sources. “To me, a prosumer is anybody who installs their own backup power system or installs their own self-generation, or gets involved with rooftop solar or even in community solar,” says Lovas. “It’s a more active consumer than just using kilowatt hours and paying for them.” The term was coined in the 1970s and ‘80s by popular futurist Alvin Toffler, to mean “producing consumer,” and could be seen as having predicted the trend of interest in do-it-yourself projects. To Lovas, it reflects the growing options that electric co-op members have for participation in their electric service, as changing technology offers a wider range of flexibility.

February 2017

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ment, it helps to know about two bits of jargon used by the people making the plans—both are mentioned in the title of the 2014 NRECA report. One is “resilient.” The report explains the term as different from “reliable.” Reliability, says the report, refers to the goal of keeping the lights on all the time. A resilient system, on the other hand, is one that can bounce back quickly after a major outage. The objective in that case might be to recognize that power might be out 14

for several days, so there needs to be a system in place that can provide backup electricity immediately for hospitals, gas stations, and pharmacies. Last fall, the National Governor’s Association recommended that states consider microgrids, as part of a report on how to avoid some of the hardships caused by natural disasters.

Renewable-Friendly

The other term the microgrid planners use is “ag-

ile.” That refers to the ability of a utility system to handle new situations, like interest in renewable energy that might lead a homeowner to install a bank of solar cells on the roof and want to sell the excess electricity back to the utility. In fact, one motivation for development of microgrids is the increasing use of renewable energy, which is expected to quadruple by 2020. Microgrids could push that growth even faster. Among the roadblocks to renewable energy is the fact that solar doesn’t work at night and wind won’t work in calm weather. But as battery technology improves, a microgrid could connect all the parts to store renewable energy produced when the opportunity is there. As Lovas explains, “While we can have a microgrid based on renewable resources, it really becomes even more effective as energy storage becomes more readily available.” Microgrid thinkers are preparing for the future by planning ways to standardize designs so the “grid of grids” can be built more efficiently, and so that microgrids can connect to each other through the larger grid. They’re developing computer software for automatic operation both inside a microgrid and outside with other electricity sources and users. They’re writing safety standards, recognizing that with more generators on the system, there will likely be more two-way flows of electricity along the wires, making it even more critically important to keep track of when lines are energized. They’re even planning for higher levels of electronic security as computer hackers spread software bugs. Future energy systems built around microgrids will in some ways mean a smaller utility world, but in many ways a more connected one. — Paul Wesslund writes on cooperative issues for the National Rural Electric Cooperative Association, the Arlington, Va.-based service arm of the nation’s 900-plus consumer-owned, not-for-profit electric cooperatives.

Wisconsin Energy Cooperative News

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Super Bowl

Caramel Apple Pie Dip 1/2 cup heavy whipping cream 1/2 tsp apple pie spice 1/2 tsp vanilla extract Pinch of salt 1/4 cup prepared caramel sauce 4 oz Wisconsin cream cheese, softened 1/2 cup apple, peeled, cored, and finely diced

In medium bowl of electric mixer, whip heavy cream until stiff peaks begin to form, about 2â€“3 minutes. Add apple pie spice, vanilla extract, salt, and caramel sauce; mix until combined, scraping sides of bowl to ensure even mixing. Add cream cheese and mix until just incorporated. Add diced apple and mix until evenly combined. Cover and refrigerate at least one hour. Serve with graham crackers, gingersnaps, or other cookies.

Recipes and photos are courtesy of the Wisconsin Milk Marketing Board

Snacks

Wisconsin Energy Cooperative News

WECN FebRecipes2017.indd 2

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Blue and Cheddar Beer Spread 3 cups Wisconsin cheddar cheese, shredded 2 cups Wisconsin blue cheese, crumbled 1/3 to 1/2 cup wheat ale Salt and black pepper to taste

Mix cheeses and beer in food processor until thoroughly combined. Add salt and black pepper to taste and additional beer for desired consistency.

