one or other or all of the three races of germs, Streptococci, Staphylococci and B.pyocyaneus are found in every skin infection common to this country, and ANTIPEOL OINTMENT contains the antibodies (antivirus) of these germs. Healing is by the proved ingredients of the ointment, and septic development is stopped or prevented by its antivirus sterile vaccine filtrates. ANTIPEOL OINTMENT is unsurpassed for BURNS and SCALDS, for it is microbicide and • non-adhesive, and dressings do not require to be changed every day.
RHINO-ANTIPEOL
affords rapid relief of COMMON COLDS, INFLUENZA AND CATARRH. Containing the antibodies of the germs common to infections of the nose and pharynx (Staphylococci strep· tococci, B.pyocyancus, pneumococci, pneumobacilli, enterococci, M.calarrhalis, B.Pfeifier). Rhino-Antipeol is not just a pallidtive. but is a remover of the cause of the infection. During epidemiCS it is the ideal preventive of microbic development.
OPHTHALMO-ANTIPEOL
it a semi-fluid ointment. more convenient than the ordinary Antipeol ointment fOT ocular infections and lesions Eyes afIected by smoke and dust are soothed almost immediately by the application of Ophthalmo-Antipeol, and the antivirus prevents germs from developing.
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Edited by GEORGE E. CRAFT, F.R.S.A.
I7· NO·3· MARCH, I944
LTD.
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London • Abbey House. Westminster. S.W.I Liverpool 57. Renshaw Street
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Sold everywhere in Tablet or Powder form, 8 Powders or 16 Tablets 1/3. 21 Powders or 42 Tablets 3/SINGLE DOSE INCLUDING PURCHASE TAX
EDITORIAL
The recent renewed air raids on London proved that members of the Brigade were ready to give assistance at all times, and that their services were of the greatest use to Civil Defence work. The raids have meant more duties at shelters, at Sick Bays and at Rest Centres. Men and women, after their daily tasks, have willingly undertaken these duties agai.n and many expressions of thankfulness have been received from those who have been unfortunate in having their homes wrecked and relq,tions injured.
It is, however , not enough that members of the Brigade are skilled in the work of first aid. On many occasions the call for assistance in rendering aid to the injured has been poor. In one instance the warden on the spot badly needed more first aiders but his need was not fulfilled.
As is well-known, there has been a great drop in the number of first aid classes being held not only i.n London but throughout the country. There are still too many of the general public who have not yet received instruction in the science of first aid, and although it is not possible to instruct every member of the population, it is possible that many thousands more might receive the necessary training that would assist in times of widespread air attacks.
The training of the civil population has been one of the main features of the St. John organisation for many years. Being the pioneers of such training we mus.t not forget that in war-time, more so than in peace, the need for first aid knowledge is far greater. Therefore, let us resolve that more first aid courses be held. The spreading of first aid knowledge will be of the greatest assistance to the cotmtry at a time when increased enemy air activity might well approach, or even pass, the days of 1940 and 1941. Let every efficient first aider make a resolution that he or she will recruit at least one person; then the call for assistance will not go unanswered.
". HONOURS
We are pleased to announce the following Honours to members of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, At-Home:-
Div. Surgeon Major A. ;K. Borland (of tke Sunbury & Shepperton Division) has been awarded the M.B.E. (Military) for gallant and distinguished conduct in the Middle East.
Corpl. (Acting Sergt.) V·l. G. Olive (of the Southampton B.B. Division) has been awarded the Military Medal in recognition of gallant and distinguished service in Sergt.Sicily. C. W. Howell (of the Aldsgrove and GoldenhiIl Ambulance Division) has been Mentioned in Despatches for devotion to duty and for rendering first aid to his comrades at great risk to himself during heavy bombardment in Italy.
Supt. Leonard Wright (of the Standon Division) ha-s been awarded the British Empire Medal for C.D. Services.
FRACTURE OF THE SPINE
. By M. M. SCOTT, L.R.C.P.
(Member of the Revision Committee and Div. Surgeon, S.] .A.B.)
Fracture of the spine is perhaps the most misunderstood of injuries, and caI?-not in most cases be diagnosed by the simple method o.f for numbness below the seat of injury. Most competItors m first aId tions seem to foraet that the St. John Textbook specifically states that the nerves lssUlng from the spinal may be injured, the crucial word being " may," therebY.iID:plying that they" may not." A further difficulty arises in that there are many vanatlOns of fracture of the spine which do not fit in with what is more c?mm?nly regarded as a broken back, viz., fracture of one or more of the vertebrre Wlth dIsplacement of the fragments, etc. (Textbook, p. 73). There are several patie-?ts. have s.uffered from fracture of the spine without ever being aware of the fact, whIle It IS the m many hospitals not to tell the patient what has actually happened (for reasons to be dIscussed later).
Another somewhat confusing feature is that owing to its spring-like constnjlction, the spine is frequently fractured by causes which are more akin to muscular actio-? than direct or indirect violence, so that the condition is 'often overlooked, there bemg no loc8;l causative indication of injury.
It is, therefore, necessary to describe briefly the anatomy of the spine, or vertebral column. The column is composed of thirty-three vertebrre of which the upper twentyfour are movable (i.e., from above downwards: 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, each associated . with a pair of ribs, and 5 lumbar). The next five are fused to gether to form the sacrum and the last four an; rudimentary, being fused together to form the coccyx , there being two joints between the sacrum and the coccyx. Each vertebra is composed of a "body" or bony mass in front, from the rear of which two pro-
cesses extend backwards where they unite to complete the. f \ neural arch. "'When all the vertebrre are in position the neural ",,?i arches enclose the" neural canal" in which (as far as the second r lumbar vertebra) lies the spinal cord. Projectmg backwards p:(" from the rear of the neural arch is the spinous process, while pro- O/' jecting.laterally on each side from approximately the root of the ' spinous process is the transverse process. There are also four articular processes situated on the neural arch in front of the transverse processes; two projecting upwards to articulate with the lower articular processes of the vertebra above and two projecting downwards to articulate with the upper articular processes of the vertebra below.
The body of a vertebra is composed of soft cancellous bone but the neural arch, and the processes, are composed of hard cancellous bone. The neural arch, therefore, fotms a strong protection for the spinal cord, which, it should be noticed, does not completely fill its lumen, so that there should be no pressure upon the nervous tissue during extreme spinal movements. Interposed between the bodies of movable vertebrre are thick discs of cartilage (or gnstle) which act as "rubber padding" to prevent jolting, while the whole spinal column is surrounded by a somewhat complex system of ligaments, wnich allow free movement to the column and yet prevent abp.ormal mobility. Spinal ligaments cannot therefore be damaged unless the spine is moved beyond its normal region. -
the columI?- exhibits. a nUII?-ber of curves (see diagram) w:hich must be taken mto conSIderatIon when deciding upon first ald treatment in spinal injuries.
Fracture of the body is most likely to occur in the thoracic lumbar and cervical regions, i.e., where the spine is most movable' the vertebrre most commonly affected being the first lumbar and third cervical.
Fractures oj the Body and Neural Arch
N eura! A rch is fractured by violence of consjderable degree, and In practIcally every case 'there is seribus imroivement of the spin.aI Gord. T4e nervous feat).lres, become lea?ing to total perm9-nent {pcapa<;:ity.
The BOdy IS not 1,lsua1ly da m,aged by dIrect violence because of _ THE·SPINE ' - " stl!ong. neural arch and processes behi.nd, and the various : organs of the body in front.. Indirect violence is, 'Cx'-Coccyx. ·
extremely frequent cause, and perhaps, most of all, overflexion of the spine is the responsible factor. As an example of the latter, it frequently occurs in the lumher reglOn as a result of a heavy weight dropped suddenly on to the back of the shoulders, thereby causlna overflexion of the spine. the body is in " crush" accidents, and sometImes tn''TYIJI.. ."....,''''''''li also by what is known as action, e.f1:., a man may be pullmg a rope attached to a weight over his __ shoulder, when the rope b:eaks, and the resistance to the fleXIOn of the spine is lost, so that it overflexes. Further occasional causes are fa;ls from a height on to the buttocks or heels and in the latter case, fracture of as calcis (heel bone) is a common accompanying condition. It be noted that unless there is also lllvolvement of the neural arch, there is not
A THORACIC VERTEBRA likely to be involvement of the spinal
A. Body; B. Spinal Canal; C. SPinOUS PrC)cess; D. Articular cord or nerves, and consequently a Processes; E. Transverse Processes. larger number- of cases of fracture of the bog.y are not correctly diagnosed, but treated as " sprained back."
