Issuu

M ARCH 2017

Roller Pigeons Come Home to Roost Page 10

A unique breed, roller pigeons are named for their ability to turn tight somersaults in the air. PHOTO BY JEFF PARIES

Simple Pleasures

The Best of Ruralite Country

ANZA ELECTRIC COOPERATIVE

Katherine MacIver

Reeling in family memories.

ARIZONA’S GENERATION AND TRANSMISSION COOPERATIVES

The Marc and Holly Lever family enjoyed a phenomenal day of spring salmon fishing on the Columbia River. “Five tags, five fish,” says Holly. “Can’t get any better than that!” Pictured from left, Mick, Marc, Emmalia, Lillia, Holly and Natalie.

Geoff Oldfather

DUNCAN VALLEY ELECTRIC COOPERATIVE

Steven Lunt

ELECTRICAL DISTRICT NO. 2

Roselyn Bever

GRAHAM COUNTY ELECTRIC COOPERATIVE

Diane Junion

CURRENTS EDITOR

Mike Teegarden, CCC Currents (USPS 030-520) is published bimonthly for members for $2.03 a year, plus postage, by Ruralite Services Inc., 5605 NE Elam Young Pkwy., Hillsboro, OR 97124—a not-for-profit Oregon cooperative corporation—to serve the communication needs of 53 consumer-owned electric utilities in Oregon, Washington, Alaska, Idaho, Nevada, California, Arizona and Hawaii. Preferred periodical postage paid at Hillsboro, Oregon 97123 and additional mailing offices. © 2017 Ruralite Services Inc. All rights reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part without written permission is prohibited. Postmaster: Send address changes to Currents, 5605 NE Elam Young Pkwy., Hillsboro, OR 97124. HOW TO CONTACT CURRENTS

Subscription services: Nonmember subscriptions $6 (U.S.) per year. Prepayment required. Allow eight weeks for first issue. Be sure to identify the local edition you want to receive. Have a problem receiving your edition of Currents? Utility members should contact the local utility office listed on the back cover. Nonmembers should call (503) 718-3717 or write to Subscriptions, 5605 NE Elam Young Pkwy., Hillsboro, OR 97124. Back issues and extra copies: $2 each, pre-payment required. Supply is limited. Identify edition, month and year. Call to check availability. Reprint permission: Direct all requests to Reprints and Permissions. To contact Ruralite: 5605 NE Elam Young Pkwy., Hillsboro, OR 97124; (503) 357-2105; email info@ruralite.org. Manuscripts and photographs: Please do not send unsolicited materials. If you are interested in writing for Currents, query first. Include a self-addressed stamped envelope for writer’s guidelines. Address requests and queries to Writers Guidelines to the address above.

Photo submitted by Holly Lever of Clatskanie, Oregon.

Share Your Favorite Photos, Stories Our covers and inside photography have always been reader favorites, especially when they are submitted by other readers. So we are always looking for great pictures with interesting stories behind them. Here are two ideas for photos we would like to see. Outdoor Adventures Every angler, hunter, camper and hiker has at least one great

adventure story to tell. What’s yours? Send us your best outdoor tale and photo.

Green-Thumb Moments Do you have a tip for growing the biggest or tastiest produce? Are your flowers the most beautiful in town? If so, send us your favorite gardening tip, along with a good photo. We will pay you $25 if we select one of your photos for

publication in this magazine. Please identify everyone in pictures, including pets. Young children in a picture will be identified by first name only. Email high-resolution digital photos to info@ruralite.org or submit prints by mail to: Simple Pleasures Ruralite Magazine 5605 NE Elam Young Pkwy. Hillsboro, OR 97124

Inside

March 2017 Vol. 52 No. 2

What’s Eating You? 12

Strategies to keep four-legged interlopers from feasting on your foliage. Also In This Issue Plugged In 6 Side Roads 10 In the Kitchen 16 At Home 18

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Great Picture Hunt 22 Marketplace 26 Parting Shot 30

Your local utility pages: 4-5, 8, 25, 28-29, 32

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MARCH 2017

Anza Electric

Director Candidate Petitions Available Four board seats open this year

Anza Electric Cooperative Inc. is governed by seven directors representing the three districts of the cooperative’s service area. Four seats on the Anza Electric Cooperative Board of Directors will be open for election this July. Districts I and II will have one seat available each. District III will have two seats available, with one seat for a three-year term and one seat for a one-year term due to a recently vacated position. AEC’s democratically elected board of directors is responsible for setting policy for the only electric distribution cooperative in Southern California. Directors are committed to policies that result in a safe and reliable electric system, fair rates, financial responsibility and superior member service. Each year, eligible AEC members can seek nomination for director positions up for election through the petition process established by AEC’s bylaws. Each three-year term on the board of directors is held by a cooperative member. The AEC board meets once a month. At times,

Director Resigns Joel Carlisle resigned from the Anza Electric board of directors due to a recent move from District III. He served on the AEC board from 2008 to December 2016. At the January board meeting, the board of directors voted to fill this seat with the upcoming July election. Seats from each of the three districts, along with the recently vacated seat, will be open for a total of four seats at the July election.

M A R C H 2 0 17

directors are asked to represent the cooperative at additional meetings. Directors are expected to travel and attend educational seminars leading to board certification. If you are interested in serving on the board, you can pick up a packet containing a petition, candidate declaration of eligibility and resume form at the cooperative office or download it at www.anzaelectric.org. Thirty valid member signatures are required for each candidate petition. If two names are listed on a membership account (e.g. John and Susan Smith), only one person is eligible to sign the petition. All AEC members in good standing and residing within the cooperative service area may become a director, except for employees of the cooperative and those who are in any way employed or financially interested in a competing enterprise or business selling electrical energy or electric or plumbing appliances to the cooperative. There are two positions available in District III due to recently vacated position. Petitions for District III are for either a one-year or a three-year position. The petition must be marked with either the three-year or one-year term positions. If the one-year term is selected, the elected director’s term will end in 2018. If the director wishes to remain on the board after 2018, he or she must again go through the petition process, and possibly the election process, in 2018. If only one petition is received for this position in 2018, that candidate will be automatically seated for a three-year term. No election would be needed since no other petitions were received. The deadline for returning petitions is Wednesday May 24, 2017. Director positions will be filled when the election results are announced at the annual membership meeting Saturday, July 22. n

Director Responsibilities Mission and Purpose The board regularly evaluates whether decisions and policies help the cooperative successfully further its commitment to serving our communities by providing excellent member services, and safe and reliable energy services at a competitive price. Governance The cooperative’s board of directors approves and may amend business rules and rates, which govern the cooperative’s dealings with members. Legal and Ethical Accountability AEC board members adopt and enforce policies, resolutions and actions governing ethical conduct, accountability and compliance with applicable laws and regulations. Financial Oversight The board of directors establishes financial targets and goals and approves the cooperative’s budget. Board members also review and approve significant investments, loans and acquisitions, and the rates and terms for providing electric service to cooperative members. The board is responsible for evaluating periodic financial statements, reports and information, and considering internal control procedures. Operational Oversight The board discharges its duty to manage the affairs of the cooperative by delegating day-to-day management responsibilities to the general manager. The general manager is hired by and answers to the board. Board members consider and approve AEC business initiatives.

Excerpt From the Cooperative Bylaws Relating to Nomination Process Article IV, Section 4 – Nominations. a. Any qualified member from the required district may be nominated for Director by official petition of not less than thirty (30) members of the cooperative. Official petition forms will be available at the cooperative headquarters ninety (90) days prior to the deadline for filing the petition for the calendar year in which Director’s term expires. b. All candidates’ nomination petitions shall be submitted to the Secretary of the cooperative by the candidate, together with such additional information as may be requested by the Secretary, not less than sixty (60) days before the date of the meeting at which Directors will be elected. c. The Secretary shall review all candidate nomination petitions to ensure that the requisite number of signatures are contained in the petition. d. The Secretary shall cause to be posted a list of all qualified nominations at the Cooperative’s headquarters building and shall cause to be mailed with the notice of meeting or separately, but at least seven (7) days before the date of the meeting at which Directors are to be elected, a statement of the number of Directors being elected, and the names and addresses of the candidates. e. In the event petitions are received for only the number of Directors to be elected and the Secretary determines the petitions in order and the candidate qualified, no further election process shall be held and those candidates nominated shall be declared elected as Directors at the annual meeting.

MARCH 2017

Plugged In

Using Electricity Safely and Efficiently

As technology evolves, so do the products that use LEDs. Here, an application the size of a business card creates enough light to serve as a night light. Photo by Brandon Pomrenke

Can You See Me Now? LEDs offer versatile, long-lasting, quality lighting—and are a good investment both indoors and out By Dale Anderson and Jennifer Brown

Anyone who receives their power from a rural electric utility probably has seen the picture of the farm couple from the late 1930s or early 1940s with a 60-watt lightbulb shining in their kitchen shortly after electricity finally made it to their home. Then—and for years to follow—the incandescent lightbulb was state-of-the-art technology. Then came the introduction of fluorescent lamps, as well as metal halide, mercury vapor, highpressure sodium and quartz halogen lighting. These lights use a lot of wattage and do a pretty good job of lighting, but each has a tendency to yellow over time, and the light degrades with age. High-wattage incandescent lights have had a good run because they are inexpensive, but they also have a short life span and have a tendency to 6

M A R C H 2 0 17

be far more efficient at heating than lighting—and the one thing detrimental to the life span of lights is heat. Since the late 1990s, there have been significant changes in the lighting industry. As interest in energy conservation took hold, new bulbs surfaced, including compact fluorescent bulbs. Fluorescent lights have been a welcome sight in dimly lit shops, and grocery and big-box stores. However, the wave of the future is LEDs—lightemitting diodes—which are solid-state semiconductors that emit light when a current passes through them. The bulbs provide great light while using low wattage. LEDs can replace many different types of lights, with similar sizes and shapes to make an easier retrofit than CFLs in most settings. LEDs also have a growing application in outdoor lighting.