Soft Pretzel Pizza Bites

Recipes and photos are courtesy of the Wisconsin Milk Marketing Board

1–1/2 cups warm (approx. 100 degrees) water 2 Tbsp light brown sugar 1 pkg active dry yeast 1–1/2 tsp sea salt or kosher salt 4–1/2 cups all-purpose flour plus additional, if necessary 4 oz unsalted butter, melted 36 pepperoni slices, cut in pieces 1 lb Wisconsin mozzarella cheese, cut into 36 cubes 1/2 cup Wisconsin parmesan cheese, grated 3 qts water 2/3 cup baking soda 1 egg, beaten Coarse sea salt Prepared marinara sauce, for dipping

Heat oven to 450 degrees. Spray baking sheet with oil or line with parchment paper. In mixing bowl, combine water, sugar, and yeast. Mix until combined. Let rest 5–10 minutes. Add salt and 4–1/2 cups flour to mixture; mix on low speed until combined. Add melted butter. Increase speed to medium and continue mixing until dough begins to pull away from side of bowl, about 3–4 minutes. If dough appears too wet, add additional flour, 1 tablespoon at a time. Remove dough from bowl, place on flat surface, and form into ball. Divide dough into 36 equal pieces. Form each dough piece into ball and then flatten into circle. Place a piece of pepperoni and piece of mozzarella in the center of dough circles; sprinkle with parmesan. Carefully pull dough edges over cheese and roll dough into ball. Make sure cheese is completely covered and dough is sealed. Set aside and repeat until all 36 dough balls are stuffed. Bring a large pot of water to boil and carefully add baking soda; it will bubble up. Place pretzel dough balls into boiling water, a few at a time. Remove with slotted spoon after 30 seconds. Place on parchment paper and continue with remaining pretzels. Arrange all pretzel balls on baking sheet without touching each other. Brush with beaten egg and sprinkle with coarse salt. Bake 8–10 minutes until tops are browned. Serve pretzels warm with marinara sauce for dipping.

Deep-Fried Cheese Curds 1 lb Wisconsin cheese curds 2 cups buttermilk 2 cups beer (lager) 2 cups flour 2 tsp baking powder 1 tsp salt 1/2 tsp black pepper 1 qt vegetable oil, for frying Preferred dipping sauce

Place cheese curds in mesh strainer. In large, deep bowl, combine buttermilk and beer. Submerge curds in mixture by placing strainer in bowl. Set aside. In separate bowl, combine flour, baking powder, salt, and pepper. Whisk to combine. Set aside. In large Dutch oven or deep-fryer, heat oil to 375 degrees. When oil is ready, remove curds from buttermilk beer mixture. Strain well. Toss curds in flour mixture, shaking to remove excess flour. In 3–4 batches, fry curds for 2 minutes, or until curds begin to turn golden brown. Do not crowd. Drain on paper towels. Serve immediately.

Pan-Fried Parmesan Chicken Drummettes with Comeback Sauce Comeback Sauce

Chicken Drummettes

Whisk mayonnaise, olive oil, chili sauce, ketchup, and Worcestershire sauce in bowl; mixing well. Mix in remaining sauce ingredients. Taste for seasoning and adjust to taste. If hotter sauce is desired, add hot sauce to taste. Cover and refrigerate up to 3 days.

Mix parmesan, flour, cracker meal, garlic powder, salt, and cayenne in small paper bag. Place two drummettes in bag at a time and shake, coating each drummette well. Repeat with remaining drummettes, placing breaded pieces on rack. Pour oil to depth of about 1/2–inch into heavy skillet and heat. Test by tossing a pinch of breading mixture into skillet. When breading sizzles, fry the drummettes (in batches as necessary) for 12–15 minutes or until done, depending on size. Drain on paper towels and serve hot with comeback sauce for dipping. Refrigerate any remaining sauce for another use.

1 cup olive oil mayonnaise 1/4 cup olive oil 1/4 cup bottled chili sauce 1/4 cup ketchup 1 Tbsp Worcestershire sauce 1–1/2 tsp yellow mustard 1/8 tsp cayenne pepper 1/2 tsp dry mustard powder 2 Tbsp onion, grated 3/4 tsp garlic powder Juice of half lemon 2 Tbsp Wisconsin parmesan cheese

1/2 cup Wisconsin parmesan cheese, finely grated 1/2 cup flour 1/2 cup cracker meal 1–1/2 tsp garlic powder 1 tsp salt 1/2 tsp cayenne pepper 12 pieces chicken drummettes Oil for frying

February 2017

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RECIPE EXCHANGE Submit your favorite recipes to be featured on our reader recipe page. Email to tina@weca.coop KFC-Style Coleslaw Linda Kieler, Cuba City