Signs ani Symptoms of Fracture of the Body and Neural Arch. Exclujing involve:n;;nt of the spinal cord and nerves (which IS under "Com?lications "), the m')re common indicatio ns of fracture are pam, and deformity. The pain is felt at the site of fracture: it is a.nd and is aggravated by any attempt at m.ovement. The stiffness IS to of the muscles, being Nature's attempt to keep the affected part Immobile. only occurs when one or more bodies have actually collapsed, or the. conditIon IS complicated by the presence of dislocation. Usually, the affected reglOn IS extremely tender to pressure.
Movement is lost over the site of the fracture and restricted elsewhere. The aider, is however, often deceived, because there are apparent trunk movements which are actually due to the patient tilting the pelvis at the hip joint. .' It will, therefore, be observed that" history" is of paramount lmpor:ta-?ce m roakmg a diagnosis, and should invariably be gone into in the d.etal} JU all cas.es of back injury. The outlook in uncomplicated cases vary conslderc:bly JU different patients, recovery taking anything from six months to .four. years, With an average of about eighteen months, but in ma.ny cases, when the patIent IS aware that he has a broken back, he may become so terrified and neurasthenic that the consequent resu1tllg nervous condition is more difficult to treat than the back itself. (To be continued).
PO LICE AMBULANC E NE WS pairs award. Sir Abbiss presented the prizes.
METROPOLIT AN
D DivisiolZ.-Marylcbone Lane "B" team won the" Mappin " Shield and the Women Police second in the divisional competitions held on January 29. Capt. F. E. Bendix and District Officer G. S. Lear were the judges. Paddington Specials gained third place and were awarded the "\iVhitney Cup."
F Division.-Five teams competed in the Divisional competitions held on February 4, when Dr. G. R. H. Wrangham and Asst. Commissioner S. J. Warren judged the work done. Supt. Archer announced the results which placed Hammersmith first followed by Chiswick. Nos. 1 and 2 of the Kensington "A" team (Messrs. Clark and Tayior) gained the individual
M Division.-The " Dalton-Matthew" Cup competition was held on February 11, when Dr. Abraham and District Officer Stratton judged the tests. Supt: Robertson announced the results which were, 1st, Tower Bridge Regulars; 2nd, .Deptford Regulars "A" ;3rd, Kenmngton ReCTulars. The competition also included theO pairs test for the "Bigwood Cu P " and this was won by P.C.'s Jolly and Wallis of Tower Bridge. Sir George Abbiss presented the trophies and including the Divisional League Cup which was won by the War Reserves. Those present included D. A. C. Dalton and Commandant Matthews (donors of the Cup), and Sir Cecil Bigwood (donor of the" Pairs" trophy).
53 B
The Rocking Stretcher method in the face-downward position provides us with some interesting facts which are so obvious that only enthusiasts can fail to see them.
The patient is on his face and the weight of Ills body has forced the abdominal content slightly upward and slightly outward through the spaces between the lower costal margins and the crest of the pelvis, and it is under that pressure whether the head is up or do"vn. By no stretch of imagination can I explain how the small weight of the abdominal available moving, can lift the weight of the trunk off the stretcher at each feet down movement. There is literally. no place for it to go. I have tested this extremely carefully and find only a minute interchange of air, unless
tlrbe 31 obn ;irigabr <lDbrrgras
Rhodesia Railway Districts
This District is working under great difficulties but the war work is more than well maintained. A large proportion of the European population are normally employed in the main industries-agriculture, mining and railways-all essential to the war effort and leaving little spare time.
On the outbreak of war this District provided a nucleus of first aid instructors to form the foundation of the Southern Rhodesia Medical Corps, This Corps soon gained strength and efficiency and it was not long before the St. John men who had been mobilised were posted elsewhere, most of them to the Southern Rhodesia Military Hospital at _ airobi; now many of them are as far afield as Egypt, Italy and India.
Ordinary peace-time work had to be kept going and members continued to attend public parades and other activities. Trainihg in A.R.P. work was undertaken and a Voluntary Field Ambulance Unit was formed and carried out duties at military training field-exercises. The stimulus occasioned by the war
Q.Cabtt
The Stores Department have the following a"ailable for Cadet Divisions: Code of Chivalry Card, 6d. each. Record Certificates Card, 3d. each, plus postage in each case.
No. 1 District.-On January 29, the Hon. Mrs. Copland-Griffiths (Supt.-inChief Brigade Overseas) gave a stimulating address on the work of the Brigade Overseas to Ambulance and Nursing Cadets of Northern Area, who were invited by the Officers and Cadets of the Hampstead Cadet Nursing Division. All parts of the Overseas Brigade were mentioned and it was interesting to learn that Cadet Divisions were first started in India in 1925, which included every race, colour and creed. Those present included Dist. Supt. (R) Miss 'Valker, District Officer Collins, Area Cadet Officer Miss Cleasby, Supt. Miss Finch, Cadet Supt. Miss Burley and others. A "'Tar Service Badge (fourth in the Division) was presented to Nursing Caciet Anna \Visla. At the close prayers were offered for the4,500 members of the Brigade thought to be in Japanese hands.
On February 12, Cadets of the Brigade and B.R.C.S. were entertained b.y Supt. G. Ware, of the Dar;enham Ambulance Division. The programme included films, tea, and a competition between members of the C.12 Ambulance, C13 Nursing and J B.RC.S. At the latter event those present included the .Deputy Mayor,
55
has resulted in a rapid growth of interest in the work of the Brigade and early in 1941 a successful launching of the Rhodesia (non-railway) Centre was made, with separate headquarters at Salisbury.
An Auxiliary Nursing Service, comprising St. John and Red Cross members was gazetted by the Southern Rhodesia Government in April 1943. ,\'hen a number of trained nurses were withdrawn from civilian hospitals for military nursing, the St. John N ursi ng mem hers were called upon to carry out voluntary hospital duties, mainly in the military and native wards of local hospitals.
One particular task -undertaken by Nursing members is of interest: the staffing of occasional refugee trains for long journeys through the MCJzampique and Rhodesian Territories; the work done on these trains has been arduous. 1Iembers have also helped with Blooci Transfusion groups and assisting invalid passengers travelling by air, and passen c;er train.
The work of the Brigade has been accorded commendation in the Legislative Assembly of Southern Rhodesia, and also in the Press.
Councillor F. Brown and Mrs. Brown, District Officer Laurie Long and Area Cadet Officer Miss Parrott (who judged the ambulance and nursing competitions, respecti \'ely) and other officers of the Brigade. The Deputy Mayor said that the Council was thankful to the officers of the Brigade for bringing boys and girls together to learn something useful, and no organisation could give more benefit or interested study or work than the Brigade. The competition was won by Team o. 2 (leader Cadet Corpl Stearman) and the Cadet Nursing team beat the B.RC.S. team.
Bedfordshire.-H.R.H. The Duchess of Gloucester inspected units of the Brigade on March 8, in Bedford School. Over 80 Cadets represented the Bedford To\\'n, London Road, St. Cuthbert's, Sandy, Ct. Barford, Dunstable, Stewertby and Silsoe Division.
, On February I, the T<empsto" Cadet Ambulance Division (Caclet Superintendent Stephens) held a social. Certificates were presented by County Cadet Officer Mrs. Hugh McCorquodale, who was introduced by Div. Surgeon Cunning-ham MacNair. Dr. Cedric V·,T. Bower (President of the Senior Division) was also present and watched a quick, good display of stretcher drill.