Many people think of the incandescent bulb as strictly residential in application, but in the beginning, it was the only bulb in town. As a result, incandescent bulbs of various sizes were used for outdoor lighting. Unfortunately, incandescent bulbs have a relatively short life, and early versions had a relatively weak output. Still, any light on previously dark streets was an improvement. Today, LEDs shine in the spotlight. These light sources have a number of advantages, but not all lighting is created equal. Energy Star-qualified LED lighting: • Reduces energy costs. LEDs use at least 75 percent less energy than incandescent lighting. • Has excellent color quality. The color of light produced is much more appealing and can be tuned, if desired. The light-emitting component of an LED bulb cannot produce white light. It more commonly produces amber, red, green and blue. To get the kind of lighting used for homes and offices, different colors of LEDs are mixed or covered with a phosphor material that converts the color of the light. The phosphor is the yellow material seen on some LED products. • Has longer life spans. LED lighting lasts 15 to 20 times longer than incandescent lighting and two to three times longer than fluorescent lighting. • Has constant light output over time. Output only decreases toward the end of the rated lifetime (at least 35,000 hours or 12 years based on use of eight hours a day). What’s Next? While LEDs are still on the cusp of becoming everyday lighting, there are other technologies in development. Organic light-emitting diodes are similar to LEDs in that they are solid-state devices that produce light when current passes through them. Unlike LEDs, they are made up of multiple, organic semiconductive layers that produce diffused light. OLEDs are extremely thin and flexible, which has enabled them to be effectively used in displays, such as mobile phone screens and TVs. Manufacturers are developing OLED lighting as well—primarily for decorative architectural panels at this point, although some OLED lamps and TVs are available today. n Sources: National Rural Electric Coooperative Association, Energy Star

Incandescent

Halogen

CFL

Least Efficient Bright

450

Lumens

800

Lumens

1100

Lumens

1600

Brightest

LED Most Efficient

Energy Used

$4.82/year

$3.49/year

$1.32/year

$1.08/year

40w 60w

$7.23/year

75w

$9.03/year

100w

29w 43w

$5.18/year

53w

$6.38/year

72w

11w 13w

$1.57/year

20w

$2.41/year

23w

12w

$1.44/year

17w

$2.05/year

20w

Lumens

$12.05/year

$8.67/year

$2.77/year

$2.41/year

Rated Life

1 Year

5 to 8 Years

6 to 10 years

15 to 25 Years

Lighting accounts for 10 to 15 percent of electric bill Estimated energy cost per year is based on three hours of use per day at 11 cents per kilowatt-hour.

What are My Lighting Choices? Although the future of lighting lies with LEDs, they are not the only option available to consumers. Traditional incandescents produce light using electricity to heat a metal filament until it becomes “white” hot or is said to incandesce. These bulbs release 90 percent of their energy as heat. Halogen incandescents have a capsule inside that holds gas around a filament to increase bulb efficiency. They are available in various shapes and colors, and can be used with dimmers. Compact fluorescent lamps are curly versions of long tube fluorescent lights. An electric current flows between electrodes at each end of a tube containing gases. This reaction produces ultraviolet heat and light. The UV light is transformed into visible light when it strikes a phosphor coating on the inside of a bulb. CFLs are available in a range of light colors, including warm tones. Fluorescent bulbs contain a small amount of mercury, and should be recycled at the end of their life span. Light-emitting diodes are a type of solid-state lighting— semiconductors that convert electricity into light. LEDs are available as replacements for 40-watt, 60-watt and 75-watt traditional incandescents; reflector bulbs often used in recessed fixtures and desk lamps; and outdoor area lights. They come in a variety of colors. n

MARCH 2017

Multiple Ways to Pay Your Bills

Want to Receive Outage Notifications? When power outages occur, you want to know what is happening, and fast. AEC has a messaging system in place for text messages and emails. You can sign up online at www.trumpia.com/ onlineSignup/anzaelectric/ signup or you can visit our website, www.anzaelectric. org and select “messaging” from the Member Services tab. Once your information is entered, you will receive an email and/or text message asking for your confirmation. Be sure to respond to get your name into the system. If you are interested in receiving only text messages, you may text “Anza” to short code 99000. This short code works like a cell phone number but is set up for Anza Electric Cooperative’s text messaging service. For further outage information, follow us on Facebook or check for updates at www. anzaelectric.org.

M A R C H 2 0 17

Pay Your Bill Online or Set up Automatic Draft Online bill pay is available through www.anzaelectric.org. Click the Pay Online button on the home page. You will be directed to the bill payment portal. Use your account number for the first required field (Account Number/User ID). Then use your member number for the password field. For example, if the account number listed on your bill is 12345001, enter 12345001 as your account number/user ID. For the password field, enter your member number, which is the number preceding the series of zeroes or using the example above, the member number would be 12345. Call Toll-Free 24/7 (844) 311-7201 The pay-by-phone system will recognize your phone number if it is listed on your account and link to it. If you are calling from another number, you simply need to enter your account number to pay. If you have a payment profile

set up, the system will ask if you want to use the payment information on file. If a payment profile has not been set up, please follow the instructions above under Pay Your Bill Online. Pay by Text To use the pay-by-text program, you must have a payment profile set up within the billing system. To do that, set up your payment profile online. See the first paragraph to learn how to access your account online.

Once the payment profile has been set up, use short code 352667. The short code is a like a cell phone number, except it is only 6 digits long. By sending one of the codes in the box below to the short code, you can get information about your account, pay your bill or get balance information. Pay With Cash or Check Cash or check payments can be made at the AEC office. Checks also can be mailed to PO Box 391909, Anza, CA 92539.

Command

What Command Does

BAL

Provides current account balance

HELP

Provides information about the service

JOIN

Starts the opt-in process

Returns a list of the commands

PAY

Makes a payment using a credit card or E-check profile

RESET

Resets the text session to start again

START

Confirms member’s opt-in to the service

STOP

Allows member to opt out of service

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Side Roads

Discoveries Oﬀ the Beaten Path

Fascination With Roller Pigeons Comes Home to Roost By Jennifer Brown

Above, pigeons come home to roost near Stafford, Arizona. Opposite page, Gary Richards’ pigeons are a unique breed. They are roller pigeons, named for their ability to turn tight somersaults in the air and even on the ground. Photos by Jeff Paries

The Collecting Bug

1950s Prom Dresses a Reminder of Simpler Times

Jan Lewis of Bend, Oregon, has collected 1950s prom dresses for about 20 years. “They remind me of happy times, with good friends,” she says. Pictured are just a small number of the dresses she has collected through the years. Jan moved recently, so she says many of her long prom dresses are still packed away. 10

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Squinting in the Arizona sun, his head tilted back and eyes scanning the sky, Gary Richards, 61, watches his birds perform their aerial feats. “If it’s not windy, they go so high you can’t see them,” he says. “The only time they leave is if something chases them.” Gary, a machinist by day and an oncall volunteer with the City of Safford Fire Department, needs to go no farther than his backyard to indulge his hobby of raising roller pigeons. There, a 12-foot-by 8-foot breeding pen houses pairs of birds. Two 4-foot-by-8-foot kit boxes house birds that are ready to fly. Gary’s interest in birds dates back to his youth, when he owned various breeds of pigeons. It began when, at age 7, Gary raided barns looking for birds with the help of his older brother, Keith. “My mom, if she knew where we’d been, she’d still kick my butt,” Gary says with a laugh. Gary owns two breeds of roller pigeons: Birmingham rollers and parlor rollers. Both breeds compete in annual competitions: two with the National Birmingham Rollers Club, an organization of people who raise rollers; and the World Cup, held annually at a different location around the world. Birmingham rollers distinguish themselves by their ability to roll, or somersault, backwards in rapid, tight rotations. In competitions, groups—called kits— of up to 20 pigeons are flown at one time. They have to fly for at least 20 minutes and keep a tight grouping while in the air to receive points. Points also are awarded for breaks—five birds tumbling at once. More than five birds tumbling at once garner additional points. The length of the fall also weighs in.

Parlor rollers cannot fly. They roll— turn somersaults—on the ground. Competitions are based solely on how far the bird rolls. When raising rollers, the birds’ living quarters typically are divided into several compartments. Separation pens are used to divide the sexes during nonbreeding season. During breeding season, pairs of birds reproduce in a breeding pen. Each pair has a nest box, where they lay eggs and raise their young. Competition birds are housed together, as a team, in kit boxes. The boxes also are the point from which the birds take flight—comparable to a runway, with clearance—and where they return. Gary owns about 160 birds, most of which are the Birmingham variety. He prefers to breed 12 pairs of birds at a time. “When mating birds, find the ones with habits that you like,” he says. “Hopefully, you’ll get the ones that work—you made the right choice.” The babies are raised to fly. After they have flown for two to three years, they are moved to the breeding pen. When the birds are done breeding, Gary tries to find a new home for them.