1/2 cup mayonnaise 1/3 cup sugar 1/4 cup milk 1/4 cup buttermilk 2–1/2 Tbsp lemon juice 1–1/2 Tbsp white vinegar 1/2 tsp salt 1/8 tsp pepper 8 cups cabbage, shredded 1/4 cup carrots, shredded

Real Cool Cookies

One Dish Chicken and Rice Bake

2 cups sugar 1/4 cup cocoa 1 Tbsp butter 1/2 cup milk 1/2 cup peanut butter 2 tsp vanilla 3 cups quick oatmeal

1 can cream of mushroom soup 1 cup water 3/4 cup uncooked long grain white rice 1/4 tsp paprika 1/4 tsp ground black pepper 1–1/4 lbs skinless, boneless chicken breast halves

Sue K., Medford

Mix sugar, cocoa, butter, and milk in large saucepan. Bring to a boil, stirring several times. Remove from heat and add peanut butter and vanilla; mix until smooth. Add oatmeal and mix well. Drop from teaspoon onto waxed paper and let set for 2 hours.

Gerald Majors, Pardeeville

Stir the soup, water, rice, paprika, and black pepper in an 11x8x2-inch baking dish. Top with the chicken. Season with additional paprika and black pepper. Cover the baking dish. Bake at 375 degrees for 45 minutes or until the chicken is cooked through and the rice is tender. Let stand for 10 minutes. Stir the rice before serving.

Combine mayonnaise, sugar, milk, buttermilk, lemon juice, vinegar, salt, and pepper in a bowl; beat until smooth. Mix in cabbage and carrots. Refrigerate for 2 hours before serving.

Molasses Taffy

REQUESTS

June Kalinich, Phillips

1 cup molasses 3/4 cup sugar 2 tsp vinegar 1 Tbsp butter 1/8 tsp baking soda 1/8 tsp salt Combine molasses, sugar, and vinegar in a heavy saucepan; boil to the hard ball stage. Remove from heat and add butter, baking soda, and salt; stir until blended. Pour mixture into a greased pan and let cool. When taffy is cool, pull it until it is light and porous. Cut into 1-inch pieces.

Short Ribs

Lavaughn Buehl, Janesville

1 can beef broth 1 cup chopped onions 2 small sweet potatoes, peeled, halved lengthwise, and cut crosswise in 1/2inch thick slices 2 medium parsnips, peeled and diced 8 oz baby carrots 2 lbs short ribs 1/4 tsp pepper 3 sprigs fresh dill 1 can (14–1/2 oz) diced tomatoes in juice Mix beef broth, onions, sweet potatoes, parsnips, and carrots in a large slow cooker. Top with short ribs, pepper, dill, and tomatoes. Cover and cook on low 7–9 hours until ribs are very tender.

from our

READERS June Grass, Potosi, is looking for a recipe for a chiffon cake that uses 12–13 eggs. If you can help, have a request of your own, or would like to submit a recipe for publication, please write to Wisconsin

Energy Cooperative News, What’s Cooking? 222 West Washington Ave., Suite 680, Madison, WI 53703-2719 or contact us via our website, www.wecnmagazine.com. Thanks!

Wisconsin Energy Cooperative News

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February 2017

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Hike by

Candlelight Y

es, it’s still winter. The days are slowly getting longer, but there’s a month to go yet before Daylight Saving Time fully brightens up the evenings. There’s still snow on the ground, and it’s cold. Without the twinkling holiday lights that have long since been packed away, winter can start to feel a little dreary by this point. You can find some light by grabbing a pair of sturdy boots—or snowshoes or cross country skis, if the occasion calls for it—and heading to one of the many state parks and forests that host candlelight hikes at this time of year. Exploring the wooded trails by candlelight on a crisp winter night is a whole different experience from hiking them on a sunny, summer afternoon. The winter woods are quiet and peaceful, and the candle luminaries cast a soothing, soft glow over the snow. Candlelight hikes have been around for a long time, but they’ve grown significantly in popularity in recent years. Paul Holtan, communications specialist with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (DNR), noted that a couple of candlelight hikes last year attracted more than 2,000 people, in some cases necessitating changes in organization to better control parking and traffic issues.