. Members of the Gt. Barford Nursing Cadet Division have formed a troupe of " Starlets" and have given concerts to the troops in local camps.
-
Birmingham.-S ome 150 Cadets and Lady Violet Astor inspected the division friends of the Alston Road Ambulance and and presented first aid, home nursing and Nursing Divisions were present at a party proficiency awards. She arranged by Cadet Officers and the division on the progress made smce Goodall and Mr. F. J. Henn. Followmg its formation. Divisional Supt. Miss I. tea various certificates were presented Robinson enrolled three new Cadets. A by Cadet Corps Supt. Lt.-Col. H. H. Clee first aid and home nursing bee was won and Corps Secretary W. R Beckwith. by Sergt. Staff's team. The evening Cadet Sergt. Howard Campion a closed with the Cadets singing the certificate for 100 per cent. attendance " Knights of St. John." during the past year. Those present Lancashire.-The annual party and included Vice-president A. W. North, presentation of awards to members of Supts. Williams and Cooper, Cadet Offi- the Morecambe and Heysham Ambulance cers Dickson and Sambrook. and Nursing Cadet Divisions was held Devon -At a recent meeting of the recently, Corps Supt. E. H. Norman Buckfastleigh' Nursing Cadets presenta- presenting the ambulance awards and tion of awards and enrolment ceremony Supt. Mrs. Lupton the Nursing. Attendwas held. Mr. W. N. Lane (Chairman ance prize was won by Corpi. Robertson, of the Urban Council) presented the efficiency by Corpi. Johnson and awards whilst Dr. Margaret Wells carried Pickles, recruiting by Cadet Herman. A out the enrolment ceremony. Speeches Special award for endurance was presented emphasised the importance of the Canet to Cadet Craven during a very long illness. Movement and what was expected of its The Steel Challenge cup, for Nursing members. Those present included County Cadets, was won jointly by Elsie Brelsford Officer Miss "Whitehead, Supt. Mrs. Beard, and Joyce Reading. Amb. Officer Miss Warren and Mr. On February 4, Corps Officer Miss Paxman (Treasurer of the Council). Clemo enrolled 2(;) girls in the Newton-leHertfordshire.-O n Febr\lary 8, the Willows Nursing Cadet Division. Div. enrolment of members of the Cheshunt Surgeon S. K. Appleton presided and (Standon) Ambulance Division was carried gave an interesting talk on the History out by Corps Officer T. C. Forbes, who of the Order. Vice-president Mrs. S. K. emphasised the fact that the Order of St. Appleton presented 10 Cadets with their John was the oldest body concerned with Clerical Ability certificates. Acting Cadet first aid, and also stressed the points of Supt. Mrs. Wild proposed a vote of thanks the object of the Cadets. Dr. Brian which was seconded by Cadet Officer Miss Stanley presented certificates, and special M. Rose. prizes, presented by Mrs. I. Wainwright Leicestershire.-Members ofthe Waltham of the 58 B.RC.S., went to LjCorpi. Nursing Cadet Division entertained J. Simmons and Cadet J. Day (1st and parents and friends recently. Those 2nd in the first aid examination) and present included Div. Surgeon Mrs. 'Wood, CorpI. E. Clarke, for the best attendance. Supt. Mrs. Watson and Nursing Officer Leading Fireman Smith (a member of Mrs Atkinson. Cadet Supt. Mrs. Adey the Senior Division) gave lectures on was in charge Members also assisted Fire-Fighting and many Cadets gained the senior division in enterta,ining the awards in this subject. After demonstra- children of the village. tjons Cheshunt Nursing Cadets served Shropshire.-Durin g the past two years tea. Cadet Supt. I. W. B. Smith thanked a number of Cadet Nursing Divisions have those who had supported the meeting. been raised by County Cadet Officer Mrs. Isle of M an.-The County President, Downer. The 1943 Returns show that the Countess Granville, recently presented prog ress is being maintained, there being six Grand Prior Cadet Badges to members 15 Nursing Divisions, most of the memof the Ramsey Nursing Cadet Division, bers being in uniform. the first to be obtained on the island. Surrey.-Members of the Chertsey AmbProfic1ency badges and certificates were ulance Cadet Division were warmly comalso presented and the Cadets gave a mended by County Cadet Officer "V. H. display of their work and an exhibition Harris on their smartness and efficiency of handicrafts, cookery and a short when he recently in s pected and presenof the History of the Order. Presenta- ted awards to them. He also enrolled tions were made to Cadet Supts. Mr. and new members and among the awards were Mrs. Quirk who have done invaluable work General Efficiency won by Cadet P. Brown, for the boys and girls. Commissioner Individual First Aip Test by Corp I. E Major J. W. Young and Countess Gran- Soffe, Team Test First Aid, No. 1 team ville congratulated the divisions on their (leader p, Brown). Squad competition, excellent work. General work, 1943, No : 1 Squad. Those Kent.-On February 12 the Edenbridge present included Div. Surgeon J. D. Vaile, Cadet Nursing Division celebrated its Mrs. Harris. Supts. Gristocks and Mrs. second birthday, County President The E. Dudley Ward, Cadet Supts. L. Hedges
and Miss Bushnell. Mr. Harris aduressing the parade stated that ambulance divisions in the County now numbered 21.
Warwickshire.-During the past year 96 certificates have been obtained by members of the Rugby Cadet Divisi on, excluding first aid. It is hoped to obtain a Grand Prior's Cadet Badge during the present year. Four cups are open for competition and during the year many activities have been carried out, including duties, toy making, collections for various funds including the Red Cross and St. John, St. D unstans, etc. Social evenings, sports meetings, cycle runs, camps, etc. were also held. '
ST. JOHN AMBULANCE ASSOCIATION T
PLYMouTH.-The Plymouth and District Ambulance Service, which is possibly the largest of its kind in the country, has proved its worth on many occasions. During the 39 hours between 8 a.m. February 21 and 11 p.m. February 22, the case-list totalled 189 made up as follows: Invalids removed, 76 (70 journeys); Sudden Illnesses, 3; Accidents, 9; Fire calls attended, 6; Hospital Outpatients, 7 (14 journeys); Crippled or Invalid Children passengers to and from Open Air School and Clinic 88. During this time no Air Raid or Landing of Survivors were included.
The Director the Services, Mr. Hedley V. Miller, O.B E., who is wellknown in ambulance circles, when reporting the above facts states: II It seems strange to me when I think back to our early pioneering ambulance days in Plymouth when once we averaged one call every six weeks."
HOWEBRTDGE ....!......To mark the existence of 50 years of the Howebridge and Hindsford Ambulance Classes a joint jubilee celebration was held. Mr. Clement Fletcher, J.P. said it was a unique occasion. He had been a member of the Howebridge Class in 1895 and 1896, whilst Mr. George Foulds joined in 1888 and was the oldest member present. The Hindsford Class started a fortnight before Howebriclge and Mr. Richard Morris was the oldest member having joined at the very beginning. Mr. Fletcher gave particulars of the various officers of the -two classes and their activities in ambulance circles. He went on to refer to the Brigade which was formed in 1912 from members of the Howebridge class. He concluded his remarks by making a presentation to Dr. Hayward in recognition of his services during the past 20 years to the Hindsford Class. A presentation was also made to Mr. William Ellis in recognition of his 33 years' service as Secretary to the same class.
ON ACTIVE SERVICE
The Chief Commissioner, Brigade AtHome, regrets to report the following casualties among members of the Brigade: Killed
Private F. W. Turner (Chertsey Division) with the RA.F.
Private G. Martyr (Chertsey Division) with the RN.
Supt. C. T. Smith (Mersey Ironworks Division) with the 6th Seaforth Highlanders.
Private Ronald W. Sturgess (Helston' Division) with the L.RB.
Private B. Perkins (Helston Division) with the RA.F. Meclical Services.
Div. Surgeon Capt. ' John F . .v. Lart (Devonport Division) with the RA.M.C.