“I hope to find someone to use them,” he says. “Hopefully, a young kid trying to start.” Gary says the birds are ideal for children to work with, and are often used in 4-H Club programs. “They can handle them,” he says. “They won’t fly off.” It is important for trainers to keep their birds on a schedule. “All you teach them is discipline,” Gary says. “All the rolling is in their genes.” The birds’ behavior can be manipulated by the quality of their food. When flying them, their feed is mostly a mix of milo, wheat and corn. “Lots of protein can calm them down some,” Gary says. “Hardly any protein can make them nuts. It’s a balance.” Gary says he tries to give his birds direction as much as possible. “A good trainer uses a whistle and gets the birds back with food,” he says. For Gary, raising roller pigeons is about more than training and competition. “I got more friends through the pigeons than any other hobby I’ve ever had,” he says. “I can go to any state, take my directory, call up anyone and have a place to stay.” n

Above, Denise Simmons creates art with feathers she has collected. Right, a tiger and cub creation is another example of Denise’s feather art.

Art With a Feathered Touch By Craig Reed

Give Denise Simmons a pile of feathers and she will turn them into art. She might create a tiger, a bird, a hot air balloon, or even a lighthouse and ocean waves. The Oakland, Oregon, woman creates her artwork by layering feathers of different types and colors. “I mainly do what I call feather painting,” says Denise. “It’s the layering of real feathers, a collage in fiber arts.” Denise has collected hundreds of different types and colors of feathers. She receives many of them from friends and bird people she has connected with online. Her production process involves research, design, material and

placement stages. “Once those are all in sync, which might take a month, then I begin,” Denise says. “I’m not a production worker. I let the art evolve.” Denise manipulates the feathers, cutting or bending them to fit. She uses a feather’s quill for the beak on a bird or for branches, and a natural-base glue to hold the feathers as she layers them. “Feathers have a life,” Denise says. “They shine and they’re iridescent. Their iridescence can change with the angle you look from.” n

MARCH 2017

Oh, Deer! What’s Eating You? Implement three primary strategies to keep those four-legged interlopers from feasting on your foliage By Pamela A. Keene

The succulent plants you so carefully tend in your garden are like an oasis in a desert—a feast for the eyes and stomach, waiting to be harvested at just the right time. Sometimes, though, the fruits of your labor are prematurely usurped by a garden intruder impressed by what it sees as a gourmet, all-you-can-eat buffet. “Deer are looking for the highestquality food, and our yards often offer the best smorgasbord,” says Dana Sanchez, a wildlife specialist for Oregon State University Extension Service. “When taking loving care of our plants—watering well and fertilizing— we’re producing a really superior plant compared to what’s in the natural environment. They are more tender and have more nutrition and water content.” How do you keep deer from feasting on what you want to enjoy? According to nationally recognized gardening expert Joe Lamp’l, creator and host of the award-winning PBS television series “Growing a Greener World,” there are three primary strategies: exclusion through physical barriers, repellents and

Identify Your Pests Do you know what is eating your plants, flowers, vegetables and shrubs? When it comes to mammals in your landscape, recognizing the signs can help you ferret out the culprit and take steps to minimize the damage. Here are telltale signs of specific critters. XX Deer. Look for hoof prints in soft soil, a pile of droppings about the size of large kidney beans and the type of chewing on foliage. Deer only have lower teeth in the front of their mouths, so they tear leaves at an angle that results in rough jagged or ragged leaves and stems on plants. XX Rabbits. With upper and lower teeth, rabbits leave behind clean cuts on leaves and stems. They also may leave piles of droppings that are pea-sized. XX Squirrels. Mainly interested in digging, squirrels are most likely to attempt to remove freshly planted flower bulbs. XX Voles. These subterranean herbivores make pathways across your yard in their quest for food. Classified as a rodent—they look like snub-tailed mice—voles typically eat roots and the base of plants. XX Moles. With their large front feet, these underground dwellers make entry holes in the ground that look like small volcanoes. They graze on earthworms and grubs as they make their way beneath the surface, pushing the ground above them upward and leaving visible trails. n

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making appropriate plant choices. “There’s no foolproof method for keeping deer from eating your landscape if they’re hungry enough, but there are some ways to minimize the damage,” says Joe. “It takes persistence and a few tricks, but you can keep deer at bay.” Fence Them Out The most reliable way to address a deer issue is to create a physical barrier or a way to exclude deer from your landscape, Joe says. “Building a fence around your vegetable garden will do a great deal to reduce deer damage, but not just any fence will do,” he says. Joe suggests building a double threestrand fence, like those used for livestock protection. Mount plastic insulators on 36-inch wooden, fiberglass or metal stakes. Make two concentric circles around the area, 3 feet apart. String together the stakes in each circle with wire strands, placing the wire in the outside circle, 18 inches from the ground. Then put two strands on the inner stakes at 10 and 24 inches. “A deer’s depth perception is not good, so they will sense the presence of the two fences, but will be very unlikely to attempt to jump both,” says Michael Mengak, wildlife specialist professor at the University of Georgia. “You’ve created a visual and physical barrier against them without putting up an unsightly stockade-style fence. A deer may try to jump the fence, but it won’t be able to clear both circles. It will most likely jump back out than attempt to cross the inner fence’s 24-inch barrier.” Electricity—either through solar power or a battery-operated source—can be added, but Joe says that is not necessary in most cases. If a double fence is not practical from a space standpoint, he suggests building a standard fence from posts and chicken wire, woven field wire or welded mesh wire at least 8 feet tall. Make sure the

A young deer takes its pick of greens in a well-tended garden. Photo by Teddy Fisher

fencing is tight against the ground. Deer will not burrow, but they will look for an easy way to go under it. Individual plants or smaller plant groupings can be protected by draping them with lightweight netting. Loosely secure the netting around the base of the plant to prevent the deer from nibbling on the leaves. Carefully Consider Repellents Frustrated gardeners have resorted to a variety of techniques to try to deter Bambi and friends from foraging and grazing on prized roses, vegetables and hydrangeas: human hair, Irish Spring soap shavings, aluminum pie pans suspended on string, motion-activated lights and water sprinklers. Others have tried crushing garlic, concocting a mixture of fragrant herbs or spraying capsaicin oil onto plants to keep the deer away. “Some of these methods may work for the short term, but deer are creatures of habit and they’ll adjust to these attempts

to add a human scent to frighten them,” says Neil Soderstrom, author of “DeerResistant Landscaping: Proven Advice and Strategies for Outwitting Deer and 20 Other Pesky Mammals.” “We’ve heard of people using powdered baby formula, homemade concoctions that contain rosemary or other herbs, hot sauce, and even human or animal urine,” he says. Neil says commercially available repellents have a higher success rate, but the key is to alternate their use. “The odor will dissipate over time, so you must be diligent in applying them every 10 days or so, and after it rains,” he says. Recognized brands are Liquid Fence, Deer Away, Deer Out, Deer Stopper and Hinder. They are applied directly to leaves and the stem to create smells and tastes offensive to deer. Repellex offers two types of repellents: a liquid spray applied to the plants and leaves, and systemic tablets or granular forms put into the soil, then absorbed into

the plant, making it bitter to animals. The process takes several weeks, so it is important to use a spray on the foliage the first few weeks. Most box retailers and nurseries offer a choice of products in liquids, concentrates or powders. Completely read the labels, including cautions, before using to ensure the product is safe if used on fruits and vegetables. For an organic deer-repellent that is marketed as fertilizer, try Milorganite—a wastewater treatment byproduct that has been produced by the Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewerage District for more than 90 years. Milorganite is the result of recycling nutrients in the city’s wastewater by using microbes that are then kiln-dried, bagged and sold. The organic nitrogen-based slow-release fertilizer produces an odor offensive to deer. “I’ve seen it used as a fertilizer and deer repellent, and the deer don’t seem to browse in areas treated with Milorganite,” Joe says. “I find it to be very effective.” MARCH 2017

Pick Native Plants In the wild, plants develop defenses such as waxy leaves or prickles that make them more adapted to surviving grazing. Even when they do get nibbled, natives are more likely to survive than the succulent plants in our gardens. “We’re often selecting plants from other parts of the world that didn’t get to learn through evolution about the herbivores in our ecosystem,” says Dana. “They’re naïve. Even roses that have prickles don’t have them around the beautiful blossoms, which the deer just snap off. They easily take what they want.” Choosing the right kinds of plants— those deer typically do not like—can reduce the likelihood of free-range foraging in your landscape. “Native plants are among the best bets for your garden and landscape,” Joe says. “Native plants evolved at the same time as your area’s wildlife and developed their own resistance to deer feeding to survive.” Some plants are more appealing to hungry deer than others. Daylilies, hydrangeas, hosta, azaleas, rhododendron, roses, fruit trees, arborvitae and Leyland cypress are ready-made food sources. Garden experts recommend not planting these if you have a high-traffic deer area. Instead, look for plants and trees on the less-likely-to-be-eaten list, including

A fawn ignores pavement to feed on an especially delicious grassy lawn. Photo courtesy of Pixabay

boxwoods, hollies, ornamental grasses, hellebores/Lenten roses, ferns, butterfly bushes, cedar trees, redwoods and hemlocks. Consider planting them in the outer reaches of your landscape. “Deer are determined and persistent when it comes to filling their tummies,” Dana notes. Sometimes combining deer-desirable plants with those deer do not like can reduce the chance of having your colorful flower beds mowed to the ground. Mixing marigolds with pentas or lantana or Angelonia with impatiens tends to keep deer from grazing. Some gardeners intersperse pansies with spring onions to make deer work harder to sort out the plants they like to eat. “Use ‘decoy plants’ around your landscape to attract deer away from your

valued plants,” Joe says. “For instance, give up part of your property to deerfriendly plants in hopes that they will focus on this readily available food source. However, if the deer are hungry enough, they will eat anything, so no method is completely effective.” As creatures of habit, deer tend to feed in the same areas for generations— which can be problematic when invading their territory to create new neighborhoods, compromising their food and water sources. “The key is making sure we have a way to live with wildlife,” says Michael. “It may mean habitat modification, but it’s important to strike a balance between the needs of people and the needs of animals.” n Check your local county extension office website for plant recommendations specific to your area.