This increase in popularity can be attributed at least in part to greater exposure thanks to social media. However, Holtan said the family atmosphere of candlelight hikes keeps people coming back. “They’re very family friendly,” he said of the candlelight events. “Almost all of them offer something beyond the skiing and candlelight hike. They usually have bonfires. In some cases they have grills. In many cases our Friends groups [volunteers who help support the mission and activities of state parks] set up refreshments where they sell hot chocolate, and some of them sell hot dogs and things like that. They’re just a very festive atmosphere, and I think that’s what attracts people to them.” The candlelight hikes are also suitable for people of all ages and skill levels. “There’s no big hills or sharp curves,” Holtan pointed out. “These are all on our easiest ski trails or hiking trails. They’re excellent for beginners or people who don’t have a lot of experience.” Seventeen candlelight hikes have been scheduled at DNR properties across the state in February, and each is slightly different. A comprehensive list on the DNR website includes specific activities offered at each event. Holtan encourages people to consult the list beforehand so they know what to expect.

Wisconsin Energy Cooperative News

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“The vast majority of them offer both skiing and hiking or snowshoeing, but some are snowshoe only and some are just for skiing,” Holtan said. A few events offer unique features; for example, the trails at Governor Thompson State Park are accented with glowing ice sculptures for the park’s February 18 candlelight hike. At Kettle Moraine State Park, members of Northern Cross Astronomy will be on hand February 11 with their telescopes to help guests view the constellations in the clear winter sky. Holtan also encourages people to check the website or the DNR’s Twitter handle, Wisconsin DNR (@WDNR), for current status reports of each candlelight hike. “They are weather-dependent,” Holtan cautioned. A lack of snow is not generally cause for cancellation—in such cases, a snowshoe trek simply becomes a hike. But the events can be canceled due to ice or severe wind chills. Wind chills or not, Holtan reminds all participants to dress warm and perhaps pack their own thermos of hot cocoa to sip along the trails. He also encourages families— particularly those with young children—to arrive a little early, ahead of any crowds. “You might even want to make a whole day of it,” he said. “You may want to consider arriving a little early and having a picnic dinner, especially if you’re traveling a ways.” The DNR website also issues a reminder that in order to ensure safety, events may be restricted at times when parking capacity has been reached. Such restrictions are more likely to occur at properties located closer to well-populated areas. Therefore, Holtan advises families to consider visiting the smaller, more rural state properties. “We’re encouraging people to venture out and attend events at properties where they may not have been before and that aren’t quite as busy as some of our other properties,” he said. And remember, state parks are open until 11 p.m. every day. If you should happen to miss a scheduled candlelight event, you can always bring your own light and take your own peaceful nighttime hike through the woods.—Mary Erickson

WISCONSIN FAVORITES

Please turn to page 26 for a list of February’s candlelight hikes. Before attending, check the DNR’s website at dnr.wi.gov, and search keywords “get outdoors” to get more details for each event, including up-to-date information regarding cancellations due to threatening weather. February 2017

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Candle luminaries will light up the trails and warming lodges at a number of state parks and forests this month. (Photos on pages 24–26 courtesy of Wisconsin DNR)

Saturday, February 4 Candlelit Ski, Snowshoe & Walking Trails Lake Wissota State Park 5 to 8 p.m. 18127 County Highway 0, Chippewa Falls, WI 54729 Candlelight Ski and Hike Peninsula State Park 5:30 to 8 p.m. 9462 Shore Rd., Fish Creek, WI 54212 Blue Mound State Park Candlelight Ski/Hike/Snowshoe Blue Mound State Park 5:30 to 8:30 p.m. 4350 Mounds Park Rd., Blue Mounds, WI Candlelight Ski/Hike Kettle Moraine State Forest – Northern Unit 5:30 to 8:30 p.m. N1765 Highway G, Campbellsport, WI 53010

Candlelight Hike Big Foot Beach State Park 6 to 8 p.m. 1452 S. Wells St., Lake Geneva, WI 53147

Candlelight Snowshoe Devil’s Lake State Park 6 to 9 p.m. S5975 Park Rd., Baraboo, WI 53913

Candlelight Ski, Hike, and Snowshoe Mirror Lake State Park 6 to 9 p.m. E10320 Fern Dell Rd., Baraboo, WI 53913

Candlelight Ski, Hike and Snowshoe Newport State Park 5:30 to 8:30 p.m. 475 County Highway NP, Ellison Bay, WI 54210

25th Annual Flambeau River State Forest Candlelight Ski Flambeau River State Park 6 to 9 p.m. W1613 County Rd. W, Winter, WI 54896

Saturday, February 11 Brule River State Forest Candlelight Ski and Snowshoe Brule River State Forest 5 to 9 p.m. 6250 South Ranger Rd., Brule, WI 54820

