The St John Ambulance Gazette (1942)

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VOL. 15. No. I JANUARY,

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Edited by GEORGE E. CRAFT, F.R.S.A.

VOL. 15. No. I JANUARY, 1942

EDITORIAL

Most readers will, no doubt, be surprised to find that a new format bas been decided upon in this issue of THE GAZETTE; but, notwithstanding the break with tradition, we feel that all will welcome THE GAZETTE in its new form, all the more so when it is realised that the change has been enforced by prevailing circumstances.

The change to " pocket-size" has been prompted by the following reasons: (1) It enables us to assist the Government in its appeal for the saving of paper; (2) we shall be able to meet, in a small way, the demand for THE GAZETTE from new members and divisions; (3) that in spite of the reduction in size we shall be able to allow for at least as much reading matter as before, so that all the usual features will, therefore, be fully maintained.

Just one request. Some Divisional Secretaries- may find that the number of copies they receive are less than that ordered. This is due to the greater demand now being made for THE GAZETTE, which, owing to the paper rationing, we cannot completely meet. It is our endeavour to supply every Division with at least a few copies each month; and therefore we ask all Divisions and readers to , pass their copy on when it has served their purpose.

. V-lith the advent of 1942 we take pleasure in placing on record our sincere thanks to all who have assisted in the publication of THE GAZETTE during 1941 : to Dr. Corbet Fletcher, who since its inception has been Honorary Medical Correspondent; to Dr. W. C. Bentall, whose contributions on A.R.P. matters have appeared regularly over a long period; to Dr. Alice M. Pennell , who has contributed articles of interest to the Nursing Personnel; and to those who have sent reports of their divisional activities and co-operated in other ways' It is im'possible to thank all by name, but we do assure those who have assisted that their help is much appreciated.

In these turbulent days the work of the Order of St. John has increased many-fold, but members have not failed the trust reposed in them.

At home we have withstood the effects of hostile aircraft and are ready to do battle again.

.Overseas, our colleagues in many parts of the Empire are nobly enduring conditions similar to those which have prevailed at home. At Malta, at Hong Kong, and other places members have done, and continue to do, magnificent work. The reports received from these centres clearly indicate that the St. John spirit flourishes as nobly to-day as in the time of the first Crusaders of l099.-THE EDITOR. 3

His Majesty the King has been graciously pleased to sanction the following Promotions in, and Appointments to, The Venerable Order of the Hospita.l of St. John of Jent-salem

For Promotion to the Grade of Bailiff William Alfred Browne (from Serving Grand Cross Brother).

Colonel Charles Joseph Trimble, C.B., Joseph Henry Dee (from Serving Brother). C.M.G., V.D., T.D., L.RC.P.Ed. (from Victor Harry Orlando Harris (from ServKnigbt). ing Brotlier).

For Promotion to the Grade of Knight Richard Clegg" M.RC.S., L.RC.P. (from Commander) .

For Admission in the Grade of Knight H.E. Sir Reginald Hugh Dorman-Smith, Governor of Burma.

H.E. The Hon Sir Charles Cecil Farquharson Dundas, KC.M.G., O.B.E., Governor of Uganda.

For Promotion to the Grade of Dame

The Lady Plender (from Commander).

For Promotion to the Grade of Commander (Brother)

Roland Nightingale, M.D. (from Officer).

William Egbert Thompson, O.B.E., M.B. (from Officer).

Winstan St. Andrew St. John, M.RC.S., L.RC.P. (from Honorary Associate).

William Edgar Ballard (from Officer).

Major George Aylwen (from Officer).

John Henry Dain, O.B.E. (from Officer).

Major-General Ralph Bignell Ainsworth, C.B., O.B.E., D.S.O., KH.P. (from Officer).

Squadron-Leader Thomas Wilfrid Elsdon, RA.F. (from Officer).

For Admission in the Grade of Commander (Brother)

William Gibson, M.D.

Samuel Howard Whitbread, C.B.

For Promotion to the Grade of Commander (Sister)

Grace, Lady Tudor-Craig (from Officer).

For Promotion to the Grade of Officer (Brother)

Norman Manson, M.B. (from Temporary Serving Brother).

Frederick Peter Mills (from Serving Brother).

David Millar Wagstaff .(from Serving Brother).

Captain Guy Bowder Armstrong (from Serving Brother).

Robert Caile (from SeFving Brother).

Myron Richard Fail;' (from Serving Brother).

James Pearson (from Serving :Brother).

Frank Samuel Hardy, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P. (from Brother).

Herbert Bartrop (from Serving Brother).

For Admission in the Grade of Officer (Brother)

Major Richard Lumley Hurst (on appointment as Personal Esquire to Sir Percival H-S-Hartley).

Anthony Keith-Roach.

Colonel Cyril Murton Croft.

Archibald Oliver, M.D., D.P.H.

Captain John Hugh Jones.

Major Antony Henry'Head, M.C.

Commander Aylmer Newton George Flrebrace, C.B.E ., RN. Rtd.

Sir James Henry Sutherland Aitken

Frederic James Broadbent.

Alfred George Timbrell Fisher, F.RC.S.

For Promotion to the Grade of Officer (Sister)

Grace Elizabeth, Miss Partridge (from Serving Sister).

Ida, Mrs. Jennings, M.B.E. (from Serving Sister).

Julia May, Mrs. Lievesley (from Serving Sister)

For Admission in the Grade of Officer (Sister)

Violet Evelyn, Lady Wilton. Elizabeth, Mrs. Goodley.

Constance Agnes, Lady Cripps.

Joyce, Mrs. Coates.

Audrey Maureen Leslie, The Hon. Mrs. Devereux.

Beatrix Justina Dunbar, Lady DunbarNasmith.

Jane Grey, Lady Clinton.

For Admission in the Grade of Serving Brother

Francis Farrell.

Herbert Edwin Bennett.

Ernest Edward Pottinger.

Frederick James Edward Crimmen.

Robert Turpin.

Charles Herman Green.

Frederick Henry Hipkin

Sydney Alfred Charles Bonny.

Joseph Henry Frederick Wickard, J ames Sylvester Hannam.

William Frederick Wills.

Captain Adolph Hulett Rees.

Edmund Heap.

Ernest Noble WObd.

Harold Moody. James McCUIhiskey.

N orman White.

Robert Holmes.

Cyril Meredith Willmott, L.RC.P. & S

Albert Wilbourn Free.

Thomas William Parker.

Herbert Hyde Bridle.

Major John Hargreaves Robinson, L.M.RC.P.I.

Major James Percival Critchley.

John Pattinson.

Ernest Cecil Whistler.

John Findlay, M.D.

Ernest Frank Dower.

William Page.

Bertie Hales.

William Thatcher.

Charles Skinner.

Henry John Albert Croker.

Harry Reginald Herbert Page.

Stanley Louis Whittle.

Thomas Dix.

William Henry Rowles.

William Henry Andrews.

John Taylor.

Joseph Price.

Sam Cooper.

John Lawrence Dooley, M.B.

Alfred George Weller.

Samuel John Watt Donald, M.B.

Frederi ck Carrier.

Wih on Atkinson.

Ge.orge Hugh es Hcrl ' ert Lee.

Liel:t.-ColotJ.el Eric Per civ al \ iV illiam Muschamp.

Frederick Albert Trott.

Henry J a mes Graydon White

William Alfred Smart.

George Elias Holford

John Alb ert House.

John Baines.

Basil Lyndon Steele, M R C.S., L.R.C.P.

George Willoughby.

William Victor Moore Allen.

William Henry Robin son.

Fred Holmes.

Samuel MacCallum Newman, M.B.

Arthur Farewell Sykes.

Albert Elson

John Gibson.

Oliver Brown

Wilfred Winterbottom.

Rowland White

Edward Stanley Seymour. .

James Donald Sinclair, O.B.E., M.RC S.

Arthur Atkinson Walker.

Robert J.ackson Wake.

Leo Thomas March.

George James Creech .

Jack Seidenberg, M.RC.S , L.RC.P.

John George Longstaff.

William Louis Murray Bigby, M . B.,

M.RC.S.

Hubert Sidney Alfred Thomas. John Shaw.

For Admission ill the Grade of Associate Serving Brother Kattucarany Chinniah Dorai Sawmy. Thirumudi Ganga Dharam, M.D. Dr. Noah Pines.

For Admission in the Grade of Serving Sister

Mary Winnifred, Miss Addison.

Cynthia Cicely, Mrs. Thomas. Lilian May, Miss Carling.

Doris Irene, Miss Fuller.

Madge Edith, Miss Headridge. Frances Mary, Mrs. Browne. J essie, Miss McMillan.

Flora Macdonald, Miss Hogg, M.B. Ethel May, Miss Rooff, A.RRC. Mary, Miss Myson.

Esther Emily, Miss Brown.

Annie Maud, Miss Style.

Jane Ann, Mrs Brown.

Lilian Gladys, Miss Ridgway. Fanny, Miss Chadwick.

Dorothy Emily, Mrs. Rayner. Mabel, Miss Raymond. Mabel Alice, Mrs. Clarebrough. Gladys Maud Gertrude, Miss Oldroyd. Dorothy Isabel, Miss Hubbard. Alice Maud, Mrs. Duke.

PRIORY FOR WALES

For Promotion to the Grade of Officer (Brother) H a rold Edwin Th omas , M RC.S., L.RC P. (from S erving Brother)

For Admission in the Grade of Officer (Brother ) Co lby Tielke Allan.

For Admission in the Grade of Officer (Sister ) The Viscountess Clive .

COMMANDERY IN SOUTHERN AFRICA

For Admission in the Grade of Serving Brother Pieter T a lli efer Steyn INDIA

For PrOlTIotion to the Grade of Associate Knight Dhanjibhai Hormasji Mehta, C.LE ., L.M & S. (from A ssociate Commander).

For Admission in the Grade of Associate Serving Brother Shiavux Sora bji Banker, L.RC.P ., D.P H., L.M. & S.

AUSTRALIA

New South Wales

For Admission in the Grade of Serving Brother Edwin Newton Daly.

Harold Thomas :Williams.

South Australia

For Promotion to the Grade of Officer (Brother)

Arthur Edward Meaker (from Serving Brother )

5

THE COMMANDERY IN CANADA

By'The Lady louis Mountbatten

Dame of the Order, Deputy Lady Superintender:t-in-Chief, and No. 1 (Prince of Wales's) District, and also of th.e County of St. John Ambulance Bngade.

(Editor's Note: Lady Louis Moun.tbatten recently on behalf of the .10i1'}-t War Organisation, a tour of the Umted States 0/ A men ca. .Canada. Canada Lady Louis, at the request of the Order, an, to th e Commandery in Canada and many functions were arranged. Her of the to,,:,r the work being carried out by our Canadian colleagues are contamed the In spite of Canada's magnillcent war effort, and the .fine loyal sUI?port. she is giving to the Mother Country, the universal impreSSIOn one receIv.es ill the Dominion is that the people themselves feel that they are not as yet domg nearly enough. 'b t

Everywhere one is met by an illspInng and touchmg to contn u e mere to work even harder, to serve Overseas as soon as pOSSIble, and I was by, this duri?-g my recent visit to the St. John I had the privilege of meeting many of the officers of the Order and C'. the Association, and large numbers of officers and members, .both men and of the rapidly growing Brigade, and I home most picture, and with deep gratitude at the kindness, hOSpItalIty and fnendship which had been shown me throughout my tour. . St. John in Canada has entered heart and soul lJ?-tO our common s.truggle for Justke and Freedom and is giving invaluable serVice locally and

The grand trammg of the Association and the magnificent work of the Brigade , even in the most remote districts, is proving all-important, and our nlembers are cooperating everywhere possible with the newlyformed A.R.P. and Civil ' Defence Services.

It must be remembered that the population of Canada is comparatively small, the distances enormous, and in consequence the raising of Ambulance and Nursing Divisions is no easy task. Nevertheless, the membership is increasing each day, and in the Province of Ontario alone no less than 69 new Di visions have been formed . since the outbreak of war.

last month to welcome Lady Loms on 4er return from the :United States and Canada.

1 was able to visit the Provinces of Quebec, Manitoba, Ontario, and the Federal District of Otta:wa, w bile large inspections had been

arranged for me in Montreal, Toronto, Hamilton, alid Winnipeg. I also attended a mass St. John Rally in the Capitol Theatre, Ottawa, where many thousands of people were present. At this gathering H. E. The Governor-General gave an inspiring address, telling of the work of the Brigade in Canada and South Africa, and kindly invited me to speak on the recent work of St. John at home.

In all the places I visited the immense value of the training given by St. John was apparent, and I was particularly impressed at efficienc,Y, smartness and keenness of the Brigade members, and at the exceptIonally high standard of their work and appearance. This applied equally to the Ambulance, Nursing and Cadet Divisions, whose marching, displays and general turnout could scarcely have been of a higher quality.

The inspections, whose sizes varied from a few hundreds to nearly 2,000, were usually held in large armouries lent by courtesy of the Army authorities, who on many occasions were also kind enougb to allow their excellent bands to take part in the proceedings.

I was touched to find that many members had travelled long distances tQ be present, even undertaking journeys of 24 hours, and I had the great pleasure of speaking personally to large numbers of them, both during the inspections and the following proceedings.

An excellent March Past was always to be seen, after which demonstrations in First Aid and Home Nursing were given by many groups of members, tbe work being carried out 'with particular efficiency and obvious enthusiasm .

At one place an extremely realistic Air Raid was staged complete witb sirens, dummy buildings, explosions and lighting effects, and the way our Canadian brothers and sisters went into action and dealt with tbe complicated casualties dragged from the devastated houses would have done credit to even our own "blitz" veterans.

I found in the heart of Canada, in the Province of Man.itoba, a most enthusiastic Ambulance Division composed almost entirely of Legion ex-Service soldiers, whilst some of the French-speaking Divisions in the Province of Quebec were amongst our most devoted and competent members.

It was a great pleasure to me to present the Efficiency Shield of 'the year to one of these, the Jeanne Manse Nursing Division in Quebec.

I was asked at each place to address members, sometimes in French as well as in English, and I bad the honour of delivering a special message which Her Majesty T,he Queen had cabled me for our Canadian members. In it Her Majesty sent them all her greetings and expressed her deep appreciation of their untiring and unselfish work.

I toW them also of our gratitude for the generous help they had sent us in the last two years and endeavoured to give them a description 01 conditions in England, especially during the worst months of the air raids, and told them particularly of the magnificent work of the Brigade during that period.

Their admiration for our people at home, for the work of St. John, and for the courage and tenacity of our civilian population is unbounded, and their one desire seems to co-operate and assist us in every possible manner.

There is no doubt that the Brigade in Canada is upholding the finest traditions of St. John and their ge.aerous understanding, help and sympathy have been, and will continue to be, a great inspiration to us all at home.

to T.R.H. The Duke and Duchess of Gloucester

The following telegram was sent to the Grand Prior on the occasion of the birth of his son :-

" The Sub-Prior and members of the Order of St. John respectfully offer most heartfelt congratulations to you and Her Royal Highness.

WILKINSON, Secretary-General."

The Grand Prior replied as follows :-

" My grateful thanks to tbe Sub-Prior and members of the Order of St. John for their kind congratulations which we much appreciate . HENRY." . 7 '

FIRST AID IN ASPHYXIA

By M. M. Scott, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P.

(Member oj the Textbook Revision Committee and Divisional Swrgeon, S.].A .B )

Continued from page 258, Decemb er , 1941, issue.

The accepted and most satisfactory method of applying artificial respiration is the Il prone pressure" method introduced by the late Professor Sir Edward Sharpey-$chafer, and generally known as the ' ' Schafer Method." Although first introduced 'in 1908, it is still not generally known that in 1931 Schafer made certain modifications in his technique in the interest of greater efficiency.

This method should be used invariably except when it is impossible to turn the patient into the prone position or when the necessary movements could cause further aggravation of serious existing injuries. The immense value ofthe method, however, will in practically every case counterbalance the later factor.

In those cases when the Schafer is impossible the Silvester (face upwards) method of artificial respiration is recommended. Although inferior to the Schafer method it is, nevertheless, superior to any advocated method.

For first aid purposes a sound knowledge of both methods will be sufficient to meet every practical need, especially when accompanied by the administration of carbon dioxide either with air or oxygen.

Whilst artificial ,respiration is being performed helpers may provide covering for the patient, below and above; loosen tight clothing; but, above all, assist by applying warmth (hpt-water bottles, hot flannels, etc.) to the legs and feet.

When spontaneous respiration returns, friction of the limbs towards the heart will assist in promoting circulation. Friction is best applied in the form of steady firm pressure along the inside of the length of t];te limb, and if working single handed the operator should keep moving continuously round the patient, applying about six strokes to each limb in turn.

, The patient should never be moved until full restoration of breathing has , occurred unless immediate danger renders it necessary. Should, however, this become imperative, the rhythmic movements , of artificial respiration must be mainta.ined during transport. '

After full recovery, and after testing the patient's ability to swallow, hot sweet stimulating drinks (tea or coffee) should be given. The patient may then be placed on his side in a warm bed arid encouraged to sleep. Always watch your patient carefully for some time to ensure that ,breathing does not fail again.

MECHANICAL METHODS OF INDUCING ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION

There are numerous mechanical methods of inducing artificial respiration, but most of them are useless. I propose mentioning one only-the" Rocking StretGher " , method, which is often extremely efficient. In this, the patient is laid on a rigid stretcher in the prone position and securely fastened in place by straps. The stretcher is pivoted about its middle on a trestle so that it may be rocked up and down rhythmically. When the head is tilted downwards the abdominal viscera rise and press upward on the diaphragm, thus inducing expiration. In lowering the the viscera fall, the diaphragm returns to its original position, thus inducing inspiration.

It has been proved by investigation that the interchange of tidal air is adequate and certain, so that the method has much to commend it in those cases in which artificial respiration must be maintained for long periods.

The" Riley" rocking stretGher is an example of this form of apparatus, being light and portable. The stretcher is tilted through an angle of 50 degrees each way with 3 seconds in the head-down position and 4 seconds in the feetdown position. Carbon dioxide may be administered at the same time and warmth easily maintained during the whole period of resuscitation.

THE ADMINISTRATION OF CARBON DIOXIDE

Carbon dioxide in the alveolar air stimulates the respiratory centre. It is therefore administered to asphyxiated cases by means of suitable apparatus, the necessary oxygen ordinarily being obtained from the fresh air. Should there be insufficiency of fresh air, or the causative factor one which demands oxygen ill a con,centrated form (such as in carbon monoxide poisoning), carbon dioxide and oxygen are administered simultaneously in the proportion of 7 per cent. carbon dioxide and 93 per cent. oxygen.

There are several portable forms of apparatus available; carbon dioxide alone being frequently administered by one of the Il Sparklet " type of resuscitators. Most forms, however, suffer from the defect of carrying too small a volume of gas for lengthy administration. Oxygen and carbon dioxide mixed may be conveniently administered by the" Novox " type of apparatus

. -:r:he of carbon with air or oxygen must now, in my Opilll?n, be an mtegral part of the first aid treatment of asphyxia, being carried ?ut artificial In certain cases where respiration sh.ll present, but fallmg, such as ill the early stages of carbon monoxide poisonmg, It may even prove the more important factor and render artificial respiration unnecessary .

I, therefore, strongly suggest that suitable apparatus be made available at all key points, e.g. police and fire stations, first aid posts, etc., and that, furthermore, all those who may be called upon to treat cases of asph yx ia by first aid should make. themselves acquainted with the use of the apparatus, whIch IS an extremely slIDple matter, and ascertain in advance where it is kept. (To be continued). !,

The Self-Fitting Sling

. M. M. Bate, of the No.9 (Royal Borough of Kensington) DIVlslOn, No.1 DIstrIct, has forwarded particulars of sling which she has designed and made.

The Self-Fitting Sling is made of cotton yarn or other soft material which may be crocheted. It is hammock shaped, and in the form of a wide mesh and is so c.onstru?ted that it adapts itself to any position of the upper limb. 'This result IS obtamed because the centre part is made of the largest mesh, decreasinO' gradually towards the ends A decrease in stitches at the edges, in the middle of the sling in relation to the in the centre, brings about the snug fit which supports the arm and keeps it in position, and also causes th e edges to be strengthened by what amounts to a double line when taut.

The sling is primarily intended for use in Gas Cleansing Stations for those who, in addition to being contaminated, have received injuries necessitating the support of the upper limbs. It can take the place of a large or small arm sling or a St. John sling in circumstances of injury where no gas contamination exists.

The advantages of the sling are: (1) simplicity, (2) speed of adjustment, (3) the mesh allows the jnjured part to be cleansed with soap and water in cases whilst the sling is in position , (4) It can be used as a bandage to keep a dressing on any part .of the body. whilst undergoing gas cleansmg, (5) It stands up to washing and boiling. Blocks

No. 369476, near Gainsborough. Owner can obtain same on applIcation to Mr. B. Bell, " Ivanhoe," Lea , Gainsborough. 9

CIVIL .DEFENCE SERVICES

, By C. Bentall, O.B.E., F.R.C.S .•, F.R.G.S.

THE" BLITZED ," PATIENT AN .D SHOCK

Shock' may accompany any or all casualties, and in Civil Defence cases in . greater number and in greater degree than in casualties. A tabular list of procedure in c@llecting casualties by the First Aid Parties must be based on the order of early death and should be as follows :-

1. Bad Bleeding (

2. AsphyKia SHOCK to be watched for and treated in

3. Unconsciousness ' all cases.

4. Fractures

If a fracture (which seldom kills) is treated first, many patients in the first three categories may be dead by the time we have finished with the fractures!

Shock may kill any of these cases, either because of the accident, or apart from them, for example in a badly broken limb, the broken bone would not cause death, but the shock to the general nervous system from excessive pain or fright might do. Bad bleeding unchecked always causes shock which quickly passes to collapse and death.

Shock is nQt easy to understand. A woman reads b.ad news in a ' telegram and falls down unconscious from shock. Was she injured? No and yes-No, because nothing hit her, but Yes, because the nerves of the' eye conveyed a message to the brain which so upset the deliGate nervous mechanism that shock ensued. The same , if bad news is told a person-shock is caused in this case because the nerves of the ear have shocked the brain A limb is blown off : the danger from loss of blood is added to by the shock conveyed through the many nwve endings in the torn wound to the brain. Many similar examples will occur to the brain which thinks hard! For exercises and practice make up as long a list as you can on the varying causes of shock. ' You cannot learn such a list from any book by heart, and if you could, such "parrot" knowledge would be of but little help. It is the active practice of quick thinking of your own brain that will make you quick in the recognition of the condition and first aid treatment of shock. '

Treatment of Shock. 'In peacetime competitions the great majority of our First Aiders preface answers in many cases by saying" Treat shock" and they do nothing more! A good examiner will often give no marks unless the candidate says what he would do in a case of shock.

(1)" Rest is too seldom thought of as a treatment for shock. Rest not only means quiet and bed, but it also means slow and careful driving by the ambulance driver, gentle handling in loading the stretcher and carrying it, non-fussy attendants in a First Aid Post, and a ,doctor may even push the idea of rest in a more scientific way by giving morphia. A surgeon will telL you that many patients ' who have rested some time before a big abdominal operation is much more likely to live, and that one who is rushed to the operating table without adequate Rest 'may die during the operation!

(2) Warmth. Our old teaching is to apply Warmth inside and out. This does not mean just a hot-water bottle! Many C.D. personnel say they ' have no hot-water bottles and therefore cannot treat shock. First aid surely would suggest a beer bottle :filled with hot water, a hot oven shelf in a cottage, warm flannel or blankets, or any other rags or sp,cks-a blanket is not the only thing that is good for shock, as many First Aiders seem to thjnk I-and even the hot bricks from a nearby burning building, wrapped in any old cloth or rag helped many a Fitst Aid Party in the big blitzes to satisfactorily apply warmth.

Many - forms of treatment under this heading of Warmth will occur to the active brain of a good First Aider; for example, if a patient is lying injured out of doors, to gently place him out of a cold east wind on the west side of a 10

te, G())ver , mats, or even take the bonnet of your car and use it as a screen round him or prop it over him, or use anything you may have at hand, e.g., in the country, -a gate or hurdle, in the town try the nearest house and ' ask if they will kindly allow a very shocked patient to rest there until either the doctor comes or he can be removed; assure such householders that if they can put him in a warm room andput a blanket over him they may save his life. They certainly would not refuse, but would be glad to give so valuable and easily rendered help I Try now and think of many more similar applications of warmth. To practice IQ,aking your brain think of these unusual procedures will do much more for you as a First Aider than swatting up a book.

(3) Drinks should be given to a shock case if the patient is conscious and can swallow. You are well acquainted with the usual hot tea and sugar which is specially provided in our First Aid Posts for this purpose (sometimes personnel are apt to forget this prime use of sweetened tea and U$e it themselves). There is real science in this because tea contains the stimulant to the nervous system, called tannin, and sweet because the chemistry of sugar supplies a very important aid to the overcoming of shock, milk with it also supplies an excellent help. In the absence of tea, sweetened hot water alone, or with milk, if at hand, are not to be despised. There are First Aiders who, if they have no tea, do not hink of hot water or other things. Why alcohol in any form is kept for use by a actor only is because, while it may act as a temporary stimulant at first, it is f allowed by a depression and so may do harm for shock.

(4) Mental relief is of great importance, and often forgotten in the treatment of shock. Amongst many casualties yon may see a bad fracture with slight shock produced by fear as well as pain. If you turn aside from th€ patient, he will say If Oh, my number is up. He can't do anything for me " and you increase his shock; but if you say If Cheer up, old chap--you'll be alive tomorrow, but there are some cases here who may be dead in half an hour; I must see them first "-then you have prevented shock in a twofold way (1) by removing his fear of death and (2) by miJ?-d as he to to whom you are going and what you will do, which WIll take his mmd off himself and affords very sound" mental relief" treatment of shock. Other forms of mental relief may be thus stated :-

Cheeriness will lessen shOCk-grumpiness will increase it.

Quick and definite action lessen shock-slow it.

Confidence with knowledge will lessen shock-lack, of will mcrease It.

A tactful joke will lessen shock--a serious silence will increase it.

A summary of treatment, therefore, is :-

(1) Rest. f

(2) Warmth. All possible for a trained First Aider to give.

(3) Drinks.

(4) Mental Relief.

HONOURS

The Chief Commissioner of the St. John Ambulance Brigade has been advised that County Surgeon L. F. Wilson, of the East Riding of Yorkshire, has been awarded the M.B.E. for devotion to <;luty during air raids.

This is the first award for good work done in Hull:

Corps Surgeon W. L. M. Bigby, SOllthampton Corps, at present Assistant Medical Officer of Health, Southampton, in charge of Casualty Services, has been awarded the M.B.E. " for services in connection with the rescuing of many people during the different .?n S<:>uthampton." County Commissioner Major A. Tennyson Smlth wrltes : He 15 one of my best and keenest surgeons. -A large number of his casualty services personnel are membe.rs of the Southampton eorp.."

utbe J obn Jjrigabt

HEADQUARTER NOTICES

COMMISSIONERS' CONFERENCE

Commissioners are reminded that a conference will be held at 12, Grosvenor Crescent, London, S.W.I, on Wednesday, January 21, at 2 p.m. Uniform or plain clothes, optional.

UNIFORM RATIONING

R€ference Special Brigade In .accordance with the ' request @f the Board of Trade, the followmg WIll be substItuted for par. 3 commencing rt officers and members in possession of uniform ." on the second page of the above Order:-

· :' Officers and members in possession of uniform on November 1, 1941, are e?gIble for Replacement Grant as shown in Schedule, but nevertheless must surrender the twelve coupons annually if they avail themselves of this conirrespective of whether they require replaceme nts in anyone year. EXIstmg officers and members who desire must take it up in .cun:ent year to August 31, 1942, and WIll not be gIven the opportunity of JOlllmg III subsequent years."

The following questions have been asked and are answered here so that other members may know the official ruling :I deal with more than one supplier ?-Yes. The application for Uniform EqUl,:,alent (UCE/1) should be clearly marked showing goods required from each supplIer. A Coupon Equivalent will be issued for each supplier.

1re ehg1,ble for Coupon Equivalents ?-No. Cadets trans-ferring to Semor DIVISIOns, .however, are eligible as new members for Initial Outfit according to Schedule.

The following items are of general interest :-

Shoes and Stockings are not included in the Schedule.

Belts (Ambulance and Nursing), also Officers' (Nursing) indoor Caps are coupon free.

When applying for Coupon Equivalent for Materials the width must be stated or UCE/1 will be returned.

Date of enrolment must be stated on UCE/I.· CADETS. ATTACHMENT TO ADULT DIVISIONS

Boys and girls of 16 years of age enrolled in Cadet Divisions may be attached as student membe!s to Adult Divisions during the period of the War.

· These cadets WIil.attend the senior first aid course, and girls the senior First AId and Home Nursmg courses, for the certificates of the St. John Ambulance Association.

On attaining 17 years of age, and passing the examination for the senior certificates of the Association, cadets may transfer to the Adult Division as full members as allowed by B.O.693 of 1938.

Similarly, new enrolments of boys and girls of 16 years of age may be attached as Cadets to Adult Divisions. of 15 y.ears of age (who may be regarded as senior cadets) may, at the dIscretIOn of theIr Cadet Superintendent, attend the adult lectures but will not be eligible for examination for the senior certificate until they have attained 16 years of age.

COUNTY PANEL OF EXAMINERS FOR CADET SUBJECTS

In County ther.e should be a Panel of Examiners in the subjects laid Cadet RegulatIOns (para 64), other than Preliminary First Aid and Prelimmary Home Nursing.

Applications for Examiners should be made by Cadet Superintendents to the County who will keep the Panel.

· Re-exaIll1na.tIOns Ill. PrelimiD:ary First Aid and Preliminary Home Nursing will be dealt WIth as laId down m Cadet Regulations (para. 52).

SERVICE TOWARDS WAR SERVICE DIVISIONS

Mflmbers undertaking Hospital Supply Service work under the Central 12

Hospitals Supply Service of the Red Cross and St. John War Organisation, on Ambulance transport duties, may be allowed to count this service towards the number of hours qualifying for the War Service Bar.

GREETINGS

The Chief Commissioner takes this opportunity of sending good wishes to all ranks for the New Year, and thanks all for the loyal and devoted manner in which members have carried ou t their strenuous duties during the past difficult year.

ApPOINTMENT

The Surgeon-in-Chief has been appointed Hon. Medical Adviser to the Royal Life Saving Society.

No. 1 (PRINCE OF WALES'S) DISTRICT

Congratulations to District Officer F. Claridge, who has been gazetted Captain on the General List (Army). Capt. Claridge has been serving as local Welfare Officer in Middlesex with the Territorial Army and Air Force Association of the County of Middlesex.

HORNSEY.-The 32C (Borough of Homsey) Nursing Division, though only enrolled in October, gave a very successful performance of the Nativity play, rt The Three Roses," at the Earl Haig Hall, Crouch End, on December 14, before an enthusiastic audienc€:, which included Div. Surgeon Margaret Trotter, Lady Div. Supt. Miss K. A. Cleasby, Lady Ambulance Officers Miss A. E. Hurrell, Mrs. J. D. Docwra and Miss G. M. Lucken, Sister Sofe (representing the Matron of Homsey Central Hospital , who is President of the Nursing Division), Corps Supt. A. E. Wells, Supt . H. Wedd (109 (British Legion) Division), and others. District Supt. Miss A. M. Walker was unable to attend.

The first part of the programme included carols sung by a choir of A1nbulance Sisters, Cadets and friends. The play performed by the Cadets, and produced by Cadet Officer Miss Kathleen Birkett, was very charmingly done. The object of the entertainment was to obtain, by means of a silver collection, funds for the purchase of Christmas pr esents for the patients in Homsey General Hospital and the Joint War Organisation Sick Bay, Homsey; £5 lOs was thus collecte d.

The performance was rep ea ted at the Hospital and Sick Bay at Christmas time, when the Cadets distributed their presents.

Members of No. 1 District will welcome the news that H.M. the King has sanctioned the appointment of Officer (Sister) to the Order of St. John of Mrs. Elizabeth Goodley, wife of Capt. W. Goodley, O.B.E., M.C., Commissioner of the District.

No.2 DISTRICT

GLOUCESTER.-The annual inspection of the Gloucester Rotol Division was held on December 14, the insp e cting officer being County Commissioner Dr. Barrett-Cardew , accompanied by Corps Supt. L. M. Starr, Div . Surgeon H. G. Dowler, Mr. R. Stammers (general manager) and Mr. Luby (works manager).

Div. Supt. V. Dent was in command of the parade, which numbered 38; Mr. Stammers expressed his pleasure at such a smart tum out and to know that the men were ready to meet any emergency if the necessity arose.

After inspecting the ranks and witnessing first aid demonstrations the inspecting officer said he was much impressed with the smartness, efficiency and keenness of the men. It was a creditable performance for such a new division and he was pleased that they were now equipped with uniform. Giving encouragement to the parade Dr. Cardew stated that new duties were being covered to-day, perhaps not quite in the orthodox" black-book" manner, but it was only by continual training and practice that all difficulties would be overcome and help given to those in distress.

At the conclusion the parade marched past, the salute being taken by the County Commissioner.

SHANKLIN .-Shanklin Town Hall Theatre was filled to capacity, and many would-be patrons were turned away, when a highly successful variety entertainment was presented in aid of the Shanklin Divi.sional Funds. Acts by professional and amateur talent was enthusiastically received by the large audience. The show was efficiently produced by Mrs. W. Gardner, of Apse 13

fIeath, and was compered by Assistant County Commissioner Dr. F. R. B. H. Kennedy, who during the interval presented numerous awards, including President's Badge to Mr. W. P. Self, Vice-President's Badge to Mrs. H. L. Simpson, Audttors' Warrant to Mr. H. Nelson Payne, Divisional Surgeon's Warrant to Dr. T. W. Melhuish, Divisional Superintendent's Warrant to Mr Harold Baker, Secretary's Warrant to Amb. Officer A. Maybury, Treasurer's Warrant to Mr. R. Fry, and Storekeeper's Warrant to Mr. R . Hesk.

Dr. Kennedy performed a pleasing duty in the presentation 9f an ebony inkstand, pen, and perpetual calendar to Mr. Maybury as a token of esteem 6f the Shanklin Division. Mr. Maybury has done excellent work for the Brigade in East Wight. When stationed at Ryde he had set the Brigad e on its feet there and at Shanklin had organised a division in the face of considerable initial difficulties.

No.3 (WESTERN) DISTRICT

MALVERN.-By kind permission of the Headmistress, Miss Brooks , a bazaar and entertainment was held ' in the York Hall, Malvern Girls' College, on December 4, in aid of the Malvern Nursing and Cadet N-Qrsing Divlsio n s.

The event was opened by Lady County Supt. Mrs. Lechmere, w ho was introduced by the cliairman, Miss Brooks, and accompan y ing her was Mrs. F. K. R. Davis (President, Nursing Division), Mrs. Dyson Perrins .(President, Cadet Division), County Commissioner Dr. F. L. Newton, and Lady Div . Supt . Miss D. W · . Jones.

Mrs. Lechmere expressed her p'leasure at the number of people present. The Brigade had expanded enormously during the past year, having an increase of. 12,000 in personnel; commitments were also heavier. The Mal v.ern Division, including the GuarIford ' Section and A.R.P. Reserves, now number ed 120, excludfug 30 Cadets.

Dr. Newton thanked Mrs. Lechmere for opening the bazaar and recalled many services that the Lechmere family had rendered to the Brigade. He also expressed thanks to Miss Brooks for her generosity in lending the York Hall.

The function was a great success and realised £274, includin g £56 12s. 9d raised by the Cadet stall under Cadet Supt. Miss Fellows, and £15 7s. 3d. raised by the Guarlford stall organised by Mrs. Newton, Officer-in-Charge of Guarlford Section.

No.4 (LANCASHIRE) DISTRICT

SouTHPoRT.-The Southport Corps has completed a memorable year. Thanks to donations, etc., the remaining £500 debt on the Headquar:ters has b ee n cleared off and Medical Comforts Depot has been started.

Ambulances attached to the Corps have removed over 1,030 cases, involving a mileage of 12,000. The Householders' Ambulance Scheme is in operation and ewer 1,400 persons have taken advantage of it.

Membership has increased from 80 men and 50 nurses to 123 men and 90 nurses;- in addition there are 230 auxiliaries. Fifty men are in H.M. Forces, many being overseas, and ,a Comforts Fun,d enables gifts t.o be sent out regularly to them.

Over 60 members are full-time Civil IDefence workers, and the Corps has trained over 1,000 in first aid and home nursing.

Cases treated on public duties number 686, which involved 1,423 hours. In addition splendid work has been done at F.A. Posts, for which complimentary reports have been received.

Members aTe co-operating with , the British Red Cross Society for the collection, etc., for the Joint Relief Fund and Fund.

WARRINGTON.-COrpS Supt. W. E. Searl gave an interesting and helpful lecture to members of the Warrington Corps, under the chairmanship of Corps Supt. Warren. His introduction was a description of the attributes of a first aider, based on the Eigbt-'l?ointed Cross, followed by a general description of the 'organisation and training of the personnel of the Casualty Service, with special refere:r;tce to the need for training the meri of First Aid Parties in the extraneous duties that they may ' be called upon to perform.

14

He illustrated the points he made by stories of resourcefulness shown by members of the Brigade during a blitz on a p.orth-western town and spoke of the difficulties experienced while working in u?de: dan-gerous conditions; the imperative need for expliCItness ill illstructions ; the value of perseverance under all circumstances; and the exerCIse of sympathy with the injured relatives who had lost their loved ones, and homeless.

No. 6 DISTRICT

SCARBOROUGH.-A large gathering of past and present members of the Scarborough Nursi.ng Division ,attended a recent meeting whe?, on Div. Surgeon Debenham presen.ted Lady County Officer MISS a " Kozena " eid erdo w n in gold pompadour cloque and a bedroom chaIr to match.

Dr. Dehenham reminded the assembly that after only four years' experience as a memb er of the Hull Division she was appointed Superintendent of the Beverley Nursing Division. During the Great War she was in of a V.A D Hospital in that city, and on her removal to Scarborough m. 1917 W,:3 placed'in ch a rge of the Nursing Division there. When peace. came Miss Jacklin overcame the difficult task of maintaining interest and effiCIency by means of practice s and competitions . . ' . .

In Jun e , 1938, h er long and de v ote d services were recognIsed by her as a Serving Sist er of th e Ord er, whilst in June, she was .awarded the third bar to h er S ervi c e Me dal, after 31 years of seTVlce. Then ill July, 1941, the Chief Commiss ion er appro v ed her appointment as a Lady

In conclusion, Dr. D eb en h a m said: "So even though MISS Jacklin IS now a member of the County .Staff , we are not really losing her, for with the other twelve Divisions in' the North Ridi n g, we shall still be ( superinte nded' by her."

Miss Jacklin thanked th e Divi sional Surgeon and the past and present members for their gifts.

No 8 (DUKE OF CONNAUGHT'S)

DE AL.-Since the outbreak of the war the Deal Nursmg DIVISIOn has played an imp ort a nt role in the Ci v il Defence organisation the town.

U nd er the capable le a d e rship of Lady Supt MISS D y er the nurses as si gn e d j o bs on the First Aid Mobile Depots. They have undertaken extenSIve ·training and pr a ctically eve ry member is also a member. of C.N.R A fe.w nurs es pr eferr ed to b e mobile and are doing good work ill vanous hospItals ill th e country.

H elp has b ee n gi ve n by nurses in the Hospital, School ClImcs and Infirmary ; in return they hav e gained valuable yxperi ence

During last summ er the County President, Yiolet accompamed by the Divisional Presid e nt, Lady Woolaston, paId an illformal VISIt and spent a happ y hour with the offic ers and nurs es.

The annual inspection of the Division and Reservists took place on October 19 by the County President and Lady County Controller Mrs. Falw,:sser. Lady Violet made a moving speech and thanke d the nurses for the Sple??Id, work they were doing for their country. Mrs. Falwasser endorsed Lady VIOlet s remarks .

Several new members have been enrolled recently which brings the strength of the Division up to 56: a happy augury for the future.

Obituary

The Chief Commissioner of the St, John Ambulance Brigade regrets to announce the death of County Commissioner L. W. Dryland, D.L., M.R .C.S.; L.R.C.P., D,P.H" who passed away on December 28, 1941. . . . .

Dr. Dryland was· appointed Divisional Surgeon to the Kettenng Nursillg Headquarter Division in 1920; Corps Surgeon in 1927; and County (:pmmissioner for Northamptonshire and Huntingdon on March 3, 1932

His work in the :fi,rst aid world, however, commenced many years before he became attached to the Brigade . In 1911 he was admitted to the qrder as Honorary Associate, being .promoted to Officer in 1926 and Co:nmandet ill 1929. Further promotion came: during 1938 when he was a Kmght of . 15

for

Headquarters: Priory House, 4, Cathedral Road, Cardiff

GENERAL INTEREST

Tme Viscount Tredegar, in his capacity of Almoner of the Priory for Wales, Order of St. John, presided at a meeting of the Almonry Committee held at Priory House on Monday, December 15, to exercise responsibility for the supervision of the Medical Comforts Depots, of which there are 96 operating in 'Vales :

The primary object of the Scheme developed by the Priory is the availability of sick-room requisites in the home to all inhabitants within the areas served, of circumstances. No sick person nursed at home, invalid convalescing after illness or operation, cripple needing crutches or means of mechanical transport, should lack suitable provision; and expense need be no deterrent to the patient, as the articles are at his or her disposal either.free of charge or for a nominal hire fee.

Acceptance of aid from the South and Monmouthshire Council of Social Service in 1938 imposed an obligation on the part of the Priory to ensure the discharge of duties undertaken by Committees without impairment of the initial impetus, lowering of the standard of equipment by wastage of sto ck or failure to build up a financial reserve against the purchase of replac e ments; and the Principal Secretary and Commissioner for Wales (the Hon John H. Bruce, J.p., D.L.) called upon the various representatives .appointed by the Almonry C0mmi.ttee to submit their reports on the Depots, from which collectively 11,350 articles are issued per annum.

Lord Tredegar thanked the representatives for devoting their time to this work notwithstanding wartime demands upon their services. Sir Robert Webber, Assistant Almoner, endorsed these remarks, expressmg the thanks of the meeting to Lord Tredegar for presiding and to the Viscountess Tredegar for her personal interest and helpful observations on the Depots in Monniouthshire.

CENTRE REPORTS

CAERNARVONSHIRE CENTRE

The Caernarvon Division met recently at the Institute Buildings, where they were inspected by Assistant Commissioner T. J. Pritchard (Chief Constable), who was accompanied by County Officer Edward Williams. Subsequently Councillor H. R. Phillips (Deputy Mayor and Vice-President of the Division) presided over a meeting ' at which Dr. Gwyn Griffith was presented with the warrant of appointment as Divisional Surgeon by the Assistant Commissioner, who spoke of the fine qualities of the Doctor and impressed upon th e members their good future in securing a surgeon of such outstanding capabilities.

Divisional Supt. W. Williams, in his report upon the Divisional activities, stated that 18 of the members were serving with H.M. Forces. The meeting was addressed by the Centre Secretary, Corps Officer W. T Da v ies, and A R.P. Corps Officer W. Pritchard, and First Aid Certificates and Labels were distributed by the Chairman.

GLAMQRGAN CENTRE

Flag Day organisers are to be congratulated on the wholehearted manner in which they co-operated in conjunction with representatives of the British Red ' Gmss Society in the organisation of the Street Collections on behalf of H:R.H. the Duke of Gloucester's Aid to Russia Fund. The Glamorgan Joint Committee of the Red Cross and St. John vVar Organisation decided to organise an, appep,l on December 13, and despite the short notice there was no lack of service. The amount is not yet kn<?Wll, but tbere is every lP.eheatwn that. the county of Glamorgan responded 111 a manner worthy of the ·cause. .

Skewen Nwrsing Divisional Supt. Mrs. Russell and the members 6f her Division are to be congratulated on their fine contribution to 16'

the war effort. In addition to the routine Brigade duties, and duties rendered by 13 members at the First Aid Post, the Unit was anxious to initiate some scheme to utilise additional offers of service made to them from time to time. To give effect to this, arrangements were made for Mrs. Russell to meet the Glamorgan County Organiser, Central Hospital Supply Service, a Department of the War Organisation, with the result that a Skewen sub-depot was formed and a considerable quantity of hospital clothing is being' made continuously by a large and energetic band of workers in Skewen. The Division has undertaken to send next-of-kin parcels to 12 prisoners of war, and has sent large quantities of clothing to the C H S S for the benefit of those prisoners who have no relatives or friends to send th em quarterly parcels. In this work for the prisoners of war, the following groups are co-operating : St. John's Church Mothers' Union, All Saints' Church Ladies' Knitting Guild , Hermon Sisterhood, Tabernacle Congregational Knitting Cla ss , Methodist Knitting Guild and the English Wesley Sisterhood. A contribution has been made from 'this sub-depot of the C.H.S S. to the Red Cross and St. John Aid to Russia Fund.

CITY OF CARDIFF CENTR E

Wo men ' s Ju ni or A i r Co rp s offer of First Aid Instruction recently made by the Ely and Fairwater Nursing Divis ion of the Brig ade w as gratefull y accepted b y the Women s Junior Air Corp s; and Lady Divisi onal Supt. Mrs. A . M . R e es and members of her Division are now givin g w e ekly lectures to four units, comprising 440 members, whi ch m e et at diff erent pla ces on v arious evenings There is e very reason to beli ev e that this introdu c t ion to Ambulance work will be f ollo w ed b y a desire on th e p art of those rec e iv ing the instruction for admission to th e Brig ade; and the Ely and Fairwater Nursing Division shows a commendable. readiness to use to the best ad v antage every opportunity for increasing the sc ope and usefulness of the Brigade.

NEWS IN BRIEF

During th e mo n th of Octo b er Pri ory a m bulan c es a t the 21 car stati ons in Wales ca rrie d o ut 1,829 r em ovals, in vo l v i ng a total m il eage of 29,645.

DOWLAIS CARDIFF WORKS DIVISION

This progressive Unit gives a typi cal example of the value of Brig ade organisation in mdustry. The staffing of. the Room, which is regarded as a model of effici e n cy. and aID:bulance dutIes at this Important works is undertak en by Bri gade members. The IS well supported and encourage d by the officials of the firm of Guest Keen BaldWlns, has a strong Cadet section and a Nursing Unit is now in co urse of formation.

In the r?w, reading. from left to right are :-Corps Sup erint en d ent J. MacDonald (ex Mr. J. S. Hollings (Works Manager); D r. M. MacKenZIe-Evans (DIvIslonal Surgeon, dau ghter of the Commis sion er for Cardi ff , Leader Edgar Llewellyn, M B ); Captain F. P. Robathan , M.C. (Assistant Co.m.mIssIOner); E.dgar Llewellyn (Vice-President, Cardiff Centr e); Mr. D. R. P. WillIams (Managmg DIrector); Corps Inspectot: of Stores, C . Noakes; Divisi ona l Superintendent E. ]. Bowley and Ambulance Officer F. Strongman 17

MAKING USE OF THE SENSES

I'N TEACHING

By Captain A. C. YVhite Knox, M.C., M.B., Ch.B.

Member afthe Textbook Revision Committee and Assistant Commissioner, S.].A.B.

It is a great asset in teaching first aid to play on as many of the senses as possible.

Listening is, of course, essential, but in itself is rarely sufficient for the complete absorption of the material be learnt". , _ Seeing is a tremendous help in absorbing knowledge , and in holding the attention of an audience.

Smelling and Tasting are also of use in a minor way.

It is Seeing that I would ,"Iish to impress on teachers as the great asset in teaching, and \"lith so many new teachers among us I believe that a few suggestions along these lines may be valuable.

There are many things which must be carefully demonstrated and I think it is wise always to intersperse demonstration \"lith talking. It breaks the monotony and draws back the attention of the wandering mind.

Many lecturers leave all demonstrations to the second half. of the lecture to be given by a demonstrator. I do not think this is a good plan. An hour's talking is apt to hecome wearisome unless you are a very interesting lecturer. Demonstrate once in a while to .relieve the monotonv. .

This is not difficult, but there are many' points in first aid teaching which cannot be demonstrated, and the best way of illustrating them is by the use of blackboard and chalks

. First you must have good chalks. The London County Council box of chalks contains seven different colours: red, blue, violet, yellow, light green, dark green, and brown. White is, of course, essential.

Get accustomed to using different colours to represent different parts of the body. There is no standard choice but it is usual to use red for muscles, arteries and arterial blood; blue for veins and venous blood; violet for capillary blood; yellow for nerves; the greens and the brown for other organs of the body; white for outline and bones.

In this way you will get your students accustomed to the colours, representing certain things, and even if you are not a very good artist, they will understand which part is meant.

It should be clearly understood that drawings need not be perfect in outline, Ilor need they always slavishly follow the natural contour of the object. Diagrammatic drawing may express the idea much more clearly, but in such cases make it quite plain to your students that you are using the diagrammatic method and that this only expresses the idea and not the actual object.

Practise freehand sketching on a blackboard; a few lines can give a very vivid impression and the colours make it even more vivid. It is more interesting to draw while you are talking; the students follow better in this way.

I know there are many lecturers who do not feel confident to draw in this way but, beginning in a small manner, you will be surprised what masterpieces you will ultimately produce.

It is \"lith this idea that I have chosen the following simple sketches. They may not suit your choice, but they \"Iill give you a basis on which to work and you can build up your own techniqlJe from this simple beginning. The chosen items are in sequence with our Textbook syllabus to make them easier to follow,

NURSING in wartime, even more than under normal conditions, emphasises the need for a perfect form of concen trated nourishment.

The majority of patients on admittance to hospital are acutely ill and have undergone a period of high nervous tension. Experience has shown that administration of an easily digested and readily acceptable form of nourishment is followed by definite improvement in the patient's condition.

For this purpose, both as an emergency and as a regular routine, there is nothing which rivals ' Ovaltine.'

The nutritive and energising constituents of 'Ovaltine' are rapidly assimilated, relieving "hunger feeling" ,and, at the same time, allaying nervous tension in a most helpful manner.

, Ovaltine ' possesses many advantages. It is a food concentrate containing the vitamins A, B complex and D, and important mineral elements. Moreover,' Ovaltine ' possesses special properties which make milk more digestible, and thus easily assimilated even in the most serious cases.

Now, as in 1914-1918, 'Ovaltine' is widely used in the wartime hospital service, both in England and overseas. Supplies are available to hospitals in special packings and at special prices. .

and, of course, .have had to be reproduced .

hard bone on the surface, . nJ without colour

iOft bone mSlde the ends, and the faot - ' 1 that long bones are mostly hollow.

Write for details to> A. Wander, Ltd., 184, Queen's Gate, Loncron, S. W.7

Figs. 2 and 3.-Vertebrce, transverse and spinous processes, and the hole to accommodate the spinal cord.

Fig. 4.-Diagrammatic joint, cartilage on the ends of the bon<;s, ligaments loosely binding the bones together, capsule lined with synovial membrane, producing synovial fluid to oil the joint.

Fig. 5.-Action of muscle in moving bones and joints origm, body of muscle, insertiori, always across joints.

Fig. 6.-Metabolism, cells with envelope, protoplasm, nucleus, lymph, oxygen, and carbonic acid gas lying between the cells.

Fig. 7.-Fracture, transverse.

Fig. S.-More common oblique fracture, tonic action of the muscle pulling on broken ends and causing overlapping and shortening.

Fig. 9.-Compound fracture caused from within outwards.

Fig. 1O.-Complicated fracture, rib penetrating hmg.

Fig. l1.-Gomplicated fracture, skull bone pressing on brain. (To be continued).

20

llrbe JJ obn mbulanct

Several Divisions of the Brigade Overseas have been kind enough to send to this country parcels of clothing for distribution to " bombed-out}} people, and these have been very much appreciated. As, however, a certain amount of difficulty has been experienced in clearing these through the Customs when they are addressed to the Chief Commissioner of the Brigade Overseas by name, he would be glad if in future parcels of this nature were addressed to THE STORES DEPARTMENT, JOINT WAR ORGANISATION, BRITISH RED CROSS SOCIETY AND ORDER OF ST. JOHN, 9, GROSVENOR CRESCENT, LONDON, S.W.I. FOR THE ATTENTION OF MR. F. H. S. ROUSE. Bills of Lading, etc., should also be sent to the same address.

This procedure, if adopted, will simplify matters considerably in this country, and facilitate early distribution of the clothing.

Killed in Action

The Chief Commissioner regrets to announce that: Douglas Hawkes, N.Z.R.A.F. (Pte., Whangarei Y.M.C.A. Ambulance Division, New Zealand, St. John Ambulance Brigade Overseas), has been killed in action.

Obituary

The Chief Commissioner regrets to announce the death of Dr. A. R. McLeod, at Sydney, on September 21, 194I.

Dr. McLeod, who was a Commander of the Order and holder of the Service Medal, was at one time District Surgeon of the New South Wales District, and rendered faithful service for over twenty years.

The Chief Commissioner regrets to announce the death of Colonel E. G. Kennedy, K.H.S., I.M.S., who was appointed Assistant Commissioner of No. 15 (Bangalore Civil and Military Station) District of the St. John Ambulance Brigade Overseas within the Empire of India in November, 1940. Colonel Kennedy had associated himself so enthusiastically with the work and had done so much in such a short time for the Brigade in Bangalore that his death will mean a great loss to the Brigade and leaves a gap that will be difficult to fill.

FE B R! LE CONDITIONS

Frontaf /""dac/"s, orbital pain and pains in the shol/lclers and back usher ' in an allack of influenza. TI" checking of r/ltse symptoms calls for prompt and suitabl. mtasur<s. Pyrexia may be mild at first, but may rise rapidly If treatment be delayed, with c onsequent prostratIon and risk of co/np/icat;ons.

The' Anadin' formula prouid<s i" sllch cases a safe and speedy medication

Pain is relicl1eJ aud antipyretic action indu ccd without productiotJ 0/ diaphoresis. 'Alladi1J. exerts its effect by n conlbination 0/ a spirin, plunact:tin, nod quinine and will nut anIse the d t: pression (llId

UpSd which au so often fOllnd foll.cwillg the Ust of ullcombinrd aspirin

A N A D N TABLETS

ANADIN LIMITED 12 CHENIES STREET. LONDON.W.e 1

Our Divisions in the New Theatre of War

By THE HON. MRS. COPLAND-GRIFFITHS, Lady Superintendent-in-Chiej Overseas

The outbreak of war against Japan following the treacherous invasion by that country of British Possessions in the Far East found many units of the Brigade Overseas active and prepared to play their full part in Civil Defence. A short summary of the latest news from these districts will therefore be of in terest to all readers.

HONG KONG

Here our 20 Ambulance Divisions and 15 Nursing Divisions are well prepared, for it is not the first time that most of the members have served under war conditions. There is no other ambulance organisation in Hong Kong or Kowloon, and the Association and Brigade Overseas have for a number of years not only performed all regular public duties, but have s"taffed and run a hospital, numerous peace-time First Aid Posts, and public vaccination stations all over the Island and . Mainland.

In p'reparation for this war practically all male and female personnel has taken A.R.P . certificates, and a large number have qualified as instructors to train the rest of the population. First Aid Posts were ready , and ambulances manned.

MALAYA

In 1936 there was no Ambulance service whatsoever in Malaya; now we have over 40 Ambulance Divisions and 25 Nursing Divisions in Singapore and all the other important centres. Not only is the Brigade Overseas the sole ambulance serviae, but the Government of the Straits Settlements and of the Federated Malay States has honoured its members by incorp orating them into the Malayan Medical Services. The Association was responsible for training all Government Departments in A.R.P.,· and it may now be revealed that our instructors were called in as advisers in Civil D efence to the Government of the Dutch West Indies in 1938 '; so highly organised was our training even in those early 'days of Brigade work in Malaya.

In June, 1940, a Nursing Division was formed whose members under a distinguished Chinese medical man run the Blood Transfusion Service for the whc:le of Singapore.

BURMA /

Here also our members are fuDy prepared : We have over 30 Ambulance Divisions and 32 Nursing Divisions, all, with the exception of one, founded since 1937. First Aid Posts are manned exclusively by our members, as once again we are the only existing ambulance service. A number of ambulances have been purchased by subscription, and Ambulance Sisters are working in all hospitals. 208,000 bandages were 'made in two months for the Army, as well as large quantities of surgeon's gowns, and other hospital supplies. An Emergency Hospital is ready in Rangoon. A number of are ready to as telephone operators, canteen workers, etc. All reports go to show general and we are proud to feel that we have Divisions in Rangoon and practically all the other important towns of Burma who are ready and able to give full assistance to the Military and Civil Authorities.

I have purposely omitted all personal names and references in this brief despatch. The highest credit is due to all concerned in the building up of such magnificent ambulance service in three :rastly different districts of the Brigade Overseas. Eor these are three countnes where we find the members of sometimes as many as ten different races 'working side by side; here, in the spirit of St. John service, all differences of race, creed and caste are forgotten in the higher aims of duty to the sick and suffering. These men and t1;lese women aFe worthy successors to the defenders of Acre, of Rhodes and of Malta; and what higher tribute can one give? 22

In the treatment of

WOUNDS, BURNS &

ULCERS by irrigation

WHY

SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE?

Because as defined in the Lister Memorial Lecture, , 1939, the best antiseptics are not those which in vitro have the greatest germicidal power, but those th at have a p owerfuJ proteolytic action." It is this capaci.ty bysolv ent action to remove dead or dymg organic matter, aptly lik ened in the above lecture to that of a chemical bistoury," which cleans es the lesion of debris and inflammatory products and prepares the way for healing. In this r espect the effic i ency of the hypochlorites is well recognised. By their powers of penetration they retain their rapidit y of action and easy access to microorgrmisms in the presence of body fluids and exudates, without material loss of germicidal efficiency, and so help to provide in the wound cirea the best conditions for control of infection without hindrance to the process of healing.

WHY ELECTROLYTIC SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE?