Private Henry George Dibble (\\T. H. Smith & Son Division) with the R.A.O.C.
Private E. Smith (York Road Division) in a crash landing with the RA. F. Pr)vate Richard Honge (Matlocks Division) with the 5th Btn. Sherwood Foresters.
Private G. Bowden (Harefield Division) in North Africa.
Private J. T. Parry (Tyldesley 'Division) with the RN. Private A. Biggs (llford Division) with the 5th Btn. The Buffs. Corporal Price (Bushbury Ambulance Division).
Private A. R Tilley (Wandsworth Gas Co. Division). -
Private W. Hawkridge (Dageuham Division) S.B A.
Private Eric W. Santer (Littlehampton Division) RA.M.C. , Private K. V. Bott (Surbiton Division) R.A.F.
Missing
Private A. E. Busby (British-Houston Division) with the RA.F. Private J. Rand (II ford Division) with the Royal Tank Regiment (believed drowned).
Private P. O'Connor (Kingswood Division) aboard H.M.S. Charlydi (presumed dead).
The Chief Commissioner, Brigade Overseas, regrets to annoupce the death of the following mem bers :- .
Private A. F. McEwewn, of the 21 st Johannesburg (S.D.A.) Ax;nbulance Division, Transvaal district.
Private Joseph G. Rich, of the York Railway Ambulance Division, Western Australia District.
Private R Wilson, of the Penola Ambulance Division, South Australia District.
Private Jack Verster of the Durban Railway Division, S.A.R & H. District, South Africa.
57 Corporal C. G. Moran, of the Greyville Railway Ambulance Division, S.A.R. and H. District, South Africa.
CIVIL DEFENCE SERVICES
.By w. c. Bentall, O.B.E., F.R.G.S.
INTERSERVICE TRAINING
While most of the C.D. ServIces have a high percentage of efficie!lcy, cannot be said of their efficlency m hnkmg on to those services which prepare the way for them, and ,M.'ith those which follow them on, e.g., for the Rescue Services is adequate knowledge of 'procedure by the Wardens ami their preparation for the arri val of the leaders of our Rescue Service appreciated and known; or the casualties have been collected, IS the perfect liaison of the leaders with the ambulance attendant (which is the method of handing over the individual cases by the stretcher -bearers to the ambulance attendant) thoroughly known and practiced ?
This Interservice Training in Handbook No. lOis rather mixed with" Combined Training" and" Practical and Collective Traming" on pp. 6 and 7, though they deal with the "a me situations.
This training is left to be carried out locally by the authorities and not at the Regional leveL Instructors and leaders in each service after attending a course of instruction should give instruction locally in their own work to the workers and leaders of other services. Let us look at thuse services to which we are most closely allied.
1. The IV ardens' Service. This largely emphasised in Training Manual 1'\0. 4 on "Incident Control" and clearly stated in para. 4 on p. 9 under six headings of \vhich (31 is, most important to us. Also on p. 14 par. marked" \Vardens," in the same book. 'When the \Varden has desp1.tched his express message to Control for so many Rescue Services, and so many ambulances. etc he is trained to hasten back to the incident from his Wardens' Post telephone and quickly survev his casualties, noticing situation in relation to likely priority of death, so that as soon as he hears or sees the Rescue Service arrive he goes up to the Leader and says, " I've got 'em sorted for youthere are two bad bleed ers over there, an asphyxia just round that corner. and three unconscious cases in house No. 10. I haven't had time to look out the fractures yet." If the Leader looks out for the 'Varnen on arrival. spots him and says: "\Vell, what have you got? "he can save at least a quarter of an-hour which he wOllld spend in sorting his cases, and during that time, if the Warden and he hadn't trained tog-ether, two or three might have died-not by enemy action but because inter-service training had not prevented this delay 1 If the Head Warden 58
had lectured to you, and you to the 'Wardens, not only would the contact have saved life, but your meetmg at the incident would be under friendly and understanding relations which means so much at sLich a time, and you each know what the other has, or will do, on ei ther side.
2. The Ambulance Attendant. When you have collected your casualty and with stretcher you approach the ambulance, are you sure to say "lower stretcher," and then contact the ambulance attendant, and explain what you have got. Thus you might say, " Here's a bad bleeder, my man has his thumb on the subclavian because his hand is blown off at the wrist, wtll you please take over the digital pressure from him "' hich stretcher equipment would you like .Idted on to." Being a priority' case, he IS the first to arrive. She replies, "I see the pressure is on his ri$ht side, 12ut him on the lower eCJUlpment and this Side so that J can maintain the pressure till I get to Hospital." (N.B.-Of course'you know that a large number of cases arriving at London Hospitals in the 1940 blitz with a tourniq uet round their arrived dead and in many cases the tourniquet had slipped! I). Then without confu:;ion or having to change the pusition he is lifted in obviously so smoothly that there lIas been no lack of good stretcherlifting drill, which means saving of valuable time and prevention of further shock to the patient.
These examples might be multiplied indefinitely, but these just show what a difference currect procedure will make in the number of fatal results.
In a similar "'ay practice in contacting the Incident Officer should be made-he will tell you where to park your service car, away from firemen's ramps, and in a place that will cause least obstruction to others or yourself, or in an upwind position to a blob of liquid mustard gas on the road, whereas if you park downwind your van will give much risk and work to prevent it being a source of contamination afterwards! (See p. 10 Training Manual No 4 )
Similarly interservice training and practice with the Control Centre, the F.A. Posts, and the hospitals will familiarise you with the work which all are trained to do in order to save the lives of the casualties whose welfare we all work for.
Each service is a link in the Life-Saving Chain. An imperfect or cracked link may brf'ak and the chain prove futile. Let us be sure that our link is forged true.
Qtbe Jobn Jhlrtgabe
HEADQUARTER NOTES was held at Town Hall. OffiCials Amendments to Dress ReguLations.- of both worked together and Members or" Nursing Corps and Divisions made the funct.lOn success. the thanks are referred to B.O. 739 wherein is set out of the guests bemg aptly given by Lt.-Col. , the amendments to dress regulations, Stephen Chart (Town Clerk and Connecessitated by the Board of Trade, 1944, troller).
Standardisation of all indoor Nursing Bexley.-At the annual of the Uniform Order. Bexley Division Amb. A Aylott Uniform Rationing.-Attention of all reported on finanCIal pOSitIOn. and members is drawn to the UCE/C3 Sergt. E. A. Whe,tle that 74 memSchedules for 1943-44, issued from Brigade bers were servmg wlth Forces, Headquarters in December last. whilst II members were full-tIme and 21 No.1 (PRINCE OF WALES'S) part-time CD. Over 1,000 DISTRICT cases had been dealt With and a record On Februar 14 Sir Clive Liddell, number of 1.761 duties
Chief paid a visit to Supt. Goodall reported. that membership _ District Headquarters. A Guard of Hon- was n ow 40 and the year 114 our was formed by ambulance personnel, certificates, 12 under District Officer Haines and Area one Grand Pnor s a et. a ge rf Cadet Officer Newman, and after inspect- Cadet] . .Lloyd) had been gamed.. Serg. ing the ranks Sir Clive was received by T B. tJam.e on the Soclal ComCommissioner Capt. W. Goodley, who mlttee conducted him around the building. All ElliS congratulated the departments were visited including the on ItS Stores Nursing section, Cadet office and thanks to t e ommi ee an a e . the Offices. Sir Clive asked many Goodall and Cadet Officer .G ravett for questions of the Headquarters Staff and the g reat work they were dOlOg. was interested to learn of the great work ) COUNTY OF BIRMINGHAM voluntarily undertaken by the members. In appreciation of his services to the He inspected and was much Bri.rade, especially to the County of interested in the. equIP.ment and stores County Commissioner CoL available for publlc dutles. Sir Bertram Ford was recently presented L.P.T.B. (Met. Lines) Corps.-The with an illuminated address ann a cheque end of 1943 markeel. the close of 20 ye::rs' to which more than 4,000 Ambulance and service with the No .. 1 District. Dunng N"ursing and Cadet personnel subscribed. the year weekly meetlOgs were he.ld by all The presentation was made at Headdivisions. of .n.ow quarters and was .by r epretotals 176, IOcludmg the new dIvlSIOn sentatives of the vanous diVISIOns. Corps formed .at Chiswick and Acton. Over Supt. J. A. Simpson. .I?aking 350 duties were. performed and at the presentation, said that dunng the au Ambulance StatIOn. Baker Street, 3.872 raids their Commissioner attended at hours of duty were d?ne. Personnel was Headquarters night after night. His also supplied at certam deep shelters ,:,sed presence was an inspiration and he gave as Hostels for members of the .SerVlc.es. them that leadership they all looked for. Thirty-three mem.bers are servmg Wlth Sir Bertram, in reply , said that tbe work the Forces. Private E. Glenester of the members shone out as an example earlier as " missing" is now a pnsoner 10 of what men and WGmen with high ideals hands. the year Home . to guide them, anel. with their hearts in and HygIene classes were the right place. cou ld do. The strength under Dr. Ehrmann, the results of WhICh of the BriO'ade in the County was 5.641were very satisfactory. . a magnil'cent tribute . Croydon.-On 8, Lady He was proud to be theIr CommISSIOner. Mountbatten accompalll.ed The cheque would be utilised for the good by Asst. CommlssIOner MaJor .A. C. of the Brigade. Sir Bertram concluded an.d. District Officer MISS by paying tribute to Lady Ford. paId a VlSlt to the nursmg the blitzes were on." he remarked, she division at the Croydon EnglOeenng C;om- did not say: • Won't you stay and l ook pany, Miss Callow. SupervIsor. after me .... in charge. After bemg shown round the factory. Lady Louis visited three F.A. Posts in the Borough which are staffed by members of the Brigade , B.R.CS., arid Civi l Defence.