Candlelight Hike or Snowshoe and Campfire New Glarus Woods State Park 6 to 9 p.m. W5508 CTH NN, New Glarus, WI 53574 Candlelight Ski Lake Kegonsa State Park 6 to 9 p.m. 2405 Door Creek Rd., Stoughton, WI 53589

Willow River Candlelight Ski and Hike Saturday, February 18 Willow River State Park 6 to 8:30 p.m. 1034 County Highway A, Hudson, WI 54016 Candlelight Snowshoe/Hike Rib Mountain State Park 5:30 to 7:30 p.m. Candlelight Night in the Park 4200 Park Road, Wausau, WI 54401 Interstate State Park 6 to 9 p.m. State Highway 35, St. Croix Falls, WI 54024 Candlelight Ski and Hike Governor Thompson State Park 6 to 9 p.m. 28th Annual Candlelight Ski and Hike N10008 Paust Lane, Crivitz, WI 54114 Kettle Moraine State Forest – Pike Lake Unit Be sure to check dnr.wi.gov, search words 6 to 9 p.m. “get outdoors,” for details and up-to-date 3544 Kettle Moraine Road, Hartford, status reports. WI 53027

Wisconsin Energy Cooperative News

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YOUNG MEMBERS

Kids and Critters February 2017

1. Chilling out, Leif, Lincoln, and Elias measure up against the catch of the day in a photo shared by their mother, Katrina Steffen, member of Central Wisconsin Electric. 2. Best friends forever, Brik the red lab puppy and Paxton meet up for the first time. Photo submitted by Paxton’s grandparents, Kevin and Terese Barth, members of Oakdale Electric. 3. A happy day at the hobby farm, as Jill cuddles her favorite calf. Photo provided by Tony Schmitt, member of Bayfield Electric.

4. My, what a big head you have. Wyatt is introduced to Titan. Photo sent by grandparents Dan and Renee Barden, members of Adams–Columbia Electric.

2 3

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to the new wecnmagazine.com through the “Submit a photo” tab. Send photos of kids with animals, along with a brief description, to WECN Magazine, 222 W. Washington Ave., Suite 680, Madison, WI 53703-2719. Please include the name of your electric co-op. Photos will be returned. If in good-resolution, electronic format, photos may also be uploaded via wecnmagazine.com through the “Submit a photo” tab. By submitting, sender implies that he/ she has rights to and owns the image, and grants WECN permission to use the image. By submitting, the parent or legal guardian also authorizes us the right to publish the image.

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February 2017

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TRAVEL & CAMPING

CLASSIFIEDS MISCELLANEOUS

COLLECTOR BUYING WAR SOUVENIRS: German, Japanese, U.S. weapons, medals, helmets, daggers, swords, military items. 715-344-5031. WANTED: PAYING CASH FOR WW-2 GERMAN, JAPANESE FLAGS, DAGGERS, SWORDS, GUNS, ETC. 715-340-1974. WANTED: DEER TAGS, back tags. Trapping, bear, hunting, and fishing licenses. Otter, bobcat, fisher tags. Any old traps. David Schober, W4234 Rock Creek Rd., Loyal, WI 54446. 715-255-9284. TARPS–HEAVY DUTY, 14’ x 48’, hemmed. Expired billboard faces. $50each or 10’x 30’ – $24 each. Shipping not included. Tarps can also be picked up at Jones Sign, 1711 Scheuring Road, De Pere, WI 54115. 800-536-7446. WANTED TO BUY: Northern Pacific Railroad caboose. Complete or in pieces. 608-526-5878. TORNADO/STORM SHELTERS. 4 person-30 person. TimberLake Homes; corner of Hwys. 13 and 21. Friendship, WI. 608-339-4663. WANTED: Pre-1970 motorcycle jackets, helmets, parts, etc. Old knives, razor, fountain pen collection. Old signs and toys. Cash Paid. 920-373-3515.