Because, as Carrel and Dehelly first noted (The Treatment of Infected Wounds, ]918, p. 24), hypochlorite solutions prepared by the el ect r ol yt ic method are less irritating to li ving tissues than the chemically prepared Dakin's solution. As produced by the Millon process, they have ·in further contrast the great advantage of stability, retaining even after long storage their full strength and germicidal power, whereas these are progressively lost by most forms of the chemically prepared agent. The Pease Laboratories in a fuJI investigation found the e lectrolytic hypochlorite Milton to have a distinctly different behaviour" and to be of unusual value" compared with other forms of hypochlorite examined. lVIasterman's tests (Analyst, J.\tly, 1939) suggest that this may possibly be connected w i th the presence of ozone in the former product.

WHY MILTON?

Because Milton is the only generaUy available preparation of electrolytic sodium hypochlorite of known standard strength (I % sodium hypochlorite, 10·8 grammes

per litre of available chlorine," i.e., 0'955% by we ight) the composition of which remains unchanged under all reas onab le conditions for an indefinite period. In the irrig ation treatment of wounds, burns or ulcers, the advantages of using such a standardised and stable product are clear when the irritant, destructive action upon young groviing tissue is considered of chemically prepared hypochlorite solutions of high or unknovin strength. This drawback results largely from their containing free caustic soda, toe production of which does not place in the preparation of Milton, no bleaching powder being used in the process; it has therefore only a mild degree of alkalin it y (PH 10·7). The pH of a 10% solution of Dakin's solution is 10 '64, and the pH of a 5% Nhlton solution (of equival ent strength) is 8,89. '

In 5% solution Milton is isotonic with regard to S odium Chloride and at this dilution its anti-bacterial power remains high. It thus combines the properties of a saline solution with those of an effective germicide, It has been shown that a 1 % solution actually encourages cell growth.

In the early stages of irrigation therapy, however, where thorough cleansing is desired, a hypertonic solution will often be the one of choice, so thai free exudation of lymph may be promoted from the wound surface by osmosis. Milton in -strengths up to 10% or in some cases 20% provides such a hypertonic saline solution, which still remains non-irritating and may safel y be used without fear of tissue-cell damage.

After. their germicidal and proteolytic functlOns have been effected, the active principles of Milton are reduced to a simple, harmless residue of salt and water, equally nor;t-irritant. M£lton may thus fairly be claimed to be a safe and effective germicide with the discriminating quality of removing the dead but preserving the living tbsu es for healing and repair.

A copy -of the Pease Laborai.on:es Report will be forwarded to anyone interested by the Professional Depart'fnent of Milton Proprietary Lim ited, Joh n Milton Ho'U.se, London, N.7.

QI::bt 31 obn

Labels and Pendants (Ref. R.C/E.

1942)

1. The St. John Ambulance Association has found it necessary to discontinue, probably until after the war, the issue of Labels and Pendants for re-examinations in First Atd and Home Nursing, respectively, held on and after January I, 1942 . The issue of Medallions will, for the time being at least, continue. The issue of Labels and Pendants for re -examinations held in 1941 or earlier will also continue.

2. Vlhile the issue of Labels and Pendants is in abeyance, successes in First Aid and /o r Home Nursing on the part of Medallion holders at re-examinations held 'on or after January I, 1942, will, on application (see para. 4 below) be denoted by "endorsements" on special" Record Cards" which have been introduced for the purpose.

3 The" Record Card" will be issued free, ' but there will be a charge of 3d for each" endorsement."

4. Forms of application for" endorsements" (Ref. L / A/E in the case of First Aid and Ref. P /A/E in the case of Home Nursing) v.rill be issued to Class Secretaries after every re-examination held on or after January I, 1942, at which Medallion holders are successful. If the forms are comp leted in accordance with the instructions which are printed on them, Medallion holders who are not in possession of " Record Cards" vIill receive Cards duly endorsed.

5 It should be noted that

(a) "Endorsements" relating to re-examinations in 1941 or earlier will not be made

(b) On the assumption that the majority of those who qualify for Medallions vIill subsequently pass additional re-examinations, those who purchase Medallions in future vIill receive " Record Cards."

(c) Cards" vIill not be issued to persons who are already in possession of Medallions until application, is made on their behalf for an " endorsement" (see 4 above).

(d) In all probability this innovation of " Record Cards" and "endorsements" will be discontinued after the war, if not before, and the issue of Labels and Pendants vIill be resumed. In this eventuality holders of " Record Cards" with" endorsements" thereon wi ll be able to purchase Labels and/or Pendants for the years indi cated by the" endorsements." For this reason and because of the shortage of paper" Record Cards" should be carefully preserved .

(e) "Record Cards" which are lost may, if the shortage of paper allows, be replaced for a fee of 2s., provided the owner's Medallion number is quoted.

The Infirmary of Rhodes

The following extracts from the Statutes of Jacques de Milly, 1454-1461 , are of interest, especially at the present time :-

Of the Infi1'mary. To prevent the ill qualities of m ed icines doing any mischief to the sick, we order that the Apothecary's room shall be visited by the Hospitaller and Controllers in the presence of the physicians as often as they shall judge proper; and the physicians shall, in their presence, examine the drugs very carefully and exactly, and see whether the shop is well furnished with theIn, and whether any drugs be wanting that are proper or necessary for the sick, that they may not want relief by the Apothecary's fault.

The Director of the Infirmary shall take care to give the sick none but the best and most delicate sorts of foods-.-as pullets and chick€ns, good bread and good wine, to supply them 'with good nourishment.

To restrain the insolence and immodest behaviour of some, we order the sick (as well as brothers as seculars) to carry themselves with great civility and modesty in the Infirmary such likewise as begin to be better shall make no ncise, nor play at cards, dice or chess: they shall not read histories nor chronicles aloud, though they may read to themselves and without making noise.

24 '

EQUIP YOURSELF FOR WAR EMERGENCIES

Essential knowledge to treat successfully ALL possible Injuries

A few of the subjects treated at length :-

WAR EMERGENCIES: PEACE-TIME

Air Raid Precautions Influenza, etc., Measles, Mumps

Gas Warfare (Special Chart) Catarrh

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First Aid

Bandages

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Scalds

Fainting

HUNDREDS OF TESTIMONIALS

Corns and Warts

What to do in Emergencies

Skin Diseases

Hygiene, Anatomy, Pharmacy

Homrepathy, Neurasthenia

The Principles of Nursing

Child Welfare

375 Prescriptions, etc., etc.

ACCIDENTS-What to do in all cases . HOW TO DIAGNOSE

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INTERESTING CASE REPORTS

CASE REPORT No. 194.-The Officer-in-Charge of No. 1 (Prince of Wales's) District reports the efficient performance of first aid by a member of the No. 128 (Wandsworth Gas Co.) Division in the following circumstances ;-

On October 18 Private A E. Tiffen was near the River Thames when someone directed his attention to a man who was being taken to shelter in an hotel nearby. He at once to the spot and found unconscious and not breathing a man who had just been pulled out of the water. Without hesitating a moment he commenced artificial respiration and had restored the patient to full consciousness by the time the ambulance arrived to take him to hospital. \iVhile performing artificial respiration Private Tiffen gave instructions to bystanders to send for the ambulance, to blankets, and to apply friction to patient's limbs; and finally he removed all wet clothing from the patient and wrapped him in warm blankets.

On tfie night of December 24, 1940, Private Tiffen jumped into the river and rescued a man from drowning , though on this occasion the patient did not lose consciousness.

COMMENT.-No operation tries the patience and perseve rance more tha11r does artificial especially when, as often happens, the response to treatment is slow. In these circumstances Pri vate A. E. Tiffen merits cordial congratulations on the success which on this occasion attended his efforts and which resulted in restoring a patient to lije.-N. C. F.

CASE REPORT No. 195.-The Officer-in-Charge of the County of Bucks S.J.A.B. reports the efficient performance of first aid by two recently joined members of the Buckingham Division in the following circumstances ;-

On October 29 a workman was passing a stove on which was a sealed tin of milk, when it exploded in his face. Privates Rackham and Lucas at once treated for shock, applied a face mask soaked in bicarbonate of soda solution and rang up the doctor to notify him that they were bringing the patient by car to her house.

By their prompt and efficient action these members protected the patient from aggravation of shock, while they saved the patient's face from seve re blistering and the doctor from a journey of 12 miles, a matter for consideration in these days of petrol shortage, for which they were warmly thanked.

COMMENT.-Words oj praise and oj thanks jrom the doctor whO' takes charge of their patients, are always acceptable to first aiders. It only remains, therefore, to tender cordial congratulations to Privates Rackham and Lucas on the successful way in which in this instance they put into practice their qualifications as first aiders ,N.C.F.

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

Two IRRESPIRABLE GASES

T. D. (Barnoldswick).- I am employed in the fire brigade , of an aircraft factor:y and have had several cases of fainting from inhaling fumes from a degreaser ,containing trichlorethylene, and I would very much appreciate it if you could inform me as to what it constitutes and the treatment. Also, we have a number of extinguishers containing carbon which, when used on hot, damp metals or electrons, gives off injurious gases. Could you also please inform me as to what gas this is and treatment? Thanking you for your very interesting and edifying replies to queries each month in THE GAZETTE.

Trichlorethylene is a liquid which boils at 80 degrees C. and is used fO'1' extracting oil seeds and bones.

Carbon Tetrachloride is a thin poisonous fluid of pungent aromatic odour which boils at 77 degrees C" It is largely used as a solvent for fats, in fire extinguishers, 26

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and in making cleaning compounds. I t is dangerous to use carbon tetrachlorid, fire-extinguishers in confined spaces where users cannot avoid breathing the poisonous fumes which are produced by its decomposition.

From the first-aid point of view both liquids i1'1'espirable gases and call for treatment as laid down on p. 158 of the 'Textbook. It should be noted, however, that when carbon tetrachloride is applied to hot metals such as a burning incendiary bomb phosgene gas is generated. I n cases the injt£1ly to the lungs is such that artificial respiration must not be applied, the victim bei ng 1 emoved to hospital without a moment's delay.-N.

C. F.

QUESTIONS IN EXAMINATIONS

A. C. (Broseley).-A member of our Examining Staff has recently queried the value ' of the viva voce portion of our examination for certificates and other awards. He says that there are certain types of c?-ndidates who are good at practical work but seem quite incapable of reading the Textbook or of learning from lectures. So he suggested that the first certificate should be granted on practical work only. He added that so many people nowadays cannot find time apparently to learn about the circulation of the blood, the varieties of insensibility, shock and its causes, whereas they are able to follow and imitate the efforts of the demonstrator in the application of bandages, in control of pressure points, in splinting and in the performance of artificial respiration. I shall be pleased to know your views on the point.

While I agree with the well-established view that no practical examination can be efficiently conducted without questions, I am firmly of the opinion that the viva voce portion of the Association examination for certificates is definitely of value in assessing the qualifications of candidates to practise the science and art of first aid. Indeed, this is the first time in my exp eri ence that it has been called into question !

From what I have heard, however, I gather that some surgeon-examiners fail to realise that in many instances the wording of the questions on the examination she et is terse and technical and that this requires to be translated into simple language suitable to the education of candidates. In view oj your cor11espondent's criticism I wonder if a suggestion to this effect might be incorporated with advantage in the Instructions to Surgeon-Examiners?-N. C. F. -

TRANSPORT OF FRACTURED SPINE

T. A. (Penrith) .-As a member of a team which is practising for a competition I would like to have your ruling on the following points :-

A conscious patient has been examined and found to have sustained a fracture of the spine in the lumbar region. Before he could be removed, however, he lapsed into unconsciousness. How should such a patient be removed-in the prone or supine position? -

To my mind para A on p. 73 of the Textbook makes it perfectly clear that the patient, being unconscious, must be removed in the supine position in spite of the fact that the site of the injury has been clearly defined. Our coach, however, maintains that as the situation of the spinal injury was definitely diagnosed while he was conscious the patient must be transported in the prone position.

I should, therefore, be greatly obliged if you will give me a ruling on this point together with any remarks which may help us in dealing with similar cases. I should also like to know why the unconscious patient with a fracture in the lumbar region should be carried in the supine position, whereas a conscious patient with a similar injury is carried in the prone position.

On the facts stated the ruling of your coach was, in my opinion, perfectly correct. The uftConscious patient is removed in the supine position because first aide1' s cannot be expected to tocate the actual site of the fractured spine. If, however, it is known that the injury is in the dorsal or upper Zumbar 1 egion, then experience teaches that it is safe-r to rtmove such patients in the pYone position.-N. C. F.

28

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RESOURCEFULNESS IN IRST AID

H. N. (Southwick) .-A:t a -recent competition practice there occurred what should become a classic example of resourcefulness.

. The test - related to a dropped basket of venomous snakes which were -now .. at large." Upon the word" act " one of our members, a retired and much travelled sea captain, instantly sat down, cross-legged, and from an imaginary whistle-pipe made" charming" noises-sC?me thought he might be a patient t Comment-adulatory and otherwise-disturbed not his Eastern concentration till he concluded with" Shove the lid on, boys, they are all back! "

Now, what. would you have said if you had been the Surgeon-judge?

Good! Next, please !-N. C. F.

POSITION IN SILVESTER METHOD

P. S. - (Lincoln).-We are perplexed by the instruction that for the performance of Silvester's Method of artificial respiration the patient should be" inclined if possible from the feet upwards." We have sought from various authorities an explanation of the reason for this instruction, but so }ar we have not had a satisfactory reply. So in our difficulty we ask your kind h elp.

The i n struction is obsolete, and it ought to be re m oved f r om th e desc, of Silvester's method in the Textbook. To explai n it we m u st bri ng ba ck the pages of history.

Dr. Henry Robert Silvester first des cr i bed the method- in 1857 , an d i t was ' first reproduced in the 1883 issue of the Textbook. In the 1885 issue his name was m i sspell and continued to be misspelt " Sylvester" up to the 1911 issu e, whe n , through my repres..entations, the Textbook Committee corrected thei r sp elling.

It is noteworthy that in all the subsequent iss u es of the T ext book after the fir st i n which it appeared the description was each time altered i n so m e i m p orta n t detail,' and consequently we have no standard by which we can state that th i s or that pro ce du r e is correct or incorrect, as in the case of Schafer'S method.

In his original description Silvester sought to produ ce expan sion of the chest by holding the upper limbs of the victim extended for two seconds abo ve hi s head and roughly about one foot from the grou111; and he insisted t-hat the vi ctim sho u ld be " on his back on a flat surface "inclined a littl e up wards from th e feet." To this en d the diagram in the 1885 issue of the Textbook showed the victim lying on a g entle slope near the seashore, his lower limbs being down the hill. Cl early this was do n e with the idea that, the body being down wards on the slope, its we i ght wou ld amplify the action of stretching the upper limbs abo ve the head and so cau se an in cre as ed expansion of the chest.

Some forty years ago the late Dr. James Cantlie r ealised that a more complete expansion of the chest would be caused if the victim's elbows could be made to touch the ground. At' any rate in the 1901 (the so-called first editi on) issue of the Textbook the instructions were alte-red, and the operator was told to " draw the arms outwards, upwards and towards you with a sweeping movement, making th e elbows almost touch the ground on either side of the patient'S head or crossing the forearm over the top of his head." [n the 1911 issue the word" almost" a n d the alternati ve instruction to cross the abo ve the head were deleted. In the 1928 issue the method was published as an appendix and was only restored in 1937 to the body of the Textbook.

In -short, with the introduction of the instruction to make the elbows touch the g-round, there has never been any suggestion that the victim should be placed on an inclined slope, and there is no advantage in such an action .-N. C. F.

Owing to pressure on S'pace numerous reports, etc., have been held o'V'er. 30

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O.S. 40, 40, 40, 42 X.O.S. 44, 46

Made-to-measure garments are IS /- extra

S.J.A. REGULATION HAT for Officers and Ambulance Sisters. Fur Felt, 29/6 and Wool Felt IS /II. Badges 1.re only obtainable from H.Q. Sizes : 61, 6f, 6k, 7, 7i, 7i, 7t. Storm Cap 12/6.

NEW REGULATION DRESS for Ambulance Sisters. Made from good quality Sanforized - Shrunk washing material.

Bodice unlined, Women's, 18/11

Bodice lined, Women's 21/9 OFF DUTY DRESSES

In Grey Matalaine Wm's 55/6 OS 63/-

Made to Measure Wm ' s 63 - OS 69/6

In Grey Lystar Women's 32/6

Made to Measure Women's 42/STOCK SIZES (Women's) :

Bust: 34, 34, 36, 36, 36, 38, 38, 38, 38

Waist: 26, 26, 28, 28, 28, 30, 30, 31, 31

Skirt: 28, 30, 28, 30,32, 30, 32, 30, 32

REGULATION CAP for Ambulance Sisters,27 by 18 ins. or 28 by 19 Ins., 2/8

REGULATION CAPE.-Made in regulation grey cloth, lined with all, wool red ' flannel, 39/11

NUMERALS

OB TAINABLE FROM HEADQUARTERS ONLY

POnted ill by LOXLEY BRO!!., LTD., Pixmore Avenue, Letchworth, Herts., and published by "'"'BRiTI!!H PERIODICALS, 11/13, Bream's Chane:ery Lane London, E:\:.4, for the VENERABLE VRD1!R OF TITE HoSPITAL OF ST, JotfN OF .fERU!!ALEM.

t6e <bfftciaf of t6e (priorB tn t6e of t13e of t6e i)osl'ftaf of !St. of

VOL. 15. NO.2 FEBRUARY, 1942

CONTENTS:

EDITORIAL

THE LATE GRAND PRIOR OF THE ORDER

COLONEL C. J, TRIMBLE, C.B., C.M.G., Etc.

POUCE AMBULANCE NEWS

HONOURS

HOME NURSING PAGE

LONDON MIDLAND & SCOTTISH RAILWAY

JOINT WAR ORGANISATION NATIONAL FLAG DAY, 1942

FIRST AID IN ASPHYXIA ,.

THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRIGADE AT-HOME

THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRIGADE OVERSEAS

REVIEW

CADET NEWS

MAKING USE OF THE SENSES IN TEACHING

PRIORY FOR WALES ., INTERESTING CASE REPORTS

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

EDITORIAL OFFICES:

ST. JOHN'S GATE, LONDON, E.C l.

(All reports, etc., should reach the Editor not later than the 28th of the month.)

PUBLISHING OFFICES: 11-13, BREAM'S BUILDINGS, LONDON, E.C.4.

,23334 Leeds. Grams:" Triers, Leeds."

Es sen ti al Equipmen t

Serv ices " WILLESDEN" TRIGGU FT

Minimis es t he t!ffort in lifting patients from ground to

Issued to Official Rescue Pa rties and Pr aised by Auth or ities throughou t he Country

Long handles wh ich pus h th e Trigg lif t sw iftly and smoothly under pa tient Short ha ndles for use w here pati ent is cl o s e to a w all. Pro. Pat. 5324 ADVANTAGES:

Easy removal from awkwa r d position, passages, e t c. Heav y patien t s easily lifted- even by women. Comfort for the pat ient. Speed if necessary Slow movement if advisable.

Immediate Delivery 12 /6 Set of Four. With Des c riptive Bookle t Plus 7d. Postage. SOLE AGENTS IN THE U.K. ANT I -GAS Ltd., Bide ford, N. Devon Government Contractors. Telephone; BIDE FORD 600 (3 lines).

t£3e of f£3t gJriot'13 in f£3e OOritis £3 (Rea fm of (h) tntta Bft <Dr?)er of t()t of IJ;t. eJ oi3n of S etusafe m

Edited by GE O RGE E. C RAFT, F R. S. A.

EDITORIAL

The new Government regulations relating to part-time Civil Defence workers closely affect our members; but as our organisation has been, from its inception, built up on the voluntary spirit they will entail no hardship. At first sight it may appear that the volunteer is being penalised for his voluntary status, but closer examination reveals that this is not the case.

Every man, woman, youth and girl must do his or her share in the national effort, and it is only by listing those who are already contributing towards the Civil Defence Organisation that the authorities may ensure that there are no slackers.

Too many people have been evading their responsibilities in Civil Defence; too many still leave it to "the other person"; too many still do but an occasional night of duty and erroneously feel that they have done their fair and proper share.

We are concerned, primarily, however, with the fir:st-aid service in all its departments, including shelter and aid-post 'work. Will our members receive that welcome to which they are legitimately entitled? Unfortunately, many adverse reports have previously reached us, giving particulars of the treatment extended to them by those engaged on full-time employment and sometimes even by the officers-in-charge. vVhen it is remembered that the Voluntary organisations formed the backbone of the First Aid Services in the initial days of the war, such treatment is hard to understand. It is, therefore , to be hoped that now the volunteers have been placed on a compulsory basis, inasmuch as they will not be to resign unless for some very good reason, due consideration 'will be given to their status, and that they 'will be considered to be just as integral a part of the organisation as the full-time paid worker.

The change of format of THE GAZETTE has, most gratifyingly, been approved by our readers. Of the many letters received, not one has contained adverse criticism; many even express the hope that the neVl size vvill continue after t h e war. Whether this w ill be so remains to be seen, but in the meanti me we wou l d li ke to thank a ll those who sent l etters of congratu l ations and wishes for the continued success of THE GAZETTE. Many constructive suggestions for future issues have a lso been received and the senders may rest assured that t h ese will be considered in due course.-THE EDITOR.

35

The Late Grand Prior of the Order

A TRIBUTE BY THE SUB-PRIOR

H.R.H. The Duke of Connaught, whose death at the age of 92 on January 16 is vvidely lamented throughout the Empire, succeeded George V as Prior in 1910 and all members of the Order are greatly mdebted to hlm for the remarkable development of its work for humanity while holding that office until his; resignation in 1939.

The following resolution passed by Chapter General m Fe?ruary of. that year indicated the high appreciation of their Grand Prior's serVlces covenng a period of twenty-nine years:

"Chapter General, having received a message from the Pnor that His Royal Highness feels obliged o'wing to ill-health to from his office as Grand Prior of the Order in the British Realm, desrre to place on record their appreciation of his devoted services. a. period of 29 years, during which under his watchful guidance and a remarkable expansion has taken place in the Order's work for humamty; .and to express on behalf of the Order and its establishments and at Home and throughout the Empire their profound regret that clrcumstances have necessitated this step."

During those years I would mention one or two of .the and developments which have taken place: The 111 t?-e of the Order: in 1928 there were 3,690 members, not mcludmg AssocIates; in 1931 the number had increased to 4,268; and in 1941 (but two yea rs after his resignation) the figure was 6,290. The increase in member ship of the Brigade At-home and Overseas was over 71,000 in addition to over 20,000 Cadets.

The granting of a further Royal Charter in 1926 whereby the of ." The Grand Priory in England" was changed to that of " The Grand Pnory ill British Realm," thereby converting it into a great Imperial Order and enab lmg subordinate establishments, such as Priories and Commanderies, to be esta"?lished throughout the British Dominions and Colonies. This was followed ill 1936 by a further Royal Charter strengthening and amending that It was in the latter year that, largely by his help and support, the Pil.gnmage to the Holy Land was successfully undertaken by The Order. Hls great sympathy with the cause of humanity and bis unfailing help to that cause was always recognised to the full by all branches of The Order and earned for hlm the title of " Our beloved Grand Prior" by which he v,' ill ever be remembered.

SCARBROUGH, Sub-Prior.

Colonel Charles Joseph Trimble, C.B., C.M.G., V.D., T.D., L.R.C.P.(Ed.)

As announced in the January issue of THE GAZETTE Colonel C. J. Trimble has been promoted to the Grade of Bailiff Grand in The Order, a well earned by one wbo has been actively engaged 111 the work of first ald Sillce 1880.

Affectionately known as the " Grand Old Man" of first aid, Col. Trimble as a young medical man in practice with his elder brother Robert, at WaltonIe-Dale and Bamber Bridge, started first aid classes in the county of Lancashire, and when Surgeon-Major, Hutton, Organising Commissioner of the Association, visited Lancashire and the North-West in 1880 he found that the ground hadalready been prepared by Dr. Trimble, who was among the first to urge the necessity of establishing a common standard of efficiency and linking the various classes together i:o. each district by enrolment in Corps. The fact that he had been an officer in the Preston Volunteer Artillery Brigade since July, 1878, had some influence on the adoption of the word Corps, and in 1883 the first Corps in Lancashire was registered at Heywood. In 1887 it was decided that the various corps should be banded together as a brigade.

36

When in 1894 the country was divided into five districts Col. Trimble was appointed Commissioner of No.4 District, which included Lancashire, Cheshire, North Wales, Cumberland, Westmorland, Ireland and the Isle of Man. He held that office until December, 1931, when the district was sub-divided into seven areas. Col. Trimble still remains on tbe active list as the Inspecting Officer, No.4 District, on the Cbief Commissioner's staff.

The great work of Col. Trimble in the first aid world is a wonderful record of service to others. For bis work in the South African War he received the C.M.G.; in the Great War he succeeded Col. Sir James Clark as Officer in Command of the St. John Hospital at Etaples and was awarded the C.B.; for gallantry during hostile air attacks on May 19 and 31, 1918, when the hospital was wrecked, he was awarded the Gold Life-Saving Medal of the Order, a very rare honour.

To commemorate his 31 years as Commissioner Col. Trimble was presented by the members of No.4 District, on the occasion of his 70th birthday, with a handsome shield which the following year was allotted by the Brigade as a special individual team prize in the" Dewar" Shield Competition

Col. Trimble, now in his 85th year, is a living example to all members of our organisation, and we extend our heartiest congratulations to him.

POLICE AMBULANCE NEWS

On Sunday, January 25, the " Clean Sweep" Trophy competi tion of the " M" Division, Metropolitan Police, was held at Gilmour House , when Dr. M. M. Scott was the judge

The test was of a domestic scene in which the " husband" had attempted suicide by coal gas poisoning. His" wife" in trying to prevent him was slashed with a knife and received a large vertical wound of the abdomen with injury to the left knee. Both were suffering from carbon monoxide poisoning on the arrival of the teams.

Some good work was displayed by the teams and a very interesting gathering followed the proceedings with a critical eye. Those present included Chief Constable Sprules, Supt. Briggs (" M "), Supt. Peto (Women Police), Commandant Matthews (" M " Special Constabulary) and many other officers.

At the conclusion of the test Supt. Briggs welcomed the visitors and extended tbanks to Dr. Scott for jud ging the competition, to the patients, and to the stewards.

The result of the competition was: 1, Kennington Road (captain, P. C. Holland), 113 marks; 2, Women Police, 111; 3, Southwark, 103 ; followed by Deptford, Rotherhithe and Tower Bridge in that order. Mrs. Briggs presented the trophy and prizes.

The competition for the" Dalton-Matthews" cup will be held on Sunday, March 1, and Supt. Briggs extended an open invitation to all present.

HONOURS

The County Commissioner East Riding of Yorkshire reports that in the New Year's Honours List the undermentioned received recognition :-

M.B.E.-Corps Officer E. Edwards (Hull Corps); Divisiona l Surgeon Mrs. M. Morton-Stewart (Humber Nursing Division , Hull Corps); Mr. G. Richardson (Assistant Postmaster, the G.P.O., Hull, Vice-President Hull Docks Division).

The Commissioner of No. 1 (Prince of Wales's) District reports that Supt. J. Finch (Limehouse Division) has been awarded the British Empire Medal (Civil Division) in recognition of his work as Superintendent of Stretcher Parties in the Borough of Poplar since the beginning of the war.

The Commissioner No.4 (Lancashire) District reports thaeLady Divisional Superintendent Miss Smith, St. Annes Nursing Division and Commandant Lytham Hall Convalescent Hospital, was admitted an Associate Royal Red Cross

37

HOME NURSING PAGE

By Alice M. Pennell, O.B.E., B.Sc., M.B., B.S. (London)

Now that we a re. once ragain getting ourselves attuned to the idea of raids and invasion it is important that the active members of the Brigade should see to it that they really kno'w their job-not from an examination point of view, not " by heart" from the book , but practically, commonsensically, humanely, and efficiently.

Last week an unfortunate victim of my acquaintance was knocked down in broad daylight by one of those unthinking, absent-minded perhaps, but wholly dangerous motorists who come swiftly round corners without hooting, just to gain a fraction of a minute before the lights change.

Though there were three F.A.P.'s within a stone's throw of the scene of the accident, the probably ignorant or untrained person to render first aid summoned no one who knew about transporting injured people, and instead of the victim (who was ill agony with a broken leg) being carefully taken on a stretcher to the nearby hospital, she was crammed into the small car that had knocked her do,;vu, and dragged out of it 250 yards down the road. All this is unju stifiab le pain to inflict on someone so badly injured, and I feel that St. John authorities should .get busy and insist that public servants, as 'we ll as all citizens, are trained to recognise when a victim may be moved in a car and when he must hav e a stretcher party to move him. We hear on the wireless how frequent these accidents are; for two years the two organisations specially constituted to render first aid have assured me that no one ROW needs or asks for classes, and yet this sort of thing happens day after day. In some cases simple fractures a re made compound, and in all unnecessary pain is inflicted on the victims. It is bad enough to have reckless motorists, inconsiderate lorry-driv ers, thoughtless bicyclists and rash pedestrians, bu t at least those who almost in variably have to deal w ith the victims, and are supposed by the public to knowhow and when to move the victims, should be tested by officials of the St John organisation or Red Cross.

It is important to remember that fractures of the lower limb must never be moved more than is absolutely inev itable. A doctor should be summoned if those who are on the spot a r e in doubt-and stretcher parties, who have for months been pining for practice, should be allowed to do the transporting. Please practise picking up an accident case with (1) a fractured femur (probably fractured at the neck of the femur); (2) a fractured pelvis; (3) a fractured spine; (4) a fractured ankle; (5) a fractured head.

. Get your teams to do the lifting on to the stretcher, after splinting where necessary, as well as transporting. Choose for practice a large , heavy man, an old lady, a frail delicate nervous woman, and not just the most co-operative of your team; for that is the way to learn how to deal with real cases. In your hours of hospital training get some instruction on this; watch the trained porters and nurses before asking to be allowed to assist . Then your victim's needs must be met-warmth for shock, a hot drink, a blanket, ease of mind, as well as removal from the scene of the accident to a place for treatment.

Be tactful in your questions, and wise. It is no time to demand unnecessary details while the victim is in pain. Find the identity card and take particulars of name and address, and of the next-of-kin; don't go on worrying the already suffering patient.

Be humane. A good nurse or first aider can put herself in the patient's place and will act as she or he would like to be dealt with if the positions were reversed. A hot drink helps to steady the patient's nerves, and then if he or she is in pain morphia can be administered by the person qualified to give it.

Be gentle in your handling, and do not add to the victim's sufferings more than you can help. And it is a good rule not to be uproariously heart y while attending to a person in pain. Jokes and loud laughter, though a sign that the helpers (?) are not downhearted, tend to increase mental discomfort and a 38

sense of neglect and unkindliness that help no one who is the victim of someone else's These may seem small points to the hale and robust, but psychologlcally they retard progress, if Old and frail people, lonely peopl e, p.eople who are about relatives, people who are suffering from lllcomes, the serVlce at home, fewer friends near them, or lowered vl.talIty .due st.rain, are often in these accidents, and anyone WIth a lIt.tle can see It mu.st.Jar on their nerves to have bright young th1l1gs hangmg about and act1l1g as If It were all a real joke.

Strike a happy medium betw een lu g ubrious, sloppy sympathy and exclamahons of " Oh! how dreadful," on one hand, and callous indifference and gay laught er on the other, over the pati ent's bed.

A good St. J olm nurse knows that unselfishness and true helpfulness are demanded of her, and first thought must be her patient's good (the feelings on !l1ental and phySIcal planes) as well as the desire to make his recovery as httle uksom e as possible, and to promote it by every means.

Before the surg:eon has fixed the limb, all movement, if there is a fracture, lS re,:l agony It IS well to remember this. Again, when you are doing your .tra1l1m ?, watch the doctors and sisters attending skilfully to the mJured limb. lhey keep an eye on the patient to see how he is bearing it.

And then these experts do not ask the patient if he would like this or that as the " pro" so often They act on experience and knowledge. The St: J ohn has to acqurre both thes e, and she must lose no opportunity in attendmg casualty wards and studying how to be helpful and useful.

Midland & Scottish Railway

Th e sIxteenth annual of the Ambulance Centre in England and \Val es has recently been Issued by Mr. GIlbert S. Hill, the General Ambulance Secretary.

Owing to war-time and th e interest taken in such organisations as the Home Guard, Au Rard Precautions, Fire Prevention, e tc. , the r es ult of the :year's working, to Jun e 30, 1941 , shows a decrease in the number of awards as vlith that of the pr evio us year. The greatest falling off was III the certIficate stage, but t aking into consideration the hundreds of yo ung men. now serving with H,M. Forces th e final figure of passes, 7,476 , is indeed a credIt to the Company.

l\Iany instances of First Aid of exceptional character were rend ered by the Staff, and Meritorious First Aid Certificates were awarded Thomas \Ai. Brain Detective, and H. Burford, Fireman, Bath, for services r en dered at aCCIdent whIch occurred on April 1, 19-1:0.

Since the formation of the Centre, Long Service Medals and Bars have been awarded members of the staff as follows: Medals, 3,884; Bars, 20 years, 1,769; 25 831; 30 years 360; 35 years 107; 40 years 16; 45 years 1. -

Dunng th,e year some 20 members received recognition b y th e Ord er of St. John for serVlces rend ered

"With th e extensive employment of female labour 38 classes for women were form ed, whilst in other cases" mixed" classes were arranaed.

In Mr. Hill extended to membe;s of the medical prof esslOn, dIstnct officers and class· secretanes and 1l1structors and many others for their continued assistance to the movement,

War

National Flag Day, 1942

The N ': tlOnal Flag Day for 1942 WIll be h eld on Jun e 9, and mem bers arranging for collectlOns sh,ould apply for matenal as early as possibl e, and in any case b efo re Apnl 20. The restnctlOn on paper pulp, etc., has increased the Organisers ' work and no materials can be guaranteed unless orders are received by the date given.

. The joint. emb lems year will be smaller in size and a proportion of tbem WIll not be pmned but WIll have a tab, which will be suitable to fix into a aentleman's button-hole. 1:>

FIRST AID IN ASPHYXIA

By M. M. Scott, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P.

{Member of the Textbook Revision Committee and Divisional Surgeon, S.J.A B.)

Continued from page 8, Janua ry, 1942, issue

ADDITIONAL FIRST Am NOTES IN SPECIAL CASES

Dro wning :-Contrary to the general belief that recovery is impossible after complete submersion for more than a few minutes, cases have been recorded in which resuscitation has been successful after complete submersion from 15 to 20 minutes or even 30 minutes. Do not attempt to clear the mouth or to empty the lungs or stomach of water, etc. This is unneces sary and, in fact, dangerous, as valuable time is being wasted. Schafer's method of artificial respirati on should be performed immediately and bystanders instructed to remove wet clothing and apply blankets, etc. Carbon dioxide may be simultaneously administered in the usual way.

Choki ng :-One way in which small objects may be r emoved from the throat is by the patient's head and shoulders forward, and thumping the back just between the shoulder blades. If this is unsuccessful vomiting may be encouraged by passing two fingers right to the back of the throat. Larger objects, such as dentures "!3hould be hooked up by a finger which is passed into the mouth. It is a wise precaution to always remove dentures from all helpless or insensible patients as soon as is possible.

Falling back of the to ngue :-This may usually be pr.evented by keeping the patient's head well turned to one side. In cases where there are severe injuries to the mouth, or to the lower part of the face involving the lower jaw, the patient should be carried on a stretcher in the prone position., 'with the head hanging over the side or alternatively face downwards with the chest wall raised and the head turned to one side.

The tongue may be kept forward (in cases where injuries do not preclude this) by gentle pressure sustained behind and above the angle of the lower jaw. It may be necessary to pass a finger into the back of th e mouth and hook th e ton g ue forward, or even to pass a suture throu gh the tongue to enable an assistant to maintain suitable traction.

Swelling of the Interior Tissues of th e Th roat.

(a) When not due to corrosive poisoning.

Place the patient, if possible, before a fire. Apply hot compresses to the front of the neck from the chin to the top of the sternum and renew them frequently. If breathing has not ceased, or ha s been restored and the patient is able to swallow, give him ice to suck or cold water to drink. Butter , olive or salad oil, or liquid medicinal paraffin may also be given.

(b) In cases of corrosive poisoning.

Following the giving of an antidote, apply hot compresses and renew frequently to the front of the neck. If able to swallow give the patient butter, olive or salad oil or medicinal paraffin, or demulcent drinks such as barley water or gruel. All these likewise tend to relieve pain.

Inhaling poison gases (exchtding war gases) :-The anti-gas respirators issued for war purposes are not designed to 'give protection against" non-war" gases and should, therefore , not be used. The " Proto" typ e self-contained oxygen breathing apparatus should be worn when entering a gas atmosphere.

(i) Gas met with inside burni ng buildings.

These are usually a mixture of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and smoke. As a higher proportion of the oxygen in the air is used up by combustion, the longer the patient is in the gas-laden area the more serious his position becomes.

To rescue patients from a smoke-laden room (when no oxygen apparatus is available) you should tie a wet handkerchief or the like over your mouth, hold your breath, and crawl into the room keeping low and as close to the wall and floor as possible. To remove a helpless or insensible patient turn him on his back; tie his wrists together; kneel over him; place his two tied wrists over your neck;

40

crawl out I?atien.t with you. Artificial respiration is then rendered together WIth the admllllstratlOn of carbon dioxide and oxygen.

(ii) Carrbon monoxide poisoning.

A high of carbon monoxide is found in coal-gas, charcoal or cokefire fumes and m motor-car exhaust fumes. It is also produced by burning cordite and by the explosion of H.E. shells.

The aid treatment consists of quickly removing the patient into open air (as from smoke-laden room) and at the same time, making sure that a ny aCh,:re source of gas (e.g. running car engine) is turned off and a free circulahon of aIr ensured by opening all doors and windows.

monoxide forms a loose and reversible combination with the hGemoglobm and until it is displaced and the oxygen-carrying power of the blood the asphyxia. will continue. cases of prolonged exposure the patient IS dead .If n?t found until ten (or probably even five) minutes after the cessatlOr: of Should the patient still be breathing, inhalational treatm ent 'wIll be of more Importance than artificial respiration, which may not be necessary. The value of concentrated ir: monoxide poisoning has already been stressed, but should resprrahon fail then artificial respirahon should be commenced immediately.

Patients should be removed until breathing has been well established, and be kept warm m a recumbent position. Removal to hospital should invarIably be on a stretcher.

. Electrocution :-Asphyxia in this is due .initially to cessation of respirahon, than lack of oxygen, the mam contrIbutory cause being paralysis of the dIaphragm. Do. not touch the patient at first unl ess you are sure he is no longer m contact WIth the li ve medium. If the current cannot be switched off the must himself by standing on a dry non-conducting material s uch as mdia rubber, lmoleum, glass, etc. The hands should be protected with rubber gloves, tobacco pouch or sor:r:e ar::icle of dry clothing. Failing a loop of dry rope or.a crooked non-metallIc stick can be used to drag the patient away from .the medlUI?' Care shou.ld .b e taken to avoid the patient's bare skin, wet l?-alled boots. Simllarly, since water is such a good conductor of electncIty:, It I.S dangerous to playa jet from a hose of stirrup -pump on to an exposed lIve wrre.

Efforts at resuscitation will on ly be successful when the respirations, but not the heart, have bee.n stopped. It is extremely difficult to diagnose death in such the onset. of rIgor the only certain clinical sign. Artificial respiratio n <l:long v,?-th the adml111stratIon of carbon dioxide, etc., should be persevered WIth until reco very takes place or rigor mortis sets in. The Board of Trade recommends Sc?afer's method for a minimum of four hours; recovery has occurred after eIght hours in one recorded case.

The " " is this type of asphyxia because apart the difficulty m mamtammg pr olon ged artific ial respiration it aVOIds the detrImental break of rh ythm and timing which occurs when one operator takes over from another.

.The importance of immediate application of artificial respiration in electrocuhon has by Canadian statistics which prove that when it is commenced. wlthm one mmute of the initial shock 90 per cent. of the patients recover , whlle after a delay of 6 minutes only 10 per cent recover.

The treatm ent of any accompanying burns is on the orthodox lines.

Blast from bomb explosion :-Notwithstanding recent investio-ations much has to be learn ed regarding the first aid treatment of this condltion. The risk of domg. damage to the l:m gs will be slight if artificial respiration by the Schafer applIed. When there IS blood-stained fluid in the nose or mouth, or a wound of the chest wall, artificial respiration is contra-hldicated and th.e. pahent be removed immediately to hospital. It is , therefore,' perto. permIt .o f very slIght delay before applying artificial respiration while a rapld exammahon of the chest wall is made.

(Concluded)

atbe J obn rJjrigabt

A NEW FUND

HEADQUARTER NOTICES

The Chief Commissioner would like it made known that, thanks to the generosity of certain persons interested in the Brigade, mostly in America, he has a Fund of about £400 to afford help to members who are in temporary want owing to enemy action. This Fund is called " The St. John Ambulance Brigade Help Fund" and should be referred to as such by Commissioners forwarding cases which they consider merit assistance. This Fund is in addition to the Brigade Benevolent Fund, which is limited to assistance in case of illness.

TOWARDS WAR SERVICE BAR.-NuRSiNG DIVISIONS

In the notice which appeared in the January issue of THE GAZETTE the word " on " was used instead of the word " or." The correct notice should read :-

Members undertaking Hospital Supply Service work under the Central Hospitals Supply Service of the Red Cross and St. John War Organisation, or Ambulance transport duties, may be allowed to count this service towards the number of hours qualifying for the War Service Bar.

COMMISSIONERS' CONFERENCE

Owing to unforeseen circumstances the ChiH Commissioner was compelled to cancel the Conference arranged for January 21. It is hoped to arrange a new date in the near future.

UNIFORM RATIONING

The follovving information is advised for general use, and where necessary the Special Brigade Order UCE, November, 1941, should be amended accordingly:-Applications for coupon equivalents will not be considered unless form UCE/1 fully completed is submitted on behalf of the officer or member concerned, and in the case of categories 1b, 1c, 1d, and 2a appropria te number of coupons are attached to the form. Applications for form UCE / 1 must be sent direct to the Brigade Secretary, St. John's Gate, London, E.C.1, and all enquiries in accordance with the issue of coupon equivalents must also be addressed to the Brigade Secretary.

Divisional Surgeons will submit form UCE / 1 to the Assistant Commissioner unless forming part of a Corps, when they will submit it through the Corps Superintendent.

Part-time workers doing less than 48 hours per month enrolled after November, 1, 1941, may receive a coupon equivalent for the articles listed for their category, but are not entitled to any replacement concession. Application for the coupon equivalent must be made on UCE/1 as for other categories, but clothing coupons do not have to be sent with the application.

Rationed items of uniform not specified in the schedule can be obtained by co upon equivalent if the total requirements do not exceed the coupon schedule allowance for their category, i.e., cloth may be supplied for making garments by officers and members in lieu of ready-made garments. Boots, shoes, stockings and gloves cannot under any circumstances be allowed coupon free, i.e., coupon equivalents cannot be granted for these rationed articles.

Coupon equivalents for cloth will be granted on the following bases :-

(a) All Cotton Cloths.-From 27 ins. to 33 ins., Ii coupons per yard; over 33 ins. to 40 ins., 2 coupons per yard; over 40 ins. to 45 ins., 2t coupons per yard; over 45 ins. to 51 in s., 2i co u pons per yard; from 51 ins. to 60 ins., 3 coupons per yard .

(b) All Woollen Cloths.-Costume serge and overcoating 54 ins. wide, 4t coupons per yard Men's cloth and overcoating 54 ins. wide, 4t coupons per yard.

Width of cloth required must be stated on form DCE/1.

The total coupon value of annual replacement for categor y 1d as schedule in Special Brigade Order, should read 18 coupons and not 19.

Officers and members should not send their orders to suppliers with measure42

ment forms have :-eceived .the coupon equivalents, as suppliers are unable to delIver rationed articles until clothing coupons or coupon equivalents are surrendered to them.

In the case of by enemy action, when sending certificate sIgned. by a responsIble authonty, such certificate must also be accompanied by a lIst of garments saved and fit for use.

1 next, there .being only months of present coupon year reI?amm?" SIX coupons only Will be reqUlred for the initial replacement of umform mstead of 12 as given in DCE. The full 12 coupons, however, must be surrendered m subsequent years.

1 (PRINCE OF WALES'S) DISTRICT

The COmmlSSl<:mer of No. 1 Distri?t has received a letter from Dr. Doyne Bell, Shelter Officer of. the CIty of Westminster, extracts from which read as The .begmmng of the new year seems to be an appropriate moment to wnte to you m appreciation of the excellent work which I have seen the me!llbers of your Corps doing night after night in the air-raid shelters of Westmmster dun.ng the past year. I have seen the work of St. John ambulance and wom en m the shelters froT?- the beginning, through the period of heavy Ialdmg, and m the often. more difficult period of 'lull,' when shelterers are prone to more exactillg and unreasonable demands on the sympathy and understan?mg of those working in aid-posts. You will certainly have heard muc: praIse of the courage show:n. by of the Brigade in moments of dancer and I have had ?PportuI7ltIes of WItnessing such courage. But what I want to record here particularly IS the devotion to routine and unexciting duty sympathy and show?- the shelterer who is baving a bad time, 3:nd ready adaptabillty to the Job ill band, which I have found 'witbout m all the me.n.:bers the Brigade with whom I have worked ." After pralsmg members m particular, Mrs. Pinkney, of East Ham, and Sergt E. D. Chlppmg, of the 101 Division, Dr. Doyne Bell concludes with success of those sbelter whose work I have seen is almost entirely due to the very work which members of the St. J obn Ambulance Brigade have done so steadily and and I feel it is not only a pleasure but my bare duty to put my appreciatlOn on record."

ENFIELD. - The annual busil?-ess meeting of the Enfield Nursing Division ,(;vas held on January 5 when, o'wmg to the unavoidable absence of the President Mr: Derek Parker-Bowles), Lad y Div. Supt. Mrs. Frances A. Phypers took tbe chair. a r epresentative gathering of officers and nurses , honorary members, auxIhary members and cadets.

An year's work was reported by Div. Secretary Miss D Clark .a satisfactory state of finance presented by Miss C. A. Pritchard. Comforts Depot been maintained and much help given in cases of Illness by the loan of from ItS stores. Miss E. Fiske, auxiliary reserve officer, showed that satisfactory work had been undertaken at the Rest Centres by members of the Reserve.

Mrs. .that a big step forward had been taken during the 23rd ye.ar of the DlvlslOn s hI.story by the formation of a Cadet Division which consome very promlsmg young nurses In connection with the Enfield Youth Corps, numerous classes have been held in preliminary first aid and home nursmg that a large number of boys and girls had been trained.

F Practically all were working, either full or part-time, in hospitals '. A. Posts, at the Sick Bay or as heads of the F A. Departments in their firms' DIV. Surgeon Brass ha.d lectured very ably to large numbers of persons and passes m subsequent examinations was 97 per cent.

The DIvislOn looks forward with confidence to the future.

No. 2 DISTRICT

BRISTOL.-The Pill and District Nursing Division (Bristol No 1 Cor s) recently c.ompeted for the silver ?U,P presented by Mrs. Kettlewell ('Lady D1v. resIgned). test was diVided into three parts: (1) A paper on First Id and Home Nursmg, set by Corps Surgeon A. P. Gorman; (2) an Inspection 43

by Lady Corps Supt. Miss M. E. Sarah; (3) "Treatment Trays" (for correction of errors) arranged by Lady Div. Supt. Miss Blacker, S.R.N.

The competition proved a great success and the Division are grateful to the Corps Officers for the time and trouble taken in the event.

Dr. Gorham reported a" good general standard" on the paper. Miss Sarah, who took the opportunity of inspecting the Cadet Nursing Division, expressed her appreciation of the general turn-out of the members.

Ambulance Sister Mrs. Grace Thayer was awarded the cup.

SouTHAMPToN.-The following three promotions have taken place in the B.B. Division: Private O. McAllen to Ambulance Office (Temporary), Privates E. Farugia and A. Gardiner to Corporals.

HIGH WvcoMBE.-A new Division of the Brigade has been formed in High Wycombe to be known as the " Ernest Turner (Electrical Instruments) Ambulance Division." The idea of forming a Division was fostered from the already . existing firm's A.R.P. First Aid Party, at the express wish of the late Mr. Ernest Turner, J.P., with the close co-operation of Mr. N. Turner, who has accepted the Presidency of the Division Mr. J. A. Murray is vice-president.

The Division will be officered by the following: Dr. R. A. Wiener, Div. Surgeon; A. Wallis , Div. Superintendent; A. King, Ambulance Officer; R. Machin, Secretary and Hon. Sergeant; G. Parker, Hon. Treasurer; L. Jaycock and P. Emerson, Corporals. There are 18 other ranks already members.

No.3 (WESTERN) DISTRICT

WORcEsTER.-Two trophies, the" Nuell Cup" and the " Bonham Shield," presented by Corps Treasurer T. B. Nuell for individual work and Mr. R. W. Bonham for team work, were recently competed for by members of the W orcester Division.

Div. Surgeon C. T. Mills judged the team work and Div . Supt. Vii. T. Smith the individ ual.

In the absence of Dr. Mills, who had to leave early owing to the call of work, Corps Supt. Fulloway presented the trophies. Private R. L. Woodward won the individual competition and Corporal C. H. Oliver's team the team test. Corps Supt. Fulloway said that both the individual and team tests had been very close and he was pleased to see such keenness among the competitors.

DROITWICH SPA.-Alderman C. H Everton presided at the annual meeting of the Droitwich Spa Division, supported by Corps Supt. Fulloway and Supt. T. Skey. It was reported that 16 members were now serving with the Forces.

A total of 137 cases had been treated and 79 cases removed to hospital. It has been decided to form a Cadet section for boys of 14 and over. • Ald. Everton, who is the Divisional President, has presented a cup for competition and Corps Supt. Fulloway has also given a trophy.

A presentation was made to Corps Inspector E. J. Sanders on the occasion of his marriage to Miss Hartland.

Div. Surgeon Milles, on behalf of the Droitwich Spa Nursing Division, recently presented to Lady Corps Officer Mrs. K. M. Neligan a fountain pen and book token as a mark of appreciation for her great service to the Division during the time she had been Lady Divisional Superintendent. Mrs. Neligan started the Division in 1935 with a membership of 15. It now has 45. Miss H. Willis has succeeded to the position of Superintendent; other new appointments being Miss Sheard and Miss Wisdom as Lady Ambulance Officers; Miss B. Evans, secretary; and Miss Stephens, treasurer.

No.4 (CHESHIRE) DISTRICT

WALLAsEY.-The new headquarters of the Leasowe Division, Wallasey Corps, were officially opened by County Officer James Cotter last month. Corps Supt. T. Armitage presided, supported by the Mayor (Councillor P. G. Davies), Chief Constable John Ormerod, Lady Corps Supt. Mrs. A. G. Chesterman, Corps Supt. E. Allen Smith, and members of the Wallasey Corps. Corps Supt. Armitage described how the premises had been prepared by the untiring efforts of the Divisional members under Mr. H. Simpson. County Officer Ce:>tter congratulated the members on what they had done 44

and gave a short history of the Order of St. John. He also congratulated the Corps, which is the "baby" of the Cheshire Area, on the establishment of another Division .

. The Mayor expressed surprise at the amount of work undertaken by the Bngade. He was amazed, seeing that the organisation was a voluntary movement and entirely self-supporting.

The Chief Constable during his remarks stated that he considered the Brigade the finest first aid organisation in existence.

Corps Supt. Smith, designated the" father of the baby," said that when he became superintendent of the Wallasey Division it was his ambition to enlarge his five sections to five Divisions and he felt proud of the Corps.

Supt. J B. Alderson is in charge of the Leasowe Division.

MOREToN.-The awards gained at a recent examination were presented to members of the Moreton Nursing Division by Lady Corps Officer Mrs. Sutton at a social held last month. Lady Supt. Mrs. E. Ellis extended thanks to Dr. R. L. Wynne who had undertaken the lectures.

No.5 DISTRICT

SHEFFIELD.-A first aid competition was held at the headquarters of the Sheffield Corps by members of the Sharrow Ambulance Division for a silver cup presented by the officers of the Division.

Div. Surgeon R. D Downie, of " D " Division , adjudicated and some very interesting first .aid was shown during the tests .

The winning team, composed of Sgt. Ward (captain), Corpl. G. W. Lawler and Ptes. A. Barlow and Johnson, rec eived the cup from Assistant Commissioner H. C. (Acting Supt.), wh.o.in the course of his remarks complimented the DlvlslOn on runmn g a competItIon so early in its career, having been in existence only 18 months.

Amb. Officer E. J. Spencer proposed a vote of thanks to Dr. Downie for adjudicating, and also gave a brief account of th e formation of the Division from a class organised to assist with Civil Defence Services.

Div. Supt. C. H. Faris thanked Assistant Commissioner Else for his presence and for presenting the trophy.

Assistant Commissioner Else referred to the good spirit which prevailed among the members of the Sheffield Corps and the excellent work all members doing .. He paid tribute to the Surgeons of the Corps who gave their serVIces as ill the case of other ranks. Whilst complimenting the winning team on its success he a kindly word of encouragement to the members of other teams, and Wlshed the Sharrow Division every success.

WEST BROMWIcH.-On Saturday, January 10, th e West Bromwich Sandwell Division held a successful dinner and social. The occasion was the presentation of warrants, whic? was carr:ied out by Corps Officer G. A. Powell, who presented the followrng :-President, Councillor A. Turner; Vice-President, the Rev. K. G. Symcox, B.A.; Div. Surgeon, Dr. C. Samuels. Recently promoted officers received the following warrants: Amb. Officer W. Stevens, Sgt. E. H. Bagnall, Sgt. H. Newman, Cpl. N. P. Smith, Cpl. J. R. Dancer, and Cpl. W. G. Payne.

After the dinner Corps Supt. G. E. Powell welcomed the new President Vice-President, Div. Surgeon i?to the Brigade and remarked upon progress the DIVlslOn had made durrng its ten year's existence .

The President, the toast of the Di vision , said how pleased he was WIth the honour accorded hIm, and as he did not want just to be a figure-head, called upon members to see had jobs to do. Corps Surgeon Saklatvala (late surgeon of the Sandwell DlvlslOn) acknowledged the President's remarks.

Subsequently the Vice-President rose to express goodwill to members absent ill the Forces, and to express at his appointment. Pte. Shakespeare, hom.e on leave from the R.A.F. MedIcal Corps, expressed his appreciation of the sentIments expressed.

No.8 (DUKE OF CONNAUGHT'S) DIgTRICT

CHIPSTEAD VALLEY.-On Sunday, January 4, a meeting was held at The 45

Hut, Smitham Station Approach, to inaugurate a new Nursing Division which will be known as the Chipstead Valley Nursing Division.

Lady County Supt. Mrs. Thomas, accompanied by District Staff Officer J. S Hannam, Lady Dist. Officer Mrs. Heald and Supt. Adamson, presided at the meeting and explained the work of Nursing Divisions and the q ualifications necessary.

It was decided that Mrs. Taylor, who had acted as class secretary, should be nominated for Divisional Superintendent and that the appointment of other ranks be left in her charge.

Thanks were expressed to Supt. Adamson and members of the Ambulance Division for their assistance at the first aid course of instruction.

CHERTSEY.-At the annual meeting of the Chertsey Division held on January 18 dissatisfaction was expressed at the Council's lack of co-operation. It was stated that when members reported at the Centre they were looked upon as "aliens" by those at the Control. It was resolved that a note of protest should be sent to the Civil Defence Committee, who would be asked to meet a deputation of representatives of the Division.

Div. Surgeon J. B. Vaile presided at the meeting at which Supt. R. J. Gristock presented the report They had started the year with a chan ge of title. Addlestone had now become a separate Division and they wis hed them the best of luck. Thanks were extend ed to Mr. Richardson and the Ambulance Committee, also to Mrs. Vaile in her capacity as vol untary ambulance driver. They were very fortunate in having Dr. Vaile as Divisional Surgeon, w ho took so much interest in their work.

Div. Secretary W. F. Hooks reported that 28 men formed the Addlestone Division and that left 36 members in the Chertsey Division. By the death of Cpl. T. Durrant they had lost a valuable member and a good friend. In conclusion he thanked Supt. Gristock, Amb. Officer Hampshire, Cpl. Ayling (Addlestone) and Pte Gregory (Woodham) and members of the Committee for their help during the past year.

Duties undertaken by the ambulance loaned by the American Red Cross were given "by Transport N.C.O. Richardson. SL"'Cty-one invalid, six service and one road cases had been dealt with, the mileage being 1,661. "

GODSTONE.-v'\Te are pleased to learn that Supt. Simmonds, of the Godstone Division, is now back in harness after his long illness. We wish him better health in the future.

"Hutt's Harness"

The above appliance is the patent of Mr. A. Hutt , of D ysart, Fife, and it has received many commendations from doctors in England and Scotland as an outstanding article in A.R.P. equipment. By its use a patient may be turned to any position required whilst on the stretcher, after the application of splints, bandages, and blankets in the usual way. "Hutt's Harness JJ is a device to secure a patient on to a stretchermore especiall y the allmetal variety. The patient can be secured within a few seconds. As it covers all blankets, etc., it helps in the treatment of shock by keeping the heat in, and also by keeping covering dry. The harness can be adjusted so that pressure can be freed from any injured part. An illustrated booklet giving particulars of the harness and its uses can be obtained from the patentee.

46

John jirigabe

Fune ra l oj H.R.H. The Duke oj Connaught.-The repr esentative of the SubPrior, Secretary-General and the Order at the funeral of H.R.H. the Duke of Connaught and Strathearn, K.G., K.T., K.P., G.M.B., P.c., was the Chief Commissioner Brigade Overseas, Colonel James L. Sleeman, C.B., C.M.G., C.B.E., M.V.O., K.St.J.