Take Your Garden Into the Digital Age With Helpful Apps From types of plants to sun and water requirements to knowing the ins and outs of common diseases and pests, keeping a simple garden alive and healthy can become an endless battle. Gardening apps are designed to help. At the click of a button on your smartphone or tablet, you can get advice on types of plants and vegetables to grow; track your garden’s progress; receive tips for pest and weed control; and get a to-do list for your crop, from germination to harvest. Following are free iPhone and Android apps with features even experienced gardeners can appreciate.  Garden Compass. Get advice from a network of botanical experts while building a virtual replica of your garden.  Garden Answers Plant Identification. Identify plants, pests and diseases.  Grow Your Own from the Royal

M A R C H 2 0 17

Horticultural Society. Know when to plant, and receive a to-do list for each crop.  Burpee Garden Time Planner. Keep track of multiple plots and check off to-do lists.  Leafsnap. Snap a picture of a leaf and the app identifies the tree type.  iScape. Use a digital model of your home’s front yard to place plants and see how it looks before planting.  Garden Compass Plant and Disease Identifier. Take a picture of your diseased or pest-ridden plant and get a diagnosis from experts.  ID Weeds. Identify weeds and get tips to rid them.  Garden Plan Pro. Find the best seasons to grow, and get reminders of when you should plant.  Life Diary. Use as your garden diary to keep track of planting, watering and fertilizing. n

Simplify Your Routine With Innovative Tools By Victoria Hampton

Gardening is a wholesome task of manipulating the soil, planting favorite flowers and vegetables, and watching nature take its course—with plenty of nurturing in between. While the process of gardening may be the same, the tools used continue to improve. Stay true to your love of weeding, watering and reaping, but make the process easier with these innovative tools. Easily Protect Plants Keep spring plants and vegetables safe from cold temperatures and wind with pop-up plant covers. The covers pop open and close for easy use and storage. Gardener’s Supply Co. says its product can help plants grow 25 percent faster, leading to an earlier harvest.

organized and safe when rolling into your garden. Your keys, phone and sunglasses make the trip in a closeable compartment. www.littleburros.com | $60

Garden Know It All The Edyn Garden Sensor lets you know what is going on with your garden at all times. The solar-powered garden sensor connects to your home’s Wi-Fi to send you data on your garden via the Edyn app. The sensor tracks garden light, moisture, humidity and nutrition. www.edyn.com | $100

Pop-up covers protect plants from weather extremes. Photo courtesy of Gardener’s Supply Co.

www.gardeners.com | $13 to $20

The Ultimate Leaf Rake Say goodbye to straight wooden hand holds and inflexible rakes, and hello to ergonomic, lightweight and flexible, specially designed tines. Fiskars' 24-inch leaf rake makes sprucing up your yard a breeze, while getting optimal results with every swipe. www.Fiskars.com | $20

Water When You are Gone Take the stress out of watering your garden with a water timer. The Orbit SingleDial Hose Faucet Timer has a large dial that allows you to easily program it for your watering needs. It is battery operated and weatherproof. Orbit also has models with multiple hose valves for large-scale watering. www.orbitonline.com | $30

Keep Your Wheelbarrow Organized Make one trip with the Little Burro wheelbarrow organizer. Multiple partitions and rack and shovel rests allow you to keep all your gardening tools

A timer makes easy work of watering. Photo courtesy of Orbit Irrigation

Compost Organic Matter Faster If your compost pile is not producing fast enough, try a tumbling composter. The Yimby composter’s dual chamber allows for fast and efficient homemade compost. Turn the tumbler every few days to break up material and help speed up decomposition. www.gardeners.com | $90

A Better Shovel Much like the handy rake, a shovel is an essential gardening tool. The Radius ProLite Shovel has a round point, ergonomic handle and works in all soil types. Along with being sturdy, it comes in multiple colors such as green, purple and blue. www.radiusgardencom | $31

The Radius Pro-Lite Shovel has an ergonomic handle. Photo courtesy of Radius Garden MARCH 2017

In the Kitchen

Recipes That Satisfy

Go Green With Avocados Avocado Coconut Ice Pops

1 fresh avocado 1 cup coconut milk 2 tablespoons honey (may substitute with 2 tablespoons sugar) 2 tablespoons lemon juice ¼ cup sweetened shredded coconut

Place avocado, coconut milk, honey and lemon into a blender. Blend on high until smooth. Pour into 5-ounce paper cups (or other mold). Place in freezer until firm, but not frozen, about 30 minutes to 1 hour. Insert wooden sticks and sprinkle even amounts of shredded coconut into each cup. Return to freezer for about 4 hours or until firm. Recipe courtesy of Fresh Avocados— Love One Today

Mexican Chicken Salad Stuffed Avocados 2 cups shredded cold rotisserie chicken 10-ounce can diced tomatoes with habaneros, drained 1/3 cup chopped celery 1/3 cup light mayonnaise 1 tablespoon chopped fresh cilantro 1/4 teaspoon seasoned salt 1/8 teaspoon ground black pepper 3 large avocados, halved and pitted

Combine chicken, drained tomatoes, celery, mayonnaise, cilantro, salt and pepper in medium bowl to make chicken salad. Top each avocado half with 1/3 cup chicken salad. Recipe courtesy of ReadySetEat

Vegan Avocado Ceviche 1 ripe avocado, halved, pitted, peeled and cubed 1 cup cauliflower, diced 16

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Icy green treats made with avocados are a fun way to boost fruit intake. Photo courtesy of Fresh Avocados—Love One Today©

2 tomatoes, diced 1/3 cup red onion, finely diced 1 tablespoon jalapeño pepper, minced 1 clove garlic, minced 1 tablespoon fresh cilantro, chopped 1 tablespoon lime juice ½ teaspoon salt 1 tablespoon olive oil

In a large bowl, combine avocado, cauliflower, tomatoes, onion, jalapeño, garlic, cilantro, lime juice, salt and olive oil. Transfer to a serving bowl. Serve with homemade pita chips. Recipe courtesy of Fresh Avocados— Love One Today

Rockin’ Guacamole Sweet Potato Bites Cooking spray 4 sweet potatoes, unpeeled, cut into ¼-inch-thick slices (about 2 pounds) 2 teaspoons chili powder 1 teaspoon paprika 1 teaspoon garlic powder 1 teaspoon salt, divided 1/4 teaspoon ground black pepper, divided 1/4 tablespoon canola oil 3 ripe avocados, pitted and peeled 10-ounce can diced tomatoes and green chilies, drained

Avocado replaces heavy cream in this tomato soup. Photo courtesy of Fresh Avocados— Love One Today©

1/2 cup chopped red onion 1 tablespoon lime juice 6 slices cooked bacon, finely chopped 1/4 cup chopped cilantro

Heat oven to 450 F. Spray two baking sheets with cooking spray; set aside. In a small bowl, mix together the chili powder, paprika, garlic powder, 1/2 teaspoon salt and 1/8 teaspoon pepper. Place sliced sweet potatoes in a large bowl and drizzle with oil. Sprinkle with spice mixture and toss until well coated. Place potatoes in a single layer on the baking sheets and bake for 10 to 12 minutes on each side, switching the baking sheets in the oven halfway through cooking. While potatoes are baking, mash avocados in a medium bowl. Stir in drained tomatoes, onion, lime juice, and remaining salt and pepper; cover and refrigerate. Top each sweet potato slice evenly with guacamole, bacon and cilantro. Recipe courtesy of ReadySetEat

Avocado Tomato Soup 1 tablespoon olive oil ¾ cup chopped onion 2 cloves garlic, minced

Roasted sweet potatoes are seasoned and topped with guacamole and bacon.

Feeling blue? Beef stew may be the answer. Share your comfort food recipes with us.

Photo courtesy of ReadySetEat

Photo by Mike Teegarden

14.5-ounce can diced tomatoes in juice 2 tablespoons tomato paste 1½ cups low-sodium tomato juice 3 cups low-sodium chicken broth 2 teaspoons sugar ½ teaspoon pepper 2 ripe avocados, halved, pitted, peeled and sliced ½ teaspoon dried thyme Fresh thyme, for garnish

'Comfort Food' Recipe Contest

Heat oil in a large pot over medium heat. Add onion. Cook, stirring frequently, about 5 minutes until translucent. Add garlic; cook 1 minute. Stir in tomatoes and their juice, tomato paste, tomato juice, sugar, pepper and dried thyme. Add broth. Increase heat to medium high, bringing soup to a boil. Reduce heat; let simmer 5 minutes. Let soup cool for 5 to 10 minutes. Cut 11/2 of the avocados into cubes and add to cooled tomato mixture. Puree the tomato and avocado mixture using an immersion blender until smooth. Reheat before serving. Alternatively, puree soup in a food processor until smooth. Add pureed soup back to the pot and reheat before serving. To serve, pour soup into shallow bowls. Slice remaining avocado half and place on top of soup.

