TEMPORARY PROTECTION DIRECTIVE FOR UKRAINIANS IN GERMANY AND EUROPE Khrystyna Kozak MGA‘25 & Ethan Chiang ‘27
Based on UNHCR Regional Protection Profiling & Monitoring
BACKGROUND
PROFILE
Council Directive 2001/55/EC adopted in aftermath of Yugoslavian war TPD first activated March 4, 2022 due to Russian invasion of Ukraine, forcing 5.7 million to flee in <1 year
are female
Beneficiaries of Temporary Protection (BTPs)*
Bürgergeld
20-25% less
Social welfare
Refugee Status
*$6B allocated for BTPs in German 2024 budget
unequal SOLIDARITY?
Narrative that TPD was invoked for Ukrainians (and not Syrians, Afghanis, etc.) due to racial discrimination Activation in 2022 was due to urgency and scale of humanitarian crisis (took 4 years for Syrian situation to reach same level of displacement) Invidious comparison----in comparing solidarity for both groups, timeframes need to be equivalized
SPECIAL THANKS TO:
2%
have refugee status, compared to 85% with TPD
are employed (excluding elderly and minors)
71 %
refugee status
Yes, but many live in private accomodations
No (during asylum seeker status)
Labor Market
Yes, but de-jure provisions ≠ de-facto engagement
Family Reunification
No (during asylum seeker status)
No
Yes
Maximum of 3 years (so far)
No limit on time; can not be revoked
Housing
Duration
POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS Extend TPD by 1 year, while finding other solutions (ex. long-term residence) Include Ukrainians in decision-making Consider positive secondary movement, change facultative parts of TPD
host of Ukrainians
are renting their accommodation or hosted by relatives
tpd
Access to...
1
#
(1.13M)
ACCESS TO BENEFITS
COMPARING PROTECTION CATEGORIES
FUNDS & BENEFITS
Asylum Seekers’ Benefits Act
80
%
41%
40% lack access to childcare
Social welfare scheme for BTPs allows for better access to labor market infrastructure However, employment rate in Germany is comparatively lower than other EU states
Due to highly regulated labor market and long/convoluted bureaucratic procedures Housing market is also currently in a crisis, leading to an increasing amount of Ukrainians ending up in initial reception centers
Advocate for TP scope of rights for other nationalities Raise awareness on differing protection statuses Make a lesson-learnt from integration challenges for Syrians
Research solidarity patterns Use data to prove or disprove the role of race in activation of TPD Research whether allocation of benefits across categories is unequal relative to # of people