There was something singularly fitting in this representation, seeing that Colonel Sleeman carried the Mandate of our late Grand-Prior in his Visitations to the Commanderies of Southern Africa and New Zealand during 1935-1936.

EMPIRE OF INDIA

THE AUXILIARY NURSING SERVICE, INDIA

The formati on of the Auxiliary Nursing Service by the Government of India marks a further step forward in the organisation of the res erve nursing services to meet the demands of war. The inauguration of this Service supersedes the existing Indian Vo lunt ary Aid Service which was drawn entirely from members of the Nursing Divisions of the Brigade Overseas. While admission to the new Service will not be confined to members of the Nursing Divisions of the Brigade Overseas, preference in recruitment will be given to those already enro lled in the V.A.S. Candidates wil l undergo three months' training at the hospitals to which they are allotted, but the possession of the Association's certificate in First Aid and Home Nursing will be recognised as part of the training for the purpose. The Lady District Superintendents of the Brigade Overseas will act as l ocal recruiting agents in consultation with the Nursing Superintendents of the principal local hospitals, and be responsible for the selecting and allotting of candidates to the various hospitals. The important role which Lady District Superintendents will thus be called upon to play in the development of the A.N.S. combined with the recognition of our certificates as equivalent to a portion of the training will ensure valuable collaboration between the St.john's organisation and the Auxiliary Nursing Service .

Recruitment will from the beginning be for two categories of duty: (a) General for continuous service in Military Hospitals anywhere in India (and overseas for those who specifically volunteer); and (b) local for usually noncontinuous service within such radius (not being less than ten miles) of the member's residence as she may elect in (1) Military hospitals and (2) in Civil hospitals for duties arising out of the war.

No.2 DISTRICT

Bengal.-The Calcutta City Nursing Division , the Calcutta A.R.P., the Cadets, and some members of the E.B. Ry. European Nursing Division attended a combined drill, when they were inspected by Colonel W. C. Paton, Commissioner, No. 11 District (Bengal), who addressed them on the revised V.A.D. scheme, to be known as the Auxiliary Nursing Service.

Members of the Darjeeling Nursing Division, many of whom reside in the adjoining tea estates, have arranged to stay in Darjeeling to enable them to put in some hospital work under the guidance of Mrs. S. Dodd, the acting Lady Divisional Superintendent.

The members of the K9-limpong Nursing Division held an A.R.P. demcnstration early in August. Seven teams of stretcher-bearers along with 42 members took part in the demonstrations.

The Bengal Police Sub-District has made rapid progress due to the keen interest taken in its activities by Mr. A. D. Gordon, Inspector-General of Police, and now consists of 26 Divisions with a total strength of 969 members. The various Divisions have been employed frequently on duty in connection with religious festivals, football matches, and have also taken an active part in A.R.P. duties. The Howrah Police Ambulance Division gave a demonstration of first aid during an A.R.P. demonstration staged by members of the Howrah Police.

The Darjeeling Police Ambulance Division has 1;>een very active and gave 47

several demonstrations of first aid and A.R.P. work to gatherings of school boys, clubs, festivals, etc., during the first half of the year.

NO.3 DISTRICT

Bombay.-The total strength of the Nursing Divisions in this District has risen from 73 at the beginning of the war to 290 by the end of June, 1941. Eleven new Nursing Divisions have been formed at places as far apart as Trimulgherry, Indore, Kirkee and Lallaguda. Sixty members from these Divisions were registered for full V.A.S. and 28 have been called up and are working at various hospitals. Apart from the V.A.S. scheme and normal training work, all these Nursing Divisions have rendered useful service in Civil and Military Hospitals, and the Colaba Nursing Division, in particular, has come in for high praise for its work in the Combined General Hospital at Colaba. A new Hindu Ladies' Nursing Division is being formed at Dadar. The number of ladies trained by the Association since 1939 totals 2,880, in addition to a large number that appeared for re-examinations. With the provision of 25 ambulances by local donors, for in Bombay, a Transport Unit with 47 drivers was formed in 1939. The work carried out by these women has been valuable in clearing casualties. Twenty-five members of this Unit have also volunteered to drive their ambulances in air raids under the orders of the A.R.P. authorities.

No. 7 DISTRICT

United Provinces.-Members of the No. 2 Nursing Division, Cawnpore, held 17 drills up to the end of July, at which various types of accidents were staged and the members given an opportunity to practise first aid on different kinds of injuries. Besides these practices, the members have put in 320 hours of hospital work at the Ursula Horsman Memorial Hospital, while some have, in addition, put in an extra week's training at the local British Military Hospital. The Division was inspected by Colonel Boyd, the Assistant Commissioner of the District. Sixteen members have volunteered for work at First Aid Posts during air raids.

No.9 DISTRICT

Bihar.-The half-yearly report of the Nursing Divisions of the Singbhum Sub-District shows with what enthusiasm the Nursing Divisions' are preparing for eplergency duties. Almost all the members have done intensive hospital work as probationer nurses in the various wards. Apart from the hospital courses, they attend weekly lectures on First Aid and Home Nursing and hold two to three A.R.P. demonstrations per month. It now takes only 10 minutes for every member of the Divisions to be collected for duty at the hospitals and First Aid Posts from the time the siren goes. A new Nursing Division, named the Lister Division, has been formed at Golmuri. The new headquarters of the Nursing Divisions has been fitted up into a practice' ward. This Sub-District has acquired a high mark of efficiency in A.R.P. work, due largely to the excellent initiative and lead given to it by Mr. J. J. Ghandy, the Assistant Commissioner.

REVIEW

GAS CLEANSING STATIONS. By Leslie Stewart, M.S.I.A., A.R.P.S. London: Jordan & Sons, Ltd. Price 2s. net.

This book has been written to be of service to all those who stand prepared to deal with gas casualties and covers the requirements of personnel at First Aid Posts, Hospitals, Emergency Mobile Cleansing Stations, etc.

The subject has been dealt with in an expert and practical manner and gives, in addition to the text, useful summaries, diagrams, photographs and facsimiles of books and forms. The Contents, a glance of which reveals the comprehensive and practical nature of the book, includes: Cleansing Station Design, Cleansing Procedure, Cleansing Stations at First Aid Posts, Hospital Cleansing Stations, Emergency and Mobile Cleansing Stations, Cleansing of Deceased Persons, Clothing, After Action. This book is recommended to readers of THE GAiETTE.

48

(It is proposed to set aside each month space for the inclusion of news of Cadet throughout the country. The boys and girls of to-day are our of the Adu.lt of to-morrow; and an early training in first aid, home other a,ll1ed subJects is the means of interesting them in the work which we have so much m our hves to-dayTHE EDITOR.)

A pamphlet entitled " Call to Service" has recently been issued from the Lady Superintendent-in-Chief's office drawing attention to the work which can be undertaken by Nursing Cadets. It is illustrated by numerous line drawings and sets out the many services for which young girls may be trained to help the national effort-posts in day nurseries, general hospital housecraft duties, care of evacuated children, collection of medical comforts, etc., all of which assist where the need is greatest.

PLYMouTH.-For some years past the Cadets of Plymouth have made toys and knitted blankets, clothes and bed-jackets for the local hospitals, etc. Last year they concentrated on woolly toys which were sent to the Lord Mayor for his Christmas Fund.

PAIGNToN.-Paignton Cadets have recently sent some beautifully knitted cot blankets to the Lady Superintendent-in-Chief for the" Aid to Russia Fund." This service was started in 1937 when their blankets were sent to China; subsequently they knitted for the Polish refugees and last year for Plymouth vic.tims of the blitz.

ScuNTHoRPE.-The Ambulance Cadets held their annual competition at the Corps Headquarters, seven teams of four competing. Corps Officer F. Hornsby judged the team test , whilst Corps Supt. J. H. Theaker and Div. Supt. H Beverley officiated in the individual section. Excellent work was performed by the members and the judges commented favourably on it.

" D " team· (captain, Cadet G. Chumley) won the team test with 223 marks out of a possible 310. The prize for the highest individual test was won by Cadet D. Smith with 47 marks out of a possible 50, Cadet Coggan being the runner-up with 44 marks.

CHARMINSTER.-The Charminster Nursing Cadet Division (Bournemouth Corps) recently held a " Parents' Evening" to meet the County Commissioner and for the distribution by the Lady County Superintendent of three Grand Prior's awards and 127 certificates gained by the Cadets since May last.

Unfortunately County Commission er Major Tennyson Smith was unable to be present owing to illness, but welcome was extended to Lady County Supt. Mrs. Hayes, Lady County Officer Miss Hayes, Lady County Cadet Officer Mrs. Leonard, and Lady Corps Supt. Miss Aish. Lieut.-Col. R. Beechey Newman (Commanding Officer, Sea Cadet Corps), Div. Supt. Stanley, Mrs. Holt and the Rev. C Campbell, as well as over 50 parents and friends, were also present.

It was reported that one Grand Prior's Cadet had left the Division to train as a professional nurse; two ex-senior cadets are nursing at St. Mary's, Carshalton, and one at Boscombe Hospital; another ex-Grand Prior's cadet is doing orthopcedic nursing at the Children's Hospital, Alton. Two more cadets had left to join the Women's Auxiliary Air Force, one as a Nursing Orderly. The Division was sorry to accept the resignation of Miss Ryde, the junior officer, who is now making munitions in the North of England.

Lady Cadet Supt. Miss Holt and Lady Cadet Officer Mrs. Edwards arranged the function.

HELLEsDoN.-At a well-attended concert held on January 7 and given by the Hellesdon Boy and Girl Cadet Sections, 33 cadets who recently passed their first aid examination received their certificates from Mr. Edward Bush, who also handed each cadet a box of chocolates.

Presentations were also made to Cadet Officers Miss O. G. Shorten and Miss Delaham, and Div. Supt. H. C. Cooke, who is in charge of the boys.

Among those who honoured the function with their presence were Mr. H. E. Witard (chairman of the Norwich Watch Committee) and the Deputy Chief Constable of Norwich, Supt. H. Ball. 49

MAKING USE OF THE ' SENSES IN TEACHING

By Captain A. C. White Knox, M.C., M.B., Ch.B.

Member of the Textbook Revision Committee and Assistant Commissioner, S.J.A.B.

(Continued from page 20, January , I942 issue)

Fig. 12.-Comminuted fracture.

Fig. 13.-Greenstick fracture in child's bone.

Fig. 14.-Impacted fracture.

Fig. IS.-0bjects of splinting, to prevent sharp ends causing damage.

Fig. 16.-Surface appearance of dislocation at shoulder, showing flattening effect and deformity, a common dislocation.

Fig. 17.-Red blood cells showing biconcave appearance.

Fig. 18.-White blood cells showing varying shapes.

Fig. 19.-Beaker of blood showing formation of clbt and serum. If you have the facility, obtain a bottle of fresh blood shaken to prevent clotting. Fill a tumbler with blood; obtain a cylinder of oxygen and a cylinder of carbonic acid gas and bubble the gases through the blood thus showing changes in colour.

Fig. 20.-Heart; note the auricles lie on the surface of the heart like two ears. Note coronary artery to heart itself lying between the two v,entrlcles. • 50

Essential knowledge to treat successfully ALL possible injuries

THE HOlJSEHOLD PHYSICIAN

A few of the subjects treated at length :WAR EMERGENCIES: PEACE·TIME SUBJECTS: Air Raid Precautions Influenza, etc., Measles, Mumps

Gas Warfare (Special Chart) Catarrh

Hcemorrhage

First Aid

Bandages

Splints

Burns

Scalds

Corns and Warts

What to Do in Emergencies

Skin Diseases

Hygiene, Anatomy, Pharmacy

Homc.eopathy, Neurasthenia

The Principles of Nursing

Fainting Child Welfare

375 Prescriptions, etc., etc.

ACC IDENTS-What to do in all cases. HOW TO DIAGNOSE Diseases from appem'ance oj Head, Face, Tongue, Th'l'oat, Chest, etc., etc.

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Fig. 21. - Circulation, Two halves of heart with pulmonary circulation. Aorta (A.), with systema.tic circulation (S.C.); renal circulation (R.C.), through the kidneys; and portal circulation through intestines (1.); portal vein (P.V.); liver (L.).

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Fig. 22.-Comparative thickness of walls of vein and artery.

Fig. 23.-Valves in vein open. Fig. 24.-Valves in vein closed.

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Fig. 25.-Capillary circulation from small artery through capillaries to small

Fig. 28.-Arrest of hCEmorrhage by direct 36 pressure, clot formation.

Fig. 29.-Arrest of hCEIDorrhage by indirect pressu["e against a bone.

Fig: 30.-Wound, with dressing, pad, bandage. Note importance of good big pad. 52

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Headquarters: Priory House, 4, Cathedral Road, Cardiff

GENERAL INTEREST

The position of the St. John Ambulance Brigade Cadet movement in relation to the National Registration of Youth was discussed at a meeting of the Ambulance Committee of the Priory for Wales, Order of St. John, at which Dr. D. Rocyn Jones, C.B.E., presided in Cardiff oJ:! January 27. It was thou ght that the aims and objects of the Cadet movement should be brought to the notice of the authorities concerned with the intervi ewing of young people; and the following r eso lution was passed for insertion in the account of the meeting sent to the Press :-" That the Ambulance Committee of the Priory for Wales extends to boys and girls who are registering on January 31 a cordial invitation to join the Cadet Divisions of St. John Ambulance Brigade, if they do not elect to join the A.T.C., Hom e Guard, A.R.P. or other War Organisations."

The report on the Association Department revealed that the Priory had arranged examinations for 1,305 classes in First Aid and Home Nursing held in Wales during 1941. Owing to the metal shortage, it was decided to adopt, when occasion demanded, an emergency measure introduced by the St. John Ambulance Association in England to suspend the issu e of Labels during the war period, students receivin g a voucher certifying their requalification.

For gratuitous services over considerable periods as Lecturers to Ambulance Classes, the following memb ers of the medical profession were appointed to honorary Life Membership of the Priory for Wales :-Dr. W. B. Evans (Div. Surgeon, Milford Haven), Dr. H. H . Mathias (Acting Div. Surgeon, Tenby), Dr. G. J. Bowen (Div. Surgeon, Haverfordw est), Dr. C. M. MacGeoch (Haverfordwest), Dr. E. J. Jones (Div. Surgeon, Pembroke Dock Nursing Division), Dr. D. A. Davies (Carmarthen), Dr. A. Essex (Cardiff), Dr. Mary MacKenzie Evans (Div. Surgeon, Dowlais \Vork Division), Dr. H . M. Sinclair (Div. Surgeon, Cwmdu Division), Dr. H. R. Kidd (Div. Surgeon, Nantyffyllon Division), Dr. R. D. Jones (Caersws), Dr. L. J. Moir (Cemaes Bay), Dr. S. Bloom (Div. Surgeon, Penydarren Division) and Dr. R. W. Edwards (County A.R.P. Officer, Dolgelley).

High tribute was paid to the services of the late Captain N. C. Richards (Assistant Commissioner, Bedwellty County Area), whcs 3 death on January 4 was a great loss to the Monmouthshire Centre of the Priory Reference was made to the further loss to ambulance work in Flintshire by the death of Asst. Commissioner Yarnell Davies, M.B.E., Chief Constable.

The registration was sanctioned of the following new Divisions of the Brigade :-Ambulance: Newcastle Emlyn (Cardiganshire); Brymbo (Denbighshire); Corn elly (Glamorgan). Nursing: Dafen (Carmarthenshire); Whitchurch Emergency (Glamorgan); Colwyn Bay (Denbighshire). Cadet Ambulance: Pengam (Monmouthshire). Cad et Nursing: Pentrebach and Abercanaid (Merthyr T ydfi l ).

The report of the Motor Ambulance Transport Sub-Committee which met on the previous day gave details of the services rendered at 22 car stations operating under the Priory, which d ealt with a total number of 19,055 cases involving a total mileage of 320,115 during the year ended D ecemb€r 31, 1941.

The Prineipal Secretary (the Hon. John Bruce) reported to the Council the resignation of the Lord Chancellor as Honorary Counsel. The Viscount Simon in tendering his resignation expressed his continued interest in the work of the Order, and in particular the Priory for Wales. The name of Mr. O. Templ e Morris, K.C., M.P., was recommended to the Sub-Prior (the Earl of Plymouth) fot appointment. Mr. Temple Morris is' an Officer of the Ord er and for some years held office as Treasurer of the Cardiff Centre of the Priory.

CENTRE REPORTS

EAST DENBIGHSHIRE CENTRE.-Colonel Sir Charles B. Lowther, Bart., D.S.O., J.P., presided at a meeting of the East Denbighshire Centre Committee, 54

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held in the County Buildings, Wrexham, on January 1, when he was supported by Captain R. G. Evans (Asst. Commissioner and Centre Secretary) and others.

The Ambulance Service provided by Divisions operating ambulances in East Denbighshire was discussed at length and reference was made to a decision of the Centre Committee at its meeting on October 3, 1940, when Dr. C. E. Salt (then Commissioner) gave details of the ambulances available. Dr. Salt gave as his considered opinion that, with the exception of the Cefn Mawr, Llangollen Area, East Denbighshire was extremely well served from an ambulance point of view. Since that date, the Joint War Organisation had supplied an American ambulance which had been placed in the care of the newly-formed Cefn Mawr Division. The importance of fully covering the eastern portion of the county from an ambulance point of view was emphasised; at the same time the danger was realised of having a greater number of vehicles than could be properly employed.

It was agreed that the time was opportune to go into the question of forming a Corps and that the matter be placed on the agenda for the next quarterly meeting.

GLAMORGAN CENTRE.-COrpS Secretary A. Poole is pleased to announce the formation of a new Ambulance Division at North Cornelly, to be attached to the Aberavon Corps. This welcome development was initiated by Amb. Officer 1. J. Williams, of the Porthcawl Division, to whom great credit is due for his untiring labours. The keenness shown by members present at a meeting held ' on December 22, when Asst. Commissioner D. Thomas, County Officer E. H. Howe and t};le Corps Secretary presented certificates, augurs well for a progressive Division, while there is every indication that similar efforts on the part of Mrs. M. J. Sutton will result in the registration of a Nursing Unit in the near future.

MERIONETHSHIRE CENTRE.-Admiral A Stapleton-Cotton, C.B., Honorary President of the Edeyrnion Division, formally opened the new Divisional Headquarters at Cynwyd on January 17. The building will prove a great acquisition to the Division and to the general public, the ground floor having been equipped as a first-aid post and the first floor will serve a great need as a lecture room. The President paid tribute to Div. Supt. J. Fred Owen and the Division for the amount of work they had put into the scheme; and took the opportunity of thanking Miss Twigg (Matron, Colomendy Hospital) for her kindness in instructing the male and female members in Home Nursing.

The Commissioner (Dr. E. Lewys Lloyd) spoke in terms of high praise of the enthusiastic manner in which members were carrying on their duties in difficult conditions. He inspected the Unit, expressing satisfaction with the smart appearance of the members and condition of the equipment.

MONM ouTHsHIRE CENTRE.-News of the lamented death of Captain Norman C. Richards (Asst. Commissioner of the Bedwellty County Area) has been received with deepest regret by all ranks of the Brigade in Monmouthshire and members of the Priory generally. The Commissioner (Captain S. T. Beard, O.B.E.) feels "!reenly the loss of a most efficient and promising officer, who in a comparatively short term of Brigade service had won the confidence of all and whose outstanding abilities had singled him out as a posslble successor to the Commissionership of the County. Among the representative gathering at the funeral the Priory was represented by Dr. D. Rocyn Jones, C.B.E., J.p., Director of Ambulance; and the County Commissioner and a large number of officers and members were present to pay their last tribute.

NEWS IN BRIEF

Joint County Committees of the Red Cross and St. John War Organisation in Region 8B have appointed Sir Ewen J. Maclean, M.D., T.D., J.P., D.L., and the Hon. John H. Bruce, J.p., D.L., as Joint Regional Representatives.

The six convalescent hospitals administered under Glamorgan Joint Committee, and staffed jointly by Red Cross and St. John personnel, accommodated 2,440 patients from the dates of opening to December 31, 1941.

56

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INTERESTING CASE REPORTS

CASE REPORT No. 196.-The Officer-in-Charge of the North Riding of Yorkshire S.J.A.B. reports the efficient performance of first aid by members of the Saltburn Division in the following circumstances :-

On October 30 Transport Officer VV. Brown, Pte. and another man named Bullock (a potential member of the division) were walking along a road when their attention was directed by squealing car brakes and loud shouts to , an elderly woman who had just been knocked down by a car and had sustained a badly lacerated wound of the scalp.

As it was raining hard, Pte. Sibley (who was wearing a cape) at once spread it on the ground and , the woman was gently placed on it. Transport Officer Brown in his turn covered the patient with his macintosh cape, while Bullock ran to the First Aid Depot nearby to c011ect dressings and return ed with these in a couple of minutes. Brown then left Sibley and Bullock to dress the wound whil€ he rushed away to summon our motor ambulance. Within five minutes of the accident Divisional Surgeon J. Murray took charge of the patient and the ambulance arrived.

Forty minutes later the patient was being operated on in the hospital, which is fourteen miles away from the scene of the accident. She made a good recovery and is now out of ho spital.

COMMENT.-This report relates the oft -repeated story of good work we ll done by members of the Brigade. Transport Officer Brown and his colleagues, the11 efore, merit cordial congratulations on the success which on this occasion attended thei11 efforts.-N. C. F.

CASE REPORT No. 197.-The Officer-in-Charge of th e County of Cheshire S.J.A.B. reports the efficient performance of first aid by a member of the Offerton and Great Moor Division in the folIo-wing :-

On November 22 a car was proceeding along the main Derby-Burton-onTrent road when a lady passenger, noticing the door inse curel y fastened, opened it with the intention of refastening it securely. The resistance proving too strong, the lady was thrown out on to the road and removed to shelter 'without attention.

Pte. W. Farrington, travelling in the district, was called upon for assistance and diagnosed a compound fracture of the le ft patella, accompanied by a sprained right ankle, bruises and cuts to both legs, right thigh and left arm.

Utilising the services of the lady 's husband, Pte. Farrington improvised a splint from a piece of shelf boardin g, applied a co ld compress to the right ankle , dressed all the wounds after cleansing them with surgical spirit, made tea for the patient and afterwards accompanied her to the Burton-on-Trent Infirmary, where the surgeon confirmed his diagnosis and complimented him on his treatment of the patient.

COMMENT.-Impro visa tion is the very essence of first aid; and nothing tests the efficiency of a first-aider more than the need to use whate.ver is at hand. To Pte. W. Fa1111ing ton, therefo'Ye, go cordial congratulations on his successful treatment of a gravely injured lady whereby he p'Yevented further agg'Yavation.-N. C. F.

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

POSITION OF STRETCHER BEARERS

A. M. (Streatham) .-1 should be glad of an answer to the following query which has caused discussion among my fellow-students at our First Aid Class. When lifting an injured person on to the stretcher, should beaters Nos. 2, 3 and 4 be on the injured side or on the opposite, or should it be left to No.1 to decide which position is most likely to cause less discomfort or injury to the patient?

In the process of loading and unloading a stretche'Y the " permanent II positions for beat'ers Nos. 2, 3 and 4 (as laid down in the Textbook) at'e on the left of the patient. This plan, therefo'Ye, should be adopted in all cases except when bearer 58

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RHINO-ANTIPEOL

affords rapid relief of COMMON COLDS, II FLUE JZA, AND CATARRH. Containing the antibodies of the germs common to infections of the nose and pharynx (Staphylococci, Streptococci, B.pyocyaneus , pneumococci, pneumobaci.lli, enteroc<?cci, M. catarrhalis, B.Pfeiffer) , is not just a pallI atIve, but IS a r emover of the cause of the mfection DurinO' epidemics it is the ideal preventive of microbic development. D

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No.1 has reasons for placing his fellow-beMers on the opposite side, in accordance with the footnote on p. 207 of the Textbook.-N. C. F.

FORMATION OF BLOOD CLOT

P. C. (Penarth).-At a recent examination I was asked what causes the blood to clot. As this is nG>t mentioned in the Textbook, I shall be grateful if you will give me the answer to the question. Incidentally, it was not a St. John examination.

The blood stream consists of red and white corpuscles which are Ga11ried in a clear fluid medium. In the latter there is an element which is called fibrin and which, on exposure to the air, makes a thread-like structure. This holds the corpuscles within its mesh and, as it dries, forms a blood clot.

Once or twice in a lifetime you may meet a patient in whose blood there is a deficiency of fibrin with the result that clotting of blood cannot take place. Such patients must, therefore, have iinmediate medical attention when they suffer from a wound accompanied by free bleeding.-N. c. F.

FRACTURES OF FEMUR AND LEG

Vv. R. (Amb'ergate).-I have been asked by my members the reason for the different sequence in the application of the bandages in the treatment of fractured femur, namely, with the femur A feet, B chest, C pelvis, D feet, whereas in that for fractured tibia, when assistance is available, the bandages are first applie& above and below the fracture.

(2) Also, I have been asked if SL"C bandages are to be used when one has to treat, single-handed, a patient suffering from fracture of tibia.

I know that these appear to be trivial questions; but I consider that an official reply has the best effect.

(1) The golden rule in the treatment of fractures of limbs is: "first fix the fracture, then the splint (or splints), and finally the limb." The seque n ce of bandaging a fractured leg conforms to this rule.

With a fractured femur there is a definite risk of aggravation of injury unless the body of the victim is immobilised. Consequently the patient is kept lying flat on his back; and, his feet and ankles being fixed with a figure-of-eight bandage, the remaining bandages are tied in sequence from above down. Thereby, the danger of moving the broken fragments of the femur is reduced to a minimum.

(2) When you are single-handed you should use six bandages in the treatment of fractured tibia.-N. C. F.

EXTENSION OF LOWER LIMB

G. C. (Surbiton) .-In the treatment of a fractured leg with bone protruding, would it be good first aid to tie the patient's ankles and feet together, and so to immobilise the limbs, or would this . tend to cause extension?

This question was raised at a recent meeting of our class; and as we could not agree we ask the favour of your kind ruling.

Properly applied, the figwye-oj-eight bandage round the patient's ankles and feet cannot, in my opinion, cause extension of the lower fragment with fractures of the lower limb.

Further, I base my ruling on the facts that the first turn of this bandage has the effect of bringing both feet more or less into apposition and that the second turn round the feet cannot then exert any downward puZZ.-N. C. F.

SILVESTER METHOD

C. R. (Bradwell).-I was taught in 1906 by the Officer of the Cromer Rocket Brigade, and subsequently by our S.lA.B. Officer, that, after pressure downon the patient's chest to expel the air, I should bring the arms upwards from the chest towards me and in an arc sweeping outwards and downwards touch the elbows on the floor opposite the ears.

I taught this movement later on in Cromer and in the Melton Constable area for 23 years till 1937. Then on coming to Y armou th and starting teaching in 1938 I was soon" checked up " as being wrong by local first-aiders, both S.J.A.B. and civilian; and having recently been doing some teaching in the 60

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Lowestoft area, I find in some parts the same movement used as prevailed in the Yarmouth area. This is as follows :-

After the pressure on the chest they do not lift the patient's arms up from the chest but slide €)ff the sides down to the floor and then sweep upwards along the floor till the elbows are level with the ears and then come upwards , inwards and downwards, somewhat as per book.

Some of them put very little pressure on the chest t o expel the air but just touch the front sides of the chest and slide off without the necess ary two seconds pause and pressure. They are obsessed by the words" sweeping movement 11 towards you, and give th a t as their reason for sweeping the floor with the sleeve of the upper arm from the sides upwards to the ear level, ignoring the" upwards 11 from the chest, which to me is plainly indicated in the Textbook.

You a1'e pe1jectly 1'ight in condemning the full sweep of the pat'ient's elbows along the ground because this causes practically no expansion of the chest wall (which is the chief obJ'ect of Silvester's method) and its exponents rely mainly on the pressure on the chest ' wall to restart breathing.

In the J anuary issue of THE GAZETTE I related the history oj Silvester's method and stated that its description has never been the same. It certainly never was set out in full detail I So when the Royal Life Saving Society decided to re-i n troduce Silvester's method into its handbook, the late Mr. A. C. P. Handover, who represented the Soc iety, Nlr. George E. Craft, who is now Editor of THE GAZETTE, and I met together in Ju ne, 1940, and tried to produce a foolproof and fully deta1:led description,

On the point which you raise, we decided that it was better to tell students to pull the patient's a11ms pa1,tially upwards, partially outwards thrmtg h a path which makes an angle of 45 degrees with the g1'ound, until they could p,'es s the patient's el bo ws on the ground and to 1 1 eturn through the same path until they could press the elbows firmly on the patient's chest wall. By this means the patient's chest wall wou ld be expanded and air would be d, awn into the lungs.

Finally, we cong1'atulate you on your long record of service as an instructor and demonstrator.-N. C. F.

LIFTING STRETCHER

C. R. (Bradwell).-On p. 312 of the Textbook under L ift Stretcher the instruction reads: ". and holdin g it (the sling) at full length of the arm. 11 With reference to this I was taught, and have since taught, that this movement meant that bearers Nos. 1 and 3 (then) and Nos. 2 and 4 (now) grasp the slings, rise smartly to gether with the arms "full length 11 down by the side of the leg and side pace between the handl es . To me "full length 11 is merely to ensure uniformity and neatness of movement between the two bearers.

I am told that here also I am wrong. At competitions and drills in these parts the bearers rise and stretch the arms out full length to the right on a level with the shoulder and keep them stretched out in this position till they have side-paced between the handles.

I consider this more spectacular than neat. Which method is correct? Meanwhile, I thank yo u in anticipation of yo ur kind replies.

The method favoured by you is correct; and before now in competitions I have deducted marks for the method which you say prevails in the Yarmouth and Lo westoft areas-and which I regard as theatricall-N. C. F.

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In TO OBTAIN UNIFORMS FOR bFFICERS & MEMBERS, an arrangement has been made between the, Board of and the St. John Ambulance Association, 0 whic can obtained from the Officer in charge.

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E.C.4. for the VENERABLE

VOL. 15. NO.3 MARCH, 1942

CONTENTS:

EDITORIAL

A WARDS FOR GALLANTRY DURING AIR-RAIDS

PHYSIOLOGY IN FIRST AID

LONDON ' MIDLAND & SCOT.TISH RAILWAY

ON ACTIVE SERVICE

CIVIL DEFENCE SERVICES

REVIEW

THE KNIGHTS OF ST. JOHN"

OBITUARY

THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRIGADE AT-HOME

THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRIGADE OVERSEAS

PRIORY FOR WALES

MAKING USE OF THE SENSES IN TEACHING

CADET NEWS

MARKING SHEET

INTERESTING CASE REPORTS

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

EDITORIAL OFFICES:

ST. JOHN'S GATE, LONDON, E.C l.

(All reports, etc., should reach the Editor not later than the 28th of the month.)

PUBLISHING OFFICES: 11-13, BREAM ' S BUILDINGS, LONDON, E.C.4.

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S.J.A. B. UNIFORM

if you want to be sure you are getting the best MADE TO YOUR OWN MEASURES BY EXPERTS

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Glasgow - III, Union Street

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Ed,ited by GEORGE E. CRAFT, F.R.S.A.

VOL. 15. NO.3 MARCH, 1942

EDITORIAL

The problem of the correct method of first aid training of Civil Defence personnel is one on which much time has been spent without a satisfactory solution being reached. There are some who think that a few lectures alone are sufficient, or that field emergency measures are quite good enough; whilst a more rational group considers that a full knowledge of the subject is not only advisable but definitely essential.

We are in agreement ""ith the latter.

How can one practice field emergency methods, whatever that might actually mean, unless one is fully trained? How can one diagnose an injury unless one can assess the signs and symptoms of the case, and surely treatment depends on diagnosis.

Our official textbook has proved its worth during the past two years of war; and the .very first paragraph of its instructions clearly defines the legitimate scope of first aid.

To-day, however, the words t/ First Aid" have taken on themselves a different meaning from that implied during times of peace; or perhaps it would be more to say that certain persons have construed the words as meaning something quite different from that which is intended. First aid is, as the words imply, the assistance which can be applied with whatever material is readily available, before the arrival of medical assistance. That is all; -there are no ifs or buts, and first aiders are not medical students or trained nurses.

We contend that providing one has passed an examination in first aid as laid down by the St. John rules and regulations, and continues to keep efficient after the examination, that person is ready to render assistance under any circumstances. He knows the immediate methods of controlling hcemorrhage, the means of treating injuries without orthodox appliances, and, indeed, sometimes even ignoring them when available in the interest of speed and efficiency. Providing the first chapter of the textbook is clearly understood, any St. John first aider can render efficient aid under peace or wartime conditions.

We will concede one point: in teaching personnel who will have to deal with air raid casualties only, it is not necessary for them to have a knowledge of such subjects as snake and rabid animal bites and poisons. But the extra time involved in teaching these subjects is so small, however, that surely it is justified on t!le grounds of completing one's first aid education. We say, then, let all personnel have a sound ground work in first aid training and then it will be a very easy matter to instruct them that in certain emergencies accepted principles may occasionally be modified or even omitted .-THE .

Awards for Gallantry During Air

On February 11 Her Majesty the Queen, Commandant-in-Chief Nursing Corps and Divisions, graciously presented gallantry awards of the Order to seventeen men and three women. The ceremony took place at Buckingham Palace before Executive Officers of the Order and friends of the , recipients.

Her Majesty received the Sub-Prior, who presented the following officers :The Earl of Clarendon (Chancellor), Major-General Sir Percival Wilkinson (Secretary-General), Brigadier-General Sir Joseph Byrne (Director of Ambulance), Colonel Woolrych Perowne (Hospitaller), Colonel E. J. King (Librarian), Mr. E. H. Freshfield (R egistrar), Major-General the Earl of Shaftesbury (Director of Ceremonies), Major-General Sir John Duncan (Chief Commissioner, Brigade At-Home), Colonel J. L. Sleeman (Chief Commissioner, Brigade Overseas), Brigadier W. B. G. Barne (Secretary), Mr. D. G. Monteith (Assistant Secretary), Mr. H. '1\T. Fincham (Assistant Librarian), Mrs. St. John Atkinson (Lady Superintendent-in-Chief, Brigade At-Home), and the Hon Mrs. Copland-Griffiths (Lady Superintendent-in-Chief, Brigade Overseas).

Lord Scarbrough related the facts concerning each recipient 's work to Her Majesty, who addressed each one in turn and thanked them for the work they had done.

The recipients, and the honours granted by the Order, was as follows :Serving Brother

LEO THOMAS MARCH, Corps Superintendent, vVarwickshire Central (Coventry) Corps, S.J .A.B.

GEORGE JAMES CREECH, Assistant County Commissioner, County of Bristol, S.J.A.B.

JACK SEIDENBERG, M.B.E ., M RC.S., L.RC.P., Divisional' Surgeon, N.o. 76 (East London) Nursing Division, S.J .A.B.

JOHN GEORGE LONGSTAFF, Divisional Superintendent, Nottingham Corps, S.J.A.B.

vVILLIAM LOUIS MURRAY BIGBY, M.B.E., M.B., M.RC.S., Corps Surgeon, Southampton Corps, S.J .A.B.

HUBERT SIDNEY ALFRED THOMAS, Corps Superintenden t, Southampton Corps, S.J .A.B.

JOHN SHA\"l, Divisional Superintendent, Belfast Corporation Electricity Department Division, S.J .A.B . A ssociate Serving Brother

DR. NOAH PINES, Divisional Surgeo n, No. 30 (East London) Nursing Division, S.J.A.B.

Life Saving Medal in S i lver

REGINALD GEORGE PARR, Divisional Superintendent, Plymouth Stonehouse Division, S.J .A. B.

Life Saving Medal in Bronze

SAMUEL O. PETERS, Ambulance Officer, Carnmenellis and Stithians Division, S.J.A.B.

HAROLD K. YOUNG, Private, CarnmenelJis and Stithians Division, S.J.A.B.

JAMES FRANCIS, Private, Liverpool Gainsborough Division , S.J.A.B.

RICHARD FREDERICK PLUMBLEY, Private, Liverpool Gainsborough Division, S.J.A.B.

MICHAEL LEO HARWOOD, Private, Liverpool Gainsborou gh Division,S.J.A.B. Certificates of Honour

EDWIN TAYLOR, Ambulance Officer, City of Coventry Division, S.J.A.B.

MARGARET DREGHORN, Lady Divisional Superintendent, Hospital Fund Nursing Division, Coventry, S.J.A.B.

MONA FINLAY, Ambulance Sister, Hospital Fund Nursing Division, Coventry, S.J.A.B.

CYRIL D. JOHNSON, Fire vVatcher, St. John's Gate.

STANLEY BRUNNING, Private, Gorleston and Southtown Division, S J.A.B.

MARJORIE JOYCE FAIRFAX , Ambulance Sister, Sheffield "A" Nursing Division, S.J .A.B.

Following the presentations the recipients and their friends were entertained by the Order at tea at 12, Grosvenor Crescent, where Executive Officers and others congratulated the members on the excellent work.

PHYSIOLOGY IN FIRST AID

I By M. M. Scott, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P.

(1Vlember of the Textbook Revision Committee and Divisional SU1'geo,n, S.J.A .B.)

Physiology may be described as the study of the functions of the body during its normal activity. Its relationship to first aid may not appear to be apparent at first sight, and yet without a knowledge of the circulation of the blood, it would be impossible for the first aider to control haemorrhage scientifically. The more advanced student cannot be blamed for wanting to know something more , about the human body that he is called upon to treat · in emergency, and the following article is therefore the first of a series which will appear from time to time dealing with some physiological aspects of first aid interest.

THE SKIN

The skin is the superficial covering of the human body, but it should not be looked upon merely as a protective layer, because in fact it fulfils several other important functions.

It is attached to the underlying tissues by the subcutaneous tissue which in some places firmly anchors it (as in the palm of the hand), but which for the most part allows it to move freely.

Structure

Microscopic examination reveals that the skin is composed of numerous layers of cells, but these are differentiated so as to form two groups-the outer forming the epidermis; and the inner forming the dermis, or true skin.

The Epidermis.-This is continuous at the lips, nostrils and anus with the living, or mucous membrane, of the respiratory and alimentary tracts. The deepest cells are cubical in shape, but as they reach the surface they gradually become flattened, hard and horny. The superficial layers become shed by friction and wear, and are automatically replaced by fresh growth from the deeper layers. The epidermis contains no blood vessels and is insensitive to pain, although it contains some of the nerve endings of the sense of touch. The hair and nails are formed by mqdifications of the horny layers.

The Dermis or True Skin.-Jhis forms the greater part of the skin and is a somewhat complex structure. It is composed of a meshwork of. connective tissue in which are to be found sweat glands, sebaceous gland and hair follicles, nerve endings, and an abundant supply of capillaries.

The more superficial layers present numerous projections called Papillce which point into the epidermis, thus causing interlocking. These papillce are extremely vascular, and forin the patterns which are utilised in " finger prints."

The Sweat Glands.-These take the form of long coiled tubes, which open on to the pores on the surface of the skin. They excrete the " sweat," which is a product of metabolism, and which becomes absorbed by clothing or evaporated. Should metabolism be increased, as in exercise, the excretion of sweat becomes considerable.

The Hair Follicl es are tubular depressions of the epidermis, each containing a hair. Strands of fine muscle are attached to them, which, by contraction, cause the hair to (( stand on end."

The Sebaceous Glands excrete an oily substance-the sebum, which serves to grease the skin. Some open into the hair follicles , while others open independently on to the skin surfaces.

All the blood vessels of the skin are situated in the dermis. Here also are to be found the nerve endings of the sense of touch and of pain

The Functions of the Skin

The most obvious function of the skin is protection-the healthy unbroken skin being a magnificent barrier against disease-producing germs. This is due to the hard horny epidermis which will gradually increase in thickness to meet the needs of individl,lal activity. A professional gardener may, therefore, use a spade with impunity, whereas the occasional amateur soon 70

develops blistered and cracked hands, with all attendant complications. The skin is likewise rendered waterproof by the secrehon of the sebaceous glands, which not only prevents the entrance of water from the outside, but also serves to protect body fluids from escaping. . . . .

Another extremely important fun chon of the skIll IS the regulatIOn of body temperature. The normal temperature of the body is 98.4 degrees F., and although slight variations do occur in health, usually as a result of temporary factors, extremes of temperature one way or the other will seriously impair health, or even cause death. The skin assists in the preservation or loss of heat according to the body needs. .

Should the body become overheated, the blood vessels in the dermis dilate, so that more blood is brought to them, and the skin becomes flushed. Heat is therefore lost by increased radiation and convection, and as a result of the increased sweating produced, there is also increased loss by evaporation providing the surrounding air is not too humid to prevent this from occurring.

Should it be necessary to preserve the body heat, precisely the reverse occurs. There is decreased radiation and convection , and by a decrease in the activity of the sweat glands, there is diminished evaporation. In connectio n with the latter factor, it is interesting to note that when sweating is decreased there is an increase in the amount of urine excreted.

The nerve endings in the skin are able to convey to the brain impressions of temperature and pain, and pressure. The importance of this is paramount, although it should be appreciated that the sensitivity of the structure varies considerably over different parts of the body.

The skin must also be regarded as an organ of excretion, sweat, water and salts and certain impurities being eliminated by it. It can also absorb certain substances in a limited way, the principle being utilised in the method of inunction as taught in Home Nursing.

Finally, on exposure to sunlight or ultra-violet light, the skin manufactures vitamin D from certain of its component structures. This process causes pigmentation or sunburn, and is the principle underlying sunbathing.

Conclusion.-The skin must be regarded not only as a protective covering for the body but also as an important organ, the normal functions of which are essential to health.

In a subsequent article it is hoped to discuss" The Skin in Diagnosis."

London Midland and Scottish Railway

HORWICH WORKS.-Awards gained at the Horwich Works during the year 1941 were distributed at a concert and dance held during January. Mr. M. G. Burrows, Assistant to the Works Su}? erintend e nt, presided, supported by Mr. H. C. Hesley, representing the L.M.S. Railway Ambulance Centre. The awards, which were distributed by Mr. D. Williamson, Works Superintendent, included 1 preliminary certificate, 31 certificates, 44 vouchers, 15 medallions, 63 lab els and 1 gold bar.

SOMERS TowN.-On February 7 a competition was held at Somers To>'1D. open to members of that class and also members of the Camden Goods Section. The judges were Mr. G. E. Craft (practical) and Mr. H. R. Potter (viva voce). Mr. H. Sugg, ambulance class secretary, arranged the function and announced the result, which was: 1, M Dix; 2 (tied), K. H. Small and A. G. Bauchamp; 3, A. F. Alcock.

Thanks were extended to the judges and those who had assisted

ON ACTIVE SERVICE

The Commissioner of No.1 District, S.J.A.B., has been advised that Private Henry George Proctor, of the L.P.T.B. West Division, has been reported missing from H.M.S. Prince of Wales.

The Commissioner of No.4 (Lancashire) District, S.J.A.B., has been advised that Major T. E. Spencer, R.A., who was District Clerk in the Commissioner's office, has been posted as missing.

The County Commission er, East Riding of Yorkshire, regrets to announce the death of Private D C. Jackson, ·- of the Malton and Norton Division, in a Prisoner of War Camp in Germany on Christmas Day last.

CIVIL DEFENCE SERVICES

w. c. Bentall, O.B.E., F.R.C.S., F.R.G.S.

MORE GROWTH IN THE SERVICES OF THE CIVIL DEFENCE

.Mobility in the functiOlling of our Services is a higher note in the harmony of Its grovvth, and we must watch that our lack of any co-operation does not produce discord and hinder grow-th.

The follo.wi?g are some of points where these developments are proceeding apace, and It IS of our Job to. watch these things, loyally follow them up, and, as ff,r as poss).ble, put them Into our practice.

First Aid Points.-These sman dressing stations, started as far back as 1937, are undergoing through<?ut the country. Many of these points had been In addItIon those whIch were" official." They were opened by the voluntary gIfts, and services of large numbers of. people in our rural dIstncts In order that unexpected needs of casualties might be dealt with.

Some of these unofficial points have already been converted into official ones. Others, of.the already official points, have been ct up-graded" and supplied with more eqUIpment. These are becoming associated with the casualty for the Home Guard m many places. In others they are making very for the of our Mobile Posts, should many casualties anse m theIr area, necessltatIng the ordering out of the Mobile Post to deal with them. This use is one most valuable, because our Mobile Posts should always have many suitable unloading and operating places in remote rural for wh,ich are especially suitable, should unexpected bombing, parachutIsts, or mvaSIOn occur in such areas.

First Aid attention is being paid to the higher training of the leaders of FIrst AId PartIes. The experience of blitzes has shown what new developments are necessary for the work of the leaders of parties, to sort their cases, always looking out for those who are liable to die most quickly. This is called " priority of sorting cases," and calls for much practice and e:xpenence, and cannot be learned from the study of first aid books of the peacetIme character, .such as our. standard works in first aid. In order to give this work due prommence, RegIOnal Schools have been set up by the Ministry of Home Security where leaders of parties are able to come to the Regional Centre for a whole week to have intensive trainin g, and also in co-operation with leaders of Rescue Parties.

This leads us to a further development, namely, the co-operative trainin a and work of leaders of First Aid Parties and leaders of Rescue Parties. It has been proved essential that all the different services should be ready to play each hands, understand how to work together, and playa team ' spmt to obtam the best result in life-saving.

Women members are in some places being us ed with the men of the First Aid Parties owing to the increasing shortage of men. Their work is exceedingly and undoubtedly proved much better than had been thought possible. Thls sh?ws the need .of our :women members who are physically strong practIsmg theIr stretcher drills, WhICh, of course, has not hitherto been part of their regular training. This may also mean that the eight hours' shift for women may, in some cases, become twelve hours, although this does not appear to be an official ruling, but where practice proves it necessary, and all workers are agreeable, it is not likely to be stopped. First Aid Posts.

(1) Some Fixed Points are being blended with Mobile Posts. There are two reasons make this wise: firstly, the decreasing number of available persemnel owmg t<:> both the men and women in their younger years joining up in the older servIces, and secondly, because experience has shown that Fixed Posts may be and are then forced to act in a mobile capacity, and also that the eXlstmg Mobile Posts may be more used both in the towns and country.

(2) Some of our Fixed Aid Posts, owing again to falling numbers in personnel, are being taken over by hospitals in which they had been stationed. This leaves behind a smaller staff and assumes the full nursing staff of the hospital or the resident doctors being available, and the former nurses and doctors at the Post had gone into other services. This is involving much extra work on the hospital side, and we should be grateful for this increased willingness to co-operate with the old attitude of such posts.

(3) ct Light Units" are, in some places, replacing Mobile Posts. This is the result of experience sho'wing that it is very often a better procedure for a doctor with a trained nurse and one or two auxiliaries to go off quickly to some blitzed area to deal with urgent casualties, under which circumstances they would take the heavy responsibilities of the leaders of the First Aid Parties already there when the number and severity of casualties overtakes their possibiljty of dealing with them.

Transport. The alterations in this service have already been referred to in these articles, suc h as the altering of some of the stretcher fitments of the ambulances to accommodate sitting cases due to the fact that sitting car cases are becoming less valuable owing to the evacuation of car owners or the need for lying them up with petrol shortage, and also that in the event of gas attacks, a sitting case car is finished after it has taken one gas case and contaminated all its upholst ery; also that ambulances have often gone to the hospitals with only one or two out of their four stretcher equipments occupied. More emphasis is being laid on the fact that all stretcher cases in ambulances go direct to hospitals, and sitter cars and walking cases go to Posts.

The speedy ct sorting" of casualties by the leaders of parties on this decision and action saves much valuable time, lessens the risk of incr easing shock, and saves much confusion at both posts and hospitals, which invariably happens when the opposite procedure occurs.

These various developments are the outcome of what might be called in the servi.ces .a " staff ruling." They are the outcome of warfare experience and mvesbgatIOn. Rank and file in the Army and Navy do not criticise staff ruling-not in wartime, anyway.

REVIEW

FIRST Am IN WAR. By F. A. Hawksworth. London: Dal e, Reynolds & Co., Ltd. Price Sd. net.

This is yet another war book which has been compiled by a layman, in this mstance a Corps Superintendent of the Brigade. Like others of its class it seeks to meI?bers of the Civil Defence Services ways in which first aid may best ?e modified m the treatment of casualties, especially durin g air raids. It makes mteresting reading because it is based on experience, and it should prove useful and acceptable to those for whose benefit it has been written.

"THE KNIGHTS OF ST. JOHN"

?,-,his is the latest film of the work of the St. John Ambulance Brigade which the Mmistry of Information has selected for inclusion in their theatrical series. It is being shown throu gho ut the c?untry, first at the larger cinemas and gradually working down to provmcial ones. At present it has not been included in the nontheatncal se nes, but sho uld tIllS be decided upon it will be possible to loan copies for non -theatrical showing.

regarding the film can be obtained from the Film Division, Ministry of InformatIOn, Uwversity Buildings, Malet Street, London, W.C.2.

Obituary

The Chief Commissioner regrets to announce the death on February 6 of Dr. 'V. F. Fryer, County and Acting .Commissioner for Suffolk. Dr. Fryer has given and devote? serVJce to the Bngade both as Cou nty Surgeon and Acting ComIDlSSIOner, and his death removes an officer from the Brigade who it \vill be difficult to replace.

The .death is also. of Capt. G. W. Kendall, M.D., who for many years was ASSIstant ComIDlssIOner, Eastern Area, No 1 District, S.J.A.B. 73

utue st. 31 obn

HEADQUARTER NOTICES

ANNUAL RETURNS.-Divisions who have not yet submitted their annual returns for 1941 should do so at once. These should be sent to the officer concerned in the County.

SERVICE MEDALs.-The Service Medal will not be issued during the war. The certificate of Award and Medal ribbons only will be issued.

UNIFORM RATIONING.-Responsible officers should note that the second instalment of coupons is now due and should be forwarded to the Brigade Office, St. John's Gate, Clerkenwell, E.C.I, as soon as possible. '

Applications for Coupons held in Credit.-Members applying for a further coupon equivalent must do so on UCE/I, which must be clearly marked Second/Third application.

Newly Promoted Officers.-Application for coupon equivalent Schedules 2b and 2c made on UeE/i MUST give date of promotion and the following added to the Responsible Officer's "I certify that this member is not in possession of a uniform suitable to his rank."

To avoid delay, all enquiries and completed DCE/I's to be sent to the Brigade Secretary, St. John's Gate, Clerkenwell, E.C.l, and not to the Stores Department.

Sister Dora Caps.-Rationed, two coupons each.

Registration for Future Benefit.-This must be made on DCE/I for each person and coupons attached. Six coupons only are required for the remainder of the coupon year (to August 31 next). Mark back of DCE / I " Registration only "

Goods from S evera l Suppliers.-Only one UCE / l should be used, but list of goods required from each supplier must be clearly marked on the back.

Under no circumstances may the Coupon Equivalent, as sent out from the Brigade Office, be altered. If an alteration is necessary the Coupon Equivalent must be returned to Headquarters with particulars.

No. 1 (PRINCE OF WALES'S) DISTRICT

CHANGE OF ADDRESS: On and after Monday , March 30th, the address of No.1 (Prince of Wales's) District Headquarters will be 97, St. John Street, Clerk en well, E.C.l. No correspondence should be forwarded to Northwood after the 25th March.

HORNSEY.-The 102 (Borough of Homsey) Nursing Division held its annual general meeting on January 30. In the absence, through illness, of the President (Miss M. Gill. M.B.E.), the chair was taken by Div. Surgeon Margaret Trotter. Officers present were Lady Div. Supt. Miss K. A. Cleasby, Lady Amb. Officers Miss A. E. Hurrell (treasurer) and Mrs. Docwra (secretary), Miss G M. Lucken, and Nursing Officer Mrs. Townsend.

Features of a very satisfactory rep ort were that ten new members had helped to swell the Division's hospital duty hours from 1,994 in 1940 to 6,117 in 1941; that 16 Cadets had enrolled under Cadet Officer Miss Kathleen Birkett; an additional Cadet Section was to be opened the following week in Muswell Hill. TOTTENHAM.-On Thursday, January 29, a lecture was given at the headquarters of the No. 157 (Tottenham) Division by Mr. T. Veevers-Thompson, of the Library of the Order at St. John's Gate, whose subject was" The History of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem." The lecture was illustrated by a beautiful series of lantern slides. Councillor A. J. Lynch, J.P. (Divisional President) presided, being accompanied by Councillor Mrs. Lynch (Vice-President, B.R.C.S.). Among those present were Officer S. H. Collins, Div. Surgeon G. M. Shaw Smith, Supt. W. P. West. Amb. Officer C. J. Singleton, Amb. Officer T. Lewis (No. 71 Division), Lady Supt. Miss D. B. Parish and Nursing Officer Mrs. Howe (No. 56N Division), together with members of these Divisions. Many friends interested in the work of the Brigade filled the hall and listened with great interest as Mr. Thompson reviewed the history of the Order from its , earliest days

After the lecture a collection was taken for Mrs. Churchill's" Aid to Russia" Fund. 58/5 (WESTERN POSTAL AND ST. MA1.<YLEBONE) DIVISION AND THE 115 (ST . JOHN'S WOOD) NURSING DIVISION.-These two Divisions held a combined social gathering on Saturday, February 21, at the Langham Hotel. Owing to Civil Defence and other duties it is not possible for the members to meet so often as in the past and so this function was arranged and proved a great success. Those present included the Mayor and Mayoress of St. Marylebone (Alderman and Mrs. Timmins), Alderman Stiles Allen (Vice-Pre sident, 58/5 Division) and Mrs. Allen, Councillor Dean, Assistant Commissioner Capt. R. V. Steele, Lady District Supt. Miss \-]"Talker, County Surgeon B. L. Steele, District Officer McBride and Mrs. McBride, Lady District Officer Mrs. Tapley. Dr. R. Porter (Vice-President, Nursing Division), Div. Surgeon Cove-Smith and Mrs. Cove-Smith, Amb. Officers West, Dare and Mason, Lady Amb. Officers Tilbrook, 74

Biggs and Woodman, together with representatives . of the Civil Defence , and other bodies.

Div. Supt W. V. M. Allen and Lady Div. Supt. Mrs. Allen thanked all present for their attendance, whilst the Mayor voiced the pleasure of the guests .

No.2 DISTRICT

COOKHAM.-On Sunday, February 15, the Dedication Ceremony of the Cookham Division's Ambulance Service took place outside the Holy Trinity Church. After attending Evensong members of the Brigade and the congregation assembled around the new ambulance (in charge of Corpl. C. Taylor), where the Vicar, the Rev. B. H. Hayward-Browne, conducted the ceremony.

The parade comprised members of the Cookham Ambulance Division (under Supt. A. J. Gardner), the Nursing Division (under Lady Supt. Mrs Beare). the Cadet Division (under Cadet Officer C. Hatch), whilst representative of the Bourne End Ambulance Division (under Supt. H. Rixon) , and Maidenhead Nursing Division (Lady Supt. Mrs. Claydon), also Home Guards marched to the church headed by the Maidenhead Salvation Army Band (Bandmaster W. Steventon). At the church the parade was met by County Commissioner C. A. Poole, Lady County Supt. Marchioness of Milford Haven, Lady County Secretary Mrs Porter, and County Officer H. F. Skidmore. No.3 (EASTERN) DISTRICT

LUToN.-Each of the Ambulance Divisions in the Vauxhall Motors Corps has an Attendance and Efficiency Cup. which is competed for annually. There is also a trophy for the best member in the whole Corps.

As the title denotes, attendance counts for much in awarding these cups; in fact, during 1941 the only members eligible were those who had not missed a single drill or practice. It also stipulated that winners must have secured efficiency under Section X, Clause 212, Brigade Regulations.

Twenty-four candidates in all submitted themselves to oral and practical tests set and conducted by Corps Officer McEvoy. "Whilst these tests were based fairly on the " little black-book" marks were awarded for improvisation and efficiency of the type expected under present conditi ons In one test a minimum of equipment was provided; in another it was completely dark

The winners were as follows :-Div. I, Div. Secretary J. Allen; Div. 2, Private G. Heley; Div. 3, Private R. "V. \\lard; Nursing Div., Amb. Sister Miss E. Merrett.

Following these Divisional contests, the various winners had to essay a further trial of skill against each other to decide the holder of the Corps Secretary's Cup for the best members throughout the whole Corps.

Again oral and practical tests were conducted by the Corps Inspector of TraininO', and in a very close contest Private G. Heley won the trophy for 1941, with Amb. Sister Miss Merrett only two points behind.

It is neither easy nor usual to sta ge contests of this kind between personnel of Ambulance and Nursing Divisions, but the Vauxhall Corps officers take the view that it assists greatly in spreading a co-operative and progressive spirit for all members to have an opportunity of competing for inter-Divisional trophies.

No.4

(LANCASHIRE) DISTRICT

Hearty congratulations are extended to Assistant Commissioner Dr. R. Clegg on his promotion in the Order to the grade of Knight. Dr. Clegg has given invaluable service to the Brigade and prior to becoming a member of the District Staff was Corps Surgeon to the Accrington Corps from its inception. In 1904 the Accrington Headquarters, one of the finest in the country, was opened by Sir Robert S. Baden-Powell (later Lord Baden-Powell, the Chief Scout), and it is the veteran officer's boast that on that occasion he was the first Brigade Surgeon to act as mounted officer on parade. He is also proud of obtaining a first aid certificate while still a pupil at the Burnley Grammar SchooL During a long and honourable career of service Dr. Clegg has acted as Superintendent of a Fire Brigade, a Major of the Boys' Brigade, and during the !914-1918 war was a surgeon on the staff of the Military Hospital, Whalley. No longer m the heyday of youth, in 1937 he qualified at a Home Office School as Instructor

C.A.G.S., and last year took the Fire Fighting Course and qualified as Instructor A.R.P.S.

Such is the spirit of the stalwarts of the Brigade, to whom we say, very humbly but sincerely, "Thank you! "

LONGVIEw.-The first annual general meeting of the Longview Ambulance and Nursing Divisions was held last month, when Div. Surgeon A. Chein presided in the absence of the President, Mr. D. Green.