REAL ESTATE

VACATION RENTAL. Five or ten bedroom lodge or cabin. Hatﬁeld, WI. Enjoy Lake Arbutus and Lake Wazee. ATV and snowmobile trails. Bruce Mound ski hill. www.thunderbirdvillage.net. MANUFACTURED, MODULAR HOMES, SINGLEWIDES USED HOMES. TimberLake Homes; corner of Hwys. 13 & 21. Friendship, WI 608-339-4663. ARE YOU EARNING 5%, paid monthly on your funds? IRA & Cash accounts, No stock market risk or fees. Free packet. 608-403-7008. VACATION RENTAL. Cape Coral, Fl. Beautiful 3 bedroom home on gulf access canal. 10,000 lb boat lift. Weekly rental or more. Call Al 608-295-7433. CABIN ON ROCK DAM. Beautiful large lake lot located between Eau Claire and Marshfield. Close to ATV/Snowmobile trails. 715-937-8275.

PLANTS & SHRUBS HARDWOOD AND CONIFER SEEDLINGS AND TRANSPLANTS. Thousands available; oak, maple, mulberry, cherry, highbred poplar, dogwoods, hazelnut, lilac, Balsam Fir, Fraser Fir, spruce, pine, cedar, fruit trees, jumbo transplants, large bare-root shade trees. Hundreds of 3-5 foot conifers of all species at wholesale prices. We plant and transplant large trees with tree spade, too. Check us out on the web at www.paintcreeknursery.com, Facebook and YouTube also. Paint Creek Nursery, Cadott, WI 715-723-2072. WOLF RIVER APPLE TREES. 30 other varieties along with Cherry, Pear, Plum, & Apricot trees. Also Blueberry, Grape, Strawberry, Raspberry, Rhubarb, Asparagus plants & more. Many deciduous & evergreen seedlings & transplants as well. For info write: Woodstock Nursery, N1831 State Hwy. 95, Neillsville, WI 54456 or call toll-free 1-888-803-8733.

2 ACRE ISLAND: Property with 800’ frontage and a vintage 2 bedroom cabin. Garage with cabin on the mainland 1/4 mile across the lake. $98,500. Call or text 715-661-4842.

LOOKING FOR AN OLDER CAR. Do you have a 1975 or older car? If so, I may be interested in buying it. Call Earl at 608-617-9700. STAMP COLLECTORS: Looking to sell or upgrade your holdings, call Peter Ladron. Member APS, ASD&C, past president C.V.S.C. 715-875-4590. SEPTIC PROBLEMS: Do you have standing water on your drain ﬁeld? Have you been told you need a new expensive septic system? I have an alternative that works, also comes with a warranty (no digging). Call 608-797-6072 or 608-633-0633.

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Classified ads reach more than 171,000 mailboxes. RATES: For non-members of Wisconsin rural electric co-ops: one insertion, $25 minimum (up to 20 words); additional words, $1.25 each. For members of Wisconsin rural electric co-ops: one insertion, $14 minimum (up to 20 words); additional words, $.70 each. Count name, address, and phone number as part of ad. Please include zip code. FOR PROOF OF MEMBERSHIP, please include your address label from your copy of the magazine. FREQUENCY DISCOUNTS: 2% discount for 3 months; 5% for 6 months; 10% for 12 months. DEADLINE: 1st of the month prior to the month in which the ad is to appear. All classified ads must be paid in advance. There is no agency discount on classifieds. Make check or money order payable to: WECA. Mail to: WECN, Attn. Tina Walden, 222 W. Washington Ave., Ste. 680, Madison, WI 53703. Ph: 608-467-4599. Email tina@weca.coop

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ENERGY EFFICIENT LANDSCAPING Landscaping adds beauty to your home, but it can also improve energy efficiency. Plant deciduous trees on the south and southwest sides of your home to block heat from the sun in the summer. Deciduous trees lose their leaves in the winter, allowing sunlight to heat your home.

Plant evergreen trees and shrubs on the north and northwest sides of your home to provide shade year-round.