Sometimes, the best cure for what ails you is food that provides a little emotional comfort. Whether it is a dish that reminds you of your childhood, a beloved relative or a favorite destination, we want to know your “comfort food” recipe, which could be featured in our Comfort Foods Cookbook. To enter, email your name, address, the name of your electric utility and up to two original recipes to recipecontest@ ruralite.org with “Recipe Contest” in the subject line, or mail typed recipes to Recipe Contest, 5605 NE Elam Young Pkwy., Hillsboro, OR 97124 by Monday, May 15, 2017. Photos of the dish are welcome. Submitted photos will not be returned. Seven grand-prize winners will receive $100 and a copy of the finished cookbook. Winners will be announced Fall 2017.

Note: Large avocados are recommended for this recipe. A large avocado averages about 8 ounces. If using smaller or larger size avocados, adjust the quantity accordingly. Recipe courtesy of Fresh Avocados— Love One Today MARCH 2017

At Home

Books, Hobbies, Crafts and More

Books I am looking for the book “The Murder of John Hawks” by Donna and John Skovlin, 1990. My greatgreat-grandparents are mentioned and pictured in the book. It is out of print. I will pay the original purchase price. Thank you. Patty Millage 26721 Pickens Road Eugene, OR 97402 mikemillage@live.com

Crafts My son lives with autism. He wants to fill clear ornaments for next year’s gifts. Please send anything that is safe to go in these ornaments. Thanks. Unable to return postage. Georgina McVay P.O. Box 3455 Bay City, OR 97107

In need of regular black Sharpie markers for an art project. I was recently laid off and am unable to offer much for postage. Thank you for reading this. S. Cook 316 E. 13th St. The Dalles, OR 97058

Seeking donations of cotton fabric suitable for little girl dresses. My church is involved with the DressA-Girl Around The World project. We need cotton fabric in lengths of 1 yard or more. Ribbon, rickrack and quarter-inch elastic would also be helpful. Thank you for your donations. Donna Hammond 89654 Dellmoor Loop Warrenton, OR 97146 sugarshack5153@yahoo.com

Looking for “Just Cards” stamping magazines. Also, nature calendars from any year. Will reimburse postage if requested. D. Howell 456 Winterton Road Sandpoint, ID 83864

I am looking for beginner’s books for embroidery work. I have a young granddaughter who wants to learn and I don’t live close enough to help her much. If anyone has a book or magazine that would help us, I would appreciate receiving it. Will reimburse postage. Thanks so much. Doris Dabill P.O. Box 3466 Lake City, CA 96115

Submitting Requests to At Home is Free Please send your request to At Home, 5605 NE Elam Young Parkway, Hillsboro, OR 97124, or email it (no attachments) to athome@ruralite.org. Please fill in the subject line with At Home. Acceptance, scheduling and editing are at the editor’s discretion. Single requests only, please. No duplicates. Submissions are handled on a first-come basis. Phone numbers will not be published. Email addresses will be published if part of the ad, but the request must include a postal address. Request must include name, address and name of the electric utility that provides your magazine.

M A R C H 2 0 17

Music Seeking sheet music to an old Christmas song starting “It is Christmas and each child wants a gift, and we tell them they will get one only if …” Will pay reasonable cost and postage. Karen Hansen P.O. Box 7830 Brookings, OR 97415

Odds I have been collecting circles from bags of cat and dog food for a program called “Smiles for Seniors.” I sent some to Barry and Jana, but lost their address. If you are interested in more, please contact me. Shirley ReNae Egbert 190 S. Crystal Drive Rupert, ID 83350

Port Orford Relief Society is asking for quilting/sewing material and hygiene products. Donations of old flat sheets, unused quilt batting, excess material/scraps, and unused hygiene products accepted for the assembly and donation of quilts and kits to local elderly an women’s shelters. Will reimburse postage, if requested. Justin Zak P.O. Box 1077 Port Orford, OR 97465 jumazak@frontier.com

Have a loved one with dementia/Alzheimers? I do, too. My mother is in a care facility with many other wonderful people who are struggling with memory issues. To help, I am requesting colored

plastic bottle caps and colored lids, either plastic or metal. We will be sorting these by color, then all will participate in making a colorful mural for everyone to enjoy. Any and all would be greatly appreciated. Will reimburse shipping, if requested. Thank you in advance. Beverly Holcombe 17198 S.E. Zaltana Drive Prineville, OR 97754

I am looking for a cast-iron Dutch oven with a fry pan lid. Preferably the old cast iron—Wagner or Griswold would be wonderful. My daughter’s only request for a wedding gift is a Dutch oven. Her wedding is this summer. I will pay a reasonable price and postage. Lora L. Jones P.O. Box 403 Rockaway Beach, OR 97136

Schools/Labels I recently taught my fourth-, fifth- and sixth-grade students how to crochet. They are inspired to make quilts and hats for local charities. Please help us by sending yarn. The kids will greatly appreciate it. Thank you. Meridy Wheeler Ridgeline Montessori 4500 W. Amazon Drive Eugene, OR 97405

I’m looking for Labels for Education and current Box Tops for Education for the Philomath Parent club. Thank you. PES/CPS Parent Club 239 S. 16th St. Philomath, OR 97370

Plain Old Baking Soda a Drugstore in a Box

Hydrogen Peroxide Can Heal WHAT?

by James Victor Medical science recognizes the medicinal value of baking soda. For example, it is used in kidney dialysis to reduce levels of acids in the bloodstream. But there are hundreds of everyday uses for baking soda you’ve never heard of. They’re all in an amazing book, now available to the general public, by noted author, Emily Thacker. Discover over 600 remedies using baking soda with other ordinary household items like: vinegar, lemon, toothpaste, sugar, salt and more. A little baking soda with a pinch of this and a dash of that can: • Soothe SORE GUMS, CANKER SORES and SUNBURN • Make a SORE THROAT feel better • Fight HEARTBURN and ACID INDIGESTION • Ease the pain of BEE STINGS and BLISTERS • Help PSORIASIS sufferers • Dry up ACNE and POISON IVY • Clear up a STUFFY NOSE and ITCHY EYES

by James Victor Hydrogen peroxide is trusted by every hospital and emergency room in the country for its remarkable ability to kill deadly germs like E. coli and the swine flu virus. In fact, it has attracted so much interest from doctors that over 6000 articles about it have appeared in scientific publications around the world. Research has discovered that hydrogen peroxide enables your immune system to function properly and fight infection and disease. Doctors have found it can shrink tumors and treat allergies, Alzheimer’s, asthma, clogged arteries, diabetes, digestive problems and migraine headaches. Smart consumers nationwide are also discovering there are hundreds of health cures and home remedy uses for hydrogen peroxide. A new book called The Magic of Hydrogen Peroxide is now available that tells you exactly how to use hydrogen peroxide by itself... and mixed with simple everyday kitchen items... to make liniments, rubs, lotions, soaks and tonics that treat a wide variety of ailments. It contains tested and proven health cures that do everything from relieving chronic pain to making age spots go away. You’ll be amazed to see how a little hydrogen peroxide mixed with a pinch of this or that from your cupboard can: • Relieve arthritis, rheumatism & fibromyalgia • Treat athlete’s foot, foot and nail fungus • Clear up allergies and sinus problems • Soothe sore throats, fight

• Help relieve VAGINAL ITCHING • Treat ATHLETE’S FOOT naturally And there’s much more... just whip up an easy baking soda recipe to make: • A powerful bleaching formula for formica • Homemade scouring powder • Drain cleaner for clogged drains • Dishwasher detergent that makes dishes gleam • An oven cleaner that eliminates elbow grease • Allergy-free deodorizers • Upholstery cleaner that makes fabrics look new • A cleaner for copper pot bottoms • A great rust remover • A lifesaver for white rings and spots on wood furniture • The perfect cleaner for gold, silver and pearl jewelry • A tooth whitener that makes teeth sparkle TO ORDER A COPY of The Magic of Baking Soda see Savings Coupon with Free Gift Offer

An Ounce of Cayenne Pepper is Worth a Pound of Cure by James Victor It has been called the most powerful heart remedy known to medical science because of its amazing ability to stop a heart attack in just 30 seconds. Famed physician and herbalist Dr. John Christopher reported: “In 35 years of medical practices I have never lost one heart attack patient.” That’s because when Dr. Christopher got there, he would immediately give his patients a precise dose of cayenne pepper… and within minutes they would be up and walking around. A new book called Cayenne Cures is now available that tells you exactly how to use cayenne pepper to take advantage of it’s remarkable healing powers. Besides stopping a heart attack instantly, cayenne has been proven to cleanse clogged arteries, lower blood pressure, reduce cholesterol, normalize blood sugar levels, reduce triglycerides and dissolve the fibrin which causes the formation of blood clots. Doctors have verified that cayenne feeds your heart and has a profound energizing

effect on your entire circulatory system. Cayenne quickly starts moving blood and equalizing blood pressure. It regulates the flow of blood from the head to the feet and influences the heart immediately. Cayenne, used correctly, is uniquely effective for improving blood flow. It helps dissolve blockages and restrictions and stimulates blood flow so that vitamins, nutrients and oxygen are properly delivered to all areas of your body. Contrary to popular opinion, cayenne does not burn the lining of your stomach. Instead, it has been shown to actually heal stomach ulcers and rebuild damaged tissue. It can also: • Relieve arthritis pain and fibromyalgia • Improve digestion • Relieve constipation • Improve allergies and asthma • Relieve sore throats, colds and flu • Heal infections & wounds • Stop headache pain • Flush out waste products and toxins TO ORDER A COPY of Cayenne Cures see Savings Coupon with Free Gift Offer

colds and flu • Help heal boils and skin infections • Whiten teeth without spending a fortune • Destroy dental bacteria and heal gingivitis • Help heal cold sores, canker sores • Relieve insect bites and stings • Soothe sore feet, soothe muscle aches • Help minor wounds and cuts heal faster • Clear up acne, rashes and age spots • Help heal yeast infections The Magic of Hydrogen Peroxide also shows you how to make money saving household cleaners that: • Kill germs on kitchen surfaces and utensils • Make a powerful scouring powder that works wonders on sinks, refrigerators and ovens • Disinfect coffee makers, tea pots and blenders • Sanitize wood cutting boards and spoons • Make wood floors, grout and linoleum gleam • Kill bacteria on fruits, vegetables and meats • Clean toilets, tubs, showers • Clean and disinfect pet stains • Remove mold and mildew • Remove wine, ink and blood stains • Boost laundry detergents • Clean windows & mirrors • Rid pets of parasites • Make plants flourish TO ORDER A COPY of The Magic of Hydrogen Peroxide see Savings Coupon with Free Gift Offer ©2017 JDI HBC101S15