Extracts from the report show that the strength of the Ambulance Division was 30 and that of the Nursing 20. The number of public duties performed was 1,360 (840 by the men and 520 by the n.urses), the number of cases treated being 46. Various social functions had been organised by Dr. Clein, Amb. Officer Roberts and members of the

and as a result ISs. was forwarded to the Huyton After-Care of Tuberculosis C?mmlttee, £.10 5s. to LIverpool Personal Service (Huyton branch), and £2 ISs. to the LIverpool Child Welfare Association.

Supt. J Lunt gave a history of the Division, which was organised in February 1941, the work of the Divisional treasurer (Amb. Officer VV. E. Roberts) and D1VIsIOnal se.cretary (Mr. J. Atkinson).

Lady MISS .gave a survey of the Nursin g Division, whilst Mrs. Mills (V.lce-Presldent, N';1rsmg DIVIsIOn) a vote of thanks to Dr. Clein, who, in reply, SaId that after hecmng of the work which had been performed, practically and financially, not find words worthy enough tc) praise the officers and members of the DIVISIOns.

No.5 DISTRICT

from the various reports of the Wetherby Nursing Division are follows members are on F.A. Posts and Points; 4 with Mobile F.A. Units; 3 the .Nurse; 7 are drivers; 10 are nursin g full-time and 5 addItion to those domg full-tIme nursin g , a total of 2,050 hours was also spent m hospItal work by other members. The number of accidents treated during the past year was 108. A skeleton staff undertake duties at the Rest Centres. T,:",C) memb:rs spent a :week m doin g relief work at the Y.M.C.A. Hostel, WestwIth the GUIde MobIle team. Inspections were held during the year and satIsfactory reports were received .

The Keswick Section continues to do good work. Five members do parttime nursmg .at the Convalescent at Scarcroft, and one at the Harrogate General HospItal. hours were put m by members in hospital during the year.

Among other actIVItIes three sacks of books and magaz ines were despatched to the Leeds Depot .

No.6 DISTRICT

RRouGH.-The. Brough and District Division last month held what was felicitously referred to by ASSIstant .County G Edwards as the first birth day party. Mr. A . H. Ransome preSIded dunn g the evemng the following warrants of appoin tment were :-Presldent, Mr. Arnold Reckitt; Vice-President, Mr. W . A . Massey; Supenntendent, Mr. H. Rankine; Ambulance Officer, Mr. W. J. Mowforth Mr. W. A. Andrew (now with H.M. Forces) ; Secretary, Mr. J. A. Fenwick (smce resI gned) .

Supt . Rankine that during the year considerable progress had been made. Four memb ers were WIth the Forces, three on national work, a Cadet section had been formed under Mr. F. Marsden! and steps were being taken to form a Nursing Division.

County Secretary A. R. Lld g ley proposed the toast to the Division, to which Div. Surgeon G. Thompson replied.

No.7 DISTRICT

the first time in the hist ory of the Herefordshire ambulance competItIOns, nurses competed on equal terms with the ambulance members on the occasion of the annual competition for the" Pritchard" Cup, held at Kington. Senior Cadets also took part and put up a most excellent performance, being placed second in the final results.

County Surgeon C. W. V\Talker judged the event, which was based on the assumption that a hors e and dray had knocked down a man, causing him serious injury.

The \'llnnmg team was No. ? (captain, Hon. Sergt. C A. Caudle), followed by No .4 team (Cadet Supt. L. DaVIes), No. 5 team (Corp oral G. Knight). Seven teams competed.

Those includ ed Assistant Commissioner G. N. Bullock, County Officer H. J. Harns, Lady County Officer Mrs. E. Hopton, Div. Surgeon and Supt. W. Logan Jack, Lady Supt. Mrs. Dryland, Amb. Officer L. Wp,eeldon, Dr. and Mrs. C. D. Edwards , and Dr. W. Dryland.

Dr. C. D. Edwards (President of the Kin g ton Division) presided at a supper which followed.

No: 8. (DUKE OF CONNAUGHT'S) DISTRICT

Officer E. J. Prew presided at the annual meeting of the DnTlSlOn. The annual report gave particulars of the work undertaken by the DIVISIOn. The setbacks included the loss of many of the younger me-mbers who had been called to the Colours, tile illn ess of Hon. Sergeant H. Tombs, and. the death of Amb. Officer A. Scott.

.Apart from air-raid casualties over 1,250 cases were treated, 131 of these being enough to be remo,":ed to hospital. In the John Jetton Dressing Station 250 patIents 44 bemg taken to hospital. This section of the work was carried out by Nursmg SIster G Prew.

Among the honours gail'led was the award of the George Medal to Sergt. A. H.

Marshall, who together with several other members also received the Award of Merit granted by the Order.

The Croydon. Gas Works Section, under Sergt. Jack, had shown excellent progress.

The ambulance service had transported 392 cases covering 10,984 miles.

CRANLEIGH.-The Cranleigh Division suffered a severe loss when the Divisional Treasurer (Mr. E. L. Rowcliffe) died last year. Mr. Rowcliffe had occupied the office as treasurer since 1922, when the Division was formed, until his death. During the whole period he was in charge of the finances of the Division and the present sound financial position is due entirely to his efforts. His profession as a solicitor enabled him to assist the Division on legal matters. In 1930 it was decided to build headquarters and Mr. Rowcliffe not only gave the venture his active support but conducted the legal business without charge. The Division claims to be the first in Surrey to be proud possessors of its own headquarters.

By the death in November, 1939, of Mrs. Rowcliffe, who was the Divisional president from its inception, and now the passing of Mr. Rowcliffe, the Division has lost not only two very efficient officers but also two sincere friends

LITTLEHAMPTON.-The annual report of the Littlehampton Division shows that two members are serving with the Royal Navy, 11 with the Army and five in the RA.F. In addition 13 are full-time members of the Civil Defence. During 1941, 365 duties were undertaken by nine members, who put in 10,608 hours. Removal numbered 145, with which 23 members assisted. During the years Amb. Officer F. King qualified as L.A.RP. instructor.

The Division still remains active and the usual state of efficiency maintained. The services of Private H. Piper, who had been for many years a good worker with the Brigade, especially as driver of the motor ambulance, are not now available owing to the tragedy of almost total blindness which descended upon Private Piper during the year.

GRAVESEND -At the annual meeting of the Gravesend and District Division, it was stated that 58 members, out of 81, were in the various Services. During the past year 821 removals were undertaken (mileage 8,859); 122 road accidents attended (mileage 797); 215 cases attended not requiring the ambulance; 3,498 A.RP. and transport duties were performed, totalling 10,494 hours.

The Gravesend Council had again given financial assistance, whilst Mrs Holman and her helpers had paid to the funds the sum of £51, the proceeds from whist drives. The dances at the Co-operative Hall resulted in a profit of £70.

REDHILL.-During the recent heavy snowfall the Redhill and Reigate Corps received an order to transport a lady from the Isle of Wight to Redhill. At 5.15 a.m. the ambulance left with Messrs. J. A. and L. A. Browning as co-drivers and Miss 1. M. Waite, of the Nursing Division. Snow was falling, but after successfully negotiating many difficult climbs the party arrived at Portsmouth. vVorse was to follow when they reached the other side. The famous Cowley Hill was reached and, although no one haa attempted to climb it that morning, the ambulance went manfully on its way. It reached within 150 yards of the summit, where it failed to get a grip on the thick snow, which was still falling. Only one thing was to be done-and that was to dig tracks for the wheels, so with shovels which had thoughtfully been carried, all three members commenced operations. Their efforts were rewarded and Ventnor reached in triumph. The return journey was completed without mishap, although the roads were found to be anything but a driver's paradise. The ambulance reached home at 8 p.m.

On the same day the No.2 ambulance was sent to Caterham for a patient and the driver had to dig a way through the snow before he could approach the house.

During 1941 these two ambulances conveyed 912 patients covering 17,103 miles.

No. 10 DISTRICT

NORWICH.-In the absence, through ill-health, of Commander J. H. Dain, O B.E., President of the City of Norwich Corps, Mr. Warner presided at the presentation of awards and certificates held at headquarters on January 29, when the Lord Mayor distributed awards to the men and Boy Cadets, and the Lady Mayoress distributed those gained by the nursing personnel. Lady Fermoy, president of King's Lynn and West Norwich Nursing Division, was unavoidably absent, but Mrs. Donald Jackson, who deputised for her, presented awards and certificates to Girl Cadets and badges to three vice-presidents.

The Norwich and District Divisions have concluded a strenuous and successful year. In December, 1940, the Divisions undertook to organise and staff the Sick Bay and Mending Bureau in the newly-opened Norwich Services Club. Nurses attended each day and by the end of 1941 had rendered first aid to 1,062 men of the Forces and have repaired and reconditioned garments for 2,711 men. In addition, arrangements were made in September with the RA.O.C to repair 100 vests and 100 pants each month, all of which have been carried out. The Divisions are justly proud of this 77

achiev€ment, undertaken in addition to the services rendered at canteens, F.A. Posts , etc., and the usual duties at cinemas, theatres and the like.

NORTHERN IRELAND DISTRICT

An interesting competition was held recently at Enniskillen after the joint inspection of the three local" Nursing Divisions by Mrs. Burges, Lady County Officer for County Tyrone , who was attended by Mrs. Mackenzie, Lady County Officer for County Fermanagh. The cup presented by Messrs . Cooper & Co ., Ltd., Enniskillen, was won by the Fivemiletown Nursing Division. The judges were Major Evan, R.A.M.C., and Squadron Leader Edwards, R.A.F.

A number of nursing members have offered their services for temporary duty in the London Air Raid Shelters. Representatives of Ballymena, Dungannon, Donaghadee and five of the B€lfast Nursing Divisions were allocated to Berrnondsey for fortni g htly periods, and all gave interesting accounts of their experiences there and of the kindness of their reception by Lady Louis Mountbatten and her staff.

jobn jirtgabe ®bergrBS

MALTA

The Chief Commissioner regrets to announce that Miss Caroline Ethe Yabsley, Serving Sister of the Order of St. John, and Lady Corps Su p erintendent, Sliema Corps, was Wed in Malta by enemy action on February 5, 1942.

Behind these few tragic words lies the story of a life of devotion to duty and to the service of humanity.

Miss Yabsley joined the Brigade Overseas in January, 1910, in Malta, one of the most famous of the ancient homes of the Order. She was promoted Lady Divisional Superintendent of the Malta Nursing Divis ion in 1937, and, on the formation of the Sliema Corps in 1939, she was appointed Lady Corps Superintendent.

Such are the bare facts of Miss Yabsley ' s service for the Order, but it is difficult adequately to suggest the respect and affection in which she w a s held by all who knew her. Always a moving spirit in Brigade matters, it is largely to her efforts that the Nursing Divisions in Malta reached so high a standard of efficiency before the outbreak of war; for the Chief Comm.issioner, Brig ade Overseas, during his official visit to Malta in 1938 was able to see for himself the enthusiasm of both Ambulance and Nursing members for all branches of ambulance work, including Air Raid Precautions; ind e ed, subsequent to his visit, even more Divisions were formed, so that at the present time we may proudly point to six Ambulance Divisions and eight Nursing Divisions, four of the latter being also Voluntary Aid Detachments.

In 1940 Miss Yabsley took on yet another duty for the Order by be coming secretary of the Association in Malta, thus working practically full time. Bombed out of one house and one office, she unconcernedly transferred herself elsewhere, making no break in her ambulance work.

She had many friends among the Order in this country whom she constantly visited in happier times.

The small island of Malta has since the Italian declaration of war sustained mbre air raids than any other part of the British Empire, and remarkable reports have been received of the bravery under fire of many of our members. They have entirely staffed First Aid Posts and Ambulances, and our nursing members are working in military and civilian hospitals.

Two V.A.D. members have been honoured by His Majesty as Associate of the Royal Red Cross-Ambulance Sister Margaret Ferro and Lady Ambulance Officer Mrs Merriman. Seventy-two first year and four second year War Service Bars have been issued.

It is fitting that members of the Order elsewhere should know that in this most gallant of fortresses the defenders rely upon the services of the Brigade Overseas who form the only Ambulance and Nursing personnel.

IT will frequently qe found a patient is in a state of n ervous tension hIS dig estIOn and of assimila t i on are aff ected . In such cases the provlsIO.n of some easily a ssimilated which meets every need will re sult in a defimte 1Illprovement of the patlent s nervous condition.

For this purpose, both as an ' emerg ency meas',lre and as a t ' O v al tine ' has special advant ag es TIllS food beveraoe a 1::, combin a ti on . The manufacture is carried. out by pr oces s es, in such a way that all the Important dIetetic qualities are fully conserved.

The nutritive and energisin g .of Ovaltine ' are rapi.dly assimilated, providin g ever y dIetary essentlal, and at the same tlme exerting a helpful sedative effect on the nervous system.

Ovaltine possesses many advantages, and its us.e£:1lness receives even greater emphasis in prc:ctice, clvll and 'l't Now as in 1914-191 8 'Ovaltme IS WIdely used III the war- m! ary . , , S li time hospital service, both at ho£?e and upp es are available to hospitals in speCIal packings and at speCIal pnces.

Writ e for details to A Wander, Ltd., '184, Queen' s Gate, London, S. W.7

tlrtorp for Headquarters· Priory House, 4, Cathedral Road, Cardiff

GENERAL INTEREST

Close consideration was given by the Ambulance Committee of the Priory for Wales, which met under the chairmanship of the Director of Ambulance, Dr. D. Rocyn Jones, C.B.E., J.P., on February 24 to a scheme for assisting the Welsh Board of Health by obtaining from the ranks of the St. John Ambulance Brigade volunteers for Rest Centre Reserves. Each target town has its own Rest Centre system for the temporary accommodation of those rendered homeless, and male officers and N.C.O.s of the Brigade are being asked to offer their services as Marshals and in other capacities to ensure a sufficient supply of reserves.

The number of classes examined during the month of January was 63 For gratuitous services as Lecturers to First Aid and Home Nursing Classes, Dr. Vi/. Grant (Divisional Surgeon, Ogmore Vale Ambulance Division), Dr. J. Paterson (Divisional Surgeon, Raglan-Heolycyw Ambulance Division) and Dr. W. E. Thomas (Divisional Surgeon, Barry Dock Ambulance Division) were elected Honorary Life Members of the Primy for Wales and members of the Examining Staff.

The registration of three new Nursing Divisions of the St. John Ambulance Brigade was noted at Meliden (Flintshire), Pencynon-Hirwaun (Brecknockshire) and Risca (Monmouthshire), an Ambulance Division at Meliden, and a Cadet Nursing Division at Aberystwyth, these additions bringing the total number of Brigade Units to 708.

CENTRE REPORTS

GLAMORC:7AN CENTRE.-Dr. R. H. Terry, J .P., presided over the social evening organised by the Nelson Ambulance and Nursing Divisions held at the Calfaria Schoolroom, at which he was presented by Councillor Tom Lewis, J.P., with the Priory vote ef thanks awarded to him in recognition of his long services to ambulance work. Mr. H. J. Widdowson, M.E., Assistant Manager, Penallta Colliery, handed Service Medals of the Order to Corps Secretary S. Hughes, Div Supt. J. E. Davies , Amb. Officer J. Hadley and Corpl. William Betty, tribute being paid to the efficiency of the Nelson Divisions, and to the untiring zeal of Corps Secretary S. Hu ghes Mrs. Terry distributed first aid certificates to Nursing members and County Officer W. J : Skyrme presented 'Warrants of Appointment to Lady Div. Supt. Agnes Morgan, Lady Treasurer Ruth Hughes, and Lady Div. Secretary Miriam Morgan.

MONMOUTHSHIRE CENTRE.-Major A. Reade, D.S O., M.C., presiding at the annual meeting of the Monmouth Division, expressed admiration for the members who, though reduced in numbers by the calls for military service, had carried on the Divisional obligations to the public; and he appealed for those not already committed to national service to strengthen the ranks of the Division. In a report on the year's activities read by Councillor Rees Morgan, special reference was made to the services of Amb. Officer Arthur Griffiths and his son for the manner in which they had turned out at all times during day and night, gratitude bein g expressed also to Mr. and Mrs. G. Manns and staff, to all those members who have participated in the services rendere d by the Ambulance, and to Mr. L. V. McEwen and Britis h Red Cr;oss Society personneL Throughout the year the First Aid Post located at their Ambulance Headquarters had been staffed by Brigade personnel. Mrs T. O Davies presented her first report as Lady Divisional Superintendent of the Monmouth Nursing Division, formed in November, 1939. Members were giving service, in conjunction with B.R.C.S. personnel, at the First Aid Post and with the Mobile Unit. The help the Nursing members had given to the Blood Transfusion Scheme was stressed by Sir Leonard Twiston Davies, K.B.E., F.S A., J.P., D.L.

PEMBROKESHIRE CENTRE.-Congratulations are due to the Haverfordwest Nursing Dhj.sion for the excellent work figuring in the report of its President, Mr. Gilbert Mathias, in her capacity of Chief Liaison Officer under the Pembrokesb ire J o int Committee of the War Organisation. The Lady Superintendent, Mrs. Pritchard, and members have co-operated wholeheartedly in the work of providing for the care and comfort of relatives visiting service patients in hospital. During the year 1941, 74 relatives visiting five of the hospitals in the county were assisted, a number of whom were helped financially. incurring a total expenditure of £80 7s. 5d. A considerable amount of 'painstaking work is involved in this very humanitarian service, and the tact and resourcefulness in which difficulties of transport and accommodation were overcome are a tribute to the untiring labours of Mrs. Mathias and her helpers. Mrs. Gilbert Mathias presided at the second annual meeting of the Haverfordwest Nursing :Division. The meeting was well attended by members of the Division and representatives from the other Divisions in the county, among those prese:q.t being 80

County Commissioner Daniel Daniel and Lady County President Mrs. Foley Philipps. Mrs. Mathias congratulated Lady County Officer Mrs. A. T. N . Evans on being made a Serving Sister, and said that the Division was ready for any emergency which might arise.

Div. Supt. Mrs. Pritchard, reporting on the second year's activitie s , said that 12 new members were enrolled in 1941 and all were in po ssess ion of uniform provided at their own expense. Thirte en members were enrolled in the Civil Nursing Reserve; , 15 belon ged to the Fixed First Aid Post and four to the Mobile First Aid Post. Members had put in 237 attendances at the County Hospi t al and 3 , 500 hours at the hospital and on first-aid duties. The Division had taken an active part in connection with the blood transfusion scheme, one member enrolling dver one hundred blood donors In conclusion, Mrs. Pritchard expressed appreciation Of the help of Capt. A. T. N. Evans (Asst. County Commissioner) and paid tribute to her and the members for their unfailin g l oyalty and support.

Lady County Supt. Mrs. Bickerton Edwards pres ented the awards; and the Treasurer (Mrs. Luther Mathias) reported satisfactorily on the financial position.

CITY OF CARDIFF CENTRE.-Councillor George 'Williams addressed the following note of appreciation to the Commissioner for Wales on the participation of local Brigade personnel in the Cardiff Warship Week Parade: "May I, as chairman of the Parade Committee, place on r ecord in this letter my intense appreciation of all that you did to contribute to the very fine success of the services parade on Saturday last. I have had numerous expressions of appreciation o n the effective display to which you and your organisation contributed so sp lendidly."

The Cardiff Corporation Transport Ambulance Division, under the leadership of Div. Supt. J. A. Dyke, has undertaken the staffing of an ambulance allocated by the War Organisation to the Glamorgan Joint Com,mittee to supplement the local Civil Defence Service. A rota of drivers and attendants, covering a 24-hour day, is supplied monthly to the Cardiff A.R.P. Controller, and the car kept r eady for immediate use in emergency.

BOROUGH OF MERTHYR TYDFIL CENTRE.-The report of the Commissioner, Captain W. J. Canton, LL.B ., on the year 1941 shows the strength of the Brigade in that borough at December 31 to be 944 all ranks. An increase of strength by the enrolment of 133 new members was offset by the transfer to Caerphilly County Area of Divisions at Bedlinog and Fochriw. Every effort is being made to attract new recruits into the Caoet Divisions.

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MAKING USE OF THE SENSES IN TEACHING

By " Captain A. C. White Knox, M.C., M.B., Ch.B.

(Continued from page 52 February i'ssue)

Fig. 31.-Thorax with lungs and air passages; larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes ending in air-cells. Action of diaphragm.

Fig. 32.-End of bronchial tube expanding into air-cells. Artery and veins. Venous blood giving up COl and absorbing O 2 in order to purify it.

Fig. 33.-Shows diagrammatically the action of raising the ribs to increase the size of the chest.

Essentia1 knowledge to treat successfully ALL p ossible injuries

THE HOlJSEHOlD PHYSICIAN

A few of the subjects treated at length :WAR EMERGENCIES: PEACE-TIME SUBJECTS·

Air Raid Precautions Influenza, etc., Measles, M·umps

Gas Warfare (Special Chart) Catarrh

Corns and Warts

First Aid What to Do in Emergencies

Bandages

Splints

Burns

Famtmg

Skin Diseases

Hygiene, Anatomy, Pharmacy

HomCEopathy, Neurasthenia

The Principles of Nursing

Child Welfare

375 Prescriptions, etc., etc.

AG.C IDENTS-What to do in all cases. HOW TO DIAGNOSE Diseases fTom appearance oj Head, Face, Tongue, Throat, Chest, etc., etc.

HUNDREDS OF TH,E_

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3f).

Fig. 34.-Diagrammatic representation of action of respiration. Glass bell jar, rubber cork through which passes a glass tube to the end of which is tied a rubber balloon. The bottom of the bell jar is covered with rubber sheeting tied tightly round the jar. Pull the rubber sheeting down. This creates a vacuum inside the jar; air rushes down the tube and the balloon expands. Diaphragm and lung action similar.

Fig. 35.-Nerve cell with nerve fibre called a neuron, characteristic of this type of cell.

cr;OMACFI DISORDERS

The acute discomrort o.f recurring' indigestion, ' the pain of and dIstensIon associated with acid dyspepsia, wIll YIeld to treatment with' BiSoDoL.'

Antacid sedative and mildly aperient , 'BiSoDoL' is a finely powder composed of the bases bi smu th, soda together with papain and diastase, which aSSIst dl.gestlOn ' BiSoDoL' is flavoured with oil of .malUng the preparation acceptable to the most patient and, at the same time , providing a valuable carmInatIve. Relief is e x perienced soon after the dose is taken.

Nur ses are ill vit ed t o se nd [ur Samples [or clinical trial

Fig. 36.-Diagrammatic representation of brain filled with nerve cells and all the neurons coming out as spinal roots to form the ordinary nerves of the body. Motor nerves passing out to the voluntary muscles to stimulate movement and sensory nerves taking the messages from the senses back to the brain.

Fig. 37.-Faces can be drawn sho 'wing the different facial appearances in insensibility-flushed, pale, unequal pupils, etc.

Fig. 38.-Demonstrate the things necessary in room prepared to receive patient, marking material on table, in bed, on chair by fire, etc.

IFig. 39.-Place a patient on a table and go through the actual examination of the conscious and \1llconscious patient.

Fig. 40.-The St. John carrying sheet. Made of strong double thickness canvas firmly stitched at the edges,S ft. 9 in. long and 2 ft. 3 in. wide. At intervals of 6 inches along the sides and ends there are brass eyelet holes. Strong cord is interlaced through the holes, first from one side then the other, and double knotted on the ' bottom side to prevent slipping. Weight 4t

Loading Patient: (1) A bearer stands on each side of the patient's head each grasping a corner of the sheet. While another bearer steadies the patient's shoulders, the two bearers pull the sheet straight under him. (2) Turn the patient carefully on the side, roll the sheet lengthwise to half its width and place the roll close up against the patient's back. Turn him carefully back over it and smooth out the sheet.

Carrying Patient: Four Bearers. (1) Two bearers on each side hands apart, turn towards the way in which they are going and all step off with the outer foot. (2) Two bearers on each side, one hand to sheet and the other hanging on to any support available. (3) One bearer at each side, with hands wide apart, and one front and rear.

4.0

Three Bearers,' One bearer at each side opposite the body and one at the feet

Two Bearers,' One at each side, hands well apart.

One Bearer: It is possible in emergency to straddle the patient and work the sheet under him from the he ad Then pull him quietly along the floor.

Loading Patient on ordinary St retcher.-Carry patient over stretcher, lower him, and pull the sheet from und er him, al ways pulling towards the feet.

This carrying sheet, which is available at the Store Department of the Association, Willey Park, Broseley, Shropshire, is not nearly well enough It is light and easily carried folded up under the arm. It can be taken into places where it is extremely difficult to take an ordinary stretcher and the patient can be loaded on the sheet more comfortably.

Poles can be threaded through the cords loops and the patient carried in that way.

The patient can be laced to the sheet by interlacing a rope through the loops and across the body. This makes it very easy for the patient to be moved by any tackle.

[Editor's Note.-All the drawings which have illustrated this series of articles were drawn by Dr. A. C. White Knox and were not touched-up by anyone. This will emphasise the ease with which other lecturers could obtain the same easy way of illustrating their lectures and so make them more interesting to the student.]

THE CHEMICAL ACTION OF MILTON' ON MUSTARD GAS

Pure" Mustard Gas" is an organ ic chemical compound known as 2.2'-Dichlorodiethyl Sulphide, and its constitut ion is represented by the formula.

S(CH,.CH,Cl),.

It is an almost colourless oil with a faint odour reminiscent of that of garlic or mustard. It has a boiling point of 217 0 C. at normal atmospheric pressure and, on cooling, the liquid freezes at 14,40 C. and crystal lis es in long colourless prisms. Mustard Gas is ordinarily a very stable compound, and may be describt!d as th e most aggres!'ive organic chemical known towards human tissues.

The public have received detailed instructions from the Min istry of Horne Security through the official handbooks and from the Local Authorities regarding the steps they should immediately take if, unfortunately, they become contaminated by mustard gas through enemy action. The importance of members of the public familiarising th emse l ves with. and carrying out the procedure recommended officia ll y for avoid ing the effe cts of, mustard gas contamination cannot be t oo strongly emphasised.

See Air-Raid Preca utions Handbook No.1 (2nd Ed 19 41). Personal Prott"ction against Gas. Page 61-und er the heading of AntiGas Treatment of Persons.

Any additional and conven ient method .which can be recommended with conftdence for avoiding or minimising the effec ts of mustard gas contamination is highly important. .. IvIilton" is a readily available material, the value of which for effec tiv ely cleansing the skin which has become confaminated with Mustard Gas has been conclusively demonstrated.

" Milton" is a solution of electrol yticallyprepared sodium hypochlorite (NaOCI) which reacts rapidly with either pure or crude Mustard Gas at th e ord in ary temperature, cOJf.verting it quantitatively into the nontoxic colourless crystalline 2.21-Dichlorodiethyl Sulphoxide.

OS(CH,.CHICI).,

m.p. 11 0 0 C., according the follo w ing equation:

S(CHI.CH.CI), + NaOCI = toxic

OS(CH,.CH.CI)2 + NaCl non-toxic

Applied rapidly and in proper fashion. the effectiveness of " Milton" against skin contaminati on can be guaranteed. Garments which are contaminated with Mustard Gas should be discarded at once and treated not with" Milton" but by the methods and at places which the Authorities have provided. Any treatment applied to the skin which has been contaminated must be immediate as well as thorough. If" Milton" is available, it can be used w ith confidence. After removal of clothing (if necessary) the part affected should be wip ed \yithout spreading the area of contamination, using cotton wool or other suitable material which can then be discarded (burnt, or left for some time in a solution of •. Milton ") so as to get rid of as much of the Mustard Gas as possible. Without delay the part is swabbed gently but copiously WIth full-strength "Milton," the swabbincr being continued for about 15 minutes, and then with" Milton" diluted with about four times its volume of ordinary tap water. Continue the gentle s wabbing with this dilution at half-hour intervals three or four times. It has been found suitable to treat the affected part finally with" calamine" lotion and bandage lightly.

If, unfortunately, it has not been found possible to apply the treatment within five minutes, a light mustard-gas bum may ensue after some four to six hours . If this should have happened, the treatment may nevertheless safely be continued at intervals with dilut ed" Milton" (1 in 5) until the healina process is established. The use of Milton as suggested, will diminish the inflammatory or d estr uctive effect and accelerate healing. Th e above may be describ e d as h ome or emergency treatment for the skin and can be recomm ende d in the great majority of cases.

QCabtt JltWs

The Lady Superintendent-in-Chief, Brigade At-Home, has appointed Lady Dunbar Nasmith as Chief Officer-in-Charge Girl Cadets

HARRow.-The following record of No. 15 (Harrow) Cadet Nursing Division is worthy of note: The Division was registered in 1932 with a membership of 17, under the present Lady Cadet Supt Miss E. H. Atkins; the maximum strength in any year has been 19. Seven members have gained the Grand Prior Cadet Badge. For three consecutive years (1936, 1937 and 1938) the Division won the" MacRae" Cup for No.1 District, and in the Open Competition for Juniors in Team Work at Wimbledon they took first place in 1936. Eleven members have entered hospitals for training, two having already ccmpleted the course and become S.R.N.s, namely, Julia Burton, who gained the Gold Medal at Harrow Hospital , and Kathleen Birkinshaw, who gained the Gold Medal at Southend Hospital. The other nine are Betty Burton (C.N.R. Hillingdon Hospital), Barbara Booker (Red Hill Hospital), Joan Sims (Bethnal Green), Joyce Townsend (Mildmay Park), Dorothy Bishop and Marion Essex (Queen Mary's Hospital for Children, Carshalton), Pauline Thompson, Margaret Sevenoaks and Pamela P o tter (Stanmore Orthopcedic Hospital)-five of these entered in 1941. For some time two of the girls corresponded with two Nursing Cadets of the Wellington (New Zealand) Cadet Nursing Division.

ADDLESTONE.-The Girl Cadet Corps, Addlestone Nursing Division, was inspected by Lady County Supt. Mrs. Thomas and Lady County Officer for Cadets Mrs. Charrington. Also present were Lady Supt. Mrs Street, Mrs Reeves (President, Nursing Division), and Mrs. Vallet, Div. Secretary.

The Corps, which only started in October, 1941, has a membership of 58, with Cadet Supt. Miss Trimmins in charge.

Mrs. Charrington expressed surprise at the great progress made. The bandaging was extremely good, the oral tests quite up to standard, and their whole bearing showed great promise

Mrs. Thomas gave the cadets encouragement by saying that they were quite ready to sit for their examination, a statement that convinced them that they were indeed nurses of the future.

BRIGHToN.-Through the kindness of the Hon. Mrs. Copland-Griffiths, Lady Supt.in-Chief, Brigade Overseas, the cadets of the Brighton Nursing Division are to adopt the Division of New Brighton, New Zealand The girls are very keen and the first batch of letters to New Zealand have been dispatched .

HEREFoRD.-A social evening was recently held by the Hereford City Ambulance and Nursing Cadet Divisions. The programme was arranged by Cadet Officer Ivor 'Willis, supported by Cadets Supts. A. H Jones and Miss Moore. Those present included Assistant County Commissioner G N. Bullock, County Officer H. J Harris , Div. Supts . H. N. Fixsen and Miss E. Long.

WETHERBY.-The Nursing Cadet Division during 1941 increased its personnel to 27 all rank. Some hold proficiency badges; the aim of all members is to gain the Grand Prior's Badge. The Cadets have helped the senior Division on many occasions and are running a collection of their own for the Red Cross Penny-a-week Fund . _ NORWICH.-Excellent progress has been made by the Cadets of the Norwich Corps during the past year One cadet has 12 certificates for special cadet subjects, the senior first and home nursing and also hygiene certificates, and holds a certificate for the treatment of air raid and gas casualties. She also holds the St. John medallion and will be transferred to the No.3 Division when she reaches the age of 17. Three other cadets are now eligible for the Grand Prior's Badge. Many subjects are being taught. Sea and boat training (by the Yacht Club members), fire fighting (by officers of the City Fire Station), and special subjects by Cadet officers and nurses, among whom are several trained teachers.

•

The Cadets of Norwich are a very active branch of the organisation, and are to be congratulated' on the efforts for malcing themselves useful citizens. The officers, too , are to be congratulated on their enthusiasm and thanked for the time spent in making their charges proficient in many subjects.

FOUND

Medallion No. 202104, in Fareham District. Owner can obtain same qp application to Corps Officer P. W. Hawkes, Le-Guet, Hillhead, Fareham, Hants.

War Service Medal (1914-1918), Order of St. John, No. 8444. Owner can obtain same on personal application to the Stationmaster, Fenchurch Street, London, E.C.3.

Bronze Medallion No. 292057, together with chain, in West End of London. Owner can obtain same on application to the Editor of THE GAZETTE.

BECAUSE

one or other or all of the three races of germs, Streptococci, Staph y lococci and B.py ocyaneus are found in every skin infection common to this country, and ANTIPEOL OINTMENT contains the an ti bo di es (antivirus) of these germs. Healing is expedited by the proved ingredients of the ointment, and septic development is stopped or prevented b y its antivirus sterile vaccine filtrates. ANTIPEOL OINTMENT is unsurpassed for BURNS and SCALDS, for it is microbicide and nonadhesive, and dressings do not require to be chan ged every day

RHINO-ANTIPEOL

affords rapid relief of COMMON COLDS, INFLUENZA, CATARRH. Containing the antibodies of the germs common to infections of the nose and pharynx (Staphylococci, Streptococci, B.pyocyaneus , pneumococci, pneumobacilli, enterococci, M. catarrhalis, B.Pfeiffer), Rhino-Antipeol is not just a palliative, but is a remover of the cause of the infection. During epidemics it is the ideal preventive of micr obic development.

OPHTHALMO-ANTIPEOL

is a semi-fluid ointment, more convenient than the ordinary Antipeol ointment for ocular infections and lesions. Eyes affected by smoke and dust are soothed almost immediately by the application of Ophthalmo-Antipeol, and the antivirus prevents germs from developing.

Clinical Samples on request from M ED I CO-BI OlOG ICAl lABORATORIES lTD. CARGREEN ROAD, lSOUTH NORWOOD, LONDON, S.E.lS 87

MARKING SHEET

Metropolitan Police Eliminating Competition TEAM TEST. Judge: CAPT. F. E BENDIX, L.R.C.P.LOND ., M R.C.S.ENG.

INSTRUCTION CARD.-You are collecting your equipment in the First Aid Room at the Pavilion of a Sports Ground, where you have be en on first aid duty for a Police Athletic Meeting. The caretaker is in attendance and waitin g to lo ck up the Pavillion.

STAGING.-At side: near door- Pavilion First Aid R oom-F ull First Aid Kit. Centre: Scene of bomb explosion-Debris around patient- small c r ater at c o nvenient distance.

ACTION.-Team to be conducted to Pavi1ion First Aid Room (c a r e not to brin g t e am within view of centre staging). Instruction card handed to team leader and time allowed for same to be read.

LOUD EXPLOSION

CARETAKER says :-" Gosh! That unexploded bomb! and Harry went over th e re a few minutes ago. Come on, boys." He runs across to patient and becomes rather excited and hysterical about his injured friend.

NOTE FOR TIMEKEEPER.-Time allowed-IS minutes from time of explosion. Warning after 12 minutes.

PATrENT.-Lyin g on back in debris-moaning- stuperose-complainin g of pain in right leg and left elbow. If r eque sted he agre es that he fe els w e ak, faint, gi ddy, and he complains of headache. Pale face.

INJURIEs.-Large lacerated wound calf of ri g ht leg (v e n o us h oe m orrhag e )-see Chapter IX, page 104.-2 Swelling and redness le ft elbow, w hi ch th e pat i ent wi ll no t move on account of the increased pain. Bruise (r edness), occipital re gion.

Max. Arrangemen ts fo r medical aid-Early Marks -Exp licit-(A m bulance in 15 mins.) 3

Rapid approach with necessary equip- Forei g n bodies? (No) 1 ment 2 Obviousl y dirty? (N o) 1

Shout warning to patient and care- Clean and careful prepara tion of dresstaker to keep still 2 ings 3

Careful elimination further danger- · Antiseptic over and around wound.. 2 (No) Dressing and cott o n wo ol 2

To patient Now with encouraging Bandag e firmly

Early and Tactful enquiry from patient Allay anx iety and w orry 2 as to symptoms 4 A void discussin g condi t i o n 2

Very Careful Support of right leg and Tran spor t to Pa vi lio n.

and over)

Eliminate fracture signs right leg

Expose wound carefully

(No)

(Yes)

Flowing steadily? (Fairly brisk)

From side furthest from heart? (Diffi- position and p reve nt any mo v ement

cult to Determine) Expose j oint

e rrogate patie nt r e symptoms

Protection beneath patient . .. 2 (as bef or e ) 5

Loosen clothing, neck, chest and waist 3 Is elbow still painful? (V ery) 2 For speed in arresting hoemorrhage 4 Take bandage off and re-apply it

Further examination left elbow- keep wet

of

deformity,

Can you move it? (Too painful) 2 General att i tude to patient-encoura g-

n tractors Telephone : BIDEFORD 600 (3 lines)

Respiratory

(As used by Red Cross and First Aid Organizations , Police Forces, Fire Brigades, Electricity Undertakings, Gas Companies, etc.)

Write for leaflet" Prompt First-Aid Treatment of Asphyxia and other Respiratory Failure Emergencies." Human

Articulated and Disarticulated SKELETONS: HALF SKELETONS SKULLS. PELVES, Hands and Feet

Largest Selection in the Country.

Inspection invited.

Telephone: MUSEUM 2703

for the prevention and treatment of-

INFLUENZA

and various other complaints

* Iodine has many uses in the prevention and treatment of war and winter complaints. Our new booklet II Health Hints for Wartime" describes these uses fully. Sole Makers: SPARKLETS

INTERESTING CASE REPORTS

CASE REPORT No. 198.-The Officer..:in-Charge of the County of Surrey

S.} .A.B. reports the efficient performance of first aid by a member of the Godstone Nursing Division in the following circumstances :-

On December 8 Ambulance Sister Mrs. JuPP was called to a man who had fallen off a ladder and fractured his leg just above the ankle. Utilising the lid of a box as an improvised splint, she fixed the fracture with bandages and treated patient for shock. She then sent for the St. John. ambulance and telephoned to the Caterham Hospital. Within fifteen minutes of the accident the patient was in hospital; and the Matron congratulated Mrs. JupP on the efficient manner in which the leg was splinted and the speed with which the patient had been brought to hospital, which is roughly three miles from Godstone.

COMMENT.-Like Case Report I97, this report tells of good work done by methods of improvisation. Ambulance Siste r Mrs. j u pp, therefore, is to be cordially congratulated in that by her prompt action in the treatment of the fractured leg and also in the speedy transfer of the patient to hospital she succeeded in minimising the effects of the accident.-N C. F.

CASE REpORT No. 199.-The Officer-in-Charge of the County of Hampshire

S.J.A.B. reports the efficient performance of first aid by a member of the Charminster Cadet Nursing Division in the following circumstances :-On December 15 Cadet Sergeant Phyllis Norris was walking down Coombe Avenue, Bournemouth, when she came across an accident in which a five-year-old boy had been knocked down by an A.F.S . car and sustained grave injury, his leg being severed just below the knee. He was lying on the path supported by a man who shortly afterwards left to go to work; and he had a scarf tied round his thigh.

Cadet Sergeant Norris at once re-tied the ligature round the thigh, because that applied by an A.F.S. man was not successful in stopping the bleeding. After examining for other injuries, which were not present, she covered the boy with a mackintosh and sat down close to him to keep him warm while awaiting for the ambulance.

By this time Corps Surgeon J. Ewing had arrived with dressings and tourni-. quet. So Cadet Sergeant Norris held the mackintosh in front of the boy to protect him from the shock of seeing his severed leg, and also gave all possible . assistance to the Corps Surgeon in the application of the tourniquet and the treatment of the wound. This done, she accompanied the boy in the ambulance to hospital, where she reported in full detail the treatment administered and the name and address of the patient

Later the hospital authorities stated that the prompt attention given and the application of the ligature were greatly responsible for saving the boy's life, while Corps Surgeon Ewing expressed his satisfaction at the coolness and efficiency shown throughout by Cadet Sergeant Nonis.

COMMENT.-It is always pleasing to record good work by our Cadets, and more especially so when they succeed in carrying out the first object of first aid and in preserving' the lives of patients.

Cadet Sergeant Phyllis Norris, therefore, has well and truly merited cordial congratulations by her action on this occasion and has made a brilliant start in he?' ambulance career.-N. C. F.

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

THOMAS SPLINT DRILL

R. S. (New Milton).-I am a member of a team which is practising on cas.es which require the Thomas Splint; and I shall gratefully your comments on the enclosed lists. These set out the work of each member of the team to memorise.

Whilst commending you for your attempt to devise improvements in methods of drill, I cannot approve the idea of fixed positions and instructions for the indi -

90

Britain's SIMPLEST, Safest and Most Efficient Stretcher Harness "HUTT'S HARNESS"

Provo Pat. 14923140

Simplifiel the transport of the injured, and is suitable for adult and child alike. Adjustable for any injury a pdtient may have. Easy to apply in the dark.

A Fint Aid Party can apply the harness in half a minute. The Itretcher can then be turned or placed in any unusual position, with the utmost lafety and comfort.

With Two Poles the Perfect Improvised Stretcher.

An Ideal Fitment for without a Stretcher.

Certified by many Doctors in and Scotland as the 100 per cent. Article.

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Now Demonstrated at the A.R.P. Trainloll Schools 10 Scotland.

Port Local Authorities Consider the Harness Britain's Finest Article In the Uoloadlna of Marine Casualties.

An article of value in the HOlpital & F.A Postl.

H.H. Fitted with leather straps £1 17 6

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H.H Fitted with heavy wcbbingatraps £1 12 6 (Can be decontaminated)

Slinp to lower or raise Itretchen in all positioDl, 12/6 per aet.

All orders sent carrial1e paid. Illustrated booklet on appllcatlon. Illustrated booklets suppUed with each order.

DIRECT FROM PATENTEEA. H UTT, 3, Rectory Lane,Dysart,Fife.

IGLODINE HEALS WITHOUT HURTING

Children do not dread the application of .. 'glodlne"

• , because, unlike many other antiseptics, It does not hurt

healing quickly wit h 0 u t leaving a scar.

Dressings Economy

' Elastoplast ' meets the preference of modern surgeons for an undi sturbed wound dressing. It meets also another need of to-day -economy. ' Elastoplast saves material and doctors' and nurses' time. There is no more efficient or more expeditious way of treating minor injuries than with ' Elastoplast ' Wound Dressings.

THE SA FE ANTISEPTIC 7td., Iltd., 1/9t, 2/11. From all Chemists, Boots Branches, Timothy Whites and Taylors, Ltd. The 1,Iodine Co. Ltd., Newcaetle-upon-Tyne

vidual members of a stretcher team. On other hand, men should be so trained that they can take on the duties of any position, because in an emergency one Olf' another may be absent.-N. C. F.

FIXATION OF SPLINTS

A. F. (Brockley).-Will you please let me know the procedure for fixing the splint when we have to treat a fractured leg and have assistance?

Is loop bandaging correct? The Textbook (pp. 62 and 92) fails to make this point clear.

In a competition I would accept fixation of fracture by loop bandagi ng, e ven though Fig. 51 shows the bandages applied twice round limb and splint.-N. F.

TREATMENT OF FRA CTURED ARM

E. B. (Birmingham).-In the treatment of fractured arm near the shoulder, would it be harmful to apply the small arm sling first as is done with fracture in the middle of the shaft?

If so applied, the broad bandage would then have the effect of steadying the injured limb against the body. Your kind ruling will be appreciated.

If you do as you suggest, the small arm-sling will be tied down by the broad bandage round the upper end of the humerus and trunk and its efficiency will thereby be reduced.

Further, an attempt to pass the body bandage underneath the arm-sling will result in unnecessary manipulations of the limb. It is better, therefore, to carlf'y out the instructions as laid down in the Textbook; and, as a temp01lary measure to steady the limb, the sleeve can be pinned to the coat if the patient is unable to support the forearm.-N. C. F.

PRESSURE OF DRESSING

G. C. (Surbiton).-At a recent class the following query was asked :-We are instructed by the Textbook to release a tourniquet every fifteen minutes. If, however, the wound is situated on the pressure point of the brachial artery and if it has been dressed with pad and bandage tied tightly as laid down in Textbook, would this stop the circulation of blood through the limb?

If so, would you recommend the loosening of the dressing after minutes, similar to that of the tourniquet? We look forward to your kind answer.

In the circumstances named the bandage need not be loosened, becau se it i' impossible, without using g11 eat force, to tie it so tightly that the circulation of the limb is completely stopped.-N. C. F.

TREATMENT OF CONCUSSION

A. B. (Birmingham).-The application of the General Rules for Treatment of Insensibility to a victim of Concussion would call for the lowering of head and shoulders and the raising of feet on account of the pale face.

In all cases of head injuries it is essential to apply cold to the head continuously to minimise the possibility of Compression. As, however, the treatment for pale face would help to encourage the latter condition, I presume that it should be avoided in the treatment of Concussion, and shall welcome your comments.

Concussion arises from a shaking-up or jarring of the brain and is not invariably followed by Compression. The latter is a condition resulting from pressure of bloodclot within (or of fractured bone on) the brain. Consequently, until signs of Compression actually present themselves, the duty of -first aiders is to continue treating jor Concussion. This emphatically will not cause Compression of the Brain.-N. C. F.

ACTION OF TEA WITH BURNS

O. M. (Colchester).-Will you please explain what is the action of warm, 92

BURNS

SCALDS

nURNOJEL-themodern treatment for Wounds, Cuts, Burns and Scalds _ is superior to all former treatments. It quenches pain at once, without causing additional smarting. Think. what this means to frightened children. This instant relief minimises shock - cools, soothes, comforts. Wounds can be thJroughly washed after treatment, without the usual hurting and discomfort.

Because it contains Copper Guaiacol Sulphonate, Burnoj el heals far more quickly, requires fewer dressings and does not cause scarring. Many factories now use Burnojel in place of tannic acid and iodine.

IIig Illy Antiseptic and Styptic

Get a tube of Burnojel from your Chemist now, and keep it handy for instant use.

WOUNDS

strong tea which the Textbook recc>mmends in the treatment of burns and what, if any, is its relationship with tannic acid?

Tea contains tannin and is said to have been used for thousands of years by the Chinese in the treatment of burns and scalds. Tea tannin, however, is a different substance from tannic acid, and the action is much miZder than that of tannic acid. Indeed, experiments have shown that the latter is 25 times stronger than tannin. Incidentally it is claimed that tea which contained no tannin wO'uld be almost tasteless.-N. C. F.

CARRIAGE OF LOADED STRETCHER

B. S. (Bombay).-Please tell me what is the correct method for a squad of four when carrying over a distance of about 400 yards a stretcher loaded with a patient without using the slings. Are we to carry the stretcher by twos, changing over alternately every 100 or 200 yards; or by four members together? In the latter method, there is no chance for respite to all four bearers. In the former, the weight of the loaded stretcher falls evenly on the bearer's grip, on his forearm, upper arm and the shoulders. During the last war we followed the forrr:t er method.

During air raids on London it was frequently necessary to carry the loaded stretcher a distance oj 400 yards and more " a part of the y"ourney was over debris. With a normal patient no difficulty was experienced in the carriage of the stretcher by four bearers.

When, however, the patient was unusually heavy or the distance longer than 400 yards, relief was obtained by the bearers changing to the opposite side of the stretcher and using their other hands.

From this experience it seems to me that the four bearer is better than the two bearer carry and that it results in smoother, swifter "and safer transport.-N. C. F

CARRIAGE OF CLOSED STRETCHER

B. S. (Bombay) .-Please tell me what is the correct regulation way of grasping the poles of a closed stretcher? Are we to grasp the poles between the four fingers and the thumb, or to hold the poles with all five fingers closed to one another. In the former we can have a firm and confident grip of the poles. In the latter tbe closed stretcher (while the squad is on the move) is liable to slip out of the uncomfortable hold and might fall down as has already happened.

' You will find your problem covered on p. 205 of the Textbook under Rule 3 and on p. 216 under Rule 15, where it is stated that the bearers should grasp both handles with the right hand. When, however, the fingers grasp the lower handles it is physically impossible for the bearers to place their thumbs over the upper handle and consequently the bearers have to keep their thumbs in contact with the fingers.-N. C. F.

Museum of the Order

The Museum has recently acquired a statuette in silver, a copy of one of the suits of armour in the Palace at Vallette. Although of modern workmanship, the shield bears the armorial bearings of Grand Master Antonio Manuel de Vilhera (1727-1736).

On the base is a plate engraved with the following inscription: "Presented to the Lady Plumer, O.B.E., by the Guiders, Guides and Brownies of Malta as a mark of their deep appreciation of her wonderful help to Guiding, as President of the Movement in Malta, 1919-1924."

Lord Plumer was Governor of Malta during those years.

EVERYTHING FOR SAFETY EVERYWHERE

, NOVOX' and 'NOVITA' Oxygen + CO 2 or Oxygen RESUSCITATING APPARATUS for the apparently asphyxiated or drowned.

SMOKE HELMETS of all Patterns.

'PROTO' and 'SALVUS' OXYGEN APPARATUS

'PURETHA' GAS MASKS

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DUST and SPRAY MASKS and all other Safety and Protective Devices.

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BOOKS

(by N. CORBET FLETCHER, . C. M.B., B.C., M.A.(Cantab.), M.R.C.s.j

AIDS TO FIRST-AID (7th Ed.)

First-Aid Simplified and Tabulated with Aids to Memory_ Price 1/- (Post 2d.)

EFFICIENCY IN FIRST-AID (3rd Ed.) Problems in Study, Treatment and Examination solved for Senior Students. Price 1/- (Post 3d.)

AIDS TO HOME-NURSING

Home Nursing Simplified and Tabulated, with Aids to Memory. Price 1/- (Post 2id.)

COMMON ERRORS IN FIRST-AID Errors in First-Aid Detailed and Explained. Price 1/3 (Post 2d.)

AMBULANCE COMPETITION TESTS

Stretcher, Individual and Question. Each Folder contains special article on Competition No. I, Training of Competition No.2, Conduct of Team in ComP7t!tlon Room No.3, Common Errors in CompetItIon; No.4, Further Errors in Treatment; No.5, History of Compe ition Tests ; No.6, Preparation of Tests ; 6 Folders. Price 6d. each (Post 2d.).

Obtainable from;

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11/13, BREAM'S BUILDINGS, CHANCERY LANE, LONDON, E.C.4.

COLDS &INFLUENZA quickly cured

The St. John Ambulance Association

Its History and its Part in the Ambulance Movement By N. CORBET FLETCHER, M.A., M.B., M.R.C.S. " This beok from cover to cover is full of informatitm of greaJest interest and imporlance to everyone an the AmbuUmce Movement."St. Jobn 'Bmbulance (i;a3ette Price 3 /6 Postage 6d. Stores Dept. ; ST. JOHN'S GATE, LONDON, E.C.l

Flag Day . Emblems, Buttons and Badges

Price Lists on application For 01/ supplies write: The Universal Button Co., Ltd.

Surat St., Bethnal Green, E.2

Phon,: Ailva.nu2t54T,l.: Unibuklf, EM,London

Telephone: PADDINGTON

1001

GARROULD, l TO. Teletrams : GARROUlD, LONDON 150-162, EDGWARE ROAD, LONDON, W.2

In order TO OBTAIN UNIFORMS FOR OFFICERS & MEMBERS, an arrangement has been made between the Board of Trade and the St. John Association, particulars of which can be obtained from the Officer in charge

Uniform by Garrould ensures correct design, high grade materials selected for smartness and hard wear.

PERMIT OR OFFICIAL ,HEADED PAPER MUST ACCOMPANY EVERY ORDER.

S.J A. NEW REGULATION APRONS for Ambulance Sisters. Made from hard-wearing linen-finished apron cloths. Price includes cross. Waist: 26, 28, 30 or 32 in. lengths: 26, 28 30, 32. 34 in. 6/6

Waists: 34. lengths: 28, 30 , 32,34 in. 7/6 Waist: 37 In., 7/11

S.J.A. NEW REGULATION COAT

Cut and tailored from fully shrunk and showerproofed material, half lined with grey Italian cloth Prices Include buttons

An official order for H Q. to supply us with badges and buttons must be sent with every order. Women's Size : 82/6

0 5 87/6 Ex. O.S. 95/· STOCK SIZES- Women s :

Bust : 32.32,33,34,35 36.36,36,37,38,38.39 19th. : 44,46,44,46.45,44,46,48,4?,46,48,48

O S. 40, 40 40, 42 X.O.S. 44, 46 46, 48, 50, 48 48, 48 Made-to-measure ,arments are 15/. extra

S.J A REGULATION HAT for

Office rs and Ambulance Sisters. Fur Felt, 29 / 6 and Wool Felt 12/6. Bad,es 'He only obtainable from H.Q . Sizes: 6t, 61, 61,6*,7, 7! , 7!, 7t. Storm Cap 12/6.

NEW REGULATION DRESS for Ambulance Sisters Made from good quality Sanforized - Shrunk wa.shlng material.

Bodice unlined, Women's,... 18/11

Bodice lined, Women s 21/9

OFF DUTY DRESSES

In Grey Matalaine Wm's 55/6 OS 63/·

Made to Measure Wm's 63 - OS 69/6

In Grey lystar Women's 32/6

Made to Measure Women's... 42/.

STOCK SIZES (Women's) :

Bust: 34, 34, 36, 36, 36, 38, 38, 38, 38

Waist: 26, 26, 28, 28, 28, 30, 30, 31, 31

Skirt: 28, 30, 28, 30, 32, 30, 32, 30, 32

PRICES OF OFFICERS' UNIFORMS AND OTHER ITEMS NOT MENTIONED IN THIS AD VERTISEMENT SENT POST FREE

All prices are liable to advance without notice

REGULATION CAP for Ambulance Sisters, 27 by 18 ins. or 28 by 19 ins , 2/8

REGULATION CAPE -Made in regulation grey cloth, lined with all, wool red flannel, 39/11

NUMERALS

OBTAINABLE FROM HEADQUARTERS ONLY

t6t <Dffidaf ,iournaf of - t6t (prforg in t6e {Ftafm of t6e rntntraBft of t6t i)os.pitaf of !it .io6n of ,itrusafem

VOL. ' 15. NO .

EDITORIAL

ST. JOHN'S DAY, 1942 PROMOTIONS IN, AND APPOINTMENTS TO, THE ORDER

THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE ASSOCIATION •• ON ACTIVE SERVICE •• PHYSIOLOGY IN FIRST AID PRISONER OF WAR" • • HONOUR

CIVIL DEFENCE SERVICES

THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRIGADE OVERSEAS

THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRIGADE AT-HOME PRIORY FOR WALES

NURSING ITEMS •• OBITUARY

BLOOD TRANSFUSION CADET NEWS

MARKING SHEET

INTERESTING CASE REPORTS QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

EDITORIAL OFFICES: ST. JOHN'S GATE, LONDON, E.C I. (All reports, etc., should reach the Editor not later than the 28th of the month.)

PUBLISHING OFFICES: 11-18, BREAM'S BUILDINGS, LONDON. E.C.4.

It must be a "DANCO"

S.J.A. B. UNIFORM

if you want to be sure you are getting the best MADE TO YOUR OWN MEASURES BY EXPERTS

Order by post with confidence from NURSES' OUTFITTIN'G ASSOCIATION, LTD.

Carlyle Chambers, Stockport

London - Abbey House, Westminster, S.W.I Liverpool 57, Rensliaw Street

Manchester 36, King Street

Birmingham - 3, Ryder Street

Newcastle-on-Tyne 26, Northumberland St.

Aberdeen (Agent) Miss Gray, 9, Halburn St. Southampton ' 135, High Street Glasgow - III, Union Street

HOBSON .&·SONS

(LONDON), Ltd.

FOUNDED 1850 Specialists in Uniforms. OF EVERY DESCRIPTION OF UNIFORM CLOTHING AND EQUIPMENT for St. John Ambulance Brigade.

JACKETS, TROUSERS, GREATCOATS, CAPS, BELTS, GLOVES, HA VERSACKS, WATERBOTTLES, ETC.

EST/MATES AND SAMPLES ON REQUEST

All enquiries to : 154 - 164, TOOLEY STREET

LONOON BRIDGE, S.E.I

Telephone: Telegrams: Hop 2476 (4 lines). Hobson, Boroh, London." North of England Office: 22, York ' Leeds. Phone: 23334' Leeds. Grams :" Triers, Leeds."

THE IDEAL FIRST AID

GERMOLENE instantly proFOR tects agai nst ge rm infection, WOUNDS, prevents blood , poisoning. and proCUTS motes rapid healing I Germolene , causes the braken tissues to unite. BURNS, grows new skin and heals over the SKIN broken place cleanly. It soothes at a touch. ends pain and brings ease. At IRRITATION the present time NO home should be without a tin of the world's qulckest healing ointment. Get yours to-day I

ASEPTIC OINTMENT

7d., 1/4 and 3/3 per tin (including Purchase Tax)

w. H. BAILEY & SON LTD.

A real necessity now-and always inger's" Simplex" Tourniquet (PATENT No. 291600) Pressure Re&ulated by Turning a Knob

Price Complete Box 7 16 EaJ:h. Postage 4d. Weighs only 2 OD.

SPECIAL PRICE FOR QUANTITIES.

As Supplied to War Office, Air Ministry, etc. LET US QUOTE YOU FOR YOUR FIRST AID and A.R.P. REQUISITES

BANDAGES COUCHES

STERILE HAVERSACKS and DRESSINGS POUCHES

NTS SCREE NS LOCKERS INSTRUMENTS STRETCHERS ETC.

ALWAYS IN STOCK for. IMMEDIATE USE

Surgical Instruments, Appliances, Aseptic Hospital and Invalid Furniture

45 OXFORD STREET, LONDON, W.I

'Grams: 'Phone: Bayleaf. London." Gerrard 3185 & 2313 VOL. 15. t6t of t6t in t6t OGriti66 (Rto.fm of Qitntro.Bft of t6t i)o6pito.f

Edited by GEORGE E. CRAFT, F.R.S.A.