Mitcham.-On January 29, a Joint Red Cross and St. John Social and Dance 59
COUNTY OF DORSET
Parkstone.-The Parkstone A mbulance Division has thirty-four members serving w ith H.M. Forces and in addition, two are priso ners of war and one has been killed in action.
CO U NTY OF B E RKSHIRE
During the week beginning January 30, the sum of £1,932 was collected at the local cinemas for the Prisoners of War Fund . Rea ding. -The Reading Nursing Division has now been split up into the Reading South and the Reading West Nursing Divisions.
The Deputy Mayor, Mr. "V. McI-lroy has been appointed President of the Reading Town" B " Ambulance Division. Members of this division )Yho recently took a course of Home Mursing under Div. Surgeon C. A. Boucher, all passed the examination.
Winds or .-A successful dance was given by the St. John's Social Club recently. Over 300 people were present, Mr. Stovell acting as M.C. Various competitions were held and the Mayoress distributed the prizes.
C O UNTY O F HAMPSHIRE
Andove r .-Before the annual meeting of the Andover Nursing Division, County Officer Mrs J. Mackenzie inspected the m embers and presented warrants to 'Mrs . W. J. Armstead and Mrs. G. Mullens. also the St. John Flag given by Lady Amb. Officer Mrs Coteman Mrs. J enkins (President) presided supported by County Cadet Officer Miss Jean Mackenzie, Div. Surgeon M. B. Savory, Supt. Mrs. "V. A. Wilson, Nursing Officer Mrs. P. G. Evans, Amb. Officers Mrs. Marx, Mrs. L. H. Kendall and Mrs. Guy Mullens.
Reports were forthcoming from the various officers, and MrS. Wilson referred to the activities of the member s. In addition to regular duties, War -time Nurseries, the Blood Transfusion Drive and the settIng up of F.A. Posts had also been undertaken. Help had also been extended to the Home Guard, W.V.S., the G.T.C., and arranged the Disraeli and Huntingdon cup competitions. In conjunction with the Red Cross they had organised an emergency home nursing scheme.
CO UNTY OF HERTFORD
\ya r e .-Div. Surgeon W. G. Stewart presided at a well attended annual m eeting. Supt. T H Bu r gess stated that the division had 15 members serving with the Forces, and that every available man was serving in the C.D. Services. T h e motor ambulance had travelled 9 ,035 miles conveying 455 patients, including 41 accident cases.
Cadet Supt. Beaumont-Smith r eported on the progress of the newly formed Cadet Division All boys have shown great keenness and' several had gain ed proficien cy awards. One member had been awarded 2 Proficiency Badges, the first to r eceive same in the Co un t y. Presentations were made of certificates, and other first aid awar ds Pte
S. E. Clark, now serving in the Forces. had been awarded the Service Med al of t h e Order.
• CO UN TY O F L ANC A SHIRE
Liv erpoo1.-0n February
L ou is Moul1tbatten (S l\ pt.-lU-Chlef ) lUspected some 2,000 Ambulance, N ursin g and Cadet personnel of the Li verpool Corps the command of Corps S u pt. W. E: Searl, who was assisted by Corps Officer W. H Hall, Supt. S. Woods and Lady Supt. E. Harwood. Accompanying Lady Louis was Col. the Earl of Sefton and Lady Sefton, the Lady Mayoress of Liverpool, the Mayor and Mayoress of BootIe, the Chief Constable and Asst. Chief Constable of Liverpool. Brigade officers present included Commissioner W. G. Smith, Commissioner Cap t P Reay (Cheshire), Lady District Supt. Mrs Tweedale, Asst. Commissioner Col. G. C. E. Simpson, County Surgeon Vi. Murray Cairns; also Col. A. J. Macphail. Corps
Supt. T \V. James was in command of the Guard of Honour and Amb. Officer J . Milburn in command of the Flag Party
Lady Louis carried out the inspection, missing no details and sp oke to a n urn ber of members. She had a friendly talk with a small party Chinese Allies who are being instructed in first aid by S u pt Anthony.
After the march Past the parade was addressed by Lady Louis and later she and her party were entertained to tea at the Mersey Docks and Harbour Board Dockside Canteen.
Music for the parade was supplied by the band of the A. T. & E. Company , under Conductor J. Crooks, and the Bugle Bands of the Cadet Units' Ashton-under-Lyne -Supt. ]. W. Shel'merdine, acting as Chairman of a J oint Committee for a special effort for the Prisoners of War Fund, has handed over a cheque for £ 2,587 9s. The target was £1,000 and the members did not expect such a wonderful tesponse to their appeal.
The Mayor and Mayoress of Ashton were present at the handing over of the cheque to Sir William Coates, Chairman of the J oint Committee for the Area, a lso Asst. Commissioner W. Maxwell Reekie aild other workers.
C OUNTY O F S H ROPSHIRE
During the visit of Lady Louis Mo u ntbatten to Shropshire the Dawley Nu r si n g Division, und€r Supt. Mrs. F. Preece, was among the units which paraded at Ir onbridge.
The 1943 Returns show that p r ogre ss is being maintained in the Nursin g Divisi0ns in the County. There a r e n ow 20 Nursing Divisions, thirteen of w h ich h ave been raised since 1938, a ll a ctively engaged in various forms of war w o rk.
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COUNTY OF SURREY
Chertsey.-Post-war plans which included the erection of permanent headquarters and a recruiting drive for cadets, were referred to at the annual meeting of the Chertsey Division at which Div Surgeon J . D. Vaile presided.
Supt. Gristock expressed thanks to Capt. S. L. Craft (the president who was unable to be present) for his active interest and paid tribute to Dr. Vaile, Hon. Secretary 'vV. Hooks and Amb. Officer Hampshire. The division, which originated from a small class formed in October, 1928, was the first body in Chertsey to become interested in A.R.P. as far back as 193? Instruction had been given the A.T.C. and the Home Guard Mr. Gristock emphasised the need for permanent headquarters and the increase of the Building Fund. Thirty-five parcels and letters, books and postal orders had been. sent to serving members. The ambulance had been in great use and had travelled 1,300 miles conveying 70 civil and 7 service pati ents.