Savings Coupon Here’s how to get The Magic of Hydrogen Peroxide, The Magic of Baking Soda and Cayenne Cures on a 90 day money back guarantee. Simply fill out this coupon and mail to:

James Direct Inc., Dept. HBC123, 500 S. Prospect Ave., Box 980, Hartville, Ohio 44632 _____ Get any 1 book for $12.95 + $3.98 S & H (Total of $16.93) _____ SAVE - Get any 2 books for only $20 with FREE S & H _____ SAVE - Get any 3 books for only $30 with FREE S & H Check the books you want below: Qty ___ HP Hydrogen Peroxide Qty ___ BA Baking Soda Qty ___ CA Cayenne Cures Total Enclosed _________ Orders mailed within 10 days also receive a FREE Mystery Gift PLEASE PRINT Phone (_______) ______________________ Name __________________________________________________ Address ________________________________________________ City ___________________________ State ______ Zip ________ I am enclosing $ ______ by q Check q Money Order (Payable to James Direct Inc.) Charge my: ___ VISA ___ MasterCard ___ Amex ___ Discover Card No. __________________________________ Exp. Date _____ Signature _______________________________________________

MARCH 2017

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2/1/17 9:42 AM

The Great Picture Hunt

Photo Tips from David LaBelle

Power of Contrast Contrast is a powerful teaching tool and important player in writing and photographic composition. Contrasts come in shapes, colors, tones, sizes of subjects, even emotions. Though most of us seldom stop to analyze or internalize all the contrasts offered to us daily, they help us process visual information instantly. Just as our perception of color changes depending on the colors around them— red against green looks and, more importantly, feels different than red against gray or white—the way we perceive a subject often changes with the environment surrounding it. Contrast in tone is a way to create an instant focal point. For example, a white horse against a shadowed or dark background draws immediate attention, just as a dark horse against a white, snowy backdrop tells our eyes what is important. When everything is white except for one dark subject, we see the subject first because it is in contrast to the overwhelming white space. But there are other, often subtle, contrasts to be used as clues to help the reader or viewer see the picture you saw. Contrasting actions or

A Place to Start Make a list of contrasts and see how many you can find and document: XX Sleeping and awake XX Tall and short XX Happy and sad XX Old and young XX Black and white XX Warm and cold XX Wealthy and poor XX Soldiers and protestors XX Plenty and hungry

emotions in a single photographic scene can be a powerful communications device. A photograph showing a person crying while someone nearby is laughing grabs our attention. The contrast is striking and disturbing—like a needle sliding across the vinyl grooves of record. We want to know more about the context of what our eyes are seeing. I remember doing a fashion shoot using several beautiful models, dressed in sheer, flowing white garments in a dark, greasy junkyard. The mounds of twisted steel and smashed car bodies provided a stark and effective backdrop to the flowing lines and shapes of the models and garments.

David LaBelle is an internationally known photographer, teacher, author and lecturer. He has worked for newspapers and magazines across the United States and taught at three universities. He applies many of the lessons he learned during his magical boyhood years in rural California to photography. For more information, visit www. greatpicturehunt.com.

M A R C H 2 0 17

Watching for contrasts adds life to your photos while helping viewers understand what you see. Above, a contrast captured on the streets of Florence, Italy. At right, Gwin Stam holds her high school senior picture made 60 years ago. © Photos by David LaBelle

I once gave an advanced photojournalism class a semester-long project, “Rich man, poor man.” Students documented individuals of similar age in different socioeconomic classes, making photographs of the subjects’ environment and possessions, housing, job, workplace and transportation. The contrasts were shocking. One student showed a young man with a pool on the roof of his penthouse and another man’s tiny shack in a government housing project. Seeing the man in the small apartment would not have had the same impact if not paired with the man relaxing in the pool holding a drink. I am always on the hunt for visual contradictions— scenes like a cold, hungry homeless person looking through a glass window while

the wealthy eat their fill in a warm restaurant. One of my favorite pictures made by the late Margaret Bourke White shows people standing in a food line during the Louisville, Kentucky, flood of 1937 with a billboard backdrop of a happy family riding in a fancy car with the heading “World’s Highest Standard Of Living.” The contrast is immediate and unmistakable. Remember, pictures with contrasting emotions often need words to explain them. Without proper context, we can arrive at inaccurate conclusions. We must be careful when contrasts become unfair or inaccurate judgments. n

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Ruralite Cookbooks a sweet treat for family and friends CHILI POULTRY

Chili for every taste from Gourmet Vegetarian Chili and Elk Chili to Powder River Valley Chili. There’s even a section just for slow cookers. $6

SALADS

With a great variety of recipes including chicken salads, casseroles and main dishes, you’ll never have to serve chicken the same way twice. $6 You made a New Year’s resolution to eat healthy and lose weight, didn’t you? You won’t regret it if you discover all the mouth-watering salads you can make some while keeping your resolution. $6

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Can’t decide which cookbook you want? This one contains all of the above cookbooks and more! $35 These contest winners focus on a variety of smaller portion recipes, including salads, breads, desserts and, of course, main dishes. $6

TO ORDER: Order online in the cookbook section of ruralite.org with your VISA, MasterCard, AmEx or Discover Card. Order by mail with your check or money order. Please clearly print your name and mailing address along with the names and quantities of the cookbooks you want. Mail to: Ruralite Cookbooks, 5605 NE Elam Young Pkwy, Hillsboro, OR 97124. Order by phone with your VISA, MasterCard, AmEx or Discover Card. Call (503) 718-3720. All prices include shipping. Please allow 2-3 weeks for delivery.

MARCH 2017

Marketplace Books, Magazines, Videos “Life & Death of Oregon ‘Cattle King’ Peter French, 1849-1897.” $15.95, includes shpg. New copies. www.edwardgraybooks.com; Amazon; Agincourt Research Services, P.O. Box 830, Gilchrist, OR 97737. 0617 Edward Gray’s “An Illustrated History of Early Northern Klamath County Oregon,” $38.95. Available on Amazon; www.edwardgraybooks. com. ARS, P.O. Box 830, Gilchrist, OR 97737. johncdriscoll1068@gmail.com. 0617 Book restoration. Bibles, cookbooks, cherished family heirlooms. Beautiful work; we give renewed life, more durable than original, to last for generations. (775) 537-7066; salacanstudio@ gmail.com. 0317 Books about teaching in Alaska villages. “Alaska From the Inside Out” by Sally Mahieu. The teaching career of Suzanne Henning @ Amazon. com or (541) 813-1969. 0317 “The Killing of Ishi” by James J. Callahan Jr. Available only on Amazon.com: Kindle eBooks, jcallahan@bendbroadband.com. 0317

Placing Ads in Marketplace n Ads must be direct and first person, and are

subject to editor’s approval and editing.

n Ads are limited to 25 words and must be

submitted in writing. Include how you wish to be contacted. Email addresses are counted as three words and web addresses as three words if using www, otherwise two words. n Closing deadlines (in our office): May issue—March 31, 2017. n O ne ad per issue, one per member. Subscribers and nonmembers are not eligible. n Download an ad submission form from our website, www.ruralite.org. Click advertising, then the order form link at the top. n If submitting ad by mail, send payment of $35 (per month) with your name, address, telephone number and the name of the electric utility that provides your magazine to: Marketplace, 5605 NE Elam Young Pkwy, Hillsboro, OR 97124. Make check or money order payable to Ruralite. n We accept credit card payments for ads submitted by email. Send to info@ruralite. org. Call (503) 718-3717 to pay by credit card.