EDITORIAL

THE GAZETTE, along with other periodicals , has had its supply of paper still further reduced and consequently reductions will have to be made in the number of pages of each issue. This is, in many ways, very unfortunate because, during the past two and a half years, and especially during the last six months, the demand for THE GAZETTE has been such that it has been impossible to execute all the orders received. We do our best with copies and feel that it is better that a few be sent to each district or locality than a greater supply should be forwarded to a less number of places. In this way it is possible to reach all sections, and it is this method that has caused many secretaries to explain to their members that they had only a part of the order they sent in. To them we do offer our sincere thanks for their thankless job.

To save paper is one way of doing our bit towards winning the war, and if by doing without our copy we are sharing in the effort of bringing hostilities to an earlier successful close, then we will make sure that the copies sent and received are made of the greatest use. Share your copy with a colleague; pass it on when it has served your purpose ; do not leave it lying about but see that it does circulate.

With the reduction in the space available it will be necessary to allot fewer pages to certain features. RepOl'ts of activities and other such functions will still be published but in an abridged form. When sending in reports , correspondents are requested to keep their contributions as short as possible and include only items that are of '''Ie feel that the majority of our readers would rather see published articles of instruction than pages of reports of activities. It is the former that will make us even better first aiders and enable us to understand our work better. By this we do not mean that the reports are not welcomed. They are-and they do give divisions knowledge of what is going on and being done in all parts of the world where the St. John flag is flying.-EDIToR.

St. John'S Day, 1942

Arrangements are in progress for St. John's Day, Wednesday, June 24.

His Majesty the King, the Sovereign Head of the Order, has been graciously pleased to allow the Order to hold its early morning celebration of the Holy Communion on St. John's Day in the Chapel Royal, St. James's Palace. In addition to members of the Order an invitation is extended to members of the St. John Ambulance Association and Brigade to attend.

It is hoped to arrange a Service similar to that of last year, to be held in Westminster Abbey on one day during the week commencing June 21.

•

larior!, in.tbe l\talm of tbe , l'enerable ®rber of tbe " Jobn of

His Mafesty the Ring has been graciously pleased to sanction the foliof!Jing Promotions in, and Appointments to, The Venerable Order of the HospitaJ of St. John of Jerusalem

For PromQtion to the Grade of Knight Jessie Gladys Bruce, Mrs. Bessemer.

Colonel Henry Everard Du Cane Norris , For Admission in the Grade of (-from Commander). Serving Brother

For Admission in the Grade of Knight Arthur St. Clair Sainsbury. H.E. Lieut.-General Sir William George Arthur William Pilgrim. Shedden Dobbie, K.C.B., C.M.G., D.S.O. Francis John Johnston.

For Promotion to the Grade of Dame Wallis Henry Pritchard Musk. Eileen Mary, Lady Walwyn (from Com- James Bridger. mander). " Richard Henry Sullivan.

Ursula Mary Ethel, The Hon. Mrs. Roderick MacLeod, M.B., D.P.H. Copland-Griffiths (from Commander). Frank Alfred John Hendrie. Frances Mary, Mrs. Sleeman (from Com- ' William Albert Gray. mander). Jacob Spanjer.

The Dowager Countess of Lindsay (from Stewart Horace Manning. Commander). Albert Edgar Kilby.

For Promotion to the Grade of Henry Cooley. Cotnmander (Brother) Daniel Jones.

Francis William Clifford , (from Officer). Walter Dootson.

Captain Hugh Falkenberg Powell, M.B.E., Louis Howard Smith.

M.D., M.RC.S., L..RC.P. (from Officer). Frank Shelley.

Captain The Lord Harris, M.C. (from Joel Johnson. Officer). Captain Raymond Sydney Harper,

For Admission in the Grade of M.RC.S., L.RC.P., RA.M.C. Commander (Brother) Frederic Charles Mann, M.D., D.P.H.

Lieut.-General Alexander Hood, C.B., George Arthur Read.

C.RE., K.H.P. John James Meadows.

For Promotion to the Grade of Charles George Box. Commander (Sister) Anthony Lamb.'

The Marchioness of Exeter (from -Officer). William Harber.

For Admission in the Grade of Arthur Charles Napper. Commander (Sister) Charles' Frederick Gaynor.

Anne 'Louise, The Hon. Lady Dundas. Walter John Newdick.

Sybil Orde, Lady Dobbie' William Hughes. Clementine, Mrs. Winston Churchill, Donald Bain Ely. ' C.B.E. Morgan Jenkins.

For Promotion to the Grade of Cyril Rogers. Officer (Brother) Joseph Charles Archbold. Francis Edgar Clifford (from Serving Eric Hemingway Shaw, M.D., D.P.H. Brother). Horace Hibbard.

For Admission in the Grade of ' Norman Elliott. Officer (Brother) William Fidler Mason, L.RC.P. & S.Ed.

Lieut.-Ce>lonel Goodwyn Luddington Maurice William Sellars, M.B. Archer, T.D. James Edward Sharpe, M.B.E.

Alexander John Webb. Edward Frederick Greenfield. Harold Leslie Boyce, M.P. John James Davies. Leslie Walker. Howard Cooper. William Edwin Beckly, M.C. _ Sydney Staniforth. Sir John Erasmus Gwynne Alexander Tom Burden. Philipps, Bt. (on appointment as William Thomas Hughes. Personal Esquire to The Hon. John William Kitchener. Bruce). George Henry Johnson. Archdeacon Lonsdale Ragg, D.D. (Sub- George Robert Dale. Chaplain). William Henry Willcocks.

For Admission in the Grade of Henry Owen. Officer (Sister) William Baker Baxter. Alice Devin, The Hon. Lady Clifford. George Cook. Rosemary Jean, Miss Campbell. William Leslie Gerrard. Minnie Mary, Mrs. Doland. Charles Edwin Noble. -100

For Admission in the Grade of Associate Serving B'rother

Said Abdul Rahim Dabbagh, M.D. (Beirut).

Alfred Goldstein.

For Admission in the Grade of Serving Sister Audrey Fairfax, Mrs. Manley.

Esther Rebecca, Miss Clinch.

Fanny Gertrude, Miss IGdson.

Dorothea Finlow, Mrs. Little.

Mary Alice, Mrs. Rowson.

Daisy Alice, Miss Embleton

Eleanor, Miss Swann.

Florence Annie, Miss Minot

Nancy, Mrs. Barrett.

Grace Ann, Mrs. Murray.

Ada, Mrs. Shaw.

Margaret Annie, Mrs. T oakley.

Clara Ann, Mrs. Hopkinson.

Lily, Mrs. Doughty.

Caroline Minnie, Miss Bailey.

Leona Belle, Webb.

PftlORY FOR WALES

For Admission in the Grade of Officer (Brother)

Captain J ohn Seager, M.C. COMMANDERY IN NEW ZEALAND

For Admission in the Grade of Serving Brother

Eric Albert Houston.

For Admission in the ' Grade of Serving Sister Annie Eliza, Mrs. Fricker.

INDIA

For Admission in the Grade of Officer (Sister)

Winifred Elsie, Mrs. Taylor.

BURMA

For Admission in the Grade of Serving Brother

Captain Bishan Singh, I M.S.

orbt &t. :1 obn aggociation

Important Notice.-Any Class or Divisional Secretaries who have not yet applied for Medallions, Labels and Pendants for examinations held during 1941 must do so without further delay. Applications should be sent to the Chief Secretary, St. John Ambulance Association, Willey Park, Broseley, Shropshire.

_ Jamaica Centre.-H.E. the Governor of Jamaica, Sir Arthur Richards, President, attended and presided over the annual meeting of the Jamaica Centre. He was welcomed by Major Hallinan, Director of Medical Services, who mentioned several heads under which the St. John Ambulance Association operated for the alleviation of suffering.

His Excellency addressed the meeting, in the course of which he referred to the appreciation of the Government of the work of the Association. He could think of no more valuable or unobtrusive and truly unselfish public service than membership and support of the Association.

Western Au stralia .-The annual report of the Western Australia Head Centre _ gives particulars of the busiest and most progressive period of the Association in· Western Australia. 1941 was the Jubilee year of the Centre and during that year 415 classes (a record) were held as a result of which 9,951 candidates presented themselves for examination. During the year the Perth Transport ServiG'e answered 5 , 941 calls and 5,944 persons were conveyed to or from hospital, in the process of which 43,979 miles were covered. Both these figures constitute fresh records.

Bristol .-The 61st annual report of the Bristol Centre was presented at a meeting of members held on March 24. Until the fire'-blitz on November 24, classes were running almost the same as in the months preceding. Hardly a class stopped during alerts, but owing to continued raids all classes stopped. In January many were resumed but were only skeletons of the original classes. In spite of these drawbacks 3,023 senior and 168 junior students attended. It is interesting to note that during the last three years the awards gained have been one-third of the total for the last sixty-one years (since the formation of the Centre). Members have given much instruction to the general public, many road-groups having been formed combining firefighting with a modified form of first aid.

ON ACTIVE SERVICE

It is with' regret that the following deaths have been reported of members of the St. John Ambulance Brigade whilst on Active Service :_

Private G. 1. Dixon, of the Royal Arsenal of Woolwich Division, No. 1 District.

Private S. Higman, of the Plymouth Post Office Division, drowned.

Private R W. George Stone, elf the Kington (Hereford) Division, at Sierra Leone, West Africa.

PHYSIOLOGY IN FIRST AID

By M. M. Scott, M.R.C.S., L.. R.C.P.

(Member of the Te%tbC'JOk Revision Committee and Divisi01'J,al SU1'geon, S.J.A.B.)

THE BLOOD

The blood must be regarded as an essential tissue of the body, although it differs from the other organs inasmuch as its component cells are not welded together to form a solid mass, but float about suspended 111 loose formation in a yellowish fluid base (Plasma).

The total quantity of blGod materially varies with the SIze of the concerned, but in an average adult it will be found .to measure approxImately 5 litres by volume, or one of the body weIght. .bloo.d is red, viscid and opaque, with a shghtly salty taste. Its flUld IS dependent upon its remaining within the blood-vessels, because when It IS shed from these it forn'ls a clot.

The Plasma. -The plasma forms the bulk of the is 90 per cen.t. composed of water. It contains various substances 111 . solution: (a) c.erta111 proteins (one . of which is Fibrinogen, plays an Important part. 111 proCe£s of coagulation); (b) vanous salts.; (c) the end product of the dIgestion of the fats, proteins and carbohydrates denved from the food; (d) waste (including the carbon dioxide given by the blood ti.ss ues. The dlOxide fGrms carbonic acid in solution, which 111 turn reacts wIth other salts 111 the plasma to form sodium bicarbonate. This is transported to the lungs where it is down by the lung tissues so that the carbon dioxide is again freed before expIration); and (e) the substances secreted by the ductless gland . .,

The plasma has the power of filtering through the walls of the capillanes so as to corne into intimate contact with the body tissues. It thus forms. the Fluid," which is the medium whereby the interchange of the .vanous chemicals is effected between the blood and the tissues . Furthermore, It forms part of the mechanism whereby the body resists and infection (Immunity). It does this in two ways: firstl y by substances called" Antibodies" which either destroy germs or the pOl sons produced by them; and, secondly, by producing substances called" Opsonins," so alter the germs that the white blood cells (see later) are all the more eaSIly able to ingest them.

Red Blood Corpuscles.-These are also known as their function being to act as oxygen carriers. This is p.ossl,ble ?y. means of the Hcetnoglobin contained within them Hcemoglob111 IS Iron compound which is capable of entering into a loose chemical With oxygen to form Oxyhcemoglobin. In its ordinary state it is dark red 111 c?lour, thus giving rise to the red colour of the blood; but when oxygenated It ?ecomes bright red, reverting to its former shade when the off. Thus the colour of the blood in the arteries of the systemIC circulatlOn IS bnght red whereas in the veins it is dark red.

'Each red blood corpuscle is a biconcave disc measuring :rJo-o- of an inch i? diameter and approximately dOOlr of an inch thick at the edge. can, If necessary, alter its shape to pass through an opemng narrower than .Itself, and on microscopic examination it will be observed that it tend s to collect 111 clusters along with the other erythrocytes.

The average life of a red blood corpuscle IS a httle less than a month, at the end of which time it becomes worn out. It is not, however, completely destroyed or eliminated, because it passes to the Reticulo-Endothelial System, which .is to be found in the Spleen, Liver, . and bone marrow, etc. Here the h cemoglob111 is set free so that it may again be used, while the remainder of the cell becor:nes converted into Bilirubin which is the colouring pigment of the bile.

Fresh red blood corpuscles, however, continue to be manufactured in the .red bone marrow which is to be found both at the ends of the long bones and in the flat bones such .as those of the skull and ribs.

102

White Blood are also known as Leucocytes. They are transparent, and somewhat larger than the erythrocytes , from which they also differ ·in that they contain nuclei. Their number is not a constant factor, being enormously increased in infection and to a les ser degree during exercise. Moreov er, they are not all of the same shape or size, although during health the proportion of. the different cells is practically constant.

Many leucocytes possess the power of amceboid movement. This remarkable feature enables the cells to deal with disease-producing germs. In the movement the cell alters its shape so as to form projecting processes. These surround the germs or other forei gn matter, which thus become ingested into the cell body.

Blood Clotting or Coagulation.-This is the natural method of the control of • hcemorrhage and which guards the body against excessive loss of blood from the minor injuries of everyday life. Very occasionally, however, the patient suffers from the familiar complaint known as Hremophilia. In this disease the power of coag ulation is deficient, and he may, therefore, possibly die of hcemorrhage resulting from a comparatively slight injury.

Coagu l ation is effected by the conversion of the plasma protein" Fibrinogen JJ into" Fibrin." This forms an entangling mesh around the blood cells, thereby producing the clot, the remaining portion of the plasma being known as Serum. The average coagulation time i? seven to eight minutes, the process beginning about two rriinutes after the blood has been shed. The time, however, can be sh or t ened by brin gi ng the blood into contact with a foreign substance. On the other hand it can be retarded by the addition of certain salts such as Sodium Citrate, and this fact is utilised in certain methods of blood transfusion.

The Funct-ions

of the Blood

The majority of these have already been discussed, but they may be briefly summarised as follows :-

(a) To provide the" Tissue Fluid" of the body.

(b) To carry oxygen to the tissues, and carbon dioxide away from them.

(c) To carry the digested foodstuffs to the tissues, and waste products away from them .'

(d) To assist the body in acquiring" Immunity."

(e) To clot when it is shed, so as to prevent hcemorrhage.

(f) To carry the products of the Ductless Glands (e.g., the thyroid and suprarenal glands) to the various tissues and organs so as to regulate their normal functi ons (:\1etabolism).

(g) To prevent overheating of the body, by distributing any excessive heat produced locally (as in exercise) uniformly amongst the various tissues; and by co-operating with the skin in the process of sweating.

"Prisoner of War"

This is the title of a new sixpenny illustrated booklet which describes the life - of our men in captivity. It takes the next-of-kin, friends and members of the public behind the barbed wire to see things for themselves.

It giv es the first authentic account of the lives of British of war in enemy hands , and is illustrated by a number of photographs sent by the prisoners showing actual conditions in prison camps.

The booklet has been pu hlished for the Joint 'iVar Organisation of the British Red Cross Society and Order of St. J obn and is on sale at all bookstalls at the small cost of 6d per copy. It can be obtained for 7 post free from Horace Marshall & Son, Lt,d , Temple House, Temple Avenue, London, E.C.4. .

Not only should members obtain a copy for t):lemselves but they should recommend it to their friends and get them to purchase a copy for their own use.

HONOUR

The Commissioner of No.1 (Prince of Wa les 's) District reports that Private Perryman, of tl1E' Southend Division, now serving with H.M. Forces in the vVesterl'l. Desert, has been awarded the Military Medal.

CIVIL DEFENCE SERVICE'S

By W. C. Bentall, O.B.E., F.R.C.S., F.R.G.S.

HOME

GUARD

AND

CIVIL DEFENCE SERVICES

There are many points of contact beh,,'een these two sen ices, and definite procedures to be carried out under invasion conditions, whether by land, sea or air. Invasion by air with parachutists may bulk largely in the utilisation of Civil Defence Services with the Home Guard.

'The Home Guard is developing a complete system · for the treatment of its wounded. This is briefly in a British Medical Jo urna l article, as « follows :-

"Where the Home Guard operates in conjunction with Regular troops, the R.A.M.C. units accompanying the latter will deal so far as possible with Home Guard casualties. If there are no such units in the vicinity arrangements will be made in advance between Home Guard medical officers and medical officers of health for casualty collection, conve yance and treatment.

" The movements ·of Home Guard casualties will normally be from the scene of action to the appropriate Home Guard aid post, stre tcher cases being carried by Home Guard stretcher bearers; and from the aid post to the appropriate E.M.S. hospital (stretcher cas es) or Civil Defence aid post (other cases) Civil Defence ambulances and sitting-case cars respectively . The general principle is that the responsibility of the Home Guard will continue up to and include their own aid posts, and will comprise the provision of field-dressing facilities; but when once the casualties have been received by the Civil D de nce casualty organisation, the responsibility for their care will devolve on the latter.

" Home Guard aid posts will be established only where there are no Civil Defence first-aid posts or points reasonably adequate for dealing with casualties and sufficiently near the probable scene of action to be reached by the stretcher bearers. The aid posts should accessible to Civil Defence ambulances and so sited as to fit into a comprehensive network of Civil Ddence as well as Home Guard services."

Let us now look at the actual detail of co-operation between the Home Guard and the Civil Defence services.

The Home Guard are responsible to carry their wounded by stretchers to the nearest reception station; these reception stations may consist of: (1) Home Guard Aid Posts where there are no Civil Defence First Aid Posts or Points in the neighbourhood; (2) First Aid Points of the Civil Defence Service; (3) First Aid Posts of the Civil Defence Service.

(1) Home Guard A id Posts are arranged for by that organisation and will only be established where and (3) do not exist.

(2) First Aid Points: These were first arranged for in A.R.P. services in 1938. Many" points" were organised by voluntary gifts and service in a most· praiseworthy manner, and wjth considerable gifts of dressings and service, but with no official recognition or status in Civil Defence. One of the early developments in relation to the Home Guard was to increase the number of " Official Points" by recognising some of these unofficial ones in needed areas and pu tting them on the official list for eq uipmen t and personnel. The next step to meet the Home Guards extra demand was to raise some of the official points to an Upgraded Point" to which a doctor, with extra equipment, and the necessary injections of morphia, anti-tetanus serum, etc., were granted. When casualties have been received at these points, the Civil Defence ambulances are responsible to collect the wounded and take them to First Aid Posts or Hospitals, as necessary.

In some areas the Home Guard have opened so many receiving posts that it would be impossible for the Civil Defence ambulance servi'ces to be numerous enough to transfer such large numbers as might result at a time of parachutist invasion. This is a fact which the Home Guard should always have in mind, and so long as they depend on Civil Defence ambulance removal, they should 104

not multiply their aid posts beyond the capacity of the Civil Defence ambulance capacity of removal.

(3) First Aid Posts are available in more popul ous areas in the usual way as fixed up at present for aerial warfare. Definite advice has been issued in this co-operation between the Home Guard and Civil Defence services, and much contact has already been made between the Home Guard and the Civil Defence authorities, and in some places quite a number of co-operative exercises have been put into effect ·with much advantage to both.

Other developments in relation to invasion are already envisaged both with or without gas, and those members of the Brigade who already are serving in the Civil Defence will be instructed about these when the medical officers in charge of th eir units consider it wise or necessary.

, The less on so long preached in these articles is again emphasised: Be ready to adapt to the chang es which the growth and development of a youn g serVIce neceSSItate, and welcome all such as a sign of vigorous life in a service on ly six years old, and never resent a so-called" change."

3J ohn mbulanc£

®berseag ·

The Chief Commissione r regrets to announce the death of District Officer J. Becconsall, of the Canterbury and \Vest Coast District, New Zeal and, on January 11. Mr. Becconsall became a member of the Brigade during Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee celebrations in 1897, when he joined the Preston Division of the Brigade AtHome. After being on active service in the South African vVar. he returned to England .duty. with his Division and did valuable work during the Maypole Colliery dtsaster lD VVIgan m 1906 and later at the Hulton Colliery disaster. In I90R he went to New Zealand and transferred to the Brigade Oversea, being appointed District Officer in 1925. He visited as the New Zealand representative of the Brigade for Kmg George V CoronatIOn celebrations and was a lso New Zealand's representative at the Installation celebrations of the Prince of \ Va les at Carnarvon. He last visited England on the occasion of the Brigade Jubilee celebrations in 1937. Mr. BecconsaU was an officer of the Order and the holder of the Service Medal with four Bars. His loss will be great ly felt by all who knew him.

Ceylon Police Corps was formed in 1912 with a D?-embersrip of 132, whIch lllcreased during 1941 to 2,459. Of this strength the following number possess Serv ice Medals and Bars for efficiency in the Corps :-Service Medals, 415; FIrst Bar, 140; Second Bar. 27; Third Bar, 1. Instruction is given in first aid to all ran ks of the Force; every Police Station on the Island is equipped with first aid materials, whllst PolIce Officers m rural areas take with them the most necessarv materials when they proceed to crime or of accidents involving injury to person. Instruction IS also glVen on Improvl satlO n of first aid materials.

The annual report g iv es details of six very different cases where Police Officers were c alled to render first aid. Each time the hospital commended the way in which the patient had been treated.

Divisions joined in the Annual Inspection held by His Excellency the Govern?r m September last. A demonstration of first aid was given by 16 of the compet mg teams for " Dowbiggin" Challenge Cup, two teams of Police Boys' Bngacle. one team of GIrl GuiJes and two teams of the Colombo Fire Bricrade Ambulance Division. Excellency spokE' vf'ry highly of the work already done""by the Brigade and emphaSIsed that it was permanent and not only a wartime necessity; he congratulated those taking part.

Uganda.-The Brigade Overseas in Kampala. Uganda, now has three Ambulance <;me Division, while two more have probably been already re g ist ered Thls lncrease IS lar ge ly attributed to A. 1. the of Poliee, who was respon s ible fo r the work of the Brigade becomin g establisher! in Zanzibar. IF estern A u.slral£a.- This District reports considerable progress in spite of a lar g e of ellits tments -in the Forces. The strength of the Divisions has been well memb e rs of both Ambulance and Nursing Divisions have give n goo d work III thelr urdmary routine as well as acting as in st ructors and demonstrators for the of recruits. Thirteen members qualified for the Service l"Teclal, three earned their first Bar two their second Bar. and one the third Bar. Five new Ambulance and five Nursing Divisions havt' been formed.

It was with regret that the Commissioner had to postpone his visit to the Divisions lD more. remote parts of the District; his itinerary had been drawn up when he received notice to proceed overseas on duty with the A.I.F.

lOS

tEbc $t. 31 obn

HEAPQUARTER NOTICES

Lady Superintendent-in-Ch.ief.-Owin.g to. the absence of Mrs. St. John Atkinson, Lady Supenntendent-lll-Chlef, through Illness, all. correspondence reaardin a Nursina Divisions should be addressed to The Lady Loms Mountbatten., Lady Superintendent-in-Chief, at 3, Belgrave Square, London, S.W.l, until further notice.

Lady County Superintendent.-As the ?rder of ?f a .Lady County Superintendent has not been defined in Bngade RegulatiOns, It IS deCIded that thIS officer will rank immediately after the County Surgeo,n. Nursing Division. Non-commissioned Ranks.-The ranks. of Sergeant and Corporal will, in be adopted by Nurslllg the establish-ment beina as for Ambulance DlVISiOns. The chevrons to be used will be of the. same size as for bSection Leaders of the V.A.D. They will be worn on the right arm mIdway between the shoulder and the elbow on the indoor dress, uniform jacket and overcoat. A promotion examination for these ranks will be as follows: (a) Knowledge of the Briaade Reaulations (Clauses 1, 2, 16-39, 50, 52, 52a, 66, 96, 180 , 184, 186-188, 203, 207, 226, 261, 262, 273, 286-290; AppendLx I and Appendix .II); (b) elementary , squad and company drill; (c) loading a stretcher, stretcher. and hand (d) correct uniform; (e) badges of rank; (f) short talk. (first aId or horr:e nursIr:g--:subject to be chosen by the candidate) to prove. ability to lllstrucbon, (g) respirator drill and knowledge of personal precaubons;. (h) transport duties; how to deal with patient, how to use camplllg sheet, correct atbtude of nurses to drivers and orderlies.

Examinations will be arra.nged by Lady County Superintendents and candidates for appointment su bmitted on Form B.F.7 to County Commissioners.

Brace to Sam Browne Belt.-In view of the fact that the Army has reintroduced the brace to the Sam Browne belt, approval is given for Officers of Adult Divisions to wear the brace with the Sam Browne belt in their possession, Officers who have adopted the new pattern jacket with cloth belt attached will continue to wear it on all occasiOn.s.

Drill in Threes.-In order to conform with the Civil Defence Forces, in future dnll movements of the Briaade may be carried out in "threes" instead of in " fours ." DIstance between will be 30 inches; blank files will be in second file from the left· the front rank men will be at arm interval (hand closed); centre and rear ranks will' cover off their front rank men.

UNIFORM RATIONu.iG.-Registration for Future Beneftt.-UCE/C (para 3).-1'his note should be amended to read" for the current year which ends on June 30, 1942" (not August), and the following added: "The reduced number of coupons d.oes not apply to members in possession of uniform on November 1, 1941, who are reqUIred to subffilt 12 coupons BEFORE June 30 to qualify under the Annual Replacement .

Restriction of Articles.-Officers and members may receive only the arbcles laid down in Schedules on page 3 of UCE published November, 1941. In no CIrCumstance s. will.this ruling be disregarded.

Members may have raincoat or greatcoat, but not both. .'

All members requiring Tunic and Skirt must surrender 12 coupons Irrespective of date of enrolment.

Responsible Offtcers.-Please note that all coupons for which you assumed the responsibility must be collected and to the Bngade St John.s Gate, Clerkenwell, London, E.C.l, by June 30. It 1,S of the utmost 1,mportance that tMs be done if we are to be granted these concessions in the future

No. 1 (PRINCE OF WALES'S) DISTRICT , 58/5 (VlESTERN POSTAL AND ST. MARYLEBONE) DIVlstoN:-The meetlllg of this Division was held on March 25, when Mr. W. L. DaVIes (preSIdent) preSIded, supported by Alderman Stiles Allen and Supt. W. V. M. Allen. Amb. Officer Dare (Div. Secretary) reported that at December 31, 1941, the strength of the Division was 336, all ranks. Of this number 87 were full-time A.R.P. workers and 102 part-timers, The Forces had taken 101 members, Cases treated numbered 1085; public duties have been less numerous than 1940, bl1t those undertake? h<l:d been w€ll covered. One hundred and eighty-five attendances were at aIr-raId shelters. During the year four courses in first aid and one in sal1ltailon had b.een held awards gained from these numberin g 119. The Division furrushed a Med.lcal Unit to the local Home Guard, consisting of 30 trained members. CongratulatiOIl$ 106

were extended to Supt. Allen on his admission to the Order in the grade of Serving Brother, an honour well deserved. In conclusion, the Secretary extended thanks to the many Borough Officials for their interest and help, to the President (\'vho is Postmaster, 'vVestern District) and his supervising officers for their kindly help and support, also to Messrs. F. A. Bridger and A. P. Watt, the Divisional Auditors.

Corps Officer Morris presented a satisfactory financial statement, whilst the Storekeeper reported that all stores were in goo d order.

The President referred to work of the Division, the success of which was due to a large extent to Corps Officer Morris, Supt. Allen, Amb. Officers West, Mason and Dare. He thanked the local public for their help and mentioned especially the VicePresident. ,

Supt. Allen thanked all officers and men for their loyal support.

Alderman Stiles Allen hoped that iIi a short time he would have available new headquarters for the Division where a drill hall, stores and committee rooms will be provided.

Following the meetin g a social evening was arranged, at which many representatives 0f local bodies were present. -

NO.4 (LEYTON AND LEYTONSTONE) DIVISloN.-Members of this Division took a few hours from serious business to attend the annual dinner held on March 14.

Supt. "V J. Broom, who was accompanied by Mrs. Broom, presided, supported by Amb. Officer L. Spalding and Mrs. Spalding, Lady Supt. Mrs. Sampson, and others. After the loyal toast, Mr. Blaxter proposed that of " The No . 4, the Nurses and Cadets," to which Mrs. Sampson replied for the Nurses, Mr. 'White for the Cadets and Supt. Broom for the. o. 4. TheJatter referred to the difficult times they had been through and the splendId duty earned out by the members. He thanked the Nurses for their co-operation so willingly given and the Cadets for their help in the past.

Sergt. proposed "Absent Friends"; whilst Sergt. Westgate gave" The CommIttee. Amb. Officer Spalding replied on behalf of the latter.

Previous t? the members and their friends had visited the London Hippodrome and enjoyed the WIt and patter of Vic Oliver.

WIMBLEDoN.-The Mayor of Wimbledon, Councillor A. A. Drake, J.P., presided at the of the No. 17 ('Vimbledon and Merton) Division. Supt. Hipkins welcomed SIr Richard Sennett, President of the Division, who wished each member tb.e best good fortune in the difficulties through which they were passing.

Accordll1g to the annual report, 46 members were on active service and 40 on fulltime Civil Defence work, ; c onseq uently the activities of the Division had been curtailed t? a great extent. Public duties had been carried out by the Nursing Division at Cll1emas and, The financial position was hi ghly satisfactory Thanks were extended to SIr RIchard and Lady Sennett for their continued support.

The 1\layor cor:gratulated the members on their endeavours to keep the spirit of the movement. gomg. He fully r ealised and appreciated the value of the St. John and was sure that under the leader ship of Supt. Hipkins it would contmue to flounsh.

SOUTHALL.-A successful dance was held by the Southall-Norwood Ambulance and Nursing Divisions during February. During the evening the Mayor, Ald. Mrs. F. S. Amos, pre1?ented spot prizes consisting of 'W ar Savings stamps. After a few remarks on the work o.f the Brigade, the 1\1ayor handed 1\1iss Peggy Collins (daughter of the DlVIsiOnal PreSIdent, who is also treasurer of the Divisional Building Fund) the sum of £lO.as part of the proceeds of the dance towards the Building Fund.

The amount now 111 hand towards the acquisition of headquarters is over £30 0. ST. JOHN'S WooD.-Lady Supt. Mrs. M. M. Allen, at the annual meetin g of the 115 (St. John's Wood) Nursing Division, stated that the Division was re aistered on January 16, 1940, with a membership of 20. On December 31 last the had Illcreased to 100, is a record. Many members are employed full -time a nu:nber on part-b!lle CI:V1l Defence. The organisations supporte d by the members F and. mobIle uruts, shelter and rest centres, civil hospitals and one member III a hospltal, the warden and auxiliary ambulance services, Church Army pnsoner-ot-war parcels packin g, and the Penny-a- \Veek Fund. One member IS 111 America serving as Liaison Officer to the British War Relief Fund.

During tile year A/S Miss Ortweiler had received the B.E.M. for her work in rescuing peQple from a collapsed building during an air raid. the year, Mrs. Allen expressed her satisfaction with the work done and espeCIally. with the help which was always available from the voluntary members for any Qdd Jobs that came along. In conclusion, she thanked Mrs. Rex Benson for the use of her house as Divisional Headquarters and all officers and members for their during a difficult year.

. 107

No.2 DISTRICT

BATH.-Lady Amb. OfficerMiss N. I: has-been electe4 P!esident C?f the Bath and District Branch of the PharmaceutIcal SocIety of Great Bntam . She IS the first woman to hold this office in the Bath District.

No.3 (EASTERN) DISTRICT

NORTHAMPToN.-According to the annual report of the COrp5 (including the Invalid Transport) for the 941, there was an <?f 33 m sonnel. Owing to the number of members Jommg the Forces c:-nd servIll g wIth the CIvil Defence Serviclts, duties fell heavily on those members available, but all calls were met and the work carried out in an efficient manner.

The work of the Invalid Transport increased over that for 1940. Removal s numbered 4,146 with a mileage of 27,852 . Accident calls were 291. Many cases ,,,:ere removed at night, when the voluntary staff are d?ty, and the T:ansport CommIttee extends grateful thanks to the volunteers for theIr Important servIce:.

LEICESTER.-A film depicting the tr eatm e nt of casualtIes III a bhtz was ShOWlll recently to members of the B.U.S.M. Co. Division. The film was presented by Mr. j Ma g nill, quartermaster , London 1st Detachment, B.RC.S. .

Dr. E, K. Macdonald, M.O.H., proposing a vote of thanks, said that at the St . Philip's F.A. Post, Leicester, similar methods to those shown were used.

Among those present "vere Drs. F. Doleman, J. V. Tollington, C. H. Turner and Fleming, Corps Supt. j. Dexter, and Div. Supt. M. jones, who preSIded.

No.3 ('iVESTERN) DISTRICT

During the visit of the King and Queen to Coventry on 25, the rema.ms of the Coventry and Warwickshire Hospital were inspected. Pnqr to the destructIOn of the hospital last year, a rota of about 70 Brigade personnel-men and womenfulfilled varying duties, particularly during the heavy aIr attacks.

At the inspection over 30 of the personnel who were on duty the hospItal was destroyed were on parade, including three of ten who were wJured.

Her Majesty made personal and kind enqUlnes f!om the members, namely, Pte. D. Bonham, Amb. Sister M. Finlay and Amb. SIster M. WeUmgs, when they were presented to her by County Commissioner Major E. S. Phillips, 1?'S,O

POLEswoRTH .-Although only a new Division, Polesworth Nurswg DlvlsIOn alrec:-dy have 27 members, four of whom are Civil Nursing Reserve, 14 to the CIVIl Defence First Aid Service, one is an ambulance c1river and another a quahfied ambulance attendant.

At a recent successful dance, over £15 was added to Divisional funds.

No.4 (LANCASHIRE) DISTRICT

On March 16, Col. C. J. Trimble celebrated his eighty-sixth and on behalf of all members of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, the Surgeon-m-Chlef sent a congratulatory telegram. .'

LIvERPooL.-Durin g the opening weeks of 1942 the LIVerpool North Nursmg Division suffered the loss of two valued members-Nursing Officer Mrs. Thomas, who passed away on February 13, and Amb. Sister Hill, for rr:-any years Storekeeper and Duty Officer, who died on January 24 Both WIll be much IDlssed.

No.4 (CHESHIRE) DISTRICT

WEST KIRBY.-Althou gh the West Kirby Nursing Division has been formed les s than a year ago, it has considerable amount of work to its due to a.large extent to the energy, ' devotion and leadership of Lady Supt. MISS J osephm,e Duncan. Membership is 26, of which number 2 are with H.M. Forces,. one C.-N.R., <?ne V.A.D., and one doing 28 hours a week as volunteer ambulance dnver, SIX worlung in the local hospital. Clos y co-operation is being maintained with the B.RC.S. West Kirby Branch. .'

A Cadet Division is being formed; already over 140 gIrlS have taken the prehmmary first aid course. '

The Division would like to pay tribute to Div. Surgeon J. R Logan, whose valuable lectures and ready counsel are much- appreciated.

At a recent secial the members were pleased to Lady County Supt. Mrs. Demetriade ' and County Ofncer James Cotter and Corps Supt. T. Armltag.e, <;t n old friend of the Division. Medalliens, pendants and A.R.P. certificates were dlstnbutec1 to successful Gandidates.

No.5 DISTRICT

The following is an extract from a letter received from Lady County. Officer Mrs. Wood to the Lady Superintendent-in-Chief :-" I you wo.uld be to know that during the-recent serious railway disaster to a troop tram at Belghton, near 108

Shef-tield, the. Acting County Commissioner, Mr. H. C. Chambers, has reported to me that the Belghton Nursing Division did excellent work. Two members acted as ambulance attendants taking injured to ho spita l, four gave first aid at the station, three were on duty a.t the F.A. Post. treating minor injuries. Others were busy feeding the troops on the nt g ht of aCCident and mo st of the next day." Mr. Chambers reported that generally speak mg the work of women :vas sp le ndid, everyone doing nerobest and long h?urs were worked. The Belgh ton Nursmg Division is a new Division whIch Mrs. -Wood ll1 specte<.l for the first time last September.

Y?RK.-The first annual for individual merit among the men of the York City DIVISIOn was held on March 3, when 17 c0n:tpetitors presented themselves before Lady MISS KenI?-Y and Lady Amb. Officer MISS M. Banks (both of the York City Nursing DIVISIOn), who jud &ed the event. After a keenly fought meeting, Pte. H. V. Boulton was declared the wmner.

The LO:d Mayor of York (Mrs. E. A. S:richton) presented the trophy and in her remarks saId she h oped that, should an aCCIdent occur to her members of the Briaade would be at hand to give assistance, as she was sure that care would be taken.

The competition was organised by Amb. Officers J. H. Smith and W. Poulter Sgt. S. G. Stead c:-nd t!?-e Social Co.mmittee. The cuP. was named after Sgt. Stead to commemorate hIS untlnng efforts III puttIng the DIVISIOn on a sound financial basis.

No.8 (DUKE OF CONNAUGHT'S) DISTRICT statistics now available disclose keenness of members of the Bn&"hton dur in g 1941. Five thousand, six hundred and one A.RP. duties, amountlllg to 2?,OOO .h ours, were carried out; other duties amounted to 1,287 and 3,304 hours. FIrst aId was .rendered C?n 456 occasions, while 218 sick persons were to. o.r .from hospltal, en tailing a mileage of 1,510.

Nursmg DlvlslOns have spent 1,790. hours assisting at hospitals. Ninety-five of t.he Corps are now servmg WIth the Forces, 66 are engaged on full-time ..l: work m depots and F.A. Posts, 71 members are assisting as part-time members III vanous branches of Civi l Defence.

The Social Committee have arranged a number of activities.

TI:e retirement is of. NIr. Thomas E. Marsh from the position of Corps and MISS S. Coillnson, the Lady Corps Superintendent. Both have gIVen many years of service to the Brigade. Corps Surgeon F. Hugo Stuttaford has been appomted Corps Superintendent.

NO.9 DISTRICT (COU -r:-X OF NORTH, EAST AND MID-DEVON)

Ambulance DIVISIOn has been re gistered in this town, and a Nursing DlvislOn IS also being registered.

War Organ'isation.-}ive ambulances and a Mobile Canteen have Deen allotted to the County, and the Devon Committee has placed these under the charae of Brigade for operatIOnal purposes b

R. A. Nash, of South Molton, has resi gned his appointment as County Surgeon owiI?-g to pressure of work. Dr. Rowland Bramley has been appolllted Surgeon to the Ambulance Division.

NORTHERN IRELAND DISTRICT

South Be lfast (Windsor) Division held a successful dinner recently, the chair bemg taken by lVIr. H. N. B. Palme r, the Vice-President. Councillor W. Dowllllg, M.P., the President, was unable to be present owing to family bereavement. Among. the guests were Heclly Whyte, Lt.-Col. Heath and RS.M. Symes, of a local milltary hospltal, at members of the Division do duty. All spoke of the co-operatlOn between the Bngade and the armed forces and referred to the efficiency ?f the meJ?bers. R.S.M. Symes, before )oining the R.A.M.C., was Divisional Superl,r; Ent;"land and he expressed his pleasure at being among the" Black, white and SLIver agalll.

The local Civi l Defence Services were represented by Capt. Hayes, Civil Defence Officer; Dr. C. S. Thomson, Medical Supt: Officer of HealUl; and Professor Flyn n, ChIef Office;, All the part the Brigade was playing in Civil Defence, Professor l" lynn pOInted out that III the early days, when volunteers were req ulred for F.A. Posts, the South Belfast (Windsor) Division had supplied enough t:amed personnel t? man one of the po sts He also pointed out that of the 56 members, SIX were servmg WIth the Forces, and the remainder were all conne cted with the Civil Defence Services, 13 being full time.

County Surgeon W. M. Brennan and Assistant Commissioner W. Allen also spoke of the work being done by the Division.

for mmlales

Headquarters: Priory House, 4, Cathedral

Road, Cardiff o

GENERAL INTEREST

A progressive year is recorded in the report of the Principal Secretary and Commissioner for Vilales for 1941. The summary of results of the 1,305 classes held in the Principality shows that the awards issued, totalling 22,995, is an. i ncrease of 6,627 on the 1938 result, which was the record issue of awards achIeved dunng any pre-war year.

It is satisfactory to note an increase of 1,021 in the total membershIp of the Bngade in Wales during 1941. The total strength shown in the reports for the 12 months ended December 31, is 17,478, comprising 8,863 men, 3,631 women, 3,544 boys and 1,440 girls. "'d t.

Cases of accident and sickness treated totalled 64,619, tocludtog 3,323 road aCCI en s, and members made 6,206 attendances at Hospitals and Of the 3,631 Nursing members, 1,614 are doing full or part-hme A.R.P. serVice, whilst 3,543. ma.le members are engaged on A.R.P. Service, the number of men recorded servmg. lD H.M. Forces b.§ing 1,610. Of the 756 Nursing members enrolled to .:the N UrSI?g Reserve, 456 have been employed. Taking into account Home MobIle SpecIal Police Force, Auxiliary Fire Service, etc., 7,538 of the 12,494 seDlor members are engaged on war work.

The awards during 1941 bring the total number of recIpIents of the Service Medal to 965, while 400 First Bars, 177 Second Bars, 59 Tlurd Bars, 5 Fourth Bars and 1 Fifth Bar have been granted.

.. • " Major Anderson, M.B., Ch.B., reports in his. capacity as Surgeon-lD-Cbl e f for ,,\ ales that the standard of training is reachmg a higher level, a growl11g keenness on the part 'of members to improve their knowledge being .stimulateu by a greater measure of personal supervision of. the by the .Bngade 1he total of 339 Surgeons holding office m the Bngade m \i\ ales IS 20 more than m 1940.

During 1941 premises at Lower Abercrave and Tylorstown were converted mto Ambulance Halls with arant aid from the Miners' "YeHare Fund. Of the 95 ambulance hails by units, balf of which have beeD: equipped by a free gran.t of furniture frem the Miners' \i\1elfare Fund , 55 are vested m t.he Tru stees Ol the Pnory and 7 jointly in Priory and other Trustees: ..

The number of Medical Comforts Depots remam stahc at 96, the articles Issued on loan during 1941 totalling 10,794. Nohvith standing the n:any demands upon the time and services of Brigade personnel in wartime, the of the I?epots with all the work entailed in the cleansing and care of eqUIpment has been carned on wi1;h unremitting devotion.

The19, 055 cases carried, involving an aggregate mIleage of 320,115, the year 1941 brings the total number of ambulance removals unrlertaken by the .]J n o ry smce the establishment of its Transport Service to 203,780, the ambulances havmg travelled 3,293,087 miles.

. . .

The Service is supported by regular su bscn phons from 31 c.olliery compames approximately 52,000 men in 35 collieries, J 5 otheJ; compal11es employll1g 5,9b men, 84 colliery lodges with a total membership of 29,600, 76 other b?dles ot eT?ployees totalling 6,315, and groups of " outside" subscnbers totailm.g lD 39 dlstnct.s.

Despite the adverse conditions, the efficiency of the service ot 25 a?1bnlances at 22 stations Was adequately maintained One new ambulance ordered m March,. 1940, was completed and into service in March, 1941 ; and the hme taken to two ambulances was nine months , as compared to two to three months m n.ormal

Considerable difficulty in staffing was occasioned by the demands for serVIce, which has claimed nine men since the outbreak of war. Seven new male dnvers have been appoint€d, two women having been employed to fill the place of

The ' number of textbooks and first aid publications sold from the Pnory Stores Department was 7,522, including 1,000 copies of the new" First Aid in Mines." The Vlelsh textbook on Preliminary First Aid is out of print, and the demand does not a.ppear to warrant the printing of a new edition.

The report refers to the Red Cross and St. John War OrgalllsatlOn on whIch tne Priory is represented by its Principal Secretary, the Hon. John H. J.P., D.L., who is also Joint Regional Officer with Sir Ewen J. Maclean, M.D., 1.D.,.1 .P., D.L., between the Joint County Committees in South Wales and Monmouthsbue and the - No.8 Regional Commissioner. The work delegated to the Joint County. is providing welcome opportunities for the close associatioI'l and ha.rmolllous of the two Ambulance bodies; and the roots are well planted for contmued co-operatIOn which need not end with the coming of peace.

CENTRE REPORTS

'WEST DENBIGHSHIRE Commissioner, Dr. G. Pari Huws, in his report on the year 1941 that m spite of many difficulties, the work in the West Denbigh Centre has been although there have been many changes in personnel on account o.f c<l:llmg-up to other places on work of national importance. F.our new DtvlslOns are mcluded the Centre, the Llysfaen Divisions having been transferred from the Caernarvonshire Centre and three Nursing Divisions registered at Colwyn Bay.

The Ruthin and LlanrWst Divisions have done excellent work with their motor covering .4,537 .miles during All the other Divisions are fully occupIed lD staffing FIrst AId Posts and In assistlDg with the training of Association classes, Home Guard, Special Constables and Wardens.

Brigade are now serving with the Forces, many of them havmg gone overseas .early m the war. In addition to Civil Defence duties, Brigade .have mamtamed a good record for the usual public duties during the year. Reexamu:.atlOns have regularly and the results are reassuring. With the of the Ruthm DlvIsIOn, all the Divisions were visited by the Commissioner dunn g the year and were found to be active and eaaer to serve.

CITY OF. CARDIFF. CENTRE.-The newly-formed Whitchurch Nursing Division held Its fir st soclal gathenng on February 26, 1942, when the Commissioner for \Vales and Lady Staff Officer for \Vales (the Hon. John H. Bruce and Mrs. Bruce) presented awards Lady Div. Supt. Miss Margaret Rees welcomed the presence of so many Superio; of the and had great pleasure in calling upon Mrs. Bruce to distribute Prelimmary Cer:Ificates to 23 Cadet members. The Commissio ner for Wales presented of appomtment to Lady Amb. Officer Mrs. Doris Tucker, Lady Div. Secretary MISS M. E. Rosser, Lady Div. Treasurer Mrs . S. G. Townsend, and tady Cadet Supt. Mrs. L. Barnes.

ABERDARE CENTRE.-The summary of the reports rendered to the end of December shows that the membership of the Brigade in the Aberdare Centre has increased by 64 meo:bers to a total of 1,049, comprising 398 men, 134 women, 325 boys, 185 girls and 7 Offic.ers. The Ambulance Divisions treated 4,569 cases, putting in 11,612 dutle.s at Comforts First Aid Posts and Depots, etc. Members of Nursmg DIVISions made collectIVely 1,854 attendances at Hospitals, 2 , 098 at First Aid Posts and Depots. •

Erratum.-Attention is dra"vll by. Mrs. Gilbert Mathias, Chief Liaison Officer, and PembT<?keshIre Group of Hospitals, to an error in the report of her actlVltIes. which .appeared m the March issue, page 80 , of THE GAZETTE. The number of relatIves aSSIsted should read 118 and not 74.

NurSing Items

I:ady to the un.fortunate ahsence of Mrs. St. John Atkinson, throngh Illness, all regarcllDg the Nursing Divisions should be addressed to The Lady LoUIS .Mountbatten, Deputy Lady Superintendent-in-Chief, at 3, Belgrave Square, London, S.W.l, until further notice.

C.N. R. l?eturns.-To eC<:)llomise on the work and postage expense in the counties, the C.N R returns should m future be sent in twice yearly instead of every month. The County agg:regates as at December 31 and June 30 should be sent to the office of the Lady Supenntendent-in-Chief within four weeks of these dates.

C.N.R. Awards.-The Ministry of Health has decided that -in addition to the C.N.R. Red Star a Auxiliary who has completed on or after March 31, 1942, least one year s whole-tIme service in hospital, and has during the precedmg twelve given three consecutive months' or more servi'ce in a sanior. diseases (or the tuberculosis wards of a general hospital) or m an diseases hospital, should. be eligible for a Blue Star aviard, on the re comn:endatlOn of the Ma.tron of the hospital at which she is working.

Tramed Nurses and Nurses are now eligible for the awards of Red Stripes and Red Stars also .for Blue Stripes and Blue Stars respectively, on exactly the same baSIS as for Nursmg Auxiliaries.

C.N.R. Enrolment Age.-The earliest enrolment age for C.N.R. Auxiliaries has reduced from 18 to 17t years.

.St. John of the St . John Ambulance Brigade registered as Nursmg Auxiliaries at December 31, 1941, numbered 12,425.

Obituary

The Chief Commissioner to announce the death of Major Vv. H. F. Noble, L.M.S.S A.,. on March 19. Major Noble was appointed Assistant Commissioner of No.8 Dlstnct on February 16, 1923, since when he was a very active member.

BLOOD TRANSFUSION

By Captain A. C. White K.nox, M.C., M.B., Ch.B.

(Membet' of the Revision Textbook Com11'J,ittee q,nd Assistant Com 'mtssione'Y S.j.A.B.)

There are so many occasions connected with first aid work when blood transfusions will have to be given, that first aiders should be familiar with the technique of administration. .

The Value of Blood Transfu,sion.-The replacement of whole-blood or plasma lost out of .the blood-vessels will obviously be one of the best means of counteracting the great loss of blood pressure arising from loss of blood.

Loss of Whole-blood.-This is due to severe and slow hcemorrhages from wounds and such conditions as malignant growths and ulcer conditions.

Loss of Plas111,a.-This is due' to shock conditions when plasma oozes out into the tissues through the capillary walls, leaving the blood cells in the The transfusion of whole-blood in these conditions would give too light a percentage' of blood cells and so blood plasma alone is more frequently given.

Collection of Blood.-Blood is collected from a donor who has been tested for grouping and purity and is kept in a refrigerator at a steady temperature of about 36 degrees F. It must never be allowed to freeze and is rarely kept for longer than a week.

Apparatus.-The container for the blood is the milk-bottle type with a slight waist ll1. the middle for convenience in handling. The base is encircled with a metal band and loop for suspension , ;\Then inverted and the neck is closed by means of a metal scre,,,' cap with rubber diaphragm.

The bottle has two marks on it: one at 180 c.c. and the other at 540 C.c. 180 C.c. is the amount of Sodium Citrate solution required to prevent the coagulation of 360 C.c. of blood, making 540 C.c. of the mixture. The Sodium Citrate solution in the bottle and the screw cap are sterilised in an autoclave.

Collection.-4-Vvhen the blood is to be collected from the donor the screw cap is removed and a rubber bung, through which pass two glass tubes 3 inches long, is placed firmly in the neck of the bottle. One glass tube has a little lightly packed cotton wool in it , and to the other is attached about three feet of rubber tubing fitted with a hollow needle protected by a glass covering-tube.

The skin over the front of the elbow is bared, cleaned with ether or spirit, and may be painted with iodine; the glass cover is removed from the needle and the needle inserted into the central vein.

It is usually necessary to constrict the upper arm with a rubber tube placed twice round the arm to make the vein stand out. As the blood flows into the bottle, the bottle should be gently rotated to thoroughly mix it with the Citrate solution and when the requir ed quantity is collected, the rubber bung is removed and the screw cap adjusted. The bottle is then stored in a refrigerator until required.

Administration.-The apparatus for administration differs slightly from that for collection.

The wbber bung is perforated with two glass tubes, one long air tube reaching the bottom of the bottle and one short delivery tube to which is attached the rubber tube and needle protected by glass covering tube .

A "gas-mantle" filter of cotton mesh is fastened round the bung and seeurely fastened to the long tube about two inches from the bung so that all the blood passing ,to the short delivery tube must first pass through the filter, thus ensuring that no clots can pass out of the bottle.

Before using, the bottle of blood is placed in hot water for a sufficient length of time to bring the temperature to 104 degrees F. The strew cap is removed and the " ,delivery bung" inserted into the neck. The bottle is suspended from a stand in the inverted position and is now ready for use.

The administration is usually made through a superficial vein in front of the elbow but may be made near the ankle. The skin is bared, cleaned with spirit and painted with iodine. Sterile towels surround the arm and a nurse is ready to apply constriction to the upper arm by means of the rubber tubing to make the 112

Essential knowledge to treat successfully ALL possible injuries

THE HOlJSEHOlD PHYSICIAN

A few of the subjects treated at length :: PEACE·TIME SUBJECTS:

Air Raid Precautions Influenza, etc., Measles, Mumps

Gas Warfare (Special Chart) Catarrh Corns and Warts

First Aid What to Do in Emergencies

Bandages Skin Diseases

Splints Hygiene, Anatomy. Pharmacy Burns Homceopathy, Neurasthenia. The Principles of Nursing

Fainting Child Welfare

375 Prescriptions, etc., etc.

ACC IDENTS-What to do in all cases. HOW TO DIAGNOSE Diseases jrom appearance oj Head, Face, Tongue, Throat, Chest, etc., etc.

H UNDREDS OF TH,E_

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S J G. tio ns."

·choMACH DISORDERS

The acute discomrort recurring' indigestion,' the pain of and dIstenSIon associated with acid dyspepsia, I WIll Yield to treatment with' BiSoDoL. '

Antacid., .sedative and mildly aperient , 'BiSoDoL' is a : finely powder composed of the bases bismuth, soda with papain and diastase , which assist digestIOn. 'BiSoDoL' is flavoured with oil of .making the preparation acceptable to the most patIent and, at the same time, providing a valuable carmma!lve. Relief is experienced soon after the dose is taken.

Nurses are illvit ed 10 se nd [or Samples [or clinical trial. BiSoDol

vein prominent and to facilitate the entry of the needle. The clip on the tube is now relaxed and blood allowed to escape from the end of the tube when the clip is reapplied. Tbe needle is removed from its connection on the end of the tube and forced steadily through the skin and into the vein. The operator will know when the needle is in the vein by blood escaping from the open end of the needle. The needle is now connected with the tube and the clip removed, allowing the blood from the bottle to pass through the tube into the vein. The rate of flow is controlled by the clip -on the tube. Sometimes for slow administration a visua,l glass dropper is fixed in the tube so that the number of drops per minute can be adjusted.

When the needle is adjusted correctly in the vein and the blood flowing, a small piece of gauze is placed over the base of the needle, and a strip of strapping placed over it, and around the patient's -arm, holding the needle firmly in position so that it cannot be moved out of the vein. If more than one bottle of blood is given the nurse must watch the height of blood and notify the doctor when it is gettirrg low so that the <t:hange can be made without the entry of air into the tube.

When the administration is complete, the strapping is removed, the need le withdrawn from the vein and a dressing and bandage or strapping placed over the puncture.

In poor veins it is sometimes advisable to do the open operation, exposing the vein by au incision over it, lifting it upon an aneurysm needle and puncturing direct.

If a quick flow of blood is a Higginson's syringe is attached to the air flow on the bottle and gently pumped to increase the pressure.

Cleaning.-Immediately after using the whole apparatus should be weD flushed with cold water, drained and dried read y for sterilisation. If left for a short time the blood 'will dry inside the apparatus and be very difficult to remove

Blood P lasma .-Citrated blood is allowed to stand until the red blood cells settle to the -bottom of the bottle, when the plasma is aspirated off into a second bottle and kept there just as whole blood is kept.

The advantage is that it can be kept for a long period. It does not have to be grouped.

It may be dried and when required for use mixed with normal saline or sterile water.

It is administered in the same way as whole blood.

QCabrt jlerns

Posters.-Cadet posters are now available depicting both Boy and Girl Cadets Requisitions by Divisions should be made to the Commissioners as individual applications by Divisions will not be accepted

Lady Cadet Officer s' Trai ning Cowse.-The second three-day residential training COlJrse for Lady Cadet Officers will be held at Baron Hartshorne Manor, near Buckingham, from Tuesday, April 21, to Saturday, April 25. Fee for the course is 30s. Applications should be made to Mrs. Beckwith Smith, Stratton Audley Manor, Bicester , Oxfordshire.

Guildford.-During Guildford Vlarship Week the Borough of Guildford Corps Cadet Division held a successful Bring-and-Buy Sale, as a result of which £2 7 7s . was realised .. The event was declared open by Lady County President Lady Harcourt, and among those present were Lady Gounty Supt. Mrs. Thomas and Lady County Officer for Cadets Mrs. Charrington. Much credit is due to Lady Cadet Supt. Miss Elmes, who arranged the sale.

During the proceedings tableaux depicting the Good Samaritan and a modern bicycle accident were very ably presented by the Cadets, being designed by Co rps Officer Hughes. There was also an exhibition of P.T. given by the Cadets.

Olney.-The Olney Cadet Nursing Division was registered on June 1, 1941. Lectures on preliminary first aid was given by Lady Supt. Miss E. M Savory, of the Olney Nursing Division, and 22 -cadets were examined by County Surgeon G. O. M. Dickenson.

On February 11 the officers and members of the Division assembled at their Headquarters to receive their certificates from Lady- County Officer Miss Savory, who congratulated them on having successfully passed. She explained the objects of the 114

BECAUSE

one or other .or all of the three r aces of ge rm s, St r eptococci, S.taphylococcI and B.pyocyaneus are found in every skin infecbon common to this country, and ANTIPEOL 01 Ti.\IENT contal.ns the antibodies (antivirus) of these germs. Healina is expedIted by proved ingredients of the ,?intment, and septic IS stopped or prevented by ItS antivirus steril e vaccme filt rat es. A TIPEOL is unsurpassed for and for It IS nucrobicide and nonadheSIve, and dressmgs do not require to b e changed every day.

RHINO-ANTIPEOL

relief?f C?MMON COLDS, INFLUENZA, AND CATARRH. Contammg the antIbodIes of the germs common to infections of the nose and pha.r?nx (Staphyl?cocci, B.pyocyaneus, pneumococci, pneumoenteroc'?c<!:t, M. catarrhahs, B.Pfelffer), Rhino-Antipeol is not just a but IS a rem over of the cause of the infecti o n. During epidemi cs It IS the Ideal preventive of microbic development.