The Secretary reported that 19 members were in the Forces, one nlember, Private Turner having been killed in air operations and Mr. G. Martyr drowned at sea. Night duties had been done at the F.A Post.
Dr. Vaile spoke of the valuable assistance rendered by Capt. Craft and Supt. Gristock.
COUNTY OF W O RCESTE R
Powick.-County Supt. Mrs. Lechmere opened a Bazaar organised by the Powick and District Nursing Division. Trade was brisk and the Nursing Cadets ran a stall which realised £13. The total amount reached was £137 which has been sent to the Prisoners of War (Parcels) Fund. A previuus effort for the same fund realised £125. A dance organised by the division resulted in £16 being forwarded to St. Dunstan 's for Blinded Servicemen and Women.
Dudley.-The War-Savings Group of .the Dudley Division collected £920 from June to December 1, 1943. The members aimed at £1,000 by the end o f the year.
COUNTY OF SUSSEX the annual general of the Brighton Corps, which conSIsts of 4 Ambulance, 6 Nursing and 6 Cadet Divisions, many interesting details were past year's work. Of the personnel 130 are serving with H.M. Forces, 23 in C.D. full-time and 77 whilst 33 members are serving wIth the C.N.R. Civil Defence duties numbered 4,535 {28,OOO hours}, other duties totalled 2,823 (IO,304 hours). and 3,900 hours of duty were done in hospitals. A total of 31 courses of instruction were
6 2
held at which many hundreds of t he general p u blic were trained. The number of cases treated was 37 7 The Soci al Committee, u nder the chairmanship of the V ice-president, Mrs. W. Stuttaford, raised a considerable sum of money by holding numerous functions .
Under the able leadership of Corps Surgeon and Supt. Dr. F. H. Stuttafo r d , ably assisted by Corps Officers Williams, Grace and Winder, the Corps has had a very successful year and has given val uable contribution to the War Effort.
E A ST RIDING OF YORKSHIR E
Hum b ersi d e C orps.-A social evening was arranged recently by the membe rs of the Corps, the events including a whist drive, games, dancing, etc. Warrants of appointments were presented to Surgeon G. Thompson, Corps Supt. H Rankine, Corps Officer Miss E. G. Moore, Corps Secretary W. J. Mowiorth, Corps Treasurer J. S. 'Whitaker, Corps Transport Officer A. H. Oliver, Corps Sergt.Major A. H. Ransome. Reference was made to the fact that Corps Supt. Rankine had been awarded the Fire Guard Inst ru ctors' Certificate, Special Grade, at Easingwold.
The Corps, which now has 3 Ambulance . and 4 Nursing Divisions with a personnel of 175, was initiated in January, 1941, w.hen 7 enthusiasts signed the register. Activities have been many. A Medical Comforts Depot has been established; an ambulance service for civilian sick and casualties has been opened, which, during the first"six months it was opened transported 120 cases. Duties have been performed at Hospitals and Clinics. A has been made to acquire a house III the Brough locality as a Corps Headquarters and Sick Bay.
Those present at the social included Asst. County Commissioner G. Edwards, County Supt. Mrs. Edwards, and other members of the County Staff, also Mrs. Reckitt and Mrs. Robinson, to whom warrants of appoint.ments and badges were presented as PreSIdents of the Brough and Dist r ict and Blackburn Aircraft Nursing Divisions respecti vely.
Supt. Mrs. Jarman presided and presented the annual report at the meeting of. North Ferriby and District Nursing DlvlSlon, supported by Lady Atkinson (County President),' Corps Supt. Rankine, and Corps Officer Miss Moore. Over 3,20 0 h ours of d u ty were performed b y members in Hospitals, on the amb ulance, and other duties. Amb. Officer Mrs. Storey (Secretary) and Amb Officer
Mrs. Farrell (treasurer) each su bmitted a report which were of a healthy nat ure.
Lady Atklllson congratulated the D iv ision on its achievements and record.
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He adquarters: Priory House, 4, Cathedral Road , Cardiff
GENERAL INTEREST spicuous bravery on the in It was announced at tbe meeting of tbe Italy. Sergeant Jones has received a Council of the Priory over which Sir letter from the Commissioner f?r. William Cope presided in Cardiff on co n gratulating him upon the dlsbnctlOn February 15 that Aldennan W. J. Saddler, won and extending to him the best J.p., had been appointed Assistant Direc- wishes of the Priory 'for continued success. tor of Ambulance in succession to the late FLINTSHIRE CENTRE. Tribute to the Mr. Oliver Harris. This appointment fact that the Rhyl Division since its of the Secretary of the South Wales inception less than four years ago, was Mine rs' Federation maintains the !ink to-day one of the strongest and which bas existed between the Pnory active divisions in the county, was paId and the Federation since the office of by several speakers at the annual general Director of Ambulance was first meeting of the division held on February by the late Rt. Hon. Thomas RIchards, 18. Mr. A. E. Lindsay, Chief Constable P.C , M.P., Gentlral Secretary of tbe of Flintshire, who is Asst. Commissioner Federation. for Flintshire and President of the Rbyl Sir Leonard in his Division, presided. report to CounCIl as of the The financia l position of the Ambulance Priory, reported on the gIft to the Pno r y Division was reported upon in gratifying Museum of med';Lls terms by Supt. Herbert S. Turner, who by Colonel SIT J Kmg, gave details of the Division, Motor to the Order. SIr. Leonard was Ambulance and Building Funds. He to procure a dIsplay case ar.bcles reported that the Nursing Division had which wil l a lso bui}t up a credit balance; and the on VIew ill Lhe Pnnclpal Secretar y s Am b u la n ce Cadets bad likewise macle room at Prio r y House. sp lendid progress in accumulating a small CENTRE REPORTS Fu n d.
CAERNARVONSHIRE CENTRE. Miss L ouise Amb. Officer David Lloyd said that the Morley of the office of war Informat ion, motor ambulance had been in service just U.S.A., visited the St. John Cadets at the over a year, the total number of patients Instit.ute Buildings, Caernarvon, as one transported during the year being 74. of the sections of the Youth Or ganisations Richard Davies presented his of the County. report as Divisional Secretary.
At the meeting were· the President the Mrs. M. H. Duesbury, formerly superRt. Hon. Lord Penrhyn, Assistant Cbm- intendent of the Nursing Division and missioner T. J. Pritchard, the Mayo r of now superintendent of the West FlintCaernarvon, Councillor H. R. Phillips, W. shire Nursing Corps, extended a cordial Phillip Davies, the Town Clerk, Cen tre welcome to the new nursing SuperintenSecretary W. T. Davies, Centre Treasurer dent, Mrs. N. I. Bailey, of Bath, who G. W. Roberts , Corps Officer VY . Cliffe, came to Rbyl with much practical Corps Officer W. Pritchard, County Cadet exper:ience of St. John nursing. She said Sec. R. 1. Hughes, who was responsible for that the members of the Nursing Division the arrangements of the evening, officers attended no fewer than 1,633 duties. and members of the Brigade . They had canvassed and obtained the was conducted by Mr. J ohn Morris, signatures of 74 blood donors, turned H. M. Inspector of Schools, accompan ied out on 16 occasions with the ambulance by Miss Stanley Jones, H.M.I., an d and attended to 50 first aid cases. Mr. Goronwy O. Roberts, t he Co un ty The final report was presented b y Youth Organiser. Cadet Supt. Reece, who stated that the The Penmaenmawr Nu r sing Cadet past year had been most successful for Division in charge of Lady Supt. M the Ambulance Cadets; and he acknowWilliams ] ones and Lady Cadet Officer ledged the generosity and kindness which Parry gave an excellent display of First had been shown them by Mr. C. H. Aid and Home Nursing, as did the Lla n - Roberts, ] .P., Divisional Chairman, in duclno Cadets. Miss Morley complimented personally defraying the rental charges of the Units on their Display. the Brigade Hall for their weekly p rac -
PENRHYN QUARRY DIVISION. P ri ory tices
Headquarters was to receive a THE MELIDEN AMBULANCE DIVIS IO N notification from Asst. Commissio n er has sustained a sad loss by the deat h o n T. ]. Pr itchard that Sergeant ] ohn ] on es, ] an,"ary 19, of Supt. George Har dwicke Secretary of the Penrhyn Quarry Division Clarke, a highly esteemed officer. A now serving in H.M. Forces had been t r ibute which appeared in the local P r ess awarded the Military Medal for co n- referred to his long a ssociation with 64
THE FORMULA OF ARGOTONE, DECONGESTIVE and DISINFECTANT COMPOUND, EXPLAINS ITS MEDICAL ACCEPTANCE
Argotone, the only combination of Argyrol with laevorotatory ephedrine in normal saline solution, has gained wide medical for the treatment of Colds, Acute or Chronic Rhinitis, Catarrh, Sinusitis, Asthma and Hay Fever.