Reache s up to 340 ,000 househ olds

M A R C H 2 0 17

“Gilchrist, Oregon: The Model Company Town,” the nation‘s most successful company town, $27.95. Agincourt Research Services, P.O. Box 830, Gilchrist, OR 97737. (541) 815-1371; www. gilchristcompanytown.com. 0617 “Memoirs of a Haunted House,” a Pacific Northwest story based on the true experiences of writer Alfred Eyrie. Available on Amazon. Visit Alfred at www.goodreads.com. 0417

Building Supplies S.A. Woods commercial planer w/attachments. Complete rebuild on Hercules engine/power plant. Planer needs cleaned up. Pictures avail. eagleperf@gmail.com. 0417

Business Opportunities Established storage business, Northeastern Nevada. 86 units & owner/caretaker home. High occupancy rate. Contact carlinselfstor@frontier. com. 0317 Mountain resort, Jarbidge, Nevada. Bar, restaurant, 17-unit motel, 14-space RV park, help’s quarters. Fishing, hunting, ATV riding. (208) 861-9967; outdoorinn_jarbidge@yahoo. com. 0317 Busy bowling alley, café, updated. Highway frontage, leagues, owner retiring, great fishing, hunting, sports, Clearwater River, turnkey. $400,000. Linda, Empire Realty. (208) 476-7633; lindadavis@orofino-id.com. 1017 Convenience store, gas station, deli, laundromat. Store, storage bldg & office bldg on 2.13ac. Valdez, Alaska. Great hunting, fishing. Owner financing avail. (907) 831-0713. 0517 Sharon Motel, Wells, Nevada. 10 rooms plus owner apt. Turnkey, $229K. Ideal for owner/ operator. Profitable business income opportunity. (408) 839-1502; mayespd@gmail. com. 0417 Established business for sale. 16-unit Delta Junction, Alaska, motel w/large owner house. Turnkey ready. Owners retiring. Email manager@ alaska7motel.com. 0817

Charter/Guides Advertise your charter or guide trip with us. Call (503) 718-3717 to find out how your ad can appear in Ruralite and Currents magazines.

Free Items Church, government uniting, creating National Sunday Law & “Mark” of the Beast. Be informed. Need mailing address. TBS, Box 99, Lenoir City, TN 37771. (888) 211-1715; thebiblesaystruth@ yahoo.com. 0417

Help Wanted The City of Spray, Oregon, is looking for a volunteer camp host for River Front Park. Inquiries please contact Spray City Hall at (541) 468-2069. 0317 Like to fish? Bike? Outdoors? Are you a family practice provider? We need you. Deschutes Rim Clinic, Maupin, Oregon. (541) 395-2911; ddeschutes@centurytel.net. 0417

Miscellaneous Niche w/ double brass urn in Evergreen-Washelli Cemetery. Seattle, Washington. $800. Mary, (541) 993-0311. Woodworker‘s dream warehouse sale. March 11, 9am-5pm. Turning demos, deals, slabs, chocolate tasting. 56752 SW Sain Creek Road, Gaston, Oregon. (503) 357-9953; www. nwfiguredwoods.com. 0317 Santa Claus returns children’s original letters & artwork to parents & grandparents. A penciled brief, crayoned figures, an endearing treasure. North Pole, Alaska. (907) 488-1522; www. santasmailbag.org. 0617 Cemetery markers, both granite & bronze. Also offering bronze plaques, signage. All at affordable prices. Shipping available. Call Joe Plass for more info, (541) 815-8906; www. highdesertmemorials.com. 0317

Pets, Supplies English Pointer puppies. Pure bred, papers available, vet checked, shots complete, parents on-site, ready for loving homes. (509) 713-0062, (509) 539-6765. 0317 AKC-registered Airedales. Fort Sage Kennels, Patricia Sharp, P.O. Box 246, Doyle, CA 96109; (530) 827-2271. 0317 Australian Labradoodles. Non-shedding. No allergy. Registered ALAA, ALCA. All colors. Mini/ mediums 15-40lbs. Service/therapy candidates. Genetic disease tested. Warranty. 8mi from Veneta, Oregon. www.fernridgelabradoodles. com. 0617

Real Estate Sunnyside, Washington. 30ac inside city limits. View property overlooking Yakima River. Price reduced to sell, $240,000. (541) 285-0765. 0317 79+ac, 15mi east of Christmas Valley. Paved hwy access. $49,900. Call Mark @ Berkshire Hathaway NW Real Estate. (541) 536-4418. 0417 Amazing adventure. North Idaho elk country. Usable 110ac adjoining timber company land. Timber, hay, class I stream. 25gpm well, great water. Home, garages/shops. $575K. (208) 2451780. 0417 FSBO: Lovely private house, 0.5ac, no back neighbors. Landscaped, fenced. Views. 3bdr, 2ba, 1,600sqft, central AC/heat, high ceilings, septic. Gisela, Arizona. $150,000 cash. (928) 4749374. 0417 Summit, Oregon. 33ac. House, cabin, well, spring, septic, RV site. Creek, big trees, $118K timber. Secluded & spectacular. 40min west of Corvallis. $387,000. (541) 456-2045. 0417 20+ac, 3bdr, 2ba retreat w/geothermal heat system, artesian well, creek, timber, wildlife, located 20min from Walla Walla, Washington. MLS 115678. $499,000. (509) 930-5157. 0417 Florida property. 23ac on scenic river. 4bdr, 4ba, 4,000sqft. Lg variety citrus, fruit & nut trees. $690,000. For more info, call (907) 388-3327, or email sherryolsenak@gmail.com. 0317

Marketplace FSBO Charming house, built by craftsman on 1.1ac. Excellent condition. All conveniences. 5mi north of Brookings, Oregon. Private & secluded. $199,000 cash. (541) 247-4149. 5ac, 2 homes, 50x60 machine shop w/ equipment. Everything $548,000. Google 905 7th St., Eureka, Nevada, for pictures/description. Dickson Realty, Karen Labarry. (775) 318-0212. Three Klamath Falls view lots overlooking city park. Market value $63K, assessed value $42K. Estate sale price $21K. Don, (541) 673-7948; donfishon@hotmail.com. 0517 Exclusive, private, spacious, view lot. New listing. RV, boat, vehicle. No traffic, quiet, quaint. 5min from Rufus boat ramp & beach. By appointment only. (541) 980-0388. 0317 2.5ac in Denio, Nevada, Hunters Dr. Flat land, beautiful location. $22.5K, utilities. John, (971) 271-0411; chese822jimi@yahoo.com. 0317 Oceanfront, 2 levels: 3bdr, 2 master bdr, 2ba & sunroom. Oregon MLS 16101814. $899,000. Pacific Ocean Properties, (541) 813-2340. 0317 Rare opportunity. Own gorgeous custom country home. Hunt, fish full-time trout stream, ATV. 9.2ac. Incredible views, 5,000’ elevation. See photos mountainhomeontroutstream.com. (702) 349-3911. 0317

Recreational Rentals Kona, Hawaii, Paradise Villa condo located on the 18th fairway of Kona Country Club w/ sweeping ocean views. 3bdr, 2ba. Specials. (503) 369-2638; konaccv309.com. 0417 Bend country cabin. Very clean & fully furnished cabin on private ranch. Close to recreation areas. Very nice. $75/night. (541) 382-3050; bendcountrycabins@gmail.com. 0317 Oceanside, Oregon. Romantic 3bdr retreat for special occasions. Newly remodeled. 5min walk to beach, 2 lg decks facing ocean. (503) 6499463; www.dreamvacationspots.com. 0817 Bandon, Oregon. Pacific View vacation rental, 3bdr, 2ba, slps 8. Clean, bright. Big ocean views, frplc, internet. Steps to beach. Pet friendly. (800) 527-5445. 0617 Oceanfront views. Lincoln City, Oregon. 4br (2 w/king), 3ba, lg. kitchen w/dishwasher, lg. sitting area w/frplc. Slps 10. VRBO.com/693193. fbeckwithfamily@gmail.com. 0317 Vista House vacation rental, Oceanside, Oregon. Unsurpassed ocean view. Plan your next vacation, reunion, retreat or storm watch. Slps 2-16, non-smoking/pets. (503) 730-7149, (503) 842-8859; vistahouseoceanside.com. 0417 Kona, Hawaii. Spectacular ocean views. 1bdr w/ king. Slps 4. Wi-Fi, w/d, ½mi from Kailua-Kona. Average $159/night. Ref Ruralite. VRBO. com/21691 or /27574. konareefview@gmail. com. 0817 Priest Lake, Idaho. West-facing fully furnished waterfront cabin. 3+bdr, 2ba, slps 8. Private dock, sandy beach. Enjoy water sports, hiking, biking, peaceful surroundings. Photos available. (360) 931-1192. 0517

To Respond to Rural Mailbox

�

To submit an item, follow all directions for Marketplace line ads listed on page 26. No telephone numbers or email addresses will be printed for Rural Mailbox.

Failure to follow instructions will require us to open secrecy envelope, and may result in no delivery. � Make checks payable to Ruralite. Mail to Marketplace, 5605 NE Elam Young Pkwy, Hillsboro, OR 97124.