O PHTHALMO-ANTIPEOL

is a semi-fluid more convenient than the ordinary Antipeo l ointment for ocular mfec.tlOns le sions. affected by smqke and dust are soothed a.lmost ImmedIately by the applIcati on of Ophthalmo-Antipeol and the antIvIrUS prevents germs from developing. '

Clinical Samples on request from MEDICO-IHOLOGICAL LABORATORIES LTD. CARGREEN ROAD, SOUTH NORWOOD, LONDON S , .E.2S 115

Cadet movement and the ways in which each member could play her part. All members, together with parents present, were entertained to tea by Mrs. Harris, a member of the senior Division, who has taken a great interest in the children and help ed with their training.

Lady Cadet Officer Miss M. Coltart is giving a course of lect ures of preliminar:y home nursing, whilst Lady Supt . lVliss E. lVl. Savory has a class of 20 recruits for first aid. Already members of the Cadet Division have made themselves useful in many ways.

Lymington.-The Hon. Mrs. \Vhitaker opened a successful sale of work held recently by the officer and cadets for tunds towards the provision of new headquarters which are badly needed owing to the rapidly-incr easing strength of the Division. The sale realised over £30, which will be placed in National Savings.

During January the Cadets took part in the National Salvage Drive and a competition was held among the members for the cadet vvho collected the most waste paper The winner was Cadet Peggie Braithwaite, who collected 11 cwts. lbs , Cadet Christine P lumbly collected 7 cwt. 36i lbs., and Cadet Pat Hoare, 6 cwt. 8 lbs. The total collected by the Cadets was 2 tons 14 cwt. 106 lbs. Cadet P lumbly was responsible for 1 ton 3t cwt. being sent direct to Southampton during the last week in January.

Torquay.-Cadcts of the Torquay Nursing Cadet Division attend the Rosehill Children's Hospital every week-end. This hospital has two wards and 31 beds and the patients vary from babies to grown children. Duties given Lo the Cadets are various and instructive and consist of helping to \\'ash patients, in making beds, serving meals, dressing the children and attending to babies' laundry.

Miss Ham. the lVlalron, when visiting the wards was much impressed with the work of the Cadets and informed the Cadet Superintendent, Miss Foot, lhat she has taken particular notice of the efficient work carried out and hoped that some of the Cadets would later become probationers and lake the necessary training for nurses.

Recently 41 members of this Division took part in a Youth Rally and l ater in an exhibition in the Town Hall gave a demonstration of their work. The Education Secretary of the Borough was so impressed that he asked the Cadet Superintendent to arrange for le.ctnres to be give n in the schoo ls under his control. This is now being done on four nights a week with good restllts.

MARKING SHEET

Metropolitan Folice Competition

INDIVIDUAL TESTS. Judge: lJR. R. V. STEELE.

Nos. 1 AND 3.-A Constable off duty at a Section House is carrying a tray of glasses upstairs when he s lip s and falls forward on his right hand and elbow. You hear the crash and have brought a haversac with you. Act as you should. Time 6 minutes.

NOTE FOR JUDGE .-Clean incised cut palmar artery . Sprain right elbow. Shock. Max. Marks Max. Marks

Mode of approach. scious? (Yes)

Encouraging words Is patient con- Examine elbow for wound or deformity

(None) swelling (Yes)

Note and character (Bright red and spurting)

Enquire locality of pain (right elbow and hand)

Immediate compression of brachial (one bearer)

Enquire if patient can move elbow (Yes)

Eliminate fracture of forearm (Signs and symptoms absent)

Seat patient comfortably

Examine wound-clean cut palmar arch.

Is wound obviously dirty? (No)

Any foreign bodies? (No) .,.

Elevate hand and keep it so

Antiseptic to fingers and wound

Cover with clean dressing

Hard pad in palm grasped by patient

Bandage as per figure 10 Book

Release brachial and see if bleeding stopped (Yes)

to carry

by

Bearers face each other and stoop, one on each side

Each passes his forearm nearest to the patient's head under the back, just below shoulders and take hold of clothing

Raise patient's back and pass their other forearms under middle of thighs and clasp hands , , Bearer on left of patient with palm up, handkerchief folded in hand

Bearer on right,

H . HA 01 the 12th Held Ambulance '." wntes :- May I take this oppo rtu nir f my sincere ?ratil ude for the b e n et,t 0 1 I am yo.ur well-knuwn P:OdUlt 'ASPRO for m Y subJected to colds, In fact have been of y?ur wo n derful cold after another y_s lnl an .campaign I had one

I ,and haVing

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:I:e :; I will no, tabt(!t s .Iep comrortably. ASPRO' I e one moment In recommenoin g to my sleeplessness and even tooch che soldier on Active Service without thanklul equipped. I am hon"stly

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Max. Marks

Brought Forward 44

Rise and step off, bearer on right with right foot , left-hand bearer with left foot

Place patient on beel; enquire comfortable position

Treat elbow for sprain, arm raised on pillow

Apply cold to point

Nos. 2 AND 4.-You two are going to practice in the Blackout with a haversac

You hear cries from an outhouse in a nearby garden and on entering the door you find the lights on. The outhouse is blacked out and you see the patient propped against the wall. Act as you should. Time 6 minutes.

NOTE TO ]UDGE.-Dislocation right shoulder. Lacerated wound right temple.

Fracture (simple) right patella. Shock.

Method of approach-encouraging words

Enquire where pain-right knee and shoulder, right temple

Note hc:emorrhage right temporal region

Colour of blood? (Red) 1. Flow? (Oo zing) 1

Is wound obviously dirty? (No)

Any foreign bodies or fractures? (No)

Antiseptic .to fingers and wound

Clean dressing, pad and banda ge Is hcemorrhage controlled? (Yes)

Examination of right shoulder.

Strip off coat correctly

Note pain is S<;lvere and sickening near joint

Note loss of power (1) fixity (1) deformity (1) swelling (1)

Expose shoulder

Diagnos e dislocation of shoulder

Apply cold compress .. ,

Support arm in large arm sling

Does cold relieve pain? (Yes)

Examination of right knee-cap. Any hcemorrhage? (None)

Find loss of power (1) irregularity (1) and gap between fragments

Some swelling

Lay patient on his back, raise well and support head and shouldersstraighten and raise limb

Apply splint along back of limb reachin g from buttock to beyond heel

Pads under natural hollow of leg

Secure splint by bandages round thigh and leg ...

Secure foot -by double figure of 8 banda ge round sp lint, ankle, foot and splint, tyin g on top of sp lint below foot

Support foot well off ground by pillow, rugs or clothing -

Narrow banda ge centre above kneecap, cross ends behind over splint, pass to front of limb below knee cap and tie them

Cold compress over fracture

Examination for other injuries (None)

Cover up well and treat shock early ...

Send one bearer to house for doctor (here 15 mins )

Obtain hot drinks

General efficiency

REVIEW

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Beyond doubt the book accomplishes its purpose; and being written in attractive style, it will make the study of first aid a pleasant occupation. Further, since it follows strictly the teaching of the Official Textbook First Aid to the Injured, it will prove useful and interesting ' to the novice no l ess than to the qualified first-aider.

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INTERESTING

CASE REPORTS

CASE REPORT No. 200.-The of the North Riding of Yorkshire S.] A.B. reports the efficient performance of first aid by members of the Saltburn Division in the following circumstances :-

At 6.40 a m on' November 16 a message was received at the First Aid Depot that a bomber has crashed about three miles away Shortly afterwards Transport Officer VV. Brown, with Privates Parks, Ackroyd, Abelson and... Sibley, set off in the ambulance for the scene of the accident. Unfortunately it could not be brought within half-amile of the crashed bomber; and even so the last part of the journey was along a littleused cart track. - Privates Parks, Abelson and Sibley, therefore, proceed ed on foot with equipment and stretcher, leaving the other two to brin g the ambulance to a su itable loading place and, this done, to join their colleag ues .

. One member of the bomber crew was found suspended head downwards among the branches of a broken tree in the side of a steep hill, and he was s ufferin g from pr ofound shock and a compound fracture of the left leg \Vhilst one member of the squad supported the patient, the others treated the fractured le g before getting him down from the tree. He was then loaded on the stretcher and carried half-a-mile to the ambulance.

\iVhen, however, the squad reached the ambulance, they were met by the M.O· and an ambulance from the nearest aerodrome about twenty miles away. The patient was accordin gly left in charge of the M.O., who commended the squad on the way in which they had treated the patient. He also asked them to get from the machine another member of the crew who had been killed when the crash occurred. They did this and eonveyed the body to the mortuary before leaving for home.

COMMENT.-This report repeats the oft-told st01'Y of difficulties faved and overcome by members of the Brigade. Consequently Transport Officer W. Brown and the other members of his party we ll and truly merit cordial congratulations on their successful handling of a difficult eme1 gency.-N. C. F.

CASE REpORT No. 201.-The Com,missioner of the Metropolitan Police reports the efficient performance of first aid by a certificated pupil of the Association in the following circumstances :-

At 12.30 p.m. on January 13 (a bitterly cold day with snow and frost) a gi rl, age eight years, was knocked down by a motor-car in Wickham Road, Croydon. Before the arrival of the police, Mr. Vivian Ernest Chown (who was driving a l orry) had alighted therefrom and rendered assistance, divesting himself of his overcoat and jacket to rest the child -u.pon. Then, having arranged for an ambulance to b e called, he proceeded to examine the child.

Diagnosing correctly that she had sustained a fracture of the ri ght thi gh, Mr. Chown obtained a broom handle which he applied as a sp lint and secured to the child's body with bandages improvised from his own which he tore into pieces for this purpose. As he was completing his treatment Dr. Robert Lindsay drew up in his car. He found that the first aid rendered was pre>mpt, correct and efficient and that there was little further to be done. So, having warmly congratulated Mr. Chown, he stood by the patient, contributed to the final adjustment of the bandages and l en t his overcoat which, with that of Mr. Chown, was used to wrap the child until the ambulance arrived.

The child was conveyed to Croydon Hospital, and when she was seen half-au-hour later by Dr Lindsay in the receiving ward, she had recovered greatly from the shock of her accident. He reported that in great measure her good general condition was the result of the immediate action properly applied by Mr. Chown.

COMMENT.-Not once but many times have first aiders torn up th eir shirts and thereby improvised bandages wi th which to treat th eir patie11,ts. Such personal sacrific e is dO'ubled in these war years with the introduction of clothing coupons.

For this cause a'l'J- d also for the words of commendaiion of the doctor who took charge of the patient Mr. V. E. Chown is congratulated on good wor k we ll done midst frost and snow.-N C F.

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

FLUSHED FACE WITH COMPRESSION

A. H. (Middlesbrougb).-I would be greatly obliged if you will tell us the reason for the flushed face whi.ch occurs in cases of compression of the brain. Meanwhi.le I thank you for past favours. 120

BURNS

BURNOJ modern treatment for. Wounds, Cuts, Burns and Scalds -IS superior to all former treatments !t pain at once, without mg addItIOnal smarting Th'nk h • 1 W at means frightened children. 'This mstant relzef minimises shock - cools soothes, comforts. Wounds can be th '_ oughly washed after treatment ·th or th 1 h . ' WI out e usua urtmg and discomfort.

SCALDS

Because it c?ntains Copper Guaiacol SUlphonate, BurnoJel heals far more qu"'ckly j. d. .. ,reqUIres ewer ressmgs and does not cause scarrin . Many factories now use Burnojel in 1 g·f tannic acid and iodine. pace 0

Highly Antiseptic and Styptic

Get a of Burnojel from your Chemist now and keep It handy for instant use. '

STANDARD SIZE 118

WOUNDS

SMALLER SIZE lOd.-

A1anufactured by A. de St. D almas & Co. Ltd. Leicester.

With compression there is increased pressure within the skull. This affects the vasomotor centre in the medulla and causes dilation of all blood vessels, including those of the face and ,trunk. Consequently, there is flushing of the face and loss of heat from which we seek to minimise 'by wrapping patient warmly with blankets 01 other coverings,--:,N. C. F.

TREATMENT OF COMPOUND FRACTURE

G. B. (Blackpool).-During a lecture given to members of the Civil Defence (F.A,P.) a surgeon on the staff of the local hospital stated that where a compound fracture of a limb exhibited protruding bone, he would prefer that-using common sense and carewe should apply extension j:!ven to the point of causing the bone to return into the flesh. Such extension to be then rigorously maintained. His reasons were that (1) the patient may be relieved from pain, thus lessening shock; (2) the risk of increasing infection could be disregarded as the invasion would already be complete; and (3) on arrival at hospital the surgeon's work would be helped by this preparatory treatment.

Please do not remind me of p. 67 in the Textbook. We have a majority of S.J.A.B. people and controversy rages. May we await your reply ,vith interest?

It seems to me that your swrgeon-lectu1 er was speaking in terms of tr eatment given by a doctor immediately after the accident. In point of fact, this can rarely happen because the pa.tient- is seldom found u.ntil some time after the occurrence. '

Further, I cannot agree with his second reason because, as a result of hcemorrhage, germs would most likely be washed away from the wound and any remaining infection would be superficial rather than deep. In these circumstances, extension would pull the fragments into the wound and might facilitate deep-seated infection.

In short, my advice is that in your treatw/'ent of compound fractur es you act strictly in accord,ance with the instructions of the Textbook.-N. C. F.

FRACTURED NECK OF FEMUR.

A. G. (Kibworth).-Please tell me how we should treat a patient suffering from fracture of the neck of the femur. Should we treat it as for fracture of pelvis or as for fracture of thigh ,vith one bandage <?n1y just below pelvis?

Also please tell me in what position the foot would be.

The Textbook does not expect first aiders to diagnose exactly 'the site of a fractur ed femur. Consequently you should treat all cases of this injury precisely as laid down on p. 88 of the Textbook.

With fracture of the neck of the femur, the limb would i11, all probability be found with the foot lying on its outer side.-N. C. F.

ASPHYXIA FROM BLAST.

A. G. (Kibworth) .-Recently we were given a test and told to treat a man who was knocked out by blast and was found lying on his back unconscious and not breathing.

I turned him on to his face and at once commenced Schafer's artificial respiration ' and instructed a bystander to cover his body and lower limbs a blanket. After a time consciousness was restored and breathing was So I examined for injuries and found that he had sustained a simple fracture of the ribs.

Please tell me how I should have acted after I had restored breathing and consciousness.

Your action was perfectly correct because, even when the ribs are fracture a, the Schafer 'method will not aggravate this injury, the pressure being exerted on the loins and not on the ribs.

If in such a case you did succeed in restoring patient to consciousness by re-establ'ishment of breathing, then all that you would have to do would be to treat the fractured ribs and to watch the patient carefully in case he again lost consciousness and ceased to breathe.-

N. C. F.

FRACTURE OF CERVICAL VERTEBRAE

A. G. (Kibworth).-Please tell me if it is a fact that a person suffering from fracture of the cervical vertebrae (broken neck) is as good as dead and that we need not bother with him.

I t is not for fi rst aiders to assume that patients Me dead (P'Yinciple No.1, p. 23 of the Textbook). This applies pa'Yticula'Yly to cases of f'Yacture in ce'Yvical 'Yegion of the spine, f'Yom which inju'YY patients have been known to 'YBcove'Y.-N. C. F.

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PADDINGTON

GAR R 0 U LD

1001 150-162, EDGWARE ROAD , LONDON, ' W.2

T.I.C rams : GARROULD, LONDON

In order TO OBTAIN UNIFORMS FOR OFFICERS & MEMBERS, an arrangement has been made between the Board of Trade and the St. John Ambulance Association, particulars of which can be obtained from the Officer in charge.

Uniform by Garrould ensures correct design. high grade materials selected for smartness and hard wear.

PERMIT OR OFFICIAL HEADED PAPER MUST ACCOMPANY EVERY ORDER.

PRICES OF OFFICE.RS' UNIFORMS AND OTHER ITEMS NOT MENTIONED IN THIS ADVERTISEMENT SENT eOST FRf;E

All prices are liable to advance without

S.J.A. NEW REGULATION APRONS for Ambulance Sisters Made from hard-wearing linen-finished apron cloths. Price includes cross Waist : 26, 28, 30 or 32 In. Len&ths : 26, 28, 10, II in. 6/6

Waists: 34. Len,ths : 26,28, 30,llln. 7/6

Waist: 37 In., 7/11

I.J.A. NEW REGULATION COAT

Cut and from fully Ihrunk and showerproofed material, half lined with ,rey Italian cloth Prices Include buttons. An official order for H.Q. to supply us with badges and buttons must b. sent with every order. Women's Sizes 9010.5. 95/6 Ex. O.S 105/· STOCK SIZES-Women's :

Bust : 32,32,33,34,35,36,36,36,37,38,18,1'

Lith. : 44,46,44,46,45,44,46,48,47,46,48,48

O.S. 40, 40, 40, 42 X O S 44, 46

S.J.A. REGULATION HAT for Offic.rs and Ambulance Sisters. Fur Felt, 29/6and Wool Felt , Members 16/", Officers 19/ 11. Bad&es only obta inable from H Q. Sizes: 6t, 6t, 6t, 61,7, 11 ,'7t, 7i ·

Storm Cap 12/6

NEW ' REGULATION DRESS for Ambulance Sisters Made from load Sanforized - Shrunk washing material.

Bodice unlined. Women's, 2116

Bodice lined, Women's 24/6 OFF DUTY DRESS&S In Grey Matalaine Wm's 59111

Made to Measure Wm s 67/In Grey Lystav Women s 35/-

STOCK SIZES (Women's) :

Bust : 34, 34, 36, 36, 36, 38, 38, 38, 38

Waist: , '26, 26, 28 , 28, 28, 30, 30, 31, 31

Skirt: 28, 30, 28, 30, 32, 30, 32, 30, 32

REGULATION CAP for Ambulance Sisters,27 by 18 ins. or 28 by " Ins , 1/8

REGULATION CAPE.- Made in re,ulatlon grey cloth, lined with all, wool red flannel, 42/-

N,UMERALS

OBTAINABLE FROM HEADQUARTERS ONLY t6< :ifourn.t of t6e in t6e aJeo.fm of t 6e Q;1e nero.Bfe of t6e of Jjt. 3'06n of 3'eruso.fem

V O L. 15. NO.5

CO NTENTS:

EDITORIAL .

PHY S IOLOGY IN FmST AID

MERIT O RIOUS AWARDS '

C O RRESP O NDENCE REQUIRED ON ACTIVE SERVICE

CIVIL DEFENCE SERVICES

THE ST JOHN AMBULANCE BRIGADE AT-HOME

THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRIGADE OVERSEAS

CADET NEWS

ST JOHN'S DAY, 1942

PRI O RY FOR WALES

T HE HOSPITALLERS' CLUB

INTERESTING CASE REP O RT S

Q UES T IONS AND ANSWERS

EDITORIAL OFFICES : ST JO HN' S GATE, E.C.1. (All rep orts, etc. , shoul d reach t h e E di tor not lat er t h an the 28th of the month )

PU BLISHI :t'itG O FFICES: 11- 13 , BREAM' S BU I LDIN G S, L ONDON , E .C.4.

BURNS,

HE.AL RAPIDLY and

ILL NOT TURN SEPTIC IF TREATED WITH

BECAUSE

one or other or all of the three races of germs, Streptococci, Staphylococci and B.pyocyaneus are found in every skin infection common to this country, and ANTIPEOL OINTMENT contains the antibodies (antivirus) of these germs. Healing is expedited by the proved ingredients of the and seP1?-c development is stopped or by Its sterile vaccine filtrates. ANTIPEOL OINTMENT IS unsurpassed for BURNS and SCALDS, for it is microbicide and nonadhesive, and dressings do not require to be changed every day.

RHINO-ANTIPEOL

affords rapid relief of COMMON COLDS, INFLUENZA, AND CATARRH. Containing the antibodies of the germs common to infections of the nose and pharynx (Staphylococci, Streptococci, B.pyocyaneus, pneumococci, pneumobacilli, enterococci, M. catarrhalis, B.Pfeiffer) , Rhino-Antipeol is not just a palliative, but is a remover of the cause of the infection. During epidemics it is the ideal preventive of microbic development.

OPHTHALMO-ANTIPEOL

is a semi-fluid ointment, more convenient than the ordinary Antipeol ointment for ocular infections ....nd lesions. Eyes affected by smoke and dust are soothed almost immediately by the application of Ophthalmo-Antipeol, and the antivirus prevents germs from developing.

Clinical Samples on request from M ED I CO-BI OLOG

t6e <bffleiClf ,iournClf of tf)e in t6e Darttis6 (ReClfm of QienerClBfe of tf)e i;)ospitClf of ,iof)y(' of ,ierusClfem

Edited by GEORGE E. CRAFT, F.R.S.A.

VOL. 15. NO.5

EDITORIAL

The training of the boys and girls of to-day in preparation for their responsibilities and duties as men and women of to-morrow is an important feature in the Government's plans. Youth Organisation will play an important part in our life after the war; and a correct training now will not only make them better citizens of the future but will also do much to bring about improvements throughout the country.

\Ve of the St. John Movement have an especial interest and an important part to play in this direction. It may not be generally known that the first Juvenile Unit of the St. John Ambulance Brigade was formed as far back as eptember, 1903, when the Sutton-in-Ashfield (Nottingham) Division, through the efforts of 1st Officer /'>- . Wingrove, enlisted 36 youths, whose ages were between 14 and 17 years. This « reserve" flourished for several years and s upplied recruits for the Ambulance Division. It was not until March , 1922, hO\vever, that the then Chief Commissioner issued the first Brigade Order with reference to Cadet Divisions. It is with this part of our organisation that we can assist the Government Youth Organisation.

Since the commencement of the War, ' many juvenile organisations have been inaugurated: some as training grounds for the Services, others having a domestic background. The St. John Cadet Movement aims at both. For the boy and the girl there is first and foremost the important initial training in first aid, and, in addition, home nursing for the girl.

These two subjects alone teach the children of to-day how much suffering they can alleviate in cases of sudden accident and illness; and what better service can be given than that? In addition to first aid and home nursing many other subjects are included in the Cadet curriculum, such as Child ,\Velfare, Hygiene, and Cooking, all of whjch tend to prepare them for their future place in the world.

It is, therefore, the duty of every member of Adult Divisions to aid as much as is in their power the formation of Cadet Divisions in their locality. If there is already a Cadet Division in existence, then they can act as recruiting agents among their neighbours' children.

The Chief Commissioner attaches much importance to this 'work and has appointed two special officers to be in charge of the Boy and Girl Cadet Divisions respectively. On them is placed the responsibility of the extension of the Cadet Movement. \Vithout the assistance of the Adult Divisions they \vill have a hard fight; therefore this is another call to members for further service in the St. John cause.

PHYSIOLOGY . IN FIRST AID

By M. M. M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P.

(lI!fel11,ber of the Textbook Revision Committee and Divisio nal Surgeon, S .J.A .B.)

THE CIRCULATION OF THE BLOOD

First aiders '''lill on more familiar ground in the circulatory system, because a rudImentary knowledge of this is essential for the scientific control of hcemorrhage.

of the blood were discussed and detailed in a previous article , when. It was out that is a limited quantity in the body and must contlllue to functlOn until its cells are worn out and replaced. IS made by a circulatory system, whereby the blood returns to ItS. POlllt at the end of each circuit The commencing point of thIS crrculatlOn IS the Heart, the circle being comp leted by a series of tubes or blood vessels, namely, the Arteries, the Capillaries and the Veins.

THE BLOOD VESSELS

.The Arte1 ies -These are th€ branches of the Aorta and Pulmonary Artery whIch leave the at the left and right ventricles respectiyely (see later) , the the of. the b.ody, apart from the lungs, thereby parhclpatlllg 111 the Systellllc Clrculahon, the latter being confined to th e thereby participating in the "Pulmonary Circulation." The arterie s dIVide and sub-divide, th,?s smaller and eventually beco?1e so as to ment the dlmmuhve name of Arterioles, which in turn are contmuous With the Capillaries.

On cross section, an <:trtery is see?- .to be composed of three coats or layers: (a) a fibrous outer (b) a thicker middle layer composed of muscle and elastIC (MedIa); (c) an inner coat, formed by a single layer of c.ells whIch prevent the blood from clotting (Intima). the intermediate stage between the artenes and th e vems, and It IS at thIS point in the circulation that the blood comes into intimate contact with the body tissues, so that the interchanae of the chemical substances and gases is effected. Each capillary is of a smgle la yer of cells and is just sufficiently large to allow the passage of a red blood corpuscle.

The Vei:zs:-These originate in the tissues by the union of the capjllaries, now Jom together to form Venules (or little veins). The venules in turn umte to form the larger vessels, which ultimately convey the blood back to the heart.

In the resembles the artery, except that the mIddle coat IS much thinner. Moreover, along its course there are a series of pocket-like

1folds , formed by the inner coat. These constitute the valves, th:e functions of which is to prevent the backward flow of blood.

A knowledge of the structure of the blood-vessels will assist the first aider in appreciating the character of hcemorrhage If an artery is partly severed it may still remain tubular, because of the Val veinvsal and thi.ckness of its walls. Consequently hcemorrhage yes open. yes closed b d . . m<:ty e COnSI erable. If It IS completely severed, the. coat tends to curl Inwards so as to partly close the opening, thereby the control of the bleeding.

Vellls cOll.apse when severed owing to their thin walls, so that hcemorrhage. IS not. ordmanly so severe, or so difficult to contro l as in the case of the artenal vanety.

cannot collapse when severed, because they conta in no muscular or elashc hssu e; consequently they remain patent, and the blood simply oozes out from them.

THE H EA RT.-The heart is a hollow muscular organ, approximately the size of the clenched fist, and averaging about 10 ounces in weight. It is situate in the lower part of the thorax, so that it lies behind the Sternum and inner portions of the ribs, between the lungs, and above the diaphragm. It is somewhat conical in shape, the base facing upwards, backwards and to the right, and the apex downwards, forwards and to the left. In relation to the surface of the body it be observed that approximately one quarter of the organ lies to the right of the mid-line, and three-quarters to the left, and that the apex lies at a point about! of an inch internal to the vertical line drawn through the left nipple in the space between the 5th and 6th ribs. This point is important inasmuch as it is here that the heart beat, or " Cardiac Impulse," is best felt.

The Structure of the Heart.-The heart is enclosed within a membranous bag called the" Pericardium," the inner layer of which is adherent to the heart muscle itself. The pericardium secretes a watery fluid into its interior, which thus fulfils the doubl e purpose of lubricatin g the heart surface and acting as a buffer between it and the adjacent structures.

The he art muscle itself is called the "Myocardium " This is a special v ariety of involuntary muscle, so constituted as to allow the heart to contract and relax in a r h ymic manner.

The lining of the heart is called the "Endocardium." This is a smooth structure which by its infloodings is primarily responsible for the formation of the heart valves.

On opening the heart, it found to be divided in its l ong axis into two halves, each of which is independent of the other. Moreover, each half is divided into a basal section, or" Auricle," and an apical section or " Ventricle." Each auricle communicates with its corresponding ventricle by an opening wh ich is guarded by valves, so that the blood may pass from the former to the latter without backflow. If the first aider remembers that the auricles are the receiving, and the ventricles the discharging chambers, and that the right side of the heart deals with non-oxygenated blood only, and the left side solely with the oxygenated variety, he will have no difficulty in understanding the circulation of the blood through the heart itself. A" B. The

Moreover, since the left ventricle is

responsible for driving the blood through

the

the bulk of the body, while the right AO the Aorta. is concerned exclusively with the lungs, he will well appreciate the reason why the left ventricle is so much thicker than the right.

The right auricle receives the blood from the Superior and Inferior Vence Cavce, which collect the venous blood from the upper and lower parts of the bod y respecti vel y.

The opening between it and its corresponding ventricle is guarded by three valves collectively known as the" Tricuspid Valve."

The right , ventricle is of necessity thicker than the auricle, as it has more to do. From its interior protrude three conical masses· of muscle (the PapIllary Muscles), each being connected to the two cusps of the tricuspid valve by " Tendinous Cords."

The outlet of the ventricle leads into the pulmonary artery, the opening bemg guarded by three cusps rather like watch packets, which thus collectively form the" Pulmonary Valve."

The left auricle receives two pulmonary veins from each lung, thus making

four in all. Its opening into the corresponding ventricle is guarded by two valves, collectively forming the" Bicuspid" or " Mitral. Valve ".

The left ventricle is likewise thicker than the auncle. It .1S SImilar m structure to the right ventricle, except that there are only two papillary muscles because there are only two valves between it .and the Its outlet leads into the Aorta which aaain resembles the nght auncle m belllg guarded by three cusps, which thus form the " Valve."

The Ner v ou s Mechanism of th e H eart.-Ordmarily the heart n: uscle contracts with a series of rhymic impulses, which originate in a collectIon of tissue called the" Sinuauricular Node," situated near the entry of the Supeno r Veria 'Cava. This node is sometimes referred to as the" Pace Maker:' of heart, and from it the beat spreads across the walls of the auricles to the Junct:on of the auricles and ventricles, where they become taken up by another collech?n of nervous tissue, the" Auricular Ventricular Node," which in turn transm1ts the impulses to the ventricles.

Other nerves may, however, modIfy the rate of the heart bea.t, e. g., stImulation of the Sympathetic Nerves causes an increased rate , whIle that of th e Vagus Nerve has precisely the opposite effect (To be con clu d ed)

The following hav.e been to n?tice of the Chief Commissioner for gallant and devoted. service dunng Air RaId s , and have ?een a.warded the Meritorious Service Certificate of the St John Ambulance BngadeName. Rank Unit

- -

W. H ANDREWS DjSupt. Birmingham New Street L.M.S Division

J. LEWIS Corporal B.A T. (Liverpool) Division

E. C. EVANS Private Fishponds Division

L. C BANHAM Private Great Yarmouth Division

W. STRANGE Corporal Edmonton Division

B. PATMAN do do

E. SIMMONDS Amb/Sister Ardwick Nursing Division

- T J ssop Private Hackney Division

CIVIL DEFENCE SERVICES

By W. C. Bentall, O.B.E., F.R.C.S., F.R.G.S.

THE RELATION OF CIVIL DEFENCE TO THE SERVICES OF ATTACK

Relating to the War it is frequently said" We must attack the enemy and not merely act on the defence": there is no doubt this is b e in g done, as evidenced by Russia in the East, Australia and America in the Pacific and Britain in the increasing day and night raids on munition areas over Germanoccupied Europe The welcome changes suggest a nearer day for our victory and a shortening of the war with its long lists of casualties . As d efence give s place to attack we are likely to find repercussions occurring on the Civil Defence services Two things are obvious: (1) Many of our Civil Defence s ervices are overstaffed and many of the personnel find it difficult to fully occupy their times between blitzes, and some have never been in a bli tz; (2) the time of the final victory is lessened by the amount of men, women and th eir equipment of munitions, etc., that can be put into the attack on the variou s front s Surely no fault can be found if the next chan g es show considerable transfers from those working in (1) to those needed in (2)

For this we must surely stand prepare d, and those who are o ver military age and many of our voluntary services will naturally be only too glad to give longer hours to the work, and if certain First Aid Posts or Parties have to be given up they will be equall y glad to fill an y vacancies in other places caused by reduction of staff going to munitions or active service.

Beyond our basic training of First Aid, the higher training of our work as leaders of parties , or the team training of our post personn el , and th e blitz experience training no w ta xi n g our J ime and en er g i es, th ere will therefore likely come the call to us for man y change s in time and place for the v ari o us se rvices in Civil Defence.

Alread y we have heard of " freezing " of our voluntary personnel , r e ducing some of our Mobile First Aid Posts to Light Mobile Units , or some of our F irst Aid Posts to Upgraded Points. And there may be sug g estions o f bigger changes in our work in the evolution of the War and the opportunity of cooperation as opposed to disgruntlement should be welcomed by us if these changes come.

In many of the Regions schools are bein g built up to enable the personnel of the Services to have more and fuller trainin g together. Entrance to these schools in your own areas may be obtained by requesting th e lo c al Medical Officer of Health for details of procedur e so that these ma y be attended. Both voluntary and paid personnel may com e to th ese schools. Thus Rescue Parties, First Aid Parties, Ambulance Drivers and Attendants , and in some places Wardens and First Aid Post Workers may be admitted for special courses of training.

Correspondence Required

Lieut. H. Wiremu, a member of the Rotorua Division of the Auckland . New Zealand, Brigade Overseas, is now a prisoner of war, and the. followm g IS an extract from a letter received from him: " I would be very pleased If could ask some of your members to write to me I was in En gland for ab<:mt months before going abroad, and was in the South of En gland m ost ?f the tIme

We feel that many members will respond to our colleague s request, whose addre ss is: Lieut H. Wiremu, 264, 5 / BN, Oflag Vib.27, Germany.

ON ACTIVE SERVICE

It is with deep regret we announce the death of X7842 S.B.A. W. of wOlmds in a hospital abroad. Private Dixon was a member of the B DIvIsIOn, Nelson Corps.

The Commissioner of the No.1 DIstnct, S.J A.B., reports wIth regret that Pnvate A. B. Emery, of the Fulham and Chelsea Division, serving with the R A M.C , has been taken prisoner of war at Singapore.

In some areas the St. John Ambulance ' Brigade and British Red Cross Society are asking for lecturers to come and address a conjoint meeting on the latest developments of our Services, and if such happen to be available in your area be sure and attend them and man y of your difficulties will be cleared up by such a lecture , or by questions you ma y wish to put up.

Those of you who have had y our Ga s Training should g e t in touch with the Housewives' S ervice in your district and place y our servic es at their disposal for homely talks on w hat the ordinar y man or w oman may do to assist and cleanse gassed peoples in their own homes. This is very much real " First Aid, " in certain conditions of gassed patients we are told that, after the first five mmutes, treatment will be too late to be preventive of serious trouble.

The procedure of the decontamination of clothing has recently been made cle':lr, and lose no opportunity of availing the chance of attending practices whIch you may hear of being carried out in your neighbourhood, at the dumps or laundries.

Qtbe J obn mt=uome

HEADQUARTER NOTES

St. John Badge on Home Guard Uniform.-The War Office has approved of members of the Home Guard who have the Association first aid certificate wearing the St. John Badge on the left sleeve. Members of the Brigade will wear the worsted badge of the Brigade and not of the Association. Applications for the badges should be sent through the Superintendent of the Division concerned to the Stores Manager, St. John Ambulance Association, Willey Park, Broseley, Shropshire.

St. John V.A.D. Commandants.-As Commandants of the British Red Cross Society now wear three stars as their insignia of rank, a difficulty occurs in V.A.D. Units in S€rvice Hospitals where officers of the Brigade doing equivalent work to that of the Society only wear one star as a Divisional Superintendent. The Chief Commissioner has therefore authorised St. John Commandants, while carrying out their V.A.D. duties in Service Hospitals, to put up three stars as a war measure. When not on duty in such hospitals the officers will revert to the insignia appropriate to their rank in the Brigade.

Uniform Rationing: Full Time Workers.-Officers and members are reminded that those in possession of uniform on November 1, 1941, come under categories Ib, lc and Id and are only eligible for annual replacement grant as shown under the Schedule, but MUST surrender 12 coupons annually if they wish to avail themselves of this concession, irrespective of whether they require replacements in anyone year. Further, they MUST submit their coupons for the current year not later than June 30, 1942, otherwise they will not be given an opportunity of joining the coupon equivalent scheme in subsequent years. This also applies to full-time officers and members joining since that date who wish to avail themselves of the initial and replacement concessions.

Officers and members who have taken advantage of the coupon equivalent scheme will have to surrender 12 coupons for the rationin g year commencing September 1, 1942. On and after August 31 next the instalment system of coupon collecting will be discontinued . The 12 coupons required after that date must be submitted at one time.

' Attention to the following will greatly assist the Brigade Headquarter clerical staff: Date of enrolment must be given on. UCE/l; date of promotion for newly-promoted officers must be given; the UCE/l is not a Store order form , but orders will be forwarded to the Stores Department providing a written order on Brigade notepaper, giving particulars of monies, etc , accompanies the UCE/l; only ONE UCE / l is required for each member: if a coupon equivalent is required for more than one supplier this can be stated on the UCE/l; when applying for a second or subsequent equivalent do not forward the coupon receipt. Particulars of each member's application is filed in the Brigade Office and full information is therefore available for the Brigade Staff.

Too many equivalents are being returned owing to (a) not stating exactly what is required; (b) not giving length and width of materials (coat length and lining might be any length); (c) not giving date of enrolment; (d) not giving date of promotion

A second equivalent can be obtained, if members are entitled to it, providing the DeE/1 is marked" Further Application." Finally, when applying for UCE/l 's please state number of forms required; "a supply of UCE/l's" may mean anything from 2 to 200.

No.1 (PRINCE OF WALESIS) DISTRICT

BARNET.-Following a course of lectures on first aid given by Dr. J. T. Llewellyn Thomas, and arranged by the No. 42 (Barnet) Division, 66 candidates were successful at the examination. Of these 35 gained certificates, 19 vouchers, 7 medallions and 5 labels. The lectures were well attended by Wardens, First Aid Auxiliaries and others, the practical work being done under the direction of Supt. A. E. Hawkins, who was assisted by members of the No. 42 Division and the No. 84 (Barnet) Nursing Division. ORPINGTON.-Div. Surgeon John Grant presided at the annual meeting of the Orpington Division, at which Supt. A. P. Williams reviewed the work of the Division It was, he said, a year that would go down in the annals of the Division, as last June saw their first motor ambulance in commission. He also announced the formation of a Nursing Division.

.

According to the annual report the strength had increased to 78 members, of whom 21 were serving with H.M. Forces, 26 in full-time Civil Defence and 18 in part-time. During the year 586 cases received attention, covering some 5,512 miles. Of the cases 72 were attended by the Divisional ambulance, which since June had travelled 3,257 miles; 127 street accidents and 140 private removals were also attended during the year by members manning the ambularu:e of the Orpington D.D.C.

Dr. Grant praised the keenness and efficiency of the members and offered a trophy for individual competition. A silver cup, for team competition, was presented by Amb. Officer H. T. Miles.

A presentation to Dr Grant of an occasional table-bookcase was made to mark the Division's good wishes on the occasion of his recent marriage to Dr. M. K. Evans.

It is hoped that a Cadet Division will be started in the area.

I ROMFoRD.-The strength of the No. 150 (Borough of Romford) Division is now 90, of which number 34 are serving with the Colours, 3 evacuated, and the remainder on either full or part time C.D. work. Notwithstanding calls made by the Forces and Civil Defence duties have been increased. Four of the five cinemas in the Borough are regularly covered; members turn out when required with the Home Guard; and the Borough" Shelter Sick Bays II are staffed and maintained. All these duties are done in close co-operation with the Borough of Romford Nursing Division. A large room has been obtained at a very low rental as headquarters and as a rest room for members going on or coming off duty. To put the room in " ship-shape" ready for the third birthday celebrations, members have been scrubbing, painting, whitewashing, making " black-out II sc reen s, etc The nurses, too, have given much assistance with the prepa rations as it is to be a combined H.Q.; it is hoped to find room also for the two Cadet Divisions.

The Division is to be congratulated on their energy; they have . a fine leader in Supt. Eric Howard, who is a trojan for hard work.

No.2 DISTRICT

MINEHEAD.-County Surgeon W _ Bain presided at the annual meeting of the Division, supported by Supt. F. C. Tarr , Transport Officer G. H Hawkins (treasurer), Amb. Officers W. J Morse and H. S. Hutchings, and Sergt. F. G Jones (secretary).

A summary of activities during 1941 is as follows :-Transport accidents 44, invalids 403, mileage 10,425; cases treated 229 ; public duties 610; A.RP. duties 823 ; transport duties 1,141; hours of voluntary service 7,82l.

Strength of Division 57 members, Dulverton section 9; 17 members are serving with H.M. Forces and the remainder are part-time C.D. workers, being attached to Stretch er Parties or F.A. Posts.

The Cadet report , submitted by Cadet Supt. Pring, gave strength as 33; a high state of efficiency has been reached.

The chairman congratulated the Division on the tremendous amount of time put into their work and in maintaining their high state of efficiency.

ANDOVER.-Div. Surgeon M. B. Savory presided at the first animal meeting of the Andover Nursing Division, when Lady Supt. Mrs. W. A. Wilson presented her report on the year's work. In crease in personnel had taken place since the Division was registered on March 13 , 1941 ; whilst the number of public duties undertaken was 47. Civil Defence duties numbered 626 . Eight members were enrolled in the C.N.R., seven in the A.RP. Ambulance Service. It was hoped to regi ster a Girl Cadet Division shortly. The Division had helped the Joint War Organisation Penny-a-Week Fund and members have arranged to assist in staffing a Rest Centre should the need arise. Thanks were extended to many who had assisted durin g the year, including the Matron and Staff of the War Memorial Hospital for training.

Dr. Savory in her remarks said that the Division had a real spirit of unity; whilst Mr. W. J Armstead (President, Andover Ambulance Division) congratulated the members on the fine work. Speaking as a councillor, the local authority was gratified to hear of the formation of a Nursing Division to swell the first aid resources of the town' Col. C. E. Eady (Chief Warden, RD .C.), after commending the members on their efficiency, presented awards gained during the year.

LEE-oN-THE-SoLENT.-We regret to announce the death of Sergt. William J. Parsons, of the Lee-on-the-Solent Division. Mr. Parsons joined the Division at its registration in 1937 and did faithful duty during his membership. He was a member of the Crofton First Aid personnel after the war broke out and was subsequently attached to the Lee -o n-Solent F.A. Post.

No.3 (EASTERN) DISTRICT

!--uTo:- -All Ambulance Divisions in the Vauxhall Corps have agreed to pool theIr trammg and practice work for the period of at least six months in order to conconcentrate on a special course up-to-the-minute A.R.P. work drawn up by Corps !nspector of T.raining. The Nursing Division is also embarking on similar work under Its own supermtendent.

The men meet every Monday and operate in six main sections; in turn they spend three weeks on each of the following: Control of bleeding (A R.P. methods) ; resuscitatIon; hand carriage of the injured; immobilisation of fractures (emergency methods); casualty transportation; methods of securing (e.g., improvised King's · 133

Stretcher Harness}; respirator drill; routine duties wearing anti-gas clothing; " quiz" on treatment of War Gas Casualties.

_ This practical sy,llabus has been preceded by lectures from Div. Surgeon A. R Thompson, and the Corps enjoyed a special visit from Dr. D S. Todd-White, now' attached to the Ministry of Home Security as Medical Officer of a Region.

In addition, a special . class is being held on Tuesdays and Thursday s and some 60 members aIm at passIng the Royal Life Saving Examination. annual competition for the" Efficiency Cup" of the Gipsy Lane DIVIsIOn was Judged by Div. Surgeon W. Whiles and Corps Secretary J. W. Farmer. The result was: 1st, A. Henfrey; 2nd, J. Hill. The trophy and replicas were given by the Gipsy Lane Working Men's Club.

Following the presentation was made to Dr. Whiles, who was leaving Mr. L. (presIdent) asked the to accept a gentleman 's dressing outfit as a token of theIr respect and re gard for hIm. Mr. E. Morton (vice-preside nt)

Dr. Whiles, in thanking the members for their gift, expressed regret in leavIn g Leicester, where he had made many friends and had been very happ y. NO 3 (WESTERN) DISTRICT

CRADLEY.-Mr . J. Oakley (president) recently entertained the members of the Cradley Division to a dinner, at which function he was presented with a President's Badge and warrant of appointment by Assistant Commissioner P. H. Schofield , who was accompanied by County Officer D. M. Chapman. The Assistant Commissioner also presented first aid and home nursing awards

Among the guests were the Mayor of Halesowen (Ald. W. Hodgetts, J.P.) , Vicar of Cradley (the Rev. R Yaxley), Mr. E. Hodgetts, Mr. W. B . Southall and Supt. F. Price (Halesowen) .

No. 4 (LANCASHIRE) DISTRICT

LIVER POoL.-The Exchang e Ambulance and Excelsior Nursing Divisions held a presentatIOn of awards ceremony recently, when Mrs. Grace, wife of Supt. W. J. Grace, " A " Corps, presented 29 certificates, 12 vouchers, 19 medallions 47 lab els 20 Home Nursing pendants, 2 Service Medals, and other awards. ' ,

Those present included Div. Surgeons Solomon and Coondoo Supt. W. E. Searl of " B " Corps. "

WYTHENsHAwE.-Members of the Wythenshawe and Northenden Division have learnt witJ;1 that .Private A. J Redfern has been posted as missing on the date of the capItulatIOn of Srngapore. Private Rediern was one of the first members of the Division to go on active service with the RA.M.C. He served in France was in the Dunkirk evacl,lation, and was then sent out East.

No.5 DISTRICT

LEEDs .-The Victoria Nursing Division, Leeds Corps, has suffered a severe loss in the passing of Div. Surgeon Kathleen Wilson. Dr. Wilson enrotled in the Division in 1938, since when she gave of her best to further the work. She was an instructive and interesting lecturer and anxious to give of her time to promote the efficiency of the members

ARMLEY AND WORTLEY DIvIsION .-The annual meeting of the Division was held recently , Mr. Walter O Walker (president) presiding, supported by Supt. A. E. and Amb. Officer W. Pemnent. It was announced that the strength of the DIVIsIOn was 61, all ranks, of which 21 were serving in H.M. Forces, 8 were in the Home Guard, 24 on A.R.P. work, the remainder essential war work. A large number of fire-watchers and other cIvilians had been gIven lectures on first aid, and a successful year had been experienced.

TJ:is. is the of the Division, having been formed in 1892, but owing to eXIstrng CirGUmstances It was not proposed to hold any e laborate celebrations.

N<?TTINGHAM.-On behalf of the Ministry of Health the Nuthall Nursing Division orgamsed a Blood Transfusion Campai gn. Six hundred leaflets were distributed to Nuthall houses by the Nuthall Cadets, whilst others were delivered to houses in Watnall and Kimberley. The number of donors aimed at was 750 , but so successful were the 882 were enrolled and tested. Lady S upt Mrs. Haggie, to whose orgamsrng ability and energy the result was due , has received a highly appreciative letter of thanks from the Ministry's Medical Officer for Blood Transfusion. annual Corps meeting was presided over by Ald. H. Morgan (presIdent), supported by Corps Supt . J. H. Theaker, Corps Treasurer ' S . Staniforth, Corps Supt. L. Doughty, Div Supts. H. Beverley, W. Crane and T. Brown, Actrng Lady Supt. L. Obeidienski and the Rev. T. Swaby. Corps Supt Theaker gave a report of the year's work. Two things were outstanding: first, the overdraft which had hampered the work of the Corps for 18 years had and a bank balance of £150 now stood to their credit; secondly, three new DIVIsIOns had been added to the Corps, bringing the number of Divisions to 9, 134

with a personnel of 309. Public duties had been performed, the majority at the town's F.A. Posts. Classes had been or ganised in first aid, home nursing, etc. Four members of the Scunthorpe Nursing Division tlid a fortnight's duty in London during the " blitz" period.

No. 8 (DUKE OF CONNAUGHT'S) DISTRICT

RAMsGATE .-A ccording to the annual report of the Ramsgate Town Division 12 members are serving with the Army, 3 in the Navy, 4 with the RA.F., 19 in the A.RP Services, and 1 in the N.F.S. Owing to so many members being on war service certain public duties have had to be cancelled, but the ambulance service has carried on and is ready at all times of the day or night to cover any distance.

During last year 513 patients were removed by ambulance, 190 casualties treated, 939i hours of duty on removals, 6,7491- miles covered by the ambulance. Public duties numbered 92

The report of the Cadet Division shows that a decrease in numbers is due to cadets taking up munition or other work of national importance. An appeal has been made to the young people of Ramsgate to prepare themselves so that the call" Send the Ambulance" will not go unanswered

By the death of Div. Surgeon McShane the Divisions lost a good friend whose valuable work will lon g be remembered. Under the guidance of Dr. D. P. Crawford, who has succeeded Dr. McShane, the members feel sure that the Division will make great strides in the ambulance world.

NO.9 DISTRICT

CAMBORNE.-At a special meeting of the Camborne Division Supt. W. E. Butler tendered his resignation from the position he has held for 17 years. During his term of Mr. Butler has brought the Division to a state of efficiency equal to that of any In the south -west of England, and many speakers regretted his decision.

. Commissioner W. Blackwood, who presided, supported by Assistant CommISSIOner W. W. John ston, said that Mr. Butler had proved himself one of the most valuable officers the Division had had; he not only knew his work but he was a good organiser and lea der.

Mr. Butler expressed regret at the steps which he had found necessary to take; it was owing to greatly increased pressure of work.

Members of the Division asked Supt. Butler to accept an electric reading lamp as a token of appreciation of his work during his membership with the Division over a period of 27 years.

No. 10 DISTRICT

NORwIcH.-Nursing Officer Nurse Hannant, of No.3 Division, gave a very interesting lecture on " Child Welfare" at a recent meeting of the Division. Supt. Mrs. N. T. l:as sugg;ested th<;tt all members sho ul d take a complete course of instruction on thIS InterestIng and Important subject.

Several courses of hygiene have been taken and these lectures make a welcome change from first aid and home nursing.

As it is not possible for all members to arrive at the meetings at the same time Mrs. Denny has introduced a serie s of questions on cards embracing first aid and home nursIng. Each nurse on arrival is handed a card and she immediately begin s the practical or written work mentioned on the card.

NORTHERN IR ELAND DISTRICT

BELFAsT.-Recently a social function was held by members of the Belfast Corpor ation Electricity Department Harbour Power Station Division in honour of Supt. J Sl:aw, who was invested with the insignia of Serving Brother of the Order by Her Majesty the Queen at Buckingham Palace for gallantry during an air raid. W. J. McGirvan, A.M.I.E.E., Deputy City Electrical Engineer of Belfast , an? referred to the excellent work carried o ut by Mr. Shaw and his members, espe cIally WIth regard to the services rendered to fellow workers and others during the he<l:VY air of lc:st year. This Service had been rec ognised by the award of Meritono us Servlce Cerhficates to five members of the Division, in addition to the honour conferred on Mr. Shaw.

Mr. Shaw, in response to the toast, made brief reference to the difficulties which had to be surmounted in carrying out practical first aid under air raid conditions as against which was under normal conditions. He paid tribute to the unswervrng .loyalty he had received from the members of the Division and the support he had receIved from the management of the Electric Department.

Mr. H. Weston, A.M.I.E.E., Power Station Superintendent and Divisional President, tha?-ked Mr. Me Girvan for presiding; whilst Mr. A. R Clague, B.Eng.A.M.I.Meeh.E., Asslstant !?ower Station Superintendent and Vice-president, proposed a vote of thanks to the artlsts

tEbt • .J obn ®btrseas

To THOSE WHOSE Loss WE MOURN

By COLONEL J. L. SLEEMAN, C.B., C.M.G., C.B.E., M.V.O.

(Chief Commissioner, Brigade Overseas)

Although space forbids a 1engthy description of the splendid work of those who represented the Brigade Overseas in the defence of Hong Kong, Malaya, Singapore and Burma, it is clear that they sustained the traditions of the Order worthily. That they suffered heavily is unfortunately certain, although the mist and veil of war screens their subsequent fate.

Deeply as we all regret their self-sacrificing loss, to the Hon. Mrs. Copland-Griffith s and me especially, this sad story brings an even deeper regret seeing that we were privileged to set alight the fuse of ambulance need during our respective tours of 1937 and 1938 which were to result in such success at the psychological time. There is a degree of modesty which thwarts its own effort to describe the good work of others , and I must mention this personal association seeing that we alone are left to tell that wonderful story; of inertia and complacency; of refusal to see the clouds of war gathering, except by those wonderful few who did so much in so short a space of time, and whose loss we now deplore.

Let me add that the difficulties which confronted those splendid men and women were almost unsurmountable in some cases, for it is one thing to start Ambulance Service among a populace which clamours for it, and quite another when some were hostile to it, and most utterly indifferent.

Vividly do I remember on innumerable occasions trying to arouse the interest of complacent officials, and an apathetic general public while feeling all the sensations of some commercial traveller trying to sell a line of unwanted goods. This was especially the case in Singapore and Malaya which had not a single Ambulance or Nursing Division when I reached there in 1937, and it is to our then President, Dr. Webster, and our Assistant Commissioner Dr. R. D. Fitzgerald, and to those very few who aided their efforts, that great credit belongs . . And what a success! From nothing in Singapore and Malaya in 1937, to 86 Ambulance and Nursing Divisions by 1940 (50 surgeons and some 2,000 members)

In Burma within the same period, from a solitary Ambulance Division to 56 Divisions {some 40 surgeons and 2,000 members), thanks largely to our Assistant Commissioner Mr. Justice Ba U and Lady District Superintendent Lady June Hobson. Hong Kong, too, with an ambulance strength of 700 in 1937, had doubled its size by 1941, thanks largely to the remarkable efforts of Mr. Alfred Morris in its earlier stages, and to the subsequent efforts of the Assistant Commissioner, E. M Raymond, ' A. el Arcylli, Dr. Dovey, and those others who helped so splendidly.

Such is the story of the Brigade Overseas in those parts of the Empire which have suffered so disastrously from Japanese attack; of the splendid work of those who laboured in the vineyard of difficult endeavour and who established an Ambulance Service which has since saved the lives of thousands of innocent people.

Some 130 Surgeons, 60 Superintendents and over 5,000 members of our Ambulance and Nursing Divisions were engaged in 'the defence of Hong Kong, Malaya, Singapore and Burma Nothing is yet known of their subsequent fate , although it is feared that their losses must have been heavy in view of the important role they were called upon to play. One thing is clear, namely, that never in the long history of our Order could its representatives have been called upon to fa.ce greater odds, while we may rest assured from our knowledge of their leaders and the spirit of such members, that they sustained the traditions of the Order to the end.

/ Chief Cadet Officer, Boy Cadets.-The Chief Commissioner has appointed Liept.Colonel John E. MccGwire, C.B.E., as Chief Cadet Officer for Boys with the rank of Acting Assistant Commissioner.

In future all matters relating to Cadets, including registration of new units and appointment of officers, will be dealt with as fqllows :-

Boy Cadets.-By Lieut.-Colonel J. E. MccGwire, C.B.E., at the Brigade Office, St. John's Gate, London, RC.1.

Gi,.l Cadets.-By Lady Dunbar-Nasmith, at the office of the Lady Superintendentin-Cruef, 3, BelgFave Square, London, S.W.I.

Cadet Proficiency Badges.-These will be worn by Nursing Cadets on the left sleeve, midway between the shoulder and the elbow. Holders of two badges will wear them side-by-side (centred on sleeve) with i in. clearance between. This announcement replaces that given in B.O. 678.

. EVERY nurse who; is working under wartime conditions , . either in a military hospital or among the civil population, knows that, far more than at normal times, the majority of patients admitted are acutely ill and in a state of high nervous tension.

These abnormal conditions greatly emphasise the need for some easily assimilated form of restorative nourishment. For this purpose, the nurse will find t Ovaltine' of outstanding value, either as an emergency measure or a regular routine.

Oval tine ' is completely and easily assimilated, even when the patient is in a very low state of vitality. Indeed, Ovaltine' possesses special properties which make the milk to which it is added more digestible, and thus easily assimilated, as well as far more nourishing.

Ovaltine 'possesses many advantages . It is rich in strengthening, energy-giving !nourishment ; it allays nervous tension and promotes sound, restorative sleep Ovaltine ' is a highly concentrated food and is prepared by exclusive scientific processes. It contains the essential vitamins and valuable mineral salts, first-class' protein, carbohydrate and fat in carefully adjusted ratio.

Now, as in"'I9I4-I9I8, Ovaltine ' is widely used in the wartime hospital service, both at home and overseas. Supplies are available to hospitals in :special packings and at special prices.

Write for details to A. Wander, Ltd., I84, Qu,een's Gate, London, S.W.7.

137

Code of Chivalry.-The Code of Chivalry for Cad.ets has now been printed in card form (size 10 inches by St inches) and can be <;>btamed from the Stores Department of the Association at 6d. each, plus postage Smgle copIes are Sid. post 6s. 7d. post free. Applications must be made by Officers-in-Charge of Cadet DIVIsIOns. Nor wich.-Nearly 200 Boy and Girl Cadets from the Norwich Divisions attended the National Day of Prayer on Sunday,. April when S:anon Clayt<;>n, M.C. (SubChaplain to the Order) conducted a specIal serVIce. AssIstant CommIsSIOner Dr. W. Rutledge, Lady County Supt. Dr. May Rutledge, and Lady Cadet S.upt. Mrs. D enny were among those present. Grand Prior Cadet Fay Boston accompamed Manch ester .-At an exhibition organised by the Newton Heath and MIles Plattmg Youth Committee (Manchester) representatives of the Ardwick Cadet Division, under Supt. Charlesworth, and Nursin g Cadets from Rochdale had. adJommg stalls attractively arranged where enquiries. could be answered rega.rdmg Ca?et activities. Demonstrations by the Boy Cadets mcluded treatment of a patIent suffenng from an abdQminal injury, the use of " Trigg Lifts," securin g J2atient to etc , whilst the Girl Cadets gave va.rious types of banda gm g. All Items receIved rounds o f applause . . ...

Scarborough.-At the inaugural meetin g. of the Scarborou gh Nursm g .DlVlsIOn Lady Supt. Miss Moorhouse gave an insprrmg address on the of the hIstory of the Order, and in recalling the words of H.M. the Km g , ur gm g the young people of to-day to prepare now for the duties which lie ahead of them a's the men and women of to-m orrqw, suggested that there was no finer opportunity for such training than that offered in the Cadet Division .

Lady Cadet Supt Miss Cribb, a great spirit of leadership, int!oduced the prospective cadets to of Chivalry, and encouraged them to hard, keepin g a good sense of dIrectIOn , to enable them to uphold the Code faIthfully and well.

.

Holbrooks -Since the outbre ak of war the Holbrooks Cadet Ambulance a nd Nur s m g Divisions have experienced some hard knocks but, in spite of these, the dete rmination of the members to carry on was fully in evidence at a s ocial eve nin g held on IS Those present included County Officer and Mrs . Perry, L a dy Cadet Supt. G . A . Skinner, Cadet Officer A . G . Howe, Lady Cadet Offic e r W . E. Wilkinson, and many others who give help to the work.