This medical preparation can be confidently recommended for all nasal affections being decongestive and antiseptic, immediate in action yet harmless to the deliCate mucous membranes.
ARGOTONE
NASAL DROPS
THE BRAINWORKER
Present-day condition s a t work and a t home often p r oduce a res tlessness of mind and body. The consequen t loss of t he powcr 01 concentration and of mental output often indicates the n eed for a sedative.
Of the many available forms of analgesi c, 'Anadin '-a compound of as pirin, phenacetin and caffeine-is esp eciall y well-sui ted t o t his type of case . It may in fact be pres cr ibed for prolonged administration wit hout h armful after-effects.
The bala n ced n ature of the fo r m ula , m aint ained in the p r ocess of manufa cture. merits com plet e confiden ce in its effi ca cy and safe ty.
Ambulance work, extending back to 1915 and quoted the reference of the Divisional Surgeon to "his equanimity of disposition, tireless energy and pe rsona] efficiency." The funeral was attended by members of the Flintshire and \\'est Flintshire Corps, Civil Defence personnel, and representatives of various other bodies to which the late Superintendent belonged.
MONMOUTHSHIRE CENTRE
A report has been received from the Commissioner for Monmouthshire, Captain S. T. Beard, O.B.E , on the splendid way in which Nursing members in' the Chepstow area responded to the recent call for nursing aid. Cap t ain B eard's attention was drawn by the Director of Social VVelfare, Monmouthshire County Council, to the great difficulty being experienced at House, Chepstow, where the nursing staff wn.s depleted hy illness and the Infirmary was full of patients. An appeal was made to Llanishen (Mon.) and Chepstow Rural • Nursing Division and Chepstow Ambu llance Division to offer all the help they could give, with the result that Officers and did up to six , hams' duty daily until the emergency ended.
GLAMORGAN CENTRE.-Dr. M. V. Roberts in his report Gn the Barry County Area of which he is Asst. Commissioner, states that the strength and activities of the Barry and District Corps had been maintained, though a proportion of the mem bers Were serving in H .M. Forces, Civil Defence and Home Guard. One Barry member had been repatriated, one still remains captive' and one had been killed on active service. A t the First Aid Hut at Barry Island, 747 cases had been treated by Brigade personnel.
Reference is made to the service given, jointly with B.R.e.S. personnel, in the raising of funds for the 'War Organisation, the total slim collected in Barry since the inauguration of H.R.H. the Duke of Gloucester's Fund being £10,385 18s. 6 d
O BI T UARY
We regret to announce the death of 1.1r. Ed gar Trounson, on January 28, at Redruth, Cornwall, aged 65 years. He had been associated with the Brigade in Cornwall for many years and was a member of the Redruth Division, the oldest ?ivision in the county, serving as Supermtendent from 1913 to 1918. From 1925 to 1932 he was County Commissioner and on retiring kept up his interest in ambulance work, both locally and in the Duchy. Up to the time of his death he was Chairman of the Finance Committee of the
Cornwall J.W.O. Committee. At t h e fune r a l members of the Redruth Division a cted as bear er s and among presen t to p ay t he ir last r espects were Lt.-Col. W H W Bol itho (Lo r d Lieutenant of Corn wall and County President of the B ri gade), Cou n ty Cow-missioner Lt.-Col. B lackwood, Viscount Clifrlen (County Di rector, B.R.C.S.), Mrs. Bolitho (County Presielent, B.R.C.S.) and a large gathering of officers and member s of the Brigade.
Lady Ambulance Officer Mrs. Honey , of the Herne Bay Nursing Division, who died on Janua r y 27 She was an ardent worke r in a ll divisional activities and also in the Congregatio n a l Church At the annual inspection in J uly last year she received her Servi ce Medal. •
Lady Supt. Miss Alice J. Buckle of the Rotherham Nursing Div isio n , on January 13. She was the first superintendent of the division, fo r med in 1924, anel many lectures on l'\ursing. She was also superintendent of the Rotherham Qlleen's Nurses until her retirement in 1940.
Mrs. Florinda Hayes, M.B.E., Lady ' County Superintendent on Brigaele Reserve, County of Hampshire, who died on February 9. She had a long record of faithful -service to the Order and Brigade enrolling in 1914 when she formed and was appointed Cpmmandant of the Detachment 430 Londonderry (S.] .A.A Territorial Branch). For her work, 19 14 to 1919, she was admitted to the Order as a Dame of Grace. Moving to Bournemnuth she became President of the Bournemouth Nursing Division in 102 1, appointed Lady Superintendent in 1923, Lady Corns Superintendent, Bnumemnuth Corps 1929, Lady County Officer and Lady County Superintendent in 1935. In 1941 she was placed on the Brigade Resprve. 1940 she received the M.B.E.; she held the Service Medal and Bar.
RECEIVED
" First Aid in ,Var" (Revised edition ), by F. A. Hawksworth. Many new chapters have been added to this useful booklet and many illustrations are now included Col. E.'L. Sandilanrl , RA.M.C. (Retd.) in his foreword recommends the booklet to all C.D. personnel. The hints on rescue work should prove of value t o those who have to undertake the training of Rescue work, whilst the general instru ctions are of interest, and should assist all those connected with first aiel Copies of the book are obtainable from the A uthor ,at 40, York Road, Tunbridge Wells, Kent , at Is. 4d. per copy, plus postage, or 16s per dozen, post free.
66
A NEW BOOK FIRST-AID' COMPETITION TRAINING
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-FOR"""'" WOU NDS, CUTS, 8URNS, SKIN IRRITATION
SPRO' WITH THE FORCES
INTE'RESTING CASE REPORTS
CASE REpORT o. 246. District Sur'geon J. B. Mitchell, of Uganda, Central Africa, S.J .A.B., forwards the following report which was compiled without assistance and submitted to him by Hilary Mubiru, an African boy in Form 4 of the local Secondary School :......:...
On Tuesday afternoon, September 14, 1943, news came to us that two boys of the Junior School had jumped out of the train and that one of them had died at the spot. At once we boys hurried down with our stretcher, bandages, splints, cotton wool and a bottle of iodine. Assoon as we arrived there we dispersed the crowd that had encircled the two boys and started work at once.
The first boy had not been seriously injured except that he had several bruises on the legs and arms but the other one was really believed to be dead. We noticed that his condition was made wQrse by someone who had poured cold water upon him before we got there. His breath had totally disappeared and his pulse was very weak, and could hardly felt. His eyes were closed and when we opened them .they could no longer react with light. His teeth were joined firmly together, and, he was totally unconscious. At the back of his head was a large wound cut by the stones on which he fell, but the blood had clotted so that no hiEmorrhage required attention.
Before we could perform artificial respiration, the Sister in charge of the Junior School, arrived bringing with her a bottle of a certain stimulant; and she forbade us to do anything before she had tried her stuff. Then we helped her to force in the boy's mouth a few spoonfuls of the stimulant. After two minutes the injured showed signs of life by motions of his lips. After four minutes, the pulse could be felt at the wrist. vVe then wrapped him in bandages and carried him slowly on the stretcher to the convent. Here, we first cut off his wet clothes with a pair of scissors, laid him on bed, amI, applying hot water bottles between his legs and at the sides, we covered him with blankets and left him in the care of the Sisters.