This service is exclusively for member-readers 18 and older, and the ad MUST be from the person it is representing. � To respond to an ad, address a “mailing” envelope to Rural Mailbox, including a return address on the outside. Include $1 per response letter in this envelope to ensure delivery (please, no coins). � Place each response letter in its own “secrecy” envelope. Label each secrecy envelope with the appropriate Rural Mailbox response number found at the beginning of the ad. Response letters should include your name and contact information. Do not place money in this envelope. Cabin in Spray, Oregon, on the John Day River. Fully furnished w/amenities. (702) 371-2082; or visit us at johndayrivercabin.com. 0617 Kauai vacation rental, 2bdr, full kitchen. Minutes from beaches. $600/wk. (808) 822-0191; mokihana@hawaiian.net; kauaiweddings.com. Edgewater, Netarts, Oregon. Oceanfront, bay rentals, kitchens, frplcs, Jacuzzis, fish, crab, clamcleaning station, crab cooker, cottages, pet friendly + well-behaved owners welcome. (503) 842-1300; www.OregonCoastMotels.com. 0417

Want to Buy Need Ogle & Co. atlases covering eastern Washington, northern Idaho & northeastern Oregon for research. Contact (509) 336-1525; dharder@plateau-crm.com. Gold, silver, coins/currency, buy, sell. Collections wanted. Fair prices paid. 34yrs in retail store. Baker City, Oregon. (800) 556-2133; bgands@ eoni.com. Will travel. 0317 Collecting old American Indian baskets, blankets, beadwork, silver, old cowboy items. Great old American paintings of the West & East. Classic cars, trucks. (760) 409-3117; amer.ind. baskets@gmail.com. 0317 Wanted: 1967-1972 Buick Skylark, GS, Stage 1, GSX, LaSabre, Wildcat, Electra, Riviera parts or parts car, any leads. Email billybibbett@hotmail. com. 0417 Rock saws, lapidary equipment & supplies. Buying, selling & repairing. Free repair info. Call Tim, (541) 280-5574; cbr@bendnet.com. Bend, Oregon. 0317 Motorcycles, pre-1980. Road bikes only, no Harley or restored. Any condition. Hobbyist, not a commercial shop. Clean out your barn. (503) 260-5597; ten1pdx@yahoo.com. 0417 Old carpenter tools, planes (wood/metal), levels, chisels, slicks, adzes, axes, hatchets, handsaws, old rulers, spoke shaves, wrenches, shipwright tools, old tool chests. (503) 659-0009. 0317

Place the secrecy envelope(s) in the mailing envelope.

�

ABBREVIATIONS are permitted for the following words: A = Asian F = Female B = Black M = Male C = Caucasian LTR = long-term H = Hispanic relationship NA = Native ISO = in search of American No D/D/S = no D = Divorced drinking, drugs S = Single or smoking W = Widowed

Rural Mailbox E-01 ISO Young 50-70 C/F, no D/D/S, for summer RV trip to Oregon, Washington. 36ft Dolphin, separate bedrooms. Send phone or email.

Everybody’s Order your copy of our Everybody's Favorites cookbook. Nearly 300 reader-submitted recipes are sure to please at your next family gathering. Main dishes, appetizers, drinks and desserts are all represented. Give this as a gift or add it to your collection. The cost is $8, shipping included. Order online at www. ruralite.org, over the phone by calling (503) 718-3720, or mail a check or money order to:

Everybody’s Favorit es Reader-submitted recipes from

the 2013 contest

Ruralite Cookbooks 5605 NE Elam Young Pkwy. Hillsboro, OR 97124

Favorites MARCH 2017

Down the Line

News From Arizona G&T Cooperatives

Turnover at State Capitol a Challenge for Rural Electric Cooperatives Freshman legislators get a crash course on electric cooperatives By Geoff Oldfather Above, Phil Bashaw, left, GCSECA director of Government Relations and Grassroots Advocacy, discusses the legislative schedule with, from left, Harold Burdick, Anza Electric Cooperative; and Rusty Sherman and Steve Hooper, Graham County Electric Cooperative. 28

M A R C H 2 0 17

The agenda may have changed, but the reason for being at the state Capitol in Phoenix was the same: rural electric cooperatives need to be heard in the halls and offices of the state legislature. The challenge of having co-op voices heard is greater than in previous years, as a third of state lawmakers are freshman, many of whom know little or nothing about Arizona’s rural electric cooperatives.

Adding to that challenge is two legislators from legislative district 14 (LD-14)—the district that includes Arizona G&T Cooperatives and the Apache Generating Station at Cochise, south of Wilcox— were term-limited and did not return to office: David Gowan, former Republican Speaker of the House; and David Stevens, also a former senior Republican House member. State Sen. Gail Griffin, also a senior lawmaker, was re-elected to a two-year term and was elected by her caucus to serve as majority whip. She will be a

strong voice for cooperatives. More than 50 people from Arizona’s electric cooperatives, including managers and CEOs, board members and key staff, visited with state lawmakers during the annual meeting and legislative summit held by Grand Canyon State Electric Cooperative Association, January 23 to 25. The co-op representatives were divided into 15 three- to five-member teams, and each team was assigned a roster of state representatives and senators to visit. Another team visited with the five members of the Arizona Corporation Commission. A key piece of legislation the teams discussed with lawmakers was SB1129 Electric Nonprofit Cooperatives, a bill introduced by Griffin with 20 bipartisan co-sponsors. The legislation authorizes electric cooperatives to use unclaimed capital credits for financial assistance to students, education institutions, low-income cooperative members and other charitable purposes. Phil Bashaw, GCSECA director of Government Relations and Grassroots Advocacy, said there are many reasons to visit with state legislators besides advocating for specific legislation. “The priority is, of course, to make sure they know about our electric cooperatives and the unique perspective we bring,” Bashaw said.“When we are able to show them the cooperative difference, how we return margins to the members in the form of capital credits, and how we put members first and contribute to our communities in other ways, it helps set us apart. “Another important reason for being there is to thank those lawmakers who supported us in the past. A simple thank you and a recognition of past support has a real impact when we ask for their support again.” The math also shows why educating state lawmakers about co-op issues is critical: There are 90 legislators. Only nine legislative districts and the 27 legislators from those districts have electric co-op service territory in their districts. The bottom line is, less than a third of state lawmakers have a direct connection to electric cooperatives and the neighbors, businesses and communities that rely on an electric cooperative to deliver safe, reliable and affordable power. “Educating lawmakers, regulators and most of all, our members, is critical if we’re going to continue providing safe, reliable and affordable rural electric power,” Bashaw said. n

State Rep. Rebecca Rios, (D-LD27), top center, reviews a summary of SB1129, a bill that would allow electric cooperatives to use unclaimed capital credits to support students, schools, community organizations and charities. Representing Arizona G&T Cooperatives on the legislative visit are, from left, J.D. Wallace, Jon Martell, Shane Sanders and CEO Patrick Ledger.

“The priority is, of course, to make sure they know about our electric cooperatives and the unique perspective we bring. When we are able to show them the cooperative difference, how we return margins to the members in the form of capital credits, and how we put members first and contribute to our communities in other ways, it helps set us apart.”

—Phil Bashaw GCSECA director of Government Relations and Grassroots Advocacy

Your Vote Matters Remember, rural voices matter! For more information on voter registration or voting, visit www.vote.coop.

MARCH 2017

Parting Shot

Readers Share Their Special Photos

This sign looks like something right out of a picture book. It tells a complete story about the unusual hazards along this stretch of remote highway near Red River, New Mexico. Photo submitted by Ron DeGroote of Tacoma, Washington.

This cougar was spotted along the highway that skirts the South Rim of the Grand Canyon in Northern Arizona. Photo submitted by Jack and Deb Massie of Cle Elum, Washington.

Sign Language We are always looking for photos to feature in Parting Shot. We pay $25 for one-time use. Email a high-resolution digital version of your best shot to info@ruralite.org. Be sure to include the words Parting Shot in the header of your email. Or, send a print to Parting Shot, 5605 NE Elam Young Parkway, Hillsboro, OR 97124.

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Board of Directors Billy Adams, President Ryall Stewart, Vice President Belinda Hepler, Secretary Harold Burdick, Treasurer Michael Machado

General Manager Kevin Short IMPORTANT DATES

March 12—Daylight saving time begins.

May 24—Director candidate petitions due.

July 22—Annual Membership meeting.

EMPLOYEE ANNIVERSARIES

March and April Congratulations! XX Jennifer Miller ……….. 3 years XX Tami Slusher …………. 26 years XX Shawn Trento ………….. 1 Year

Easy Money Interested in a $10 bill credit? Sign up for AutoPay at www.anzaelectric. org. Once you are done give us a call or email to let us know. We will issue the bill credit once AutoPay has been confirmed. It’s that easy!

25741-001 If this is your account number, contact the AEC office and claim your $25 bill credit.

AZ-56 Postmaster: Send address changes to Currents, 5605 NE Elam Young Pkwy., Hillsboro, OR 97124

A Message from the Manager

Have a Heart

All of us, from every walk of life, share many things. We share the air we breathe, the water we drink and the places we live. It’s easy to take these common things for granted. We also share one physical trait, no matter who we are. We all have a heart. That amazing muscle that keeps us alive is easy to forget about. It does its job—beating thousands of times a day, moving gallons of blood through our bodies. The heart is easily taken for granted until something happens. That is when it can become the center of our attention. Since 1924, the American Heart Association has led the way in Kevin Short funding innovative research, fighting for stronger public health policies, and providing critical tools and information to save and improve lives through better heart health. Anza Electric Cooperative supports this effort. On May 6, we will join thousands of others participating across the country in the American Heart Association Annual Heart and Stroke Walk. We will walk to raise funds for AHA’s continuing mission of funding heart health research and education efforts. This event is open to the public. We would like to extend an invitation to our members to join our team. It is easy to do. Just follow the link on our website at www. anzaelectric.org, or stop by the office. You can visit www. heart.org for more information about AHA and its mission. Even if you cannot join the walk, please consider a generous donation to AHA. The work it supports continues to improve the lives of us all. Through better education and research efforts, improving technologies and preventative measures, its mission to reduce heart disease benefits everyone. Above all, please take good care of your heart. It is the only one you have. n

ANZA ELECTRIC COOPERATIVE, INC. P.O. Box 391909 • Anza, CA 92539 Phone: (951) 763-4333 • Fax: (951) 763-5297 • aec@anzaelectric.org • www.anzaelectric.org Our crew is on standby 24 hours a day. To report an outage or other service problem, please call (951) 763-4333.

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