Source: NRECA

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WISCONSIN EVENTS 4 Udder Snowshoe Race/Tour––Athens. Erbach Park, 8 a.m. Awards, prizes, food, games. 715-257-9178. 4 Wild Game Banquet & Seminar–– Oconto Falls. High School, 4–7 p.m. 920-855-2962. 4 Fisheree––Camp Douglas. Eagle’s Nest Resort, 8 a.m.–3 p.m. Raffles, food, ice fishing contest. 608-372-3393. 4 Ice Fishing Rumble––Phillips. RollIn Point, 7 a.m.–5 p.m. Register at Roll-In Point any time prior to 10 a.m. the day of the tournament. $10 per person. Door prizes and basket raffle; food & drinks will be available all day. 715-339-4585. 4 Chili Golf Open––Phillips. Harbor View Pub & Eatery, 9 a.m.– 4 p.m. $25 registration fee includes 9 holes of golf, a bowl of chili, and other goodies. Call to reserve specific tee times, chili cook-off rules, and to pre-register. 715-339-2626. 4 Candlelight Ski-Hike-Snowshoe–– Winter. Flambeau Hills Ski Trail, 6–9 p.m. 715-332-5271 ext. 101. 4–5, 11–12 Classic Toy Train Exhibit–– Platteville. The Mining & Rollo Jamison Museum, 10 a.m.–4 p.m. 5 Meat Raffle––Hager City. Bluffs Bar and Grill, 2–4 p.m. 5 Breakfast Buffet––Phillips. Club 13 Restaurant & Lounge, 8:30–11:30 a.m. 715-339-4639. 5 Super Bowl Party––Phillips. Harbor View Pub & Eatery, 5–10 p.m. 715-339-2626. 6 Stride Piano Stories & Songs with Paul Asaro––Park Falls. Chequamegon High School, 7 p.m. 715-762-3145. 11 Fishing Jamboree––Rib Lake. Little Spirit Boat Landing, 7 a.m.– 3 p.m. 715-573-8014.

February 2017

11 Deb’s Duel––Eau Claire. Westgate Sportsman’s Club, 3–10 p.m. Archery brush shoot, silent auction, food, live auction, Cadillac Ranch Band.

11 Ice Fishing Derby––Oconto Falls. East Side Beach, 7 a.m.–3:30 p.m. $5 per ticket. 920-373-6293. 11 Valentine’s Day Dance & Raffle–– Phillips. Big Elk Bar & Grill, 5–10 p.m. Dance the night away while participating in rafﬂes for prizes. 715-897-2223 or 715-339-6902. 11, 12 Snow Train––North Freedom. Mid-Continent Railway, departures at 11 a.m., 1 p.m., and 3 p.m. 608-522-4261.

25 Expo & Wild Game Feed––Ogema. Baptist Church, 2 p.m. 715-820-2214 or 715-427-0917. 25 “O’-Soul-O’-Me-O” Italian Dinner–– Holcombe. United Methodist Church, 6–8 p.m. $7 or $15 per family. Waiters in tux, live piano background, dance ﬂoor. 715-312-0268. 26 Adult Ice Fishing Contest––Willard. Rock Dam Lake, 10 a.m.–3 p.m. 715-773-0311. 26 Ice Fishing Contest––Medford. Chelsea Conservation Club, 11 a.m. 715-748-4613 or 715-748-3393.

12 Ice Fishing Contest––Cadott. Pike Lake, 12:30–3:30 p.m. 715-962-4386 12 Ice Fishing Contest––Dodge. Dodge Lake, 11 a.m.–3:30 p.m. Stocked lake, heated shelter, prizes, food. 608-539-3008. 18 Vintage Snowmobile Show Ride–– Hager City. The Bluffs Bar & Grill, 9:30 a.m.–4 p.m. 715-495-8836. 18 Winter Pioneer Day––Ridgeland. Downtown, multiple events throughout the day. Horse parade; chicken ﬂy, greased pig contest, cross-cut contest, log skidding demonstrations, plenty of fun for all ages! 20 Kids Ice Fishing Day––Willard. Rock Dam Lake, 12–3 p.m. 715-7730311 or 715-669-3813. 24, 25 Women’s Weekend––Medford. The Veranda, Fri. 4:30–7:30 p.m.; Sat. 10:30 a.m.–8 p.m. $25 registration fee. To register call 715-748-4729. 25 Polar Bear Plunge–– Cazenovia. Lee Lake, live auction at 11:30 a.m.; plunge at 2 p.m. Food, refreshments, rafﬂes. 608-415-1044 or 608-983-2397.

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Upload your March events by February 7. Wisconsin Events is a public service for our readers. Submissions should be received early in the month prior to the month in which the event will occur. Due to space limits, we may need to eliminate details, so be sure to include a phone number (with area code) where callers may obtain more info. If we receive more listings than space allows us to print, we reserve the right to select those we believe will be of interest to the greatest number of readers.

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Grower’s Special

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(Cornus stolonifera) Dark red branches in winter! Creamy flowers and blue-white berries in spring. Lush green leaves in summer. In winter, its blood-red branches are colorful contrasted against the snow. Fall foliage is red. Grow 6-9′ but can be trimmed. Full to partial sun. Strong 1-2′ plants.

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