During the County Officer Perr y presented a pocket wallet (contammg.a photograph of the Cadet Divisi on s) and a dre ssmg Mr J L. S Armstrong on hIS resignatio n a s superintendent of the Ambulance DiVISIOn throu g h ill-health. Cade t CorpI. Skinner thanked him on behalf of the boys for the work he had done and for the help and friendship he had giv en to the members

As this meetin rr was the first since the " blitz" of 1941 , all members stood m silence in memory of the elate County W. S: Skfnner, ,,:,ho was of th e Holbrooks Cadet Division, and w ho dIed of mJunes dunng that blitz

Blackpool -Twenty-four Cadets of the Blackp oo l Nur sin g Cadet c o mpeted for a cup in individual fir st aid. The test w as set. by: Lady Amb Officer lVuss B Hall , who with Lady Amb. Officer Mrs Crowther, adJudIcated.

Twelve-year-old Cadet Mary Bentley was declared the winner. After the presentation of the cup an Am e rican Red Cross Gift Box was handed to Cadet, who g reatly appreciated the l ovely gifts fr o m the Amencan Red Cross Jumor workers

Lady Cadet Officer Miss C . B a nks has tramed the Cadets and was responsIble for the arrangements of the competition

Penz ance -On April 7 the Chief Constable (Mr. F. G pre s er:-ted pnz e s to the Penzance Cadet Ambulance Division for good work and profiCIe ncy dunn g the past year. Cadet Supt. W G Lewis welcomed the Chief Constable. and to the work undertaken durin g 194f and the support g Iven by the Semor DIVISIOn and members of the public

The Chief Constable, after con g ratulatmg the members on theIr fine efforts, presented the awards as follows: 1st (and cup winner for the year), Cadet Peter Hannon ; 2nd, Cadet R. A. Hocking; 3rd , Cadet D. Lloyd. Mrs . T. C . Cooper:s prize for the best collections and regular help on fl.a g days was won by Cadet R. Wildman .

St. John's Day, 1942

Holy Communion will be celebrated by the Archdeacon of London (a Sub-Chaplain of the Order) at S.30 a.m on Wednesday, June 24, St John's Day, in the Chapel 'S1; James s Palace. An invitation is extended to members of the Order, the ASSOCIatIOn apd the Brigade to attend.

The Dean of Westminster has kindly mVlted the Order to attend the Evening Service in the Abbey on Sunday, June 21, at 6.30.

The superiority of Electrolytic Sodiu'm Hypochlorite as a therapeutic agent

"cccot WOI"k .a.. •.bown that the irrigation of un<il, bW'Ill and ulcen with Milton, the stable IwaDd of l/delrol:l1U sodium hypochlorite, produces .ore rapid and thorough healing than would be .peeted from the we of the hypochlorite solutions prepared by chemical methods, with a corresponding fr.edom, moreover, from the irritating effects so efteD produced by the latter products.

ITS PROTEOLYTIC ACTION

The pOWerful proteolytic action " of the hypoelUoritea, (I) 10 essential in the clearuing of the wound area, it pdaaeased by electrolytic hypoehlorite to very little less degree than by the more irritant chemically prepared hypochlorites. (2) In the enTelope method of treatment, the initial clearuiDe (3) by hosing with 20 per cent. Milton solution, before the envelope i5 applied, obtains the full effect of this proteolytic action. Subsequent irrigatioru with a weaker solution of 3 per cent. or less, are adequate in maintaining thi. solvent action.

ITS INNOCUOUSNESS TO LIVING TISSUE

Carrel and Dehelly first noted that electrolytic hypochlorite solutions were less irritating to living n.ues than chemically prepared Dakin's solution (4) Lack of stability however, was th e main disadvantage which limited their clinical application. This defect has since been overcome by the produ c tion of Millon, the stable brand of electrolytic hypochlorite. It it the combination of stability with lack of irritant aetion on living tiuue, unobtainable so far in an y other hypochlorite, which has resulted in Milton becoming the standard electrolytic sodium hypochlorite for irrigation treatment

ITS NON-CAUSTIC ALKALINITY

Recent independent tests have shown that the pH .C Milton is 10.70; of Millon diluted to 5 per cent. with: tap water (i.I., diluted 20 times) is 8.89 and Milton diluted to 20 per cent. with tap water (i .e., diluted 5 times) is 9 30 The same invcstigation indicated that the pH of Dakin's solution B P is I1 51 while the pH of 10 per cent Dakin's solution (i .t. , diluted 10 timet with tap water) is 10.6 4 It

should be noted that S per cent. Milloll haa approximately the same content of available chlorine iii 10 per cent. Dakin's solution, whereas thepH valul!ll of the dilutions are respectively 8.89 and 10.64.

Therefore the dilution of M ilton in common we for is far le$s alkaline than the corresponding dilution of Dakin's solution

ITS HARMLESS RESIDUE

After its functions have been effected , Millon H; reduced for all practical purposes to a simple harmless residue of salt and water. Milton, becawe of its .odium chlo ride co ntent , combines the properties of a saline solution with those of an effective germicide. A 5 per cent. Milton solution is isotonic with regard to sodium chloride

ITS PROMOTION OF HEALING

Recent clinical work has clearly established the action of >vIilton in pro moting healing when applied by means o f Stannard Irrigation Envelopes. In most cases , the r ate o f healing has been stri.lcingl y rapid (S)

Not least significant in treatment of wounds by envelop e irrigati on with Milton is the freedom throughout fr o m pain a point emphasized by aiU w riters on th e subject. One comments, painth is is virtually absent," (6) while another states tha t in 2 7 cas es of burns so trea ted " the relief of pain was remark a ble " ( 7)

Those interested in treatmen t by irrigation with Milton are invited to write to the Professional Department of Milton Propri e t ary Limited John Milton House, London , N 7, fo r full infonnatiol1.

REFERENCES :- ( 1) L isttr Mmlonal Lect18l , 1939 , Brit. Med Journa l, A pri l IS , 1939, p 762. (2) The T r;atment of Infected WouncU (1918 edition) , Cam I and Delully , p. 2S . (3 ) Tlu Treatmml of Bums and Wounds by the En velope Method, Briti sh Medi cal Journal, July S, 1941 p 3. (4) Tiu Treumrnt of Infected Wounds ( 1918 edition), p. 24 (S) Medical Press & Circular, July 30, 1941, p. 107 (6) British Medical Journal, July 12 1941, p. 41 (7) B rit ish Medical Journal, July S, 19-41 , p 8

MiLTON brand of Electrolytic Sodium Hypochlorite is stable, non-caustic and of standard strength (I %)

Headquarters· Priory House, 4, Cathedral Road, Cardiff

GENERAL INTEREST

The Ambulance Committee of the Priory for \ l\Tales , which met under the chairmanship of Dr. D. Rocyn Jones, C.B.E. , J.P., M D., at Priory House, Cardiff , on April 28, received a report on the Priory's fleet of Motor Ambulances, which during the quarter ended March 31 dealt with the removal of 4,850 cases involving a total mileage of 79,906. Expenditure amounting to £400 for replacement of inefficient ambulances was sanctioned. Members to ok the opportunity of inspecting a new ambulance designed principally for long distance work. It is built on the lines of a. private s aloon car, embodying the equipment essential to an up-t o-date ambulance It is of interest to note that the longest single ambulance journey undertaken by the Priory was a distance of 1,060 miles, which was completed in three days, arrangement s being made at hospitals on route for the patient's accommodation at night

The formation of the Dowlais Nursing Division and Cefn Fforest (Monmouth shire) and Llandyssul (Cardiganshire) Cadet Nursing Divisions was approved.

It was noted that the Association Department had arranged 195 examination s and re-examinations in First Aid and Home Nursing during the month of March , bringin g the total number of examinations held during the first quarter of 1942 to 337 .

The St. John Ambulance Brigade having undertaken to co-operate with the W V.S. in the provision of Instructors in the "Immediate Aid" and " Anti-Gas" courses , it was agreed to put all Brigade Units in possession of a syllabus specially prepared by Brigade Headquarters , to enable them to respond to any calls made by W.V .S . officers to local Brigad;e officers.

At the end 'of the meeting, medical members remained in order to see a demonstration of a designed by Dr. Melbourne Thomas, Medical Superintendent of Llwjnypia Hospital, further consideration of which was referred to the First Aid in Mines Textbook Revision Sub-Committee .

The Council of the Priory, which met subsequently, decided that the annual m e eting of the Chapter will be held on St. John's Day, June 24, when the Priory Chaplain and Sub-Prelate of the Order, the Bishop of St. Asaph , will officiate. By the kind invitation of Canon J. 1\ Lewis , Chapter members will attend a service at St. John ' s Church a t 12 noon on that day, at which the Bishop of St. Asaph will give, the addre ss

CENTRE REPORTS

EAST DENBIGHSHIRE CENTRE.-The formation of a Corps was discussed at a Centre meeting held in the County Buildings, Wrexham, on April 2, at which Mr. W. Attr o Owen presided, supported by Lieut -Col. R. C Roberts, O.B E., Major T. W Mottram, M.e., Major J. Vaughan Griffith, Mr. W . E. Thomas, J.P. , C.C ., Superintendents , Ambulance Officers and Secretaries of Divisions and the Honorary Secretary and Assistant Commissioner (Capt. R. G. Evans) It was decided to circulate all Units with a view to obtaining their considered opinions on the proposed establishment of a Corps for consideration at the quarterly meeting Several new appointm ents within the Cefn Mawr Division were approved; aqd all Divisions were requested to co-operate in every possible way in connection with the 1942 National Flag Day, to be held early in June.

GLAMORGAN CENTRE. - In his report on the Aberavon County A rea , Asst. Commissioner D. Thomas states that new Ambulance and Nursing Divisions have been provisionally formed at Cornelly and the Cefn Cribbwr Nursing Division reformed. The strength of the Corps has been well maintained, though a large proportion of the members are serving with H M. Forces Regret is expressed on the resignation from the rank of Lady Corps Supt. of Dr. Audrey V. Jones, on her removal from the district, while tribute is paid to the untiring work of Corps Secretary A Poole.

In the PGntardawe .County Area, the Clydach Division recently held a social and presentation meeting, over which the Divisional Surgeon W. Havard Jones presided. Asst. Commissioner T. Williams presented the first aid awards gained by the Division and female members of a first year class, a presentation of particular interest being the annual gift of Mr. Malcolm Smith to the Cadets making the best attendance, these being Cadets Jack Mulcahy, Melville Sayers, David Jenkins, Donald Mulcahy, Frank Hardridge, Dennis Harber, Haydn Sobey, Colin Gordon, Teifion Jones and Richard Hardridge.

MONMOUTHSHIRE CENTRE.-In presenting his report to the annual meeting of the Griffithstown Division, Supt. J. Wren stated that the membership had increased from 140

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44 to 66, and at the annual examination 73 out of 76 entrants have passed. Mr. D. Thomson, B.Sc., presided, the attendance including County Controller G. F. Tuckwell, \ Dr. A. Dalby, the Rev. T. Powell Davies (Vicar of Griffithstown), Mrs. J. T Richards, Commandant of the Griffithstown Red Cross Detachment, Councillor Lewis Lewis, Lady Supt. Mrs. F. Duke and others.

Mr. and Mrs. W. D. Woolley (Joint Presidents of Tredegar Ambulance and Nursing Divisions) inspected members at the presentation meeting held at Tredegar Ambulance Hall. Mr. Woolley, who presided, welcomed the Hon. J. H. and Mrs. Bruce, and recalled that though the Divisional membership had dropped to 79 it was at one time the strongest unit in South Wales.

The Commissioner for Wales complimented Tredegar on their keenness and excellent service and described the extent to which Brigade Personnel in Wales were assisting in war work.

Mrs. Bruce, Lady Staff Officer for Wales, presented a President's brooch to MJ;s. Wooll€y and expressed great pleasure in the formation of a Girl Cadet Unit

Supt. F. J. Whitcombe reported on the year ' s activities, an interesting feature of which was the special course on First Aid in Mines , 20 members having recently sat for the examination in this new subject. A summary of the activities of the Nursing Division was given by Lady Supt. Mrs N. Phillips, who gave details of the staffing of the hostel for evacuees for a period of three months.

CITY OF CARDIFF CENTRE.-The Hon. John H. Bruce, Principal Secretary and Commissioner for Wales, received a letter from Commissioner Dr. Edgar Llewellyn , now serving as a Squadron Leader in the R.A.F., sending his good wishes to the Ambulance Committee on the day when that committee met. It was interesting to hear that he had made many contacts on board with members of the St. John Ambulance Brigad€.

BOROUGH OF MERTHYR TYDFIL CENTRE.-Captain W. J Canton, LL.B , presiding at the annual Centre meeting, stated that there were 25 Divisions in the Merthyr Centre with a membership of 944 after allowing for the 113 members at Fochriw and Bedlinog transferred last year to the Caerphilly County area; 232 men and 83 nurses were enrolled in the Civil Defence and Nursing Reserve services and the latter were reserved for the First Aid Post and Emergency Hospitals. There were 380 attendances at medical comforts depots, and in addition 2,796 cases of sickness and accident were attended during the year. A new "Andrews" Corps had been formed from the Divisions at Merthyr Vale and Treharris in honour of the county chairman, M. T. Andrews, J.P. Three successful Flag Days had been held for the Red Cross and St John Fund War Organisation, and one for Mrs. Churchill's" Aid to Russia Fund. " Classes and competitions were :p.eld regularly and the keenness and efficiency of all ranks could not be too warmly commended in view of the long working hours. The Brigade had attended the War Weapons and Warships Week Parades and also the Church Service at Dowlais on Mayor's Sunday. The attraction and activity of the Youth Movement and the registration of juveniles of 16 to 18 threatened to interfere with recruiting for the Brigade, especially as those joining the junior defence services were prQvided with free uniforms, etc. The Brigade were, however, represented on the panel appointed to interview juveniles on registration. In concluding his report , the Commissioner said they looked forward under the severe strain of the war to a continuance of their work and attributed their successful year to the loya,lty of all ranks in the Centre and to the assistance oj the Commissioner for Wales and his staff. The Commissioner, officers and all ranks deplored the death of Captain W H. Jones, the Assistant Commissioner, who had been actively associated with ambulance work for over 60 years and was in possession of the Service Medal and three bars. Mr. T. Andrews, J.P., was re-elected chairman, with Mr. John Morgan and Mr. D W. Jones, J.P. (Dowlais) as honorary treasurer and honorary secretary.

The Hospitallers' Club

AlthQugh the war has curtailed the activities of the Club some interesting talk s have been given by Capt. A. c . White Knox, M.C., M.B., and Mr. C E. Bower, O.B.E. during the past two months. These dealt with first aid instruction and gas-warfare:

The Club is endeavouring, with some . success, to carry on its meetings which are usually held at the Bonnington Hotel, London, on a Saturday afternoon. Talks are given on various subjects and some excellent speakers visit the Club. Membership is confined to present and past officers of the St. John Ambulance Brigade; and those can obtain particulars of membership from the Hon. Secretary, Mr. A. E. Turtle, 17, Gloucester Drive, London, N.4.

142

knowledge to treat successfulJy ALL possible injuries

THE HOUSEHOLD PHYSICIAN

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A N A o N TABLETS

INTERESTING CASE REPORTS

CASE REPORT No. 202'.-The Officer-in-Charge of the Ceylon Police Corps, Brigade Overseas, reports the efficient performance of first aid by a member in the following circumstances :-

On October 2, a grown girl whilst in an epileptic fit, fell into a well. The place was adjacent to the Police Station and Constable 2487 Silva, hearing the alarm raised ' by the father, ran to the spot where he found the patient who had been taken out of the well lying unconscious He performed Schafer's method of artificial respiration, at the same time sending for medical aid and continued the treatment until breathing was restored. The medical officer arrived whilst the constable was still performin g this treatment and he reported that had it not b een for the constable's prompt and efficient action the chances of the girl's recovery would have been most remote. Constable Silva has no knowledge ,of the English lan guage arid has not yet taken his first aid certificate.

COMMENT.-The first object of first aid is to preserve life; and Constable · Silva earns cordial congratulations because in his first accident, with which he had to deal, he was able to put his knowledge to suc h good effect that he restored an apparently drowned gif'l to Iife.-N. C. F.

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

NEIL ROBERTSON STRETCHER

] D. (Luton).-I shall be pleased to hear of any experiences which your readers may have had in the use of the Neil Robertson stretcher.

First aid students are so used to specific instructions that one wonders why the S.] .A.A. (which makes this useful appliance) have not issued them to each purchaser. My Company's first aid personnel cannot agree on the following questions which I now submit to you :-

(1) Why is a rope ring fitted to the top of the stretcher and an iron ring at the base? - Would you advise fifting an iron ring in place of the rope one?

(2) What is the correct use for the length of rope attached to the top (rope) ring?

(3) What is the correct ordering of fastening the straps?

(4) What is the correct manner of taking on the feet the weight of the person being carried and what adjustments, if any, can be made in the case of persons of different heights, especially in relation to preventing the upper edges of the top portion pressing under the armpits of a short person being carried?

(5) The use of the four rope loops on the side of the stretcher?

I am quite ready to admit that many points seem to have obvious answers, but I shall be pleased to have your opinion.

As I have had no experience in th e use of the Neil Robertson stretcher, I passlJd your query to County Surgeon Bernard Hart, to whom we are indebted for the following answer ;-

II The Neil Robertson stretcher is used extensively on a ship owing to its adaptability in stoke-holes and gun turrets; and I should imagine that it would be a good thing for the pits. A s to the drill and instructions we are not given any and in our In struction Manual 'we have only a description and diagram. The drill can easily be learned by looking at it and in noting where the straps fasten.

1. The rope ring at the top is for guarding the patient's skull. The ring will just fit over the " crown" when the rope for hoisting has been fixed. The hoisting rope fastens between the iron ring and the rope ring. I shouldn't have an iron ring because a patient might have head injuries and a rope ring is pliable.

2. The length of rope is for hoisting by a crane hook on any hoisting geat'.

3. There is no definite order of strapping except where a patient is conscious and both arms are intact; you can let his arms hang out so he can guide himself up a shaft or gangway.

4. The patient's arch of foot or boot should be rested on the rope attachments at the base; they serve like stirrups.

5. No adjustment can be made for taller patients, but you will find that it should fit the tallest man.

6. With ,regard to the top portion pressing under the armpits of short people, I think someone has got hold of the wrcmg idea. You lie the patient in, fix the feet and strap the whole vf his body together just like casing up a man.

7. The use of the lower ring and rope attachments I have mentioned before. The iron ring for hoisting and the ropes for the patient's feet act as stirrups.

8. The use of the 4 loops oj rope on the side a,re for FOUR people to hold the 'Topes and carry the patient."-N. C. F. 144

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START AND FINISH OF AORTA

J. L. (Birmingham).-Before joining the R.A :F. I was a member of the Midland " Red" (Bearwood) Division. Not liking my present job in the Forces I decided to try and remuster to the Medical Branch of the Service. I had my Trade Test yesterday, and one of the questions asked was: It Where does the aorta start and where does it :fi.n.ish." This appeared to be a It trick question " to me, and I asked the examiner to repeat it, which he did, using the exact words quoted above. As the " finish" still confused me, I asked him if he wanted me to describe to " Circulation of the Blood"; he said It No," so I gave the following reply :-

It The aorta is the large blood vessel, containing arterial blood, which l eaves the left ventricle of the heart, in an upward direction, then bends over and divides and subdivides in arteries which supply the whole of the body, including the he art, with arterial blood. These arteries finally terminate in capillaries, where oxygen and nourishment are given up to the tissues of the body." I could not, how.ever , say just where the aorta, as the aorta , terminated.

Do you consiQ-er, sir, the above reply to be a fair answer to the qu estion asked, or have I missed the It boat" completely.

With many thanks for your helpful advice oIt past occasions .

Your examiner evidently wanted you to show that you understood the fact that the mai'n artery of th e body is called the aorta, until it ended in branches which hfjve separate names.

The full description of the aorta, therefore, is :-

The aorta is the main arterial trunk, and from it all the arteries of the system are derived.

[ t begins at the left ven t?'icle of the heart, and, after running a short distance ttpwards and to the righ t it turns backwards and to the left and thence downwards, forming the aortic arch. It is th ence continued through the thorax as the thoracic aorta and finally enters th e abdomen at the aortic ope ning in the diaphragm. Pass ing through th e abdominal cavity under the name of the abdominal aorta, it term inate s opposite the fouyth lumbar vertebra in the left and right iliac arte1'ies.-N. C. F.

FRICTION AND ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION

A. F. (West Moors).-I shall be pleased if you will clear up the following point with reference to artificial respiration.

vVhen should heat ;>and vigorous rubbing of the limbs towards the heart start? On p. 148 of the Textbook it reads : It 'When natural breathin g begin"." Wou l d it be wrong to do this before natural breathing starts? If so, why)

It seems to me that rubbing of the limbs towards the heart might be harmful if the blood cannot be re-oxygenated.

The solution of your problem is to be fo und in the last sente11ce of YOU1' lettey, and theref01' e rubbi ng of the limb s is until- br eathing is re-established.-N. C. F. ASPHYXIA DUE TO ELECTRIC SHOCK

A. E. (Canterbury) . - 1 have been asked on several occasions why a patient who requires artificial respiration as the result of electric shock should be placed on dry straw or similar material. This instruction is not in the Textbook but is included in Instruction Cards issued to factories where electric power is used and also in the R.L.S.S. Handbook.

Frankly I do not know why patient should be placed on straw in cases of asphyxi a due to electric shock . Of course, in all cases of asphyxia the use of stra w or similar material would add to the comfort of the patient during operations and k eep his body from contact wi th th e cold ground; but unfortunately such is not always available. Consequently, it would be bad first aiil to delay commencement of artificial respiration un ti l it can be obtained. -N. C. F.

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146

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In order TO OBTAIN UNIFORMS FOR OFFICERS & MEMBERS an arrangement has been made between the Board of Trade and th; St. John Ambulance Association, particulars of which can be obtained from the Officer in charge.

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PERMIT OR OFFICIAL PAPER MUST ACCOMPANY EVERY ORDER.

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Waists: 34. Lengths: 26,28, 30, 32ln. 7/6

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Cut and callorad from fully shrunk and showerproofed material, half lined with ,rey Italian cloth. Prices Include buttons. An official order for H.Q. to supply UI with badr;es and buttons must be sent with every order. Women's Sizes 90/0.5. 95/6 Ex. O.S. lOS/STOCK SIZES-Women's :

Bust : 32,32,33,34,35,36,36,36,37,38,38,39

Lith .: 44,46,44,46,45,44,46,48,47,46,48,48

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VOL. 15. No.6 JUNE, 1942 PRICE 3d.

EDITORIAL

ST. JOHN'S DAY, 1942

PHYSIOLOGY IN FmST AID

POLICE AMBULANCE NEWS

CIVIL

JOHN AMBULANCE BRIGADE OVERSEAS

NEWS

FOR WALES

INTERESTING CASE REPORTS

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

SOUTHERN RAILWAY

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Edited by GEORGE E. CRAFT, F.R.S.A.

VOL. 15. No.6

EDITORIAL

Are we fully prepared for all eventualities should the enemy invade our shores?

We do not refer to the military side of the question but to the work which we, as first aiders, may be called upon to undert'ake.

First Aid Posts and Points were first set up in most districts to deal with casualties caused by enemy air raids on the civilian population. What will be the purpose of such places during an invasion?

It is well known that many Posts have had their usefulness increased by making them almost "self-contained" small hospitals; whilst some Points have been" up-graded" so that extra equipment and medical stores (such as morphia, anti-tetanus serum, etc.) are availabl e for the use of the Medical Officer in charge.

It is therefore apparent that in the event of an invasion First Aid personnel may be required to give not only first aid but also second , third and even fourth aid. It is also apparent that some Posts will be used as hospitals for the time being.

Therefore our question, " Are we prepared for an invasion?" is directed against those who, whilst excellent first aiders, know little or nothing about Home Nursing and the attention required by a patient over a period of days or even weeks.

First Aid and Home Nursing are closely allied; in fact , we might even go so far as to state that without the knowledge of one it is impossible to carry out the other efficiently. That statement, no doubt, will be challenged by those whose knowledge is confined to first aid; and yet with every case treated under first aid conditions some knowledge of home nursing is necessary.

Our Nursing members are compelled to take a course of home nursing before becoming efficient representatives of the Nursing Divisions, and therefore we consider that it is impossible to be efficient members of First Aid Post personnel, whether or female, without home nursing qualifications.

St. John's Day, 1942

Holy 'Communion will be celebrated by the Archdeacon of London (a Sub-Chaplain of the Order) at 8.30 a.m. on Wednesday, June 24, St. John's Day, in the Chapel Royal , St. J ames's An invitation is extended to members of the Order , the Association and the Brigade to attend.

The Dean of Westminster has kindly invited the Order to attend the Evening Service in the Abbey on Sunday, June 21, at 6.30.

151

PHYSIOLOGY IN FIRST AID

By M. M. Scott, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P.

(Member of the Textbook Revision Committee and Divisional Swrgeon, S.].A.B.)

THE CIRCULATION OF THE BLOOD

(Continued from page 130, May, 1942, issue)

The Cardiac Cycle.-The heart muscle contracts throughout life at an average rate of 72 times per minute (in the adult), although the rate may be modified by certain extraneous factors. Muscle, however, cannot continue to contract after activity without a reasonable period of rest, but in the case of the heart, prolonged rest is impossible, even during sleep, because the organ must continue to function continuously. The difficulty is overcome by its taking a short period of rest between each contraction, so that -each beat consists of a contracting stag€) (Systole) and a relaxing stage (Diastole), the two combining to form one complete "Cardiac Cycle." Each heart beat, therefore, lasts about 0 8 of a second, a little more than half of the period , being occupied by Diastole . In the event of the heart rate being increased, each cycle is shorter than normal, but the time occupied by the Systole remains practically unaltered. This results in a shortened Diastole, so that the heart muscle therefore gets diminished rest.

Diastole.-While the heart is at rest, blood flows into the auricles from the big veins (as previously described). As the auricles fill, the blood gradually flows from them into the relaxed ventricles, the auriculo -ventricle valves remaining open because of the greater pressure on the auricular side of them. This inflow of venous blood is assisted by the negative pressure in the chest (this will be discussed in the article dealing with Respiration), so that eventually both auricles and ventricles are full, and Systole is ready to commence.

Auricular Systole.-This begins just before that of the ventricle s , the contraction commencing at the muscles surrounding the entry of the veins, so as to occlude them and prevent backflow. More blood is thereby forced into the already full ventricle, so that further distension of them results.

Ventrjcular Systole.-This follows on immediately and as a result of the resulting increased intra-ventricular pressure, the auriculo-ventricular valves are closed. Gradually, the pressure within the ventricles becomes greater than that within the corresponding Aorta or Pulmonary artery, so that the Aortic and Pulmonary valves are forced open and these blood vessels rapidly fill. Soon, however, the pressure within them becomes greater than in the ventricles, which have now emptied themselves, so that the Aortic and Pulmonary valves close, and backflow of blood is prevented.

The Effect of " Effort" on the Heart.-When the tissues of the body, more especially muscle, becomes active, they require an increased amount of oxygen. This necessitates not only an increase in respiration but also in the amount of blood flowing through the capillaries in a given time. An increase in the heart rate by itself may be insufficient to provide for this, because owing to the shorter diastole there may be less blood entering the heart at each filling. The difficulty is, however, overcome by an increased venous return, which is due partly to the increased respiration drawing more blood into the great thoracic veins by suction, and partly to the increased muscular activity which tends to propel the blood more quickly along the veins in the extremities.

The Heart Sounds.-These may be best elicited by placing the ear on the chest wall dwectly over the apex beat of the heart, or by means of a stethoscope, similarly applied. Two sounds will be heard, which resemble the spoken words " Liibb " and" Dl1p," the first being long and dull, the second being short and sharp. The first sound (Systolic) is due to the contraction of the ventricles, and the closure of the auriculo-ventricular valves, while the second sound (Diastolic) is produced by the closure of'the aortic and pulmonary valves.

The Courses of the Circulation .-It has already been observed that the blood enters the Systemic Circulation from. the left ventricle via the Aorta, and 152

ultimately returns via and infe.rior vena cavae to the ;,ight auricle. From here it proceeds mto the nght ventncle, and so enters the Pulmonary Circulation" via the pulmonary artery, the re-oxygenated blood bemg returned from the lungs to the left auricle via the fou.r pUl monary veins. There is, however, one important modificatIon of these general pnnciples , because the venous blood returning from the intestines does not pass directly into the inferior vena cava but returns by the Portal vein, which enters the Liver. Here the portal vein divides up so as to form capillaries which actually join up with the caI?illaries from the of the The capillaries ultImately ullite to vems wh1ch"convey the blood to the inferior vena cava. Th1s spec1al system 1S known as the Portal Circulation" and is unique inasmuch as it represents the only example in the body of a vein breaking up to

Arterial Circulation.-The 1l11tIal dnvmg force of the blood m the artenes is the impulse derived from the contraction of the ventri.cles, but as art eries d ivide their cross section becomes smaller, so that ultImately there 1S a considerable "Peripheral Resistance," which neutralises much of this power. The remainder of the driving force serves to distend the muscl e w alls of the arteries and arterioles, so that even when the ventricles are in a state of diastole, there is still a continuous flow of blood through the arterioles, resulting from the" elastic re coil " of the blood vessels.

Bl oo d Pressure.-Since there is a continuous flow of blood through the arterioles, it automatically follows that the blood in the arteries must be under p ressur e , and that this pressure will d:creas.e when t0e blood .flows easily through the arterioles and vice versa (1.e., will vary d1rectl y w1th the Penpheral R esistance). It likewise follows that this pressure will be raised during Systole, be cause of the extra amount of blood in the arterial system. This pressure is , how ever, partly overcome (in health) by the elastic distension of the muscle wall of the blood vessels; and by means of an instrument called the " Sph yg momanometer" it is possible to record the "Blood Pressure" both durin g Systole and Diastole, in terms of millimetres of mercury . These values vary wi th health, age and sex, the average adult readings being Systolic Pressure 110 t o 135 mm., and Diastolic Pressure 60 to 80 mm., while the difference between them is known as the" Pulse Pressure." The blood pressure invariably rises during p h ys ical exercises, chiefly because of the increased volume of blood pumped out by th e h eart. It likewise tends to increase during middle and advancing age, b ecau se the arterial walls gradually lose their elasticity and become "hardened." T his prevents their distension during Systole, and the blood pressure automatically rises. The diseased blood vessel may even break down as a result of the extra strain, and when this occurs in the brain gives rise to the not u ncommon condition of " Cerebral Hcemorrhage" or " Apoplexy."

(To be co n ti nued)

POLICE AMBULANCE NEWS

METROPOLITAN

Among the more recent competitions we would mention the following :" M " D i vision.-The annual competition for the" Dalton Matthew" Cup drew a large crowd who were repaid for their attendance by a high standard of efficiency shown by the teams. Capt. R. V Steele judged the team test, whilst the individual section wa s in the capable hands of Capt. F. E. Bendix and Capt. \V. Goodley.

The r esult wa.s announced by Supt. Brig gs as follows :-1, Kennington R o ad Regulars, 287 marks; 2, Southwark Road Regulars, 258; 3, Deptford War Reserves, 253. Mrs Matthews, wife of Commandant Matthews, part donor of the trophy, pre sente d the cup and also medals given by Sir George Abbiss , the Assistant Commissioner

On Friday, May 8, the team test for the" Sir Cecil Bigwood" First Aid Cup was held at Gilmour House, when seven teams competed. The individual tests had been held previously. Capt. A. C. White Knox was the judge and the setting was a domestic one. At the completion of the test Sir George Abbiss (Assistant Commissioner) thanked Sir Cecil for his interest in police ,first aid. It was the first occasion that a trophy had been presented by one of the Metropolitan magistrates.

Sir Cecil presented his trophy to the Women Police team who gained first place

with 391 marks. ' It is of interest to note that this team won the Metropolitan Women Police competition a few weeks earlier. Rotherhithe, with 36s! marks, were second.

Supt. Briggs thanked Sir Cecil and Sir George for their interest in the work and Doctor White Knox for judging the event.

" G " new competition was introduced to me mbers of this Division when Sergt. Hibberd (of the S.J.A.B.), who has trained the divisional team for many years, presented a cup for individual competition. This was run on the "Sleath Gent" competition lines of the Brigade, ill which every competitor has to submit to a written paper, viva voce, and a practical test. Capt. F. E. Bendix set and judged all the work and some interesting items were included. At the final part of the competition, held on April 11, the practical test was as follows :-" Describe and demonstrate each step you would take in the complete treatment of this wound of the left hand accompanied by hcemorrhage from the palmar arches. There are no other injuries. " For this seven minutes were allowed.

Supt. Franklin announced the result, which was: 1, Sergt. Gilmour (captain of the divisional team) with 169 marks, being f9llowed by P.C. Blunden with 167 marks . Thirty-nine competitors entered the initial rounds.

Sergt. Hibberd presented his trophy to the winner and Supt. Franklin the medals and individp.al prizes to the first and second.

Thames Division.-The first divisional competition was held on April 24, when seven teams competed before Capt. W. Goodley and District Officer W. Haines. The scene for the team test represented a quayside, whilst the teams 'were in their boat patrolling the river.

Supt. Hill announced the results, which were :-1, Blackwall "A," 301 marks; 2, Waterloo Pier, 262. Best Individual Pair, Nos. 1 and 2 Blackwall " A" (P. C . Beckerleg and W. R. Creasy).

CIVIL DEFENCE SERVICES

By W. C. Bentall, O.B.E., F.R.C.S., F.R.G.S.

GAS CLEANSING AND DECONTAMINATION

As in first aid, so in cleansing of the public and the decontamination of their clothing, many changes, both in general procedure and in detailed practice, have evolved. Let us be prepared to accept and to practise these changes in every possible way and never cling to teaching which we learnt five years ago, or boast 'ot what we learnt or taught in the early infancy of this treatment which is being forced on us by the infamous action of an enemy who is breaking all the known decencies of moral and physical fighting.

The old classification is a basis of useful general knowledge, but the preseribed treatment of the two groups of war gases wmch kill is being given almost exclusive prominence. Phosgene (example of our choking gases) and Mustard (the outstanding example of the old choking and blister gases) we are told are what really matters, especially in possible and even probable war between now and victory. The detailed chemistry a:nd varieties of these things belong to the past of basic and elementary teaching. Now we must focus on speedy treatment and correct procedure when we know this has been used.

PHOSGENE is a hospital case every time and must be taken there with the minimum of disturbance or exertion. The old treatment of NO artificial respiration and REST holds good, but on top of that no time must be lost for these cases bei ng sent to hospital for skilled medical and surgical help. This gas may be used combined with high explosives and Mustard gas, and we must not let the use of the one cause us to miss the presence of the others, e.g., a bad wound in the ghastly mess of a low flying attack;, with its bombs and gunfire may cause us to forget the possibility of gas and vice verrsa, and in treating the one only we save our patients from one death but kill them by neglecting the other cause I

MUSTARD is still the very devil because of its subtle action, which in th e presence of an aerial bombardment which would precede an invasion by parachutists or other means, and so confuse the public and make all our first aiders busy, so that Mustard would not be thought of, and if it was remembered, don't forget that much practice of working in respirators and full protective clothing must be got used to, or we shall break down badly in all our casualty work. Much more important than the chemistry and classification of our old 154

lecture days is the recognition of the influence of wind, weather and general topographical effects. Attending a large Scale with the the other day to umpire treatment of casualtIes I was much Impressed WIth the absurd things some of our helpers did, e.g., while many did well others would leave their casualties in proximity to a pool of liquid Mustard gas nearby on the ground regardless of which way the wind was blowing, and I saw a bad fracture carefully and well put up, as if the team was in the Great Central at a Final Dewar Competition which took fifteen minutes without delay, and when it was finished the air from the proximity of the gas had well infected that patient without any of them knowing it. Think of the ghastly after tragedies, the infection of every other case in the ambulance, the hospital when they got there, of the nurses and many other patients who would not be informed of the infected clothing, etc.! Not only think of these things, but don't ' forget the number of cases so infected bring" out of action" the nurses, friends and doctors kept busy with obstinate blisters in a long course of healing, and so unable to deal with others. Hitler would not only have injured one case by a fracture (which, iRcidentally, seldom kills) but tied up a veritable army of workers to look after and many others infected by him. Tl:J,erefore, always make sure which way the wind is blowing and remove the patient" up-wind" away from the gas. Wardens, Police 'and all helpers must be sure that they do not send casualties or park ambulances" down-wind "-a fatal error. ,

CLEANSING.-More and more it becomes important to recognise that by fa r the largest number of gassed cases will depend on the cleansing in a neighbour's house or at home, because unable to go to a public cleansing station or a F.A. Post. To meet this need a " Housewives' Service" is being built up by the S. ] .A. B., B.R.C .S. and W.V .S. workers who are trained spreading the gospel to ordinary "Housewives" in all houses. You should read the " Housewives' Service" pamphlet (any stationer will get it for you at the cost of a few pence, or your M.O.H. would probably give it you for the asking). Briefly put, it means that if you have a bath-room let anyone come in, cast off their outer clothing in the garden or back yard, go up to the bathroom and have a quick wash in soap and water, and if not warm water I'd rather have a " quick cold one" than risk Mustar d dangers I If no bath use a bucket of warm water in the back yard and a syringe, or a stirrup pump, to wash them down, and fix them up in any temporary clothing or even a blanket. This procedure is going to deal with many more throughout the country than official public cleansing stations in specified crowded areas in a town, or F.A. Posts and these should only be used for wounded gassed cas ualties, or you will not have room to treat your wounded cases there.

Decontamination of gassed clothing. Very complete details are now being regularly practised. During the last month it has been my job to attend many rehea rsals and practice1? in large towns and rural districts. Briefly the procedure is:-

1. Collect the gassed clothing which may be

(a) laid outside the door of the bouse or garden gate

(b) or gathered from Posts or Cleansing Stations in the provided bins .

2. Convey by corporation vans or carts to a carefully planned" dump."

3. The dump is already fixed up on a football field or recreation ground or large piece of waste land or park, where the clothing is sorted by trained personnel in correct pens and heaps.

4. Collection of bins from these pens or heaps by corporation conveyances • and taken to laundries as instructed in practices.

5 . Laundries which are already trained and practised by their own staff and military co-operation in many places..

All this procedure is now being actually done in detail and at each place staffs of existing workers (even already depleted and therefore may need the military help of pioneers) are well practised. One Region has already issued " Training Notes on Decontamination of Clothing" with all necessary details of procedure, and though this book is not on the market, it is possible that most Regions are getting similar booklets or teaching. Then keep in touch with your local Medical Officer of Health who, together with his staff, has all these things well in hand.

3fobn HEADQUARTER NOTES

Uniform Rationing: Full Time Workers.-Officers and members are reminded that those in possession of uniform on November 1, 1941, come uIfder categories 1b, 1c and Id and are only eligible for annual replacement grant as shown under the Schedule, but MUST surrender 12 coupons annually if they wish to avail themselves of this concession, irrespective of whether they require replacements in anyone year. Further, they MUST &ubmit their coupons for the current year not lat er than June 30, 1942, otherwise they will not be given an opportunity of joini11-g the coupon equivalent sc'heme in subsequent years. This also applies to full-time officers and members joining since that date who wish to avail themselves of the initial and replacement concessions.

Officers and members who have taken advanta ge of the coupon equivalent scheme will have to surrender 12 coupons for the rationing year commencing September 1, 1942. On and after August 31 next the instalment system of coupon collecting will be discontinued. The 12 coupons required after that date' must be submitted at one time.

Nurses' headsquares are the only type of nurse s' head wear that is rationed, and nurses' caps are , therefore, coupon free,

No.1 (PRINCE OF WALES'S) DISTRICT

We much regret to announce the death 0:£ Lady District Officer Miss Cherry on May 3 Her duties covered the 22 Nursing Divisions of the Northern Area. Joining the Hampstead Nursing Division in 1915, Miss Cherry served under the late NIiss Hoare at Caen Wood other hospitals during the last war. She succeeded Mrs. MacFadden as Divisional SuperiIJ.tendent of the Iiampstead Nursing Division in 1932, bein g promoted Lady District Officer, Northern Area, in 1936. She was Commandant of V.A.D.1l4 London until the time of her death. Some 20 years ago she was admitted as a Serving Sister to the Order and was the holder of the Service Medal and Bars.

At the funeral, held on May 6, officers and members of the Hampstead Nursing Division formed a Guard of Honour. Those present included Lady Hudson (representing the Lady Supt.-in-Chief), Lady District Supt. Miss Walker, Assistant Commissioner Capt. A. Rees, Lady District Officers Miss Tuckwell, Mrs. Morrish, Miss Rodick, Mrs. Tapley, Mrs. Rayner and Miss Cleasby, District Officer S. H. Collins, Div. Surgeon Mary Fletcher, Mrs. Muir (chairman of House Committee) and Miss Gregory (Matron), of Queen Mary's Maternity Home, in which the deceased took much interest, and officers of the Hampstead Division B.RC.S.

ROMFORD.-The Romford Ambulance and Nursing Divisions held a "Housewarming" at their new headquarters on April 18, at which District Officer Laurie Long and Lady District Officer Mrs. Morrish attended. Most members brought along something in the way of " eats and drinks" so that the proceedings opened with a tea, after which dancing and games continued up to 9 o ' clock. After an interval a homeproduced sketch was given which kept everyone amused until closing time. .

The Romford Ambulance Division now possesses three cups-one for intersection competition, one for individual first aid, and one for individual improvised first aid. The Nursing Division possesses two cups. One is for individual first aid and the other for Home Nursing teams of two.

Wardens of " B " area of Romford are now receiving instructions from the Brigade members and further classes for the general public are in being.

SouTHALL.-The Mayor of Southall (Ald. Mrs. F. S. Amos) presented 17 certificates, 10 vouchers, 13 medallions and 19 labels to successful students of a first aid class arranged by the Southall-Norwood Division, when she attended a concert at the British o Legion Hall. It was, she said, a .great pleasure to present the awards;. of Brigade were seen at many functions and they always seemed to find time to gIVe theIr services in case of need.

L.M.S.R. CAMDEN.-On April 28 the No. 146 (L.M.S.R Camden) Division held a concert and presentation of awards. There was a large audience, the visitors including Mr. A. L. Castleman (London District Goods Manager) and Mrs. Castleman, Mr. Roland Davies (Chief Accountant, Camden), Mr. C. Nixon (Goods Agent, Camden), Assistant Commissioner Capt. Russell Steele; District Officer T. McBride, Dr. and Mrs. H. C. Semon, of the B.RC.S.

Mr. Harwood (Chief Clerk, Camden) took the chair, the awards being presented by , Mrs. Castleman.

Amb. Officer W. J . Taylor, who organised the concert, spoke of the fine spirit in the Brigade and the work of the Division. A letter was read from Div. Supt. G. Kirkham, now serving with the RA.F.

156

No.4 CHESHIRE DISTRICT

ALTRINCHAM. - Lady Supt. Mrs. F. E. Kinsey has announced that the Altrincham Nursing Division is now over 50 strong. One member is full-time C.N.R., one fulltime Auxiliary Military Hospital, two full-time F.A.P., two are in the W.A.A.F., and all other members doing part-time F.A.P. or hospital duties.

The Social Committee has handed the sum of £155 15s. 5d. to the Red Cros s and St John Fund, the result of a special effort.

NO.5 DISTRICT

Acting County Commissioner Harry C. Chambers (County of Derby) sends the following extract from a letter received from a director of a London firm of importance :- " Incidentally, I have to thank the St. John Ambulance Corps for getting me to hospital so rapidly and comfortably. I was taken ill just after midnight and by 3 a.m. was back in bed after a successful operation. That's what I call good service! "

ECCLESALL.-At a recent successful whist drive held by the Ecclesall Nursing Division Lady Corps Supt. Mrs. J. Windle, who was introduced by Lady Supt. Mrs. Utley, presented awards gained at the last examination.

SHEFFIELD.-The first annual report of the Sheffield Nursing Corps gives particulars of interesting work carried out since January, 1939, to December, 1941. The first Nursing Divisi on was formed in Sheffield on January 15, 1912, but at December 31, 1941, the total number of Nursing Divisions had increased to 13, with a personnel of 372, and two Cadet Nursing Divisions with a personnel of 29.

Duties have been undertaken at local activities and also at clinics, hospitals, etc. Instruction has been given to large numbers of the general public; and the amount of voluntary service for the year ended December 6, 1941, was 10,809 duties involving 42,546 hours. Some 1,236 cases were treated. The number of members enrolled in the C.N. Reserve at the end of 1941 was 4 mobile and 141 immobile, whilst in the Civil Defence 40 were on full time and 54 part-time at F.A. Posts, 11 full-time and 20 p 'arttime at Mobile Units, 15 full-time and 29 part-time in Civil and Emergency Hospitals. Some 40 vVar Service Bars have been gained by members. At the St. John Sick Bay over 166 in-patients and 3,149 out-patients have received attention; members have put in 2,730 attendances. During heavy air raids on Sheffield much valuable help was given; special mention must be made of Amb. Sister Miss M J. Fairfax, who attended the Investiture at Buckingham Palace and received from H .M. the Queen a Certificate of Honour of the Order. Other activities included assistance given at Rest Centres, to the Home Guard, to the Blood Transfusion Service, and meml;:>ers look forward to the future with confidence.

No. 7 DISTRICT

HEREFORD.-The Chief Commissioner, Sir John Duncan, inspected a parade of some 300 members of the Brigade in Herefordshire. Assistant County Commissioner G. N. Bullock was in charge and amon g those who accompanied the Commissioner on his tour of inspection were County Surgeon C. W. Walker, Chief Constable Freeman Newto n, Viscount Hereford , and Lady County Officer Mrs. E. Hopton. Visitors included the Viscountess Hereford and the Hon. Mrs. Devereux (County President and Vi ce-President), and Miss E. H. Jennings During the inspection, and also during the march pass, the Hereford City Prize Band played selections.

Tea was provided in the Masonic Hall, the arrangements being carried out by Mrs. Stu r ges s and her staff from the W.V.S.

After the inspection and again during tea the Chief Commissioner spoke to the Brigade members and stressed the importance of the work they were doing. , He traced the rapid expansion of the Brigade in the County of Hereford since its inception, and pointed out the great historical connections of the Order with Herefordshire . He thariked County Officer H. J. Harris for his work in this direction and for the excellent book he had written on the subject. The visit had, he said, impressed him with the keenness and efficiency of all ranks.

, No.8 (DUKE OF CONNAUGHT'S) DISTRICT

GUILDFORD.-The Guildford Corps lost by death a very valued member when Corps Officer Arthur Norton passed away on April 11. He was in charge of the transport of the Corps and was one of the pioneers of the movement in the town, having been associated with it for 51 years. It was in 1890 that Mr. Norton and others , under the leadership of the late Mr. Martin Williamson and the late Dr. Russell, formulated the Guildford Ambulance Division. He served as private and N.C.O until 1925, when he was promoted to Ambulance Officer. Eight years· later he became the Divisional Superintendent and in 1936 became Corps Officer in charge of transport. He held the Service Medal and two Bars.

Representatives of the Brigade and the B.R.C.S. attended the funeral service, at which many local activities paid their last respects to one who had worked for the benefit of mankind for so many years.

No.9 DISTRICT

PENZANcE.-The presentation of awards to members of the Penzance Division and of the Detached First Aid Class was coupled with a social evening on May 18, at which Dr. Hadfield presided, supported by the Chief Constable (Mr. Beale), who presented awards, Mr. H. W. C. Shaw (sub-controller of A.R.P.), Supt. T. C. Cooper, and others.

The rcwort of the Division's work during the past year was given by Divisional Secretary B. W. Polglase. Many classes had been held and some good results obtained. The work of organising and conducting these classes had fallen heavily on Supt. Cooper, who had shown untiring zeal and unselfish devotion.

WEYMouTH.-Div. Surgeon E. Gordan Wallace, supported by Lady Supt. Mrs. Bartlett, Supt. Farmer, and others, presided at the presentation of awards to members of the Weymouth Nursing Division. The awards, which comprised 51 certificates, 3 vouchers, 16 medallions, 35 labels, and 45 pendants, were distributed by Lady County Supt. Mrs. Cooper and Vice-Presidents Mrs. Davison and Mrs. Biles.

The (Miss Long) in her report stated that over 1,300 hours of voluntary duties had been done by members at local hospital and nursing home; members were also always on duty at the F.A. Post. Miss Hinchcliffe, the treasurer, also gave a report on the financial standing of the Division.

No. 10 DISTRICT

ATTLEBoROuGH.-On Sunday, May 17, teams from Attleborough, Diss and Thetford competed for the" Lord Bury" cup in the Works Attleborough, kindly lent by Mr. Chapman Gaymer of the local Ambulance Division). Assistant County Commissioner Dr. W. E. Rutledge judged the work of the teams, which was very efficiently carried olit. Attleborough Division gained the highest number of marks and were therefore adjudged the winners.

NORWlcH.-The annual meeting of the Norwich Corps was held on May 4, Mr:: J H. Dain presiding. Assistant County Commissioner Dr. W. Rutledge, Lady County Supt. Dr. May Rutledge, the Rev. Canon Clayton (Chaplain to the Order), Treasurer H. O. Clark, and Secretary H. S. Denny were present.

Those present stood in silence in honour of those members and other citizens of Norwich who had lost their lives during the recent enemy air raids.

A satisfactory financial report was given by the Treasurer; whilst the Secretary reported that during the year increase in both ambulance and nursing personnel (adult and cadet) had taken place. Members had treated 5,655 cases and carried out 10,892 voluntary duties. Over 680 awaqis had been gained.

The reports of the Divisional Superintendents on the work of their Division were most satisfactory.

Dr. May Rutledge thanked the nurses for all their efforts, especially commenting the great progress of No.3 Nursing Division, which ha9- grown from six members In 1940 to such numbers that this Division had now been divided into five divisions.

NORTHERN IRELAND DISTRICT

HOLywooD.-Eleven teams from Nursing Division of County Down competed for the challenge cup presented by County President The Lady Dunleath. Bangor w ere declared the winners, being half a mark in front of Newtownards , with Newcastle 10 marks behind. District Surgeon Wilfred set and judged the test.

Those present included Acting Commissioner Professor Gregg Wilson, who presented the awards, Lady District Supt. Mrs. Wallace, Lady Dunleath, Assistant Commissioner J. Harris Rea, Lady County Officer Miss O. K. Neill, Lady County Cadet Officer Mrs. Lockhart, Lady Smiles (Divisional President) and others.

LONDoNDERRY.-The death took place on Sunday, April 28 , of William Duncan, of the Londonderry Ambulance Division. For many years he was intensely interested in first aid, and during the last war he was awarded the St. John War Service Medal. He was appointed to Superintendent in 1934, and in 1939 was admitted a Serving Brother of the Order. On the afternoon prior to his death, h e was one of the most heroic and energetic workers in an attempt to save the factory with which he w as connected for 47 years, from an outbreak of fire

Among those who attended the funeral were the Mayor of Londonderry (Senator F. J. Simmons, J.P .), Assistant Commissioner Sir Dudley E. B. McCorkell, Div. Surgeon M. F. and Div . Supt. W. J. Williams, who was in charge of the Brigade party . This officer will be greatly missed by his colleagues.

FOUND

'Medallion No. 274340 in Bacup. Owner can obtain same on application to Amb SIster 'L. Brown, 184, Todmorden Road, Bacup , Lancs. 158 .

:J obn

Golden Jubilee of the Brigade Overseas.-On December 21, 1892, the first unit of the Brigade Overseas was formed at Dunedin, New Zealand . This year 1942, therefo.re, marks the Golden Jubilee of the foundation of the Brigade Overseas, an event WhICh would call for public celebrations on the scale of those of 1931 and 1937 were it not for the war.

New Zealand.-The following extracts have been taken from the annual report for 1941, issued by the Commandary Commissioner Lt .-Col. G. Barclay:The year has been an exceptionally busy one; but demands have been fully met. The strength of the Brigade now stands at 11,230 , an increase of nearly 3,000; 96 n e w d i visions and sections have been formed since the last annual report. The number of services performed during the year was 120,959 against 114,890 for 1940

Cases attended on public duty totalled 35,711; whilst the public duty carried out on a selected Saturday afternoon during the winter sports season showed that 1,111 games were attended, 996 adult and 294 cadet members being on duty, and 1,549 cases treated. The number of cases attended whilst not on public duty totalled nearly 50,000 against 47,266 in 1940

Removal and transport work in which members assisted amounted to 11,834 (against 10,939); whilst 2,039 attendances w ere made at hospitals and 2,208 cases we r e nursed privately by members of the N ursing Divisions.

Assistance has been rendered at the Military Medical Examination Boards, while me mbers of Nursing Divisions have done duty at clinics, hospitals, etc .

Th e number of members who have joined the various services since the commencement of war stands at 1,003 . Further calls ha v e since increas ed thi s number. The trai ning of Voluntary Aids has been actively carried out and 1,141 member s have come from towns all over the Dominion. Over 90 St. John V.A.s are at preseIf t on duty at hospitals, camps, etc., in New Zealand and overseas

Th e trainin g in A.R.P. work has continued and the number of persons trarned has totalled 1,432. Members of the Brigade continue to give their services f0r bloodtransfusion purposes, there being 795 members registered a gain st 288 twelve months agoYh e Cadet Branch -has had a year of continued e x pansion: 45 .new divisions hB:ve been fo rmed and the stren gth of existin g di visions increased. B y arran gement wlth the Tr ansport Department, members of Cadet Divisions are receiving instruction in pedest rian safety, safety in cycling, motor driving requiremen ts for dr:J.vers and and mo tor drivin g rul es The number of Profici ency Certificates Issued durmg the year w as 5,277 (as against 3,197); 628 Badges have been received from Headq\1arters in E n gland; and the Grand Prior's Cadet Badge has been awarded to 107

During the y ear 36 members received t he Service Medal of the Order, whilst 18 membe rs gained the Service M edal Bar.

It is pleasin g t o be able to announce that Her E x cellency Lad y Newall has been pleased to accept the po sition of Dominion President of Nursing Divisi ons , and has already shown a warm i nterest in the w ork of the O r der.

On May 13 a Dedication, of Brigade Col o urs w a s held in Dunedin Sir Heaton Rhodes and other officers of the Commandary in New Zealand w ere in attendance The Co lours were the gift of an officer of the Brigade.

I n Paetoe (South Auckland) the Brigade have recently been able to purchase a hall w hich will become the headquarters for St. John work in the district . Bri g ade members in Waihi have been abl e tQ raise funds and hav e erected an ambulance station at Waihi B each; whilst members of the St. Paul's Nursin g Division have pres ented a Bann e r of the Brigade to the Ca thedral Church of St . Pauls, Wellington. The Banner, which was the work o f the members of the Division, was dedicated and rec eiv ed on Dec e mber 7

As the Cadet Nursin g Di v isions will wish th eir Cadets w orkin g in War Nurs eries to take the Child Welfare Certificate, and as the Cad et Juv e nile Manual is out of p r int, a type d of th e Child Welfa re Secti on can b e o btaine d, price 3d., fr om th e Chief Officer for Girl Cad ets.

Cad et War Ser vice Badge (G irls) .-Nursin g Cadets servin g in hospitals, auxiliary hos pitals, convalesc ent h o mes , wartime nurseries and nursery schools, or doin g other wo rk recognised by th e Chief Commissioner as war ser v ice, who hav e compl et e d at least 300 hours active s ervice during tw elve calendar months , are eli gible for this award T he award is retrospecti ve, but up to the end of 1941 only A R.P service and hospital 159

may be counted. The badge will be worn on the uniform dress on the right breast in line with the second button down. Second and third badges may be worn horizontally alongside the first with t in. space between. Upon transfer to adult membership the Cadet War Service Badge may be worn on adult uniform as directed for the adult War Service Bar.

National Juvenile Organisations.-Thanks to the energetic action of Lady DunbarN asmith, Chief Officer for Girl Cadets, the St. John Cadets Divisions are now represented on the Standing Conference of National Juvenile Organisabons.

A special illustrated article on St. John Cadets will be published in the Women's Illustrated on sale on July 3. Readers interested in the Cadet movement should place an order for this with their local newsagent.

Norwich.-The first Grand Prior's Badge to be won in Norfolk was presented to Cadet Sergt. Molly Boatwright on May 9, at Norwich. Lord Albemarle (County President), County Com. Dr. K. Lund, Asst. County Com. Dr. 'TV. Rutled g e, Lady County Supt. Dr. May Rutledge and other officers were present, including Mrs. Chapman Gaymer (President, Nursing Division).

Some 200 Cadets from neighbouring divisions witnessed the presentation and also enjoyed an excellent tea arranged by Mrs. H. S Denny (Lady Cadet Supt.) and kindly financed by Dr. May Rutledge.

The Norwich Girl Cadets gave a delightful dancing display; and games, dancin g and compebtions were enjoyed by all. The evenin g concluded with the g ivin g of parcels, sent by the American Junior Red Cross, to Cadets possessing the larg est number of certificates. The recipients immediately thought of the many boys and girls who had lost their toys during the recent raids, and a large number of these parcels will gladden the hearts of these children.

Attleboroul.h.-Fol1owing the adult ambulance competition held on May 17, teams of Boy Cadets competed for first-aid outfits presented by Mrs. Chapman Gaymer. The junior team was highly complimented by the adjudicator (Dr. May Rutledge) on their quick and efficient treatment of arterial ha'!morrhage, but tJ;ley lost mark s on a further injury. The senior team was declared the winners. The cup and oth er prizes were presented to the winners by Lord Albemarle (County Penzance.-At a Youth Festival held at Penzance on May 9, the Penzance Boy Cadet Division staged an accident which impressed upon those present the value of first aid. Their promptness and efficiency was a credit to their instructors and to the boys themselves.