The next morning he was taken to hospital, and we hear that there is hope for his recovery
COMMENT.-To Colonel J. L. Sleeman, Chief Commissioner Brigade Overseas, is due some of the credit for the advance made ambulance service by native Africans. When he visited these parts in 1935 there were only 14 Africans who had gained their certificate. To-day there are several hundreds includi11g over 100 in the Kenya Police ; and the school boys are taking active interest. Clearly, the African brain is equally as good as the European as this report proves; and all that hI! requires is proper education. ' To Hilary Mubiru and his school friends, therefore, we tender cordial congratulations on good work well done.-N.C.F.
CASE REPORT No. 247. The Officerin-Charge of the County of Kent, S.J.A.B., reports the efficient performance of first aid by members of the Ramsgate Town Division in the following circumstances:
At 9.15 p .m. on Sunday, January 16, when a dense fog enveloped the Town, a call was received for assistance and the ambulance. Transport Corporal C. Penney, Privates VI. Wilson and E. Carlton, at once proceeded to the Harbour. On arrival they found that a seaman had been rescued from the sea and that he was lying on the deck of his ship, unconscious and not breathing. 'Without any Cielay they commenced Schafer's method of artificial respiration and persevered in relays, being assisted by members of the crew. After they had worked steaclily for an hour and a quarter they succeeded ill restoring the patient to full consciollsness. This done, they removed him in the ambulance to the Services Sick Quarters where he was able to receive professional attention and subsequently made a rapid and complete recovery.
COMMENT -No operation tests the patience and perseverance more than performance oj. artificial respiration, especially since, as often happens, the response to treatment may be long delayed. I n these circumstances, the above-named members of the Brigade merit cordial congratulations on the success which attended their efforts on tins occaswn and particularly on the fact that they restored their patient to life.
-N.C.F.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
Burns by Phenol
F. H. (Welwyn Garden City).-As a factory first-aider I have recently come across tvvo cases of burns on the face caused by strong solutions of phenol. !hese by thoroughly washmg WIth bIcarbonate solution, which 68 appeared to be effective in reducing the symptoms. As such injuries are liable to recur in industry concerned, I should be obhged for your ruling on the best treatment . Phenol is a corrosive acid and is so called in Chapter XV of Textbook. Your
Revised E.dition
FirstAid InWar
A. HAWKSWORTH,L.F.G.I.
Serving Brother Order St. John. Late Regional First Aid Instructor (No. 12 Region ) CASUALTY WORK ADVANCED FOR FI RST-AI D STU DENTS A Training Manual in Simple Language
RESCUEHINTS, KNOTS & LASHINGS, STRETCHER TYINGS, MANY ILLUSTRATIONS.
FOREWORD BY COL. E. L. SANDILAND, R.A.M.C.T. (Ret.) Asst Medical Officer and Ambulance Officer C ivil' Defence Kent County Council.
This book is suitable for Training for Casualty and Rescue Services, and Horne Guards.
. Price 1/4 Dozen Lots Post Free
FROM THE AUTHOR
40, YORK ROAD, TUNBRIDC?E WELLS, KENT
By A. W. MAC QUA
R R
I
M B., Ch B (Edin.). Admiralty Surgeon and Agent, Civil Defence Medical Officer, Major and Batt. Medical Officer, Home Guard CONTENTS
Demy 16mo
I. Examination and Diagnosis.
2. Wounds.
3. Hysteria and Shock.
4. H;emorrhage.
5. Asphyxia.
6. The Unconscious Patien t.
7. Transport.
SUTHERLAND'S FIRST AID to Injured and Sick 9d. net, postage 2d. Ideal for quick reference purposes
Published by E. & S LIVINGSTONE 16 and 17 TEVIOT PLACE, EDINBURGH
A recent advance in Sulphonamide Therapy
OLEO.SU LPHON A M I DE
A 12 % dispersion of p-amino-benzene-sulphonamide in crude cod liver oil.
A soothing application for first and second degree burns, ulcers and streptococcal infections of the skin, including infantile diaper rashes.
Further informayon, and prices upon request.
Telephone: Kingston 1234 (5 lines)
treatment was, therefore, in strict accordance with the instructions given on page 18 0. -
N.C.F.
Inha lation of Prussic Acid
H. C. (Cardiff).-I was recently told that prussic acid can poison anyone who inhales its vapour. Please tell me if this is a fact and what is the correct first aid treatment.
TVhether swallowed, inhaled , or applied to a wound, prussic acid P1' oduces identical effects and in cases of poisoning calls .Jor identical treatment, since the poison may act all three ways. Thus, the signs and symptoms of poisoning ma:y come on during the act of and people have fallen to the ground unconscious from 11.2erely smelling the vapour. The key to the problem is the potency of the solution of prussic acid which may vary within wide limits.-N.F.C
C r a mp a nd Its Tre a tment
G. R. (-ewbury) -Please tell me the treatment that should be used for swimmers suffering from severe muscular cramp through immersion in water.
The first stage of t1'eatment is to get the victim out of the water, to dry him thoroughly and to 'wrap hi1J'l- in warm This done, relief may sometimes be effected by grasping firmly and rubbing briskly the affected muscles with hand or towel, and sometimes by vigorous voluntary movements of the muscles.-N.C.F.
Rupture of M uscles
D. A. (Putney).-Please tell me if a muscle can be ruptured without any external wound. v.,re recently discussed this problem in our class but we could not agree and so decided to ask your kind ru ling.
Rupture of muscles may occur without external wound as the result of spasmodic muscular effort. A common example is rupture of the plantaris muscle which is a small muscle in the calf of the leg and may be torn right across during the act of running or jumping.-N .C.F.
Treatment of Fra ctured Leg
C. VV. (l\Ielksham).-I have read your answer to questions for a number of years and have gained quite a lot of useful information from them. Now I have two
A.F.M. · Drums, Bugles
Flutes and Equipment
Are
direct from factory at first cost. U you requlre &n estimAte for lingle Inatrument or com. plete Band, we C&Il give It I Bepa\n to all Inatrumente A. F. MATTHEWS (Drums)
q uestions which I wish to p a ss on for your kind ruling.
(1) How many bandag:s are to be u sed in the treatment of a SImple fractu r e of the leg when no splint is available?
Reading page 92 of the Textbook I gather from the position of the comm a s , that separate bandages should be u sed for the feet and ankles. If this is so , why is the figure-of-8 bandage not u sed as in the general treatment of in ju r ies to the lower limbs?
(1) On p. 92 the Textbook tells you that, when no splint is available, the feet, knees and thighs should be tied together. Further, in Rule 4 on the same page it inst-ructs you to secure the ankles and feet with one applied" as a figure-of-8." In other, w ords, the bandages above and below the fracture are to be omitted when no splint is available but the other tliree bandages are to be apPlied.
Incidentally I think that in the instructions quoted by you, the comma between " the feet, ankles" is a misprint and that the instructions should read "the feet and ankles " or better still "the ankles and. feet" as in Rule 4, p. 92.
(2) As I have just stated, it is obviously the intention of the Textbook that a figure-of8 should control ankl es and feet.-N.C.F.
Choice of Arm -Sling
N. O (Chiswick).-The Textbook does not specify the type of arm-sling which is to be used for the various pos:;ible injuries affecting the upper limb. In our difficulty, therefore, we turn once again to you for help and thank you in advance. Your statement is not true to fact. If, therefore, you will carefully re-read your Textbook you will find that it recommends the smail arm-sling for all cases of fractures of humerus; that it recommends the St. J ] olm sling for fractures of clavicle and scapula and also for bleeding from the palmar arches " and that by inference it recommends the large arm-sling for all injuries of the upper limb other than those just na111,ed (wounds, fractures, sprains, dislocations, and so on) and also for fractures of the ribs.-N C.F.
CLASSIFIED ADVERTISEMENTS
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The St. John Ambulance Association
Its History and its . Part in the Ambulance Movement
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SJ.A. REGULATION COAT
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