Keighley.-Five teams of Cadets (four of boys and one of girls) recently took part in a competition for a cup given by Mrs. Norman Newsholme, of Utley. Inspector Rochester (A.R.P. Organiser for Keighley) was the judge. The winning team comprised J. Bailey (leader), P. Jones, K. Taylor and W. Middlebrook. The cup was presented to the winning team by the donor, each member also receiving S aving Certificates. Lady Corps Supt. Mrs. Scatterty expressed thanks to all helpers; Lt -Col. Scatterty also spoke.

Southgate.-Lady Supt. Mrs. M. E. Brooks, of the Minchenden (Southgate) nrsing Division has now trained some 1,000 girls in first aid and home nursing. Three Cadet Nursing Divisions have been formed and a fourth is contempiated . Lectures have been given and arranged on morse, map reading, anti- gas, child welfare, handicraft, organised games and casualty training. During the summer competitio n s will be held between the divisions, ending with a display for the benefit of the par e nts.

Leeds.-Recently Corps Supt. M. B. Fenton, accompanied by Lady Co rps Officer Miss Hicks, Corps Officers G. Daccus and H. Johnson, presented Grand Prior Badges to the following members of the Chapel Allerton Cadet Nursing Division :- Cadet Sergt. Edith Cliff, Cadet Corps. Kathleen Dye, Marion Abbott, Cadets Betty Crowther , Moreen Moult, and Constance Lightholder.

The Division has now eight Grand Prior Cadets, which is believed to be a record for the North of England.

Congratulating the Cadets on their work, Corps Supt . Fenton said their efforts would be an example and an inspiration to others.

Mitcham.-On April 25, the Davis Cup Competition was held at Mitcham, when the local team drew with the Tottenham and Edmonton team for first place. In an eliminating examination Mitcham was placed first, whilst the Tottenham and Edmonton Division were placed second for the third year.

Northern Ireland.-Nursing Cadets of County Down competed for a cup, pres ented _by Lady County Officer Miss Neill, the successful team being from Banbrid g e Division, with Bangor as runners-up. At another competition for prizes presented by Lady District Supt. Mrs. Wallace, and in whiCh Girl Guides were included, Banbridge again showed their superiority.

160

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GENERAL INTEREST

Prefessor T. David Jones , presided at a meeting of the First Aid in Mines SubCommittee of the Priory for Wales, held at Priory House on May 12, convened to examine a new type of stretcher designed by Dr. Melbourne Thomas, Medical Officer at Ll:wynypia Hospital. He explained that he had studied the question of the transport of sick and injured as a result of his experience as Medical Officer at Llwynypia Hospital; and his investigation had proved that in a great many cases a marked deterioration in the condition of a patient on arrival at hospital was due to faulty transport. He dealt fully with two of the contributory causes, viz. (1) faulty posture and (2) vibration. In his view the" flat-on-the-back" or fully extended position demanded by the customary stretcher acts in general as an adverse influence in the course of most types of sickness. The carrier under demonstration provided for body flexion without downward inclination of the lower limbs, while a floating action allowed the · personal co-efficient and body weight to achieve a position of comfort; and the floating action would further diminish vibration inherent to rigid construction.

The demonstration was very favourably received, members expressing themselves in agreement with the main principle; and arrangements for further tests are in hand.

Advantage was taken of the occasion to give an opportunity to County Officer C. M. Kitto to display the K- J Artificial Respiration and Spinal Board designed by himself and his assistant at the Mines Rescue Station, New Tredegar. The medical and technical members expressed great interest and was decided that four members WQuld arrange for it to be made available at certain collieries in different parts for trial and report back in twelve months.

Dr. Armstrong introduced a team of Brigade members, led by Corps Officer D. J. Down, who demonstrated the splinting and removal of a case of Fractured Neck in a manner in which the Committee agreed was an improvement on accepted practice inasmuch as it ensured greater rigidity with consequent reduction of possible aggravation of injury. The team were warmly thanked for their demonstration and assured that the matter would be recorded for consideration when a revised edition of the First Aid in Mines Textbook was taken in hand . Meanwhile, Dr. Armstrong and Dr. David were asked to write up the method and supply the Priory with a copy.

CENTRE REPORTS

BRECKNOCKSHIRE CENTRE.-Lieut.-Col. C. G. Cole-Hamilton, C.M.G., D.S.O., reports, as Commissioner, that with the registration of two new Nursing and one Cadet Ambulance Divisions, the strength of the Centre increaseq. during the past year by 51, bringing the total strength to 1,084. This figure represents practically 2 cent of the population of the county

The calls for Civil Defence services have been fully met and instructors, etc., have been found for many organisations

The Commissioner is to be congratulated upon reaching this high-water mark of intensive development in the face of considerable obstacles , not the least of which is the difficulty in finding doctors to lecture to classes in isolated parts of a scattered county.

WEST DENBIGHSHIRE. CENTRE.-At the annual social of the Colwyn Bay Division it was stated that this unit has lost over half its pre-war membership. Of the 85 members serving before the war, 41 are in the Forces and 14 have left the district to take up war work. '

Mr. F. Howard Sutcliffe presided, supported by the Rev. Jenkyn Jones, Dr. G. Pari Huws (Commissioner for West Denbighshire), Dr. Geoffrey Jones and Dr. W McKendrick (Borough M O.H.) Supt. R. Courtney said that the Brigade was doing a of work. Their public duties in 1941 numbered 996; and he was confident that if everyone kept his shoulder to the wheel, the flag of St . John would be kept flying in the district.

Dr. Geoffrey Jones reported on the efficiency of the Division; and Dr. Pari Huws congratulated officers and men on the work they had done in the face of great difficulties

Replying to a toast to the guests, Dr. McKendrick said he regarded the Brigade as the town's first line of defence. He outlined the duties of the men in the A.R.P. services

The umpire's report on the recent Civil Defence exercise stated the ambulance work had been well done, which was a compliment to the St. John Brigade; and he assured those present that the town was indebted to the Brigade for their services.

162

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GLAMORGAN CENTRE . - The Chief Constable for Glamorgan having organised a First Aid Competition for Special Constables in ,the county, an eliminating contest was held on May 16 at Cad oxton Schools, Neath, when the teams consisted of members of the Neath Division of the Glamorgan Special Constabulary. The competiti o n was keen, and the audience, among whom were Sir William Jenkins, M.P., and Lady Jenkins, Supt. 1,iVilliam Doolan and Mrs. Doolan, Dr. C. Armstrong, J.P (As st. Commissioner for the Neath County Area), Mr. W. P. Jenkins, J.P ., Dr. J. P. Prell and Dr. Wilson, Police Inspectors Andrew J ones and Glyn Evans, were treated to a fine display. The practical work was of the highest standard, particularly that of the Port Talbot and Seven Sisters teams. The final result showed the Port Talbot team as winners, with Seven Sisters as runn ers-up.

The Assistant Commissioner for the Brid gend County Area (Mr. D. M. Jones ) reports that recorded cases of sickn'ess and accident treated by the units in this ar e a during 1941 numbered 1,300, and 105 road accidents were dealt \'lith. Nursing members put in 592 attendances for voluntary duty at clinics . The six Medical Comforts Depots were w ell maintained.

PEMBROKESHIRE CENTRE.-The Newport (Pembs .) Nursing Division, of which Mrs , L. C. George is Acting Lady Superintendent , is to be congratulated on the succes s of a Welsh concert or g anised on May 23 in aid of Divisional funds, which benefit e d t o the extent of £28 lOs. 6d.

Nursing members of the Brigade in Pembrokeshire are responding in many w ay s to the calls for service, a number having undertaken duty in the three hospit a ls administered by the Pembrokeshire Joint Red Cross and St. John Committee, one of which is very efficiently run by Lady County Supt. Mrs, Bickerton Ed w ard s, at Ffynone, the beautiful house placed at the disposal of the , War Or ganisation by Mr. Daniel Daniel, J.P. (Commissioner for Pembrokeshire), and herself for this purp o se.

BOROUGH OF MERTHYR TYDFIL CENTRE.-The Commissioner (Capt. W J. Canton , LL.B',) writes :-

" There are now three Corps with 25 Divisions in our area, with a membership of 944 after allowing for 113 members at Fochriw and Bedlinog transferred to G lam o rgan County Area; 232 men and 83 nurses are enrolled in the Civil Defence F irst Aid and Civil Nursirig Reserve services, for duty in First Aid Party Depots, F irst Aid Posts and Emex:gency Hospitals in Merthyr :)3orou gh. No members hav e re si g n ed under the recent order of the Ministry of Home Security . A new ' Andrews Corps has been formed from the Divisions at Merthyr Vale and Treharris, in h o nour of Mr. T. Andrews , J.P., Centre Chairman. Classes and competitions are held re gularly, and the keennes s and efficiency of all ranks cannot be too warmly commended in view of lon g working hours and war conditions. The attractions and activities of the Youth Movement and the registration of juveniles of 16-18 threatens to interfere ffith recruiting for the Brigade, especially as those joining the junior defence organisations are provided with free uniforms, etc. The Brigade is represented on the panels appointed to interview juveniles on registration. During the year there were 380 attendances at Medical Comforts Depots , and in addition 2 ,796 cases of sickness and accident were att ended ,"

PAIN

By Captain A. C. White Knox, M.C., M.B., Ch.B.

(Member of the Revision Textbook Committee and Assistan t Comm i ssioner S.j.A E.)

My dictionary tells me that "Pain" is a disagreeable sensation in the animal body.

I wonder if many first aiders think of the tremendous part which" Pain " plays in the diagnosis and treatment of injury or illness.

"Pain," of course, means that some part of the body is and the sensory nerves in that area pick up the sensation and carry it back to the brain for appreciation.

The sensory nerves, therefore, play fundamental part in pain appreciation ; and as we know that they are distributed all over the body, pain can be felt in any part of the body.

It may be limited in area or widely distributed over the body.

It may be described in many different ways for the reason that sensation must always be a matter of degree, and pain which to some people might be excruciating to others is just bad.

This effect is one of the things which makes pain somewhat unreliable as 164

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The acute discomfort of recurring , indigestion, ' the pain of and associated with acid dyspepsia, will YIeld to treatment with' BiSoDoL. '

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far as diagnosis is concerned. We may take it that there are more people who magnify pain than there are who minimise it.

I have said that pain !lleans that some part of the body is hurt. This may mean that one small unit of the body is hurt and produces pain, or that a number of units of the body are hurt and we get a combination of pains. Obviously, unit pain is more valuable for diagnosis than multiple pains.

The hurt to the body may be caused by a wide range of causes varying from a slight pinch to the gross injuries of wound production. It does not foll0w, however, that the gross injuries produce the greatest pains. The slightest irritation caused by a tiny stone in the bile duct or a similar stone on the passage from the kidney to the bladder can produce almost unbearable pain, while a large lacerated wound in many parts of the body may only produce a lesser degree of pain.

Shock conditions may blunt the appreciation of pain, just as they frequently lessen the rate of loss of blood from the body. This is nature's method of protecting the body.

If we study our first aid Textbook carefully we notice that the symptom " Pain" is usually placed first on the list of items for diagnosis. This is done because it is the first thing which the first aider should enquire about when making his routine examination. It leads him to the possible seat of the injury and is a point which should never be neglected in diagnosis. Much time is frequently wasted by first aiders in searching for injuries when two " Have you any pain? " and" Where is it ? " wou·ld spot them at once.

Pain is, therefore, an extremely valuable pointer in quick diagnosis. The importance of pain in treatment must also be stressed.

We know that the body is made up of an innumerable quantity of small cellular units. Rapidity of healing depends on the care with which these units are treated. If they are roughly treated, the thin envelope surrounding them is destroyed, the contents are' dissipated and a new cell has to be manufactured. This takes time and the healing period is increased. The more celli roughly treated, the longer must be the period of recovery. If the injury itself has caused destruction of a large number of cells, it is sometimes better for the patient to have the injured cells removed and leave nature to grow new ones to replace them. This is hardly a point for first aiders to deal with, but it goes to show that painful injured cells are better out of the way.

If injury itself can cause this damage, how careful the first aider must be that he shall do nothing to aggravate the condition; and the simple test for this is, " Am I increasing t!!e patient's discomfort?" If you are doing this then you are definit'ely harming him.

The first aider's rule should, therefore, be, " Be kind to the unit cell. Treat it gently and do nothing to irritate or injure it." Follow that up by being kind to the part of the body of which the injured cell is a part, and still further by being kind to the body as a whole. If you are careful with these three items, the injured condition will heal more readily and the patient will be saved that amount of discomfort which not only causes him much anxiety but literally retards his recovery.

First aid Textbooks are much concerned with the choice of many different methods of treatment which various schools of thought are convinced are the best. I would submit that this is a matter which the second, third or fourth aiders should argue about, and that the first aider should be guided by the rule that if they are relieving pain they are administering the best treatment in the circumstances.

The treatment of bums and scalds is a perfect example of this. The different schools preach this and that; but the unfortunate patient is concerned not with the method which is to be used for his ultimate recovery but what the first aider can do ' to relieve his excruciating pain. I am more and more convinced that the warm alkaline treatment our Textbook recommends fulfils this purpose.

The treatment of wounds, fractures, dislocations, sprains and many other injuries should follow strictly along similar lines. If you increasing pain

(Continued on page I70) . .

166

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INTERESTING CASE REPORTS

CASE REPORT No. 203.-The High Commissioner for New Zealand reports the resuscitation of a Maori boy in the following circumstances :-

Recently a young native, the son of Isaac Matenga, who is an employee of the Public Works Department, fell into the Waikato River and was removed from the water apparently drowned. Artificial respiration was commenced forthwith and was unsuccessful. Half an hour after the accident the boy's father arrived on the scene, hung the patient head downwards over a manuka fire, compressed his chest and restored life.

COMMENT.-We are grateful to the High Commissioner for this report. One explanation may be (1) that the manuka fire gives off carbon dioxide in greater quantities than usual and at the same time a minimum of injurious gases; and (2) that the stimulating action of the gas combined with compression of the chest restored the patient to life. Another explanation, of course, may be that the successful issue was, in fact, the culmination of all resuscitative efforts, including orthodox artificial respiration.

Incidentally, Captain A. E. Biscoe, of the Royal Life Saving Society; informs us that the manuka is a New Zealand shrub, the Tea Tree, the twigs of which are used to make brushes and !he leaves of which are used by the Bushmen to make tea.-N. C. F.

CASE REpORT No. 204.-The Officer-in-Charge of No.1 (Prince of Wales's) District reports the efficient performance of first aid by a recently enrolred member of the Wandsworth and Putney Division in the following circumstances :-

On April 14, Pte. Kincaid was driving his bus through Wandsworth when he came across a soldier motor-cyclist who, surr.ounded by a crowd, was lying injured in the middle of the road. He dismounted from his bus and found that the so l dier had crashed into a standard and had received no attention.

Introducing himself as a member of the Brigade, he offered his services, which were gladly accepted by the Police Sergeant on the spot. He then discovered that the soldier had fractured his thigh, which he immediately controlled by extending the limb and by using a piece of rubber tubing (which he had in his pocket) as a figure-ofeight bandage round both ankles and feet. In addition he removed his own overcoat and wrapped it round the soldier, whose tunic he also loosened

On the arrival of the ambulance the attendant asked Pte. Kincaid to fix the fractured thigh with splints and bandages while he proceeded to a nearby shop where the soldier's wife (who had been riding pillion) was reported to be injured. When the ambulance attendant returned, Pte. Kincaid assisted him to load stretcher and to place both patients in the ambulance. He then remounted his bus and resumed his daily job, having been delayed just 20 minutes.

COMMENTS.-Such being the facts, Pte. Kincaid merits cordial congratulations on good work done in unusual circumstances.-N. C. F.

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

COMPRESSION OF FEMORAL ARTERY

G. B. (Caerphilly).-At Divisional Practice recently our Ambulance Officer was showing us how to arrest the femoral artery by digital pressure on the groin as shown in Fig. 70 on p. 124 of the Textbook. A member then tried to show us an alternative method of pressing on the pressure point whilst he faced the feet of the patient. Your comments will be welcomed.

The method laid down in the T-extbook is the more efficient and is preferable because, facing the patient, we are able to clasp the thigh firmly with the fingers of both hands.N. C. F.

ROLLER BANDAGE FOR FINGERS

E. T. (Upton-on-Severn).-When we have to bandage all the fingers, should we bandage the little fin ger first or last? I shall be grateful for your ruling on this point, because the Home Nursing Textbook give no complete illustration of the same Tut! Tut!! If yo1,-£ refer to the Ij.N. Textbook you will find in the opening lines on p. 28 the answer to your query.-N. C. F.

COMPRESSION OF AXILLARY ARTERY

M. D. (Midlands).-As a Brigade Surgeon, I wonder how often the need to compress the axillary artery occurs in actual practice. Personally I find it difficult to do so in class demonstrations, anti then only with thin patients who can tolerate a very light banaage. In these circumstances I welcome your comments. 168

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In actual practice the need for compression of the axillary artery will, as you say, rarely occur. Its value" however, lies in the f(Lct that if the injury be too near the shoulder to justify the application of a tourniquet to the brachial artery, instrumental pressure on th e axillary will render unnecessary continued application of digital pressure on the subclavian artery. Further, this may prove of supreme importance because in many A.R.P. ambulances it is not possible for the attendant to stand beside the pati ent

Personally I hav e never found any difficulty in co m pressing the axillary artery since the day when I first used a billiard ball for th i s purpose. Consequ ently , in my lectures I always insist in free exposure of th e armpit an d on plac i ng i n that small tri angular space a pad" the size, shape and consist ency of a bi ll i ard ball ': or, in other words, " something small, round, smooth and hard" such as a bi lliar d, golf or fives ball, a stone or the bowl of a briar pipe with its stem pointing forwards.

Why the Textbook does not insist on baring the armpit as it does with the region ,above the collarbone' for compression of the subclavian artery I do not k11£OW I Incidentally, some lecturers glibly tell their students to mak e a triangular pad out of a triangular bandage and to insert the apex thereof into th e armpit for co m pression of the axillary artery. On occasions I have told candidates to do so an d to ch eck th e result by f eeling t he radial artet'y. Needless to add this suggestion al ways fa i ls I I- N. C. F.

SIMPLE FRACTURES OF BOTH LEGS

A. (Chiswick).-In a recent test we were asked to treat a man who, as the result of a motor accident, sustained a simple fracture in the middle of the shaft of each leg. Some of us applied four splints and some two outer splints. We shall welcome your ruling.

Were I in your place I should tre at each fract ure d l eg separat ely an d then bind limb to limb. Such action would facilitate my work as a first-aider and also that of the doctor who subsequently takes charge of the pat i en t .-N. C. F. ALCOHOL AS DISINFECTANT

P. M . , (Birmingham).-Please tell me how alcohol acts and how it produces effects as a disinfectant of the skin. In your A i ds ,to F irs t A id you praise it as a disinfectant.

Alcohol is an excell ent skin disi nf ect ant because it dissol ve s fat, enter s th e sweat and subaceous ducts and qui ckly evaporat es. It th er ef ore cools th e sk in whi ch con sequently becomes pale from the con tr action of th e small blood ve ss els an d so i ndi rec tly caus es less sweat to be secreted. Alcohol has the po we r of ta k ing up water; and i t produces its antiseptic action by r emo ving w ater fro m ger ms w hic h are t hu s k i ll ed. - N C. F .

SOUTHERN RAILWAY

The Basingstoke Individual First Aid competition was held on May 20 , this taking the form of two-bearer tests, for the first time, and was therefore confined to members of the Basingstoke and Guildford classes

Twelye entries presented themselves before Dr Eades Vessell , who judged the event, assisted by Mr. F. A. Trott, Welfare and A R.P. Instructor, Southern Railway, and Mr. A. Francis, Competition Secretary and Class Secretary, Basingstoke Class

PAIN-Continued from page 166 most likely you are harming your patient. Desist! Change your technique ; and you will be a better first aider.

It is unfortunate that it does not seem possible to allow first aiders to use pain-relieving drugs. I am convinced that a wider use of these drugs would do much to relieve the shock conditions which are such a bugbear to quick and comfortable recovery.

The days of spartan treatment are over. No longer is it necessary for a drug to be horrid in taste or smell to be efficient, and no longer is it necessary to sting irritate a wound to make it heal quickly. Be kind to the cell ; be kind to the part of which the cell is a unit; be kind to the body which i s comprised of these units; and your patient will recover to bless you.

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Lgth. : 44,"6,44,'i6,"5,<44,"6,iS,47,46 48,48

O.S. 40, 40, 40, 42 X.O.S. 44, 46 46, 48, 50, 8 is, 048

S.J.A. REGULATION HAY for Officers Fur Felt, 29/6 and Wool Felt, 19/11. Ambulance Sisters, Felt, 16/11. Badies are only obtainable from H.Q. Sizes: 6t, 6t, 61, 6i, 7, 7., 71:, 7t. Storm Cap 13/6.

NEW REGULATION DRESS for Ambulance Sisters. Made from good quality Sanforized - Shrunk washln, material.

Bodice unlined, Women's 21/6

Bodice lined, Women's 2 /6

OFF DUTY DRESSES

In Grey Matalaine Wm's Made to Measure Wm's In Grey Lystar Women's

STOCK SIZES (Women's) : 59/11 67/15/-

Bust: 34, 34, 36, 36, 36, 38, 38, 38. 38

Waist: 26, 26, 28, 28, 28, 30, 30, 31, 31

Skirt: 28, 30, 28, 30, 32, 30, 32, 30, 32

REGULATION CAP for Ambulance Sisters, 27 by 18 ins. or 28 by 19 Ins., 2/8

OB TAINABLE FROM HEADQUARTERS \ ONLY t6e <!)fficfo.f of t6e \l'riorB in t6e Q!)titis6 (!leo.fm of t6t ' Q;'enero.Bfe <Drber of f 13 e 1£)oGt'ito.f of ji!;f.. ,3"o6n of ,3"ttuso.ftm

VOL. 15. NO.7

CONTENTS:

EDITORIAL

DEATH OF MRS. ST. JOHN ATKINSON

PROMOTIONS IN, AND APPOINTMENTS TO, THE ORDER ON ACTIVE SERVICE

PHYSIOLOGY IN FIRST AID

OBITUARY

POLICE AMBULANCE NEWS

CIVIL DEFENCE SERVICES

THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRIGADE OVERSEAS

BIRTHDAY HONOURS

THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRIGADE AT-HOME

CADET NEWS

PRIORY FOR WALES

INTERESTING CASE REPORTS

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

EDITORIAL OFFICES:

ST. JOHN'S GATE, LONDON, E.C . l.

(All reports, etc., should reach the Editor not later than the 28th of the month.)

PUBLISHING OFFICES: 11-13, BREAM'S BUILDINGS, LONDON, E.C.4.

WOUNDS, BURNS, etc.

HE.AL RAPIDLY and WILL NOT TURN SEPTIC

I

TREATED WITH

BECAUSE

one or other -or all of the three races of germs, Streptococci, . . Staphylococci and B.pyocyaneus are found in every skin infection common to this country, and ANTIPEOL OINTMENT contains the antibodies (antivirus) of these germs. Healing is expedited by the proved ingredients of the <;>intmeIl:t,. and development is stopped or prevented by Its sterile vaccine filtrates. ANTIPEOL OINTMENT IS unsurpassed for BURNS and SCALDS, for it is microbicide and nonadhesive, and dressings do not require to be changed every day.

RHINO-ANTIPEOL

affords rapid relief of COMMON COLDS, AND CATARRH. Containing the antibodies of the gerIJ?-s common to mfectlOns of nose and pharynx (Staphylococci, StreptO?OCCl, bacilli enterococci, M. catarrhalis, B.Pfe1ffer), Rhino-Antipeol IS not Just a palliative, but is a of. the of the infection. During epidemics it is the ideal preventive of mIcrobIC development.

,OPHTHALMO-ANTIPEOL

is a semi-fluid ointment, more convenient than the ordinary Antipeol ointment for ocular infections and lesions. Eyes affected by smoke and dl!lst are soothed almost immediately by the application of Ophthalmo-Antipeol, and the antivirus prevents germs from developing.

Clinical Samples on request from ME:DICO-BIO:LOGICAL LABORATORIES LTD.

t6e <9fficio.r 3'ourno.f of t6e in t6e OOritis6 (Reo.fm of (penero.Sfe of t6e i5osl'ito.f of 3'o6n of 3'eruso.rem

Edited by GEORGE E. CRAFT, F.R.S.A.

15. NO.7

EDITORIAL

Since the inauguration of the Red Cross and St. John Fund over twelve million pounds have been collected, but the expenditure of the Joint War Organisation is such that at the present time the unallocated balance of the main fund is under two hundred thousand. As expenditure is over one hundfed thousand per week, this margin is dangerously low.

Lord Tliffe, the chairman of the Appeal Committee, has made a special appeal to members to incr ease their efforts to help in building up a balance which would not be so alarmIngly slender as is the present one.

The War Organisation comprises eighteen departments conducted for the most part by experts in their own line. Every penny of its expenditure is scrutinised by a Finance Committee of men of the banking and business world of long and varied experience. Its work is more far-reaching and widespread than in the last Great War and the cost is proportionately greater. Expenses are increasing every day, and amount to over five million pounds a year.

The Prisoners of War Food and Comforts effort has cost over four and a half million pounds. It is the aim of War Organisation to supply each prisoner with a weekly food parcel weighing 10 lbs., and up to date it has sent something like the equivalent of seven millions of these parcels. It is at the present time sending 130,000 a 'week, of which number 70,000 are packed at its own centres in this country, and the balance hvo-thirds represent gifts from the Red Cross Societies of Canada, Australia and New Zealand.

This is, of course, but one of the important functions of the Joint War Organisation, and readers are well aware of others which do much to alleviate suffering not only among the Forces but among the general public when the enemy seem fit to bomb and fire our cities.

It is, therefore, up to everyone to do his or her best to increase the working capital of the War Organisation. Giving assistance is not enough; money must be obtained to enable the work to go on.

Death of Mrs. St. John Atkinson

We regret to announce the death of Mrs. St. John Atkinson, which -occurred on Sunday, July 5, at Eaton Bridge Cottage Hospital, after an illness of four Mrs. Atkinson was a Dame of the Order and Lady SuperintendentIn-Chief of the Brigade At-Home since July, 1939.

A full report of her work will be published in the August issue.

175

l'Iriorp in tbe l\talm of tbe '.I"! Yenerable <!E)rber of tbe of , Jobn of J!erusa.{em

His Majesty the K ing has been graciou sly pleased to sanction the following Promotions in, and Appointments to, Th e Venerable Order of the Hospita.l of St. Joh n of Je rusalem

For Promotion to the Grade of Knight

Colonel Sir Richard Arthur Needham, C.I.E., D .S .O. (from Commander).

Lieut.-Colonel William Chaloner, O.B.E., T.D. (from Commander).

For Admission in the Grade of Knight H.E General The Viscount Gort, V.C., G.C.B ., C.B.E., D.S.O., lVI.V.O., M.C., Governor of Malta.

For Admission in the Grade of Chaplain and Appointment as SubPrelate

The Rt. Rev. Douglas Henry Crick, Bishop of Chester.

For Promotion to the Grade of Commander (Brother)

Captain Frank Claridge (from Officer).

For Admission in the Grade of Associate Commander (Brother) .3 Bertram de Nully Cruger.

Richard Allen.

For Promotion to the Grade of Commander (Sister)

The Countess Fitzwilliam, O.B:E. (from Officer ).

For Admission in the Grade of Commander (S ister )

Ellis Christence Lady 'Whitmore.

For Promotion to the Grade of Officer (Brother)

Charles Cuthbert Harber Binns, M.B.

Charles Herbert Forster.

Lieut.-Colonel Charles Henry James, C.I.E., F.RC.S.

Alfred William Newton.

ThomasvVilliam James.

George Arthur Holt. (All from Serving Brother)

For Admission in the Grade of Officer (Brother)

Major Eskricke Sidney Phillips, D.S.O. Eric Lightfoot.

Arthur Morton Barford, M.D. , D.P.H., F.RF.P.S.

Major John William Young, O.B.E.

Arthur Chan trey Baker.

Edward James D eane

Major Ge.rald Francis Petvin Gibbons, O.B E ., lVI.B., M.RC.S.

John Richard Menzies Whigham, M.C., M.B., F.RC .S

Albert Biles.

Henry Dalton, C.B.E.

Henry George Fuller Archer.

Walter Phillips Kennedy, L.RC .P. & S.

For Promotion to the Grade of Associate Officer (Brother)

David Stitcher (from Associate Serving Brother)

176

For Admission in the Grade of Associate Officer (Brother)

Bowen McCoy. David J aques

For Promotion to the Grade of Officer (Sister)

Eli zabeth J ane, Mrs. Anderson.

Elizabeth Helen, Mrs. Wills.

Eliza, Mrs. Mitchell.

Dorothy Brace, lVIiss Faber. (All from Serving Sister)

For Admission in the Grade of Officer (Sister)

The Countess of Limerick , C.B.E. For Admission in the Grade of Serving Brother

Frederick Sarginson.

John Phillip Pendry.

Alfred Wolfe.

Walter Joel Foster.

William Fraser, lVI.B.

Captain Charles Fruin Cripps.

Herbert Hoodless.

Wallace John Field.

Joseph Henry Hill.

Richard Ball.

William King.

Francis Carroll.

Robert Dick, M.B.

Herbert Labrum.

Major George Archie Morant.

Reginald Ernest Franklin

Victor Gordon King.

Charles Sydney Cavell.

Ernest Harking.

Robert Pearce.

William Tixon.

John 'William Hooker.

Henry Roberts.

Alfred Barker.

Fred Brown.

William Latchford.

Harold Stott Rashick.

Edgar Palmer.

William Henry Laskey.

Thomas Coleman Cooper. James Painter.

John Cook.

George Sutcliffe.

Eric Howard

Frederick William Bishop.

William James Holah.

Victor George Turner.

John Henry Leonard Gibbes.

William Bain, lVI.B., M.R.C.S , L.RC.P.

Victor Dent.

Harry Rose.

Albert Gray.

William Fowkes.

Stuart Kingsley Poole, L.M.S.S.A.

Edward Cresswell.

George

Thomas Reay Midgley.

John William Collingwood.

Paul Butterworth Wood, M.B.

For Admission in the Grade of Serving Sister

Mary Jane Rose, Mrs. Jones.

Edith May, Mrs. Butler.

Frances Jean St. Lo, Miss Wilkinson.

Marian, Miss Richardson.

Edith May, Miss Tucker.

Irene Louisa, Miss Griffiths.

Mercy Burgess, Mrs. Hawkes.

PRIORY FOR WALES

For Promotion to the Grade of Knight

Sir Evan Williams, Bt. (from Commander).

Captain Richard James Isaac, L.RC.P. & S.Ed. (from Commander).

Thomas Edgar Smith (from Commander).

For Promotion to the Grade of Dame

Juliet Evangeline, Lady Rhys-Wlliiams, D.B.E. (from Commander).

For Promotion to the Grade of Commander (Sister)

Dulsie Editha, The Hon. Mrs. Alastair Cooper (from Officer).

Elizabeth, Mrs. Bickerton Edwards (from Officer).

For Promotion to the Grade of Officer (Brother)

Arden Henry Coppage.

Richard Hewer.

Joseph Jones, C.B.E.

Charles Mitchell Kitto.

Captain David George Richards.

George Frederick Tuckwell. (All from Serving Brother).

For Admission in the Grade of Officer (Brother) David Badham.

Captain Geoffrey Cartland Hugh Crawshay.

Admiral Sir Edmund Percy Fenwick

George Grant, K.C.V.O., C.B.

David Griffiths.

Henry Gethin Lewis.

Geoffrey Summers.

For Promotion to the Grade of Officer (Sister)

Eira Winifred, Mrs. Evans-Bevan. Ellen Christabel, Mrs. Gilbertson.

Mary, Mrs. Ingledew.

Mabel Mary, Miss Kernick.

Hannah Barclay, Mrs. Llewellyn. Gwladys Mary Charlotte, Miss

Eva Rosalie Ceinwen, Mrs. MOITlsThomas.

(All from Serving Sister).

For Admission in the Grade of Officer (Sister)

The Lady Kenyon. .. For Admission in the Grade of Serving Brother

Thomas Andrews.

Edward Patrick Coyne, M.B.

David Davies. Isaac Davies. Richard Davies.

Major Rupert Basil Evans.

Samuel Hodges.

Charles Rbbert Hollyoake

Alfred George Hu ghes.

David John Jones

Ellis Jones.

Thomas John J ones.

George Henry Parmee.

Thomas John Raines.

Griffith William Roberts.

Charles Harold Shenton.

William John Skyrme.

Frank Thomas.

Arthur Thomas Winborn.

John Wooding. For Admission in the Grade of Serving Sister Mary, Mrs. Hughes.

Catherine Jane, Mrs. Rees.

(List of Oversea Promotion s and Admissions will be next month.)

ON ACTIVE SERVICE

We regret to announce the death of Pte D. O Bonnett, of the Sevenoaks Division , S.J .A. B., whilst on active service in the Middle East.

The Admiralty regrets to report that S. B. A. William Dixon, RN.S.B.R, previously reporte d wounded, has since died.

The Commissioner, No.1 District S.J.A.B., has been advised that Pte. E. H Catch, of the Haggerston Division, is a prisoner of war.

Private E. T. Webb of the No. 82 (Mitcham) Divisi on , died of wounds on May 31st, Whilst serving as an air-gunner with the RA.F.

Gunner E. Glenister of the 82/9 L.P.T.B. Met. Line Corp's, has been reported missing in Lybia.

Also that Private Stanley Robinson , a member of the M.H.R, has been killed in Li bya while serving with the RA.M.C.

PHYSIOLOGY IN FIRST AID

By M. M. Scott, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P.

(Member 'Of the Textbook Revision Committee and Divisional ' Surgeon, S.J.A.B.)

THE CIRCULATION OF THE BLOOD

(Continued from page 152, June, 1942, issue)

The Pulse.-This is the result of the sudden distension of the arteries during Systole. I t is best elicited over the radial artery, which is both superficial and accessible. Its, rate will depend upon the timing of the cardiac cycle, and the following points should be noted when it is taken :-

(1) The Rate, which directly indicates ' the Cardiac rate.

(2) The Rhythm Normally the beat should be regular, but in certain diseases (usually of the heart muscle) ·irregularity will be observed \

(3) The Strength, which gives an indication of the blood output.

(4) The Tension, which is the pressure necessary to stop the pulse and which depends upon the" Blood Pressure."

Capillary Circulation.-The capillary network is so extensive that the remains of the pumping force of the heart becomes obliterated, thus the capillaries do not .plJ.lsate, the pressure within them is constant and low, and the peripheral resistance negligible. It has also been observed that they contract while at rest, or while under the influence of cold, while exercise and heat have .precisely the opposite effect. Moreover, in Shock the capillaries become enormously 1 dHated, especially those of the internal organs. This leads to their being filled by a considerable drainage of blood from the other blood vessels, with a consequent fall of general blood-pressure and failure of circulation.

The extreme thinness of the capillaries allows the transudation of " Lymph" or the" Tissue Fluid," by means of which the interchange of the various chemical substances is effected between the blood and the body tissues. After serving its purpose, most of the tissue fluid returns to the capillaries, the remainder being / collected by the lymphatic vessels, and so

passed to the thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct, ultimately to re -enter the blood stream (These will be discussed in a later article.)

Venous , Circulation.-The venous flow of blood is continuous and does n ot depend upon the variations of the pulse. The pressure is low, and decreases towards the heart, the great veins entering the heart being affected by the negative intrathoracic pressure (as previously mentioned). The blood is thus assisted back to the heart from the capillaries chiefly by the suction effect of the negative intrathoracic pressure, and by the action of the muscles which tend to " milk" t4e blood along the veins in the central direction.

PRA C TICAL CONSIDERATIONS

Natural Arrest of Hcemorrhage.- It is now possible to understand the factors which contribute to the natural arrest of hcemorrhage.

178

Primarily there is the coagulation of blood in the severed ends of the blood vessels The clot so formed "organises" and becomes converted into scar tissue which permanently seals the opening. This process is assisted by the general fall of blood and. by the curling up of the inner coat of the arteries or by the collapse of the vems These latter factors decrease the lumen of the opening, there]:::>y facilitating the formation of the blood clot.

Varieties of AlJiterial H cemorrhage -'-Arterial h cemorrhage may be encountered in one of three forms, viz., Primary, Reactionary and Secondary.

Primary hcemorrhage occurs immediately as a result of the artery being severed or punctured, so that the blood escapes from it.

Reactionary hcemorrhage usually occurs within twenty-four hours of an operation or accident as a result of a " ligature " slipping, or the healing blood clot beco ming dislodged. In this connection, it is important for the first-aider to remember that the blood pressure increases as shock wears off, and that excitement or the faulty use of stimulants are therefore additional contributory dangero us factors.

Secondary hcemorrhage is applied to all forms of hcemorrhage occurring after twenty-fo ur hours. The essential cause of this is infection of the wound, as a cons equence of which not only may operation "ligatures" be cast off, but softening of the coats of the blood vessels results, so that they may break down under the strain of the blood press ure, and the bloods escapes. (Secondary hcemorrhage from veins also may occur as a result of infection. but it is extremely uncommon.) (To be continued).

Obituary

We regret to announce the death of Pte. Geor ge Frederick Hartley, of the Wythenshawe and Northenden Ambulance Division, which occurred on June 6. He had been an active member of the Division since its inception in 1936 and will be greatly missed by his colleagues.

Also Amb. Sister Louie Parry, who passed away on Whit-Monday, in her 75th year. Sbe had been a l oyal supporter of the St, John Movement for 25 years and was a valuable; member of the Hove Nursing Division.

POLICE AMBULANCE NEWS

METROPOLITAN

The (t C " Division held a competition on June 4, when 15 teams presented themselves before District Staff Officer T. E. Walsby (No.1 District, S.J,A.B.), who set and judged the team test. Teams we re composed of Regular, vVar Reserve , Special Constables and Women Police, and after a tie the Women Police team were plac'ed first, C.D. (t A " being second. As a further test to select the winning team the captains of the tieing teams re set a one minute individual test in which both had to :find the errors made in the actual treatment of a fractured rib. Such mistakes included the use of narrow bandages, no overlapping of b a ndages, use of small arm-sling, knots tied in wrong positions, etc.

No.3 D is trict, Metropol i tan Police -The final fo r the" Dalton " First Aid Trophy was held on Jun e 26, when seven team s (2 Regular, 2 War Reserve 2 Specials and one Women), winners of preliminary rounds, competed before Capt. '1\7. Good ley (team), Dr. E. S. Abraham and Asst. Com. S. J. Warren (individual) of me S ,lA.B No. 1 District.

After a very interesting contest" G " Division, with 355t marks out of 410 , werE? decl ared the winners for the second year in succession, "J" Division were second and the Women Police third.

Sir Philip Game, Commissioner of Police, presented the prizes as follows:" Dalton" Trophy, donated by District Asst. Com. H. Dalton, medals pr esented by Asst. Com, Sir George Abbiss, and individual prizes given by Chief Constable D. Martin" to " G" Division; individual prizes presented by Commandants Bright, Castle, and Daws to " J " Division; and individual prizes to the "\iVomen Police. In addition the, three Commandants presented special prizes to th e best Special Constabulary team> which was" G " Division, who obtained fourth place. _ Com. Dalton extended thanks to all th ose who had assisted in making the competItIon a success.

AJ?ong the many officers and visitors present wer e Deputy Commissioner Sir Ma.u nce Drummond, Asst. Commissioner Sir Geor g e Abbi s, and Major V. B. Rogers • ChIef Staff Officer, Metropolitan Special Con stabulary.

.' CIVIL' DEFENCE SERVICES

By W. C. Bentall, D.B.E., F.R.C.S., F.R.G.S.

DECONTAMINATION OF GASSED CLOTHING

One of the most difficult procedures in the event of gas being used has been exact treatment and handling of casualties' clothing which has been ' gassed. Teaching and advice in exact detail has never been clearly given until quite recently. Therefore in this article I am giving the precise outline of the proc.edure which is now being practised in many parts of the country.

GASSED CLOTHING

1. Collection and Identification. ' 4. Weathering.

2. Dumps for Receipt. 5. Return to owners.

3. Laundries for Cleansing. 6. Valuables.

1. Collection and Identification

(a) From streets

(b) From First Aid Posts

(c) From Cleansing Stations

(d) From A.R.P. Depots of various Services

l Porous Clothing (The clothing worn by the public .) Protective Clothing (The clothing worn by those On J duty).

(a) From the streets.-Wardens will report on Form ARP M.l to ' the Control or Report Centre when contaminated clothing has been discarded by the public in the streets. On receipt of this information, the Decontamination Officer will arrange for the collection of this clothing A sanitary vehicle is very suitable' for this purpose. Wardens will be notified at their post of the approximate times at which to expect the collectors. When collecting clothing from streets, the collectors will take with them a supply of bags, tallies, strings or safety pins, and a supply of forms indicating street, number or name of house, tally number, number of articles, and remarks. This is necessary for safe return of clothing when decontaminated.

Each bundle of clothing will be marked by civilian public recruited and trained for that purpose. They will be familiarised with the safety-pin method, or the bag system, or the tying into a bundle method. Where streets have been decontaminated prior to the collection of clothing, a supply of bleach powder should be carried the lorry and spread by the collector or warden on the patches of ground on which the clothing has been deposited.

(b) From the First Aid Posts.-All plans are well practised with the personnel of these posts, and collecting of patient's clothing arranged for the Local Authorities . .

(c) From the Cleansing Stations.-The same as (b) above.

(d) From the A .R.P. Depots of the Services, e.g., First Aid Parties, Rescu e Parties, Decontamination Squads, etc. The same as (b) above.

2. Dumps

All the above clothing so c?llected will by the Local Authority vans to a fixed Dump, and to this also the MilItary ill some areas will send their clothing by arrangement, for. granting. which facility in certain areas Military will be loaned to our laundnes to aSSIst the employees there.

(a) These contaminated clothing dumps are pre-selected places such as a recreation ground or part of a park or common which will be railed off and constructed temporarily for this special purpose. Such dumps will b e in charge of the Dump Supervisor, who will receive his instructions as t o opening the dump from tb,e Deco?-tamination Officer. No persons except the dump personnel, and no vehIcles, must be allowed inside the danger area of this dump.

(b) On arrival at the dump, contaminated clothing will be put int<;> heaps on thy ground according to a practised plan.

(c) Certain dumps may receive Service and civilian porous clothing, whilst otbers may receive civilian clothing only.

(d) Military clothing will be received at" dump ill gasproof paper sacks. Civilian clothing will be received in bags or bundles as arranged under " Collection" in paragraph 1.

(e) Contaminated clothing should be kept in the open Sacks or bags Will not be opened until the contents are to be prepared for

(f) The classification will be under eleven headings, greasy clothing, lIght woollens and silks, light cottons, dark cottons, dark woollens and silks, leather, gum-boots, mackintoshes, respirators, oil-skins, helmets, and it may be necessary to have another classification for goods so badly gassed that they can only be destroyed. . .

Personnel are already being regularly practised in many places for this All such personnel will be in protective clothing, and it is considered t?at, norm al weather conditions, dump personnel should be to work ill. shifts qf two hours on and two hours off. When handling contamillated clothing, they are taught to practise care so that each article is lifted in a bundle, and these bun dles are held away from the person and placed in appr.opriate pen .or heap without allowing it to even touch their own prote ctIve clot)1mg. A speCIal record would be kept of all civilian clothing which needs to be .destroye.d. appropriate notification, vans are sent to collect these arb.cles ill spec ially numbered bins, .and are then conveyed to the laundnes which aTe prepared to handle these goods.

When operations are finally completed at the dump, the place must be made safe under the dir ec tion of the Civil Gas Identifi ca ti on Officer.

The other four sections will be dealt with in our next issue.

tEbe 31 ohn ambulance

MALTA.-As announced in the March, 1942 , issue, Lady Corps Supt. Miss Ethel Yabsley was kill ed by enemy action. Since then, the C?ief Commissioner has received a l etter sent by her before her death, extracts whIch are as follo:",s : ". we are not very wonderful you know, and I think in our hearts we .are at the fuss made about us in Malta. ' All the praise is due to the splendid arrmen we have here We are very busy 'with l ectures and examinatio?-s and at moment " end of the year forms ." All our nur ses are working very theIr of discipline is excellent and they are wcnderfully self-controlled; this. shows as much during raids. Ther e has not been a single case of a l ea,;;ng her patient even when bombs fl.re fallin g. We are proud of them and theIr work.

Since that letter arrived another letter has been receIved from the Island by the Lady Superintendent-in-Chief. In this the writer gives further par,ticulars of Miss Yabsley 's death and the work done by the St. J ohn nurses, extracts belllg

"Miss Yabsley died from the effects of a bomb which fell on her house ; actually hit her dinin g-room which was full of St. John records. She was standlllg at the front door watching, as she had watched so many blitzes. She never went to a shelter; she had no fear. Her fun eral was attend ed by Maltese and English St. John nurses ; they stood lining the pathway to her grave. An air raid a larm sounded and the barrage opened up overhead, but as the bombers came not a girl move?

"Miss Yabsley died when the German attacks began to get YIolent; so many heavy raids have taken place since that I feel something sho uld be saId about these volunteer nurses. I know how proud Miss Yabsley would be feeling about them . . .

" The girls I know about most are members of the V.A.D. About.45 are mobilised and nursing in the big Service HospitaL Nearly all are Maltese grrls; some have nursed there since 1939.

" There is an aerodrome very close to this hospital, and during .heavy ai! and even when the hospital has been hit, Matron tells me these guls remalll qUIetl y beside their patients. Until recently they had no shelter, now a: has been cut and they can sleep in it if they wish. Constant day and rught bomblllg makes everyone value their snatches l of sleep. .

"In the bedroom of one V.A.D I noticed a large bundle of matenal; she explamed that when off duty they were working to make clothes for

"We want more girls , and they come forward; and after gettmg theIr FIrst Aid and Home Nursing certificates join the hospital staff as mobiles.

_ are other St. John sisters who have joined as Immobile V.A.D.'s and help theIr Of these the greater.part are married English women. They have given, and are gIVIng, several hours dally to help to do dressings at the various Aid . Posts @n the I sland; their work is unpaid.

" I think who work in th: dockyard should be mentioned first; often getting to p.;nd fr?m work has been dIfficult and dangerous. Others at advanced dressing stations In vanous f?rts have also had their share of the war in Malta. Often they the troops' SIck parade and nothing serious occurs, but sometimes casualtie s come In after a raid.

" Not on.e nurse ltas failed to go on duty, none complain, although lack of transport makes walking to work a necessity in nearly all cases.

" They' enjoy seeing tJ::e papers from England and very much admire pictures of Lady LOUIS Mountbattep. In St. John uniform.

Our uniform materials are finished; we long for more ....

'« I will now by saying that in spite of the very heavy bombing and the raids WhICh come WIth clockwork regularity, the fact remains that the spirit of everyone is very high indeed."

S uch is the St. John spirit of our members overseas. Is it any wonder that their colleagues At-Home are very proud of them?

BIRTHDAY HONOURS

Among the Honours bestowed by his Majesty the King were the following members of the Order, the Association and the Brigqde :K.G.

The Marquess of Zetland, G.C.S.I., G.C.I.E., P.C. P.C.

George Henry Hall, M.P.

C.B.

Colonel Sir George Fossett Roberts, O.B.E., T.D. KT. BACHELOR

'Major Arthur Cecil Abrahams.

Sir Gerald Campbell, K.C.M.G.

G.C.M.G.

K.C.M.G.

John Adams Hunter, C.M.G. (Governor of British HQnduras).

C.M.G.

Victor William Tighe McGusty, O.B.E., M.B., Asst. Commissioner, Brigade Overseas, Fiji.

K.C.V.O.

Colonel Sir Alfred Edward Webb-Johnson, C.B.E., D.S.O., T.D., M.B. , F.R.C.S.

O.B.E.

Henry Joseph O'Donnell Burke-Gaffney, M.D., District Surgeon, Brigade Overseas, Tanganyika.

Major Tucker Deatker, I.M.S., District Supt., Brigade Overseas , No.3 Dlstnct, India.

Ernest Astbury.

Charles George BQx, Chairman, Great Yarmouth Centre, S.J.A.A.

The Countess of Courtown.

Maj-or (Temp. Lt.-Col.) Charles Jam es George Dalton.

Walter Scott-Evans, Hon. Secretary, Bucks County Centre, S.J.A .A.

M.B.E.

Lt.-Colonel Karuna Kumar Chatterji, F.R.C.S.I., District Supt., Brigade Overseas, No.2 District, India.

Thomas Coleman-Cooper, Sutp., Penzance Division, S.J.A.A.

Frederick Charles Wilson.

C.I.E.

A. E. Bion, Acting Asst. Commissioner, Brigade Overseas, No. 9 District, India.

KAISER-I-HIND GOLD MEDAL (Dr.) Miss Hilda Mary Lazarus.

182

Utbt 61'. J obn Jirtgabe at=bome

HEADQUARTER NOTES

Commissioners' Conference .-This was held on June 26, when the Chief Commissioner welcomed delegates from nearly all the counties, also Sir Joseph Byrne (Director of Ambulance)' , Brigadier Barne (Secretary of the Order), and members of his staff.

In his address of welcome Sir John Duncan said how pleased he was to see so many present. He had been diffident at calling the conference but result had justified his action. The war had caused many new problems, each of which had to be met as it arose He emphasised the fact that there had been a great increase in women personnel. In pre-war days the ratio between women and male members was 1 to 3 men; now it was 1 to 11 men. More responsibility must be given to them if the best was to be got out of them. Sir John referred to the re grettable absence of Mrs. St. John Atkinson (Lady Superintendent-in-Chief) and a message to her from the con- . fe rence was sent expressing good wishes for a speedy recovery to health He expressed his thanks to Lady Louis Mountbatten who had stepped into ' the breach during Mrs Atkinson's enforced absence. Stress was laid on the importance of Cadets, and Sir John referred to the fact that a Chief Officer for Girl Cadets (Lady DunbarNas mith) and a Chief Officer for Boy Cadets (Lieut.-Colonel MccGwire) had been ap pointed. The Chief Commissioner paid tribute to the work done by members during enemy air raids, and requested that reports of individual merit be sent to him by the co mmissioners.

Owing to the shortage of surgeons it had been arranged between Dame Beryl Oliver and himself that surgeons of one organisation could work with the other, and vice versa. He had decided that except for ceremonial parades gl oves need not be worn and that nurses may carry handbags with the same exception.

Many items were discussed, includin g the " Penny-a-week" and "House-toHouse" Collections; proposed new bad ges of rank; omission of " Lady" from the titles of Superintendents and other officers of nursin g units; the institution of Nursirig Co rps (where necessary) under their own officers but under one male officer for Public Duties; the adoption of a " St . John" Flash to be worn on the uniform; the g rantin g of " Instructors' Ce rtificates" to those who undertake the short lecture course; and many other items affecting the Brigade as a whole.

The action taken by the Order and the B.R.C.S . on the scheme of embodying the V.A.D.'s into the A.T.S. was given and the question of petrol supplies gone into. Cooperation with the Home Guard was another matter on which the Chief Commissioner spoke.H.R.H. the Duchess of Gloucester visited the St. John ursing Headquarters , temporarily at 3 , Belg rave Square, where she was received by Lady Louis Mountbatten, Deputy Lady Superintendent-in-Chief. After showing great interest in all departments Her Royal Highness graciously accepted a copy of Mr Fincham's" History of the Order" presented by Nursin g Cadet May Edwards, of Grays.

Stores.-The Stores Department have a limited number of officer black D / T cashmere mackintosh coats at £3 3s. (16 coupons) each. Stock sizes only-34, 36, 38, 40 , 42 and 44 chest measurement. Applications to be made to Willey Park, Broseley, S hropshire.

No.1 (PRINCE OF WALES'S) DISTRICT

EASTERN AREA.-On Saturday, June 27, the Eastern Area held an inspection at !lford. A most e;xcellent turn-out was made by members , there being nearly 1,200 on parade, comprising men, nurses, boy and girl cadets.

Asst. Com. Capt. F. E Bendix was in command, being assisted by his area staff. The inspecting officer was Capt. W. Goodley, the District Commissioner, and he was accompanied by the Mayor of Ilfotd (Councillor Braithwaite), Ald. Farman (Deputy Mayor) and Ald. Wett, and Lady District Supt. Miss Walker.

After the inspection and the march past Capt. Goodley addressed the parade. He first gave a message from the Mayor of Ilford, who wished to express on his behalf and on behalf of the Borough thanks to all members of the Brigade for their assistance in Civil Defence work. The Commissioner was gratified to see so many on parade a nd he congratulated Capt. Bendix, the officers and members on their smart turn-out. He was yery proud of them. He thanked them for their self-sacrifice since the beginning ?f. the war. To the Cadets the Commissioner had a special word of praise; they had ]omed an organisation of " Service for others."

BATTERSEA. -Congratulations to ex-Supt. W. E. Packham and Mrs. Packham, who recently celebrated their '60th year of married life. For over 30 years Mr. Packham was a member of the Bri gCl;de, and on retiring on reaching the age limit he was promoted to Officer (Brother) of the Order. Mr. Packham is now in his 85th year and Mrs. Packham in her 87th.

HORNSEY.-Durirrg May the annual re-examinations were held. At the inVitation of the Matron of the Homsey Central Hospital, Miss Muriel Gill, competitions in Home Nursing and First Aid took place. Miss · Gill judged the former and Div. Surgeon Margaret Trotter the latter. Lady District ' Supt. Miss A. M. Walker judged the uniforms. Those present included Lady District ,Officer Miss K. A. Cleasby (late superintendent of the Division), Corps Supt. A. E. Wells, Lady Nursing Officer Mrs. Townsend. Lady Amb. Officers Miss Hurrell, Mrs. Docwra and Mrs. Platt were in charge of ,the Division. A/S Stressing and A/S Barclay won the first aid event and received cards of saving stamps from Dr. Trotter; whilst A/S Barclay and A/S Jennings received froUl Miss Gill a thermometer and pRIse-timer as winners of the Home Nursing.

On May 14th, Lady District Officer Mrs. Rayner, inspected the Division, together with members of the 136 (Highbury) Nursing Division under Lady Amb. Officer Miss Lucken. 'Cadets attached to the Division, under Lady Cadet Officer Miss K. Birkett and Miss K. Stranger, were inspected by Lady District Cadet Officer Miss K. Cleasby for the first time, both Divisions having been formed this year.

No.2 DISTRICT

BUCKINGHAMSHIRE.-The annual County report shows that during 1941 there was an increase of 8 adult and 6 Cadet units (with 7 units in process of formation), with an increase in personnel of 287, the total number, all ranks, being 2,212. First aid was rendered to 8,969 persons; 373 men 'are serving with H.M. Forces, 674 enrolled in Civil Defence and 211 undertaking service with Motor Ambulances Women enrolled in Civil Defence Services numbered 371, with"44 in the Civil Nursing Reserve and 5 serving as V.A.D.'s. Eighty-one were doing part-time service in Civil Hospitals and Clinics, and 143 undertaking duties with Motor Ambulances.

Anti-gas instruction continued to be given to the Brigade personnel and to the public. There are 26 motor ambulances in the county, of which 23 are staffed by local Clivisions. During the year 8,067 cases were conveyed with a mileage of 155,706.

The Cadet personnel increased by 88; 17 Cadets have attained the high honour of becoming Grand Prior Cadets. Mrs. H. K. Scott, late Lady County Supt., has presented a cup for competition among Girl Cadet Units after the war.

In concluding his report Major P. G. Darvil-Smith (County Commissioner) expresses thanks to the County President (Lord Cottesloe) for his keen and active interest; to Lady CQunty President (Lady Chetwode) and to the Lady County Vice-President (The Viscountess Dawson of Penn), both of whom are engaged in the work of the " Brigade and Joint War Organisation. The assistance rendered by the County Staff and the loyalty and efficient service given by all members is also acknowledged No.3 (EASTERN) DISTRICT

LEI CESTER.-The first annual individual competition was held recently to commemorate the fifth birthday of the Leicester Jubilee Nursing Division. Lady Corps Supt . . Miss, F. E. Allen, who rai se d the Division during Jubilee year , presented the trophy, a silver vase , and the initial winner for the next 12 months was Amb Sister Miss V. Haynes, who also received a personal book prize . Second and third places were occupied by Amb. Sisters Miss 1. (Prince of Wales's District, attached to the Jubilee Division) and Miss Lee respectively. The judges were Corps Surgeon L. Duncan Porteous (first aid), Nursing Officer Miss H. Denshan, S.R.N., H.V . (home nursing), and Lady Corps Supt. Miss Allen (uniforms).

Lady Supt. Miss H . E. Rich, S.R.N., H.V., thanked the donor and judges for their assistance.

The B.U.S.M. Co. Division held a field day and Divisional Inspection on Sunday, June 21, the latter being carried out by Corps Officer J . Farmer and Mr. B. P. Cooper, President of the Division.

Vice-president badges were handed to Mr. F. Dalby and Corps Officer F . Smith and warrants to Hon . Sergeant Manschott (secretary), Pte. W. H. Palmer (treasurer), and Pte. K. Elmore (storekeeper)

Corps Officer !5m,ith judged the teams; that led by CorpI. O.;Neill being placed first. First aid, gas practice and sports figured in the day's event.

Supt. J. M. Jones and the Divisional Committee were congratulated on arranging such an excellent programme. .

No.4 (LANCASHIRE) DISTRICT

CLEVELEys.-At the annual presentation of awards to members of the Cleveleys Nursing Division 22 medallions, 12 labels and nursing pendants were presented by Asst. Com. W. H. Gastall. Home nursing and first aid certificates were also presented to 24 candidates by Councillor M. Quayle, President of the Blackpool South Shore Nursing Division. Dr. A. H. Peniston, M.O.H., of Cleveleys, was among those present. At County Civil Defence practices members of the Division take part. No.8 (DUKE OF CONNADGHT'S) DISTRICT

CHERTsEY.-Fifteen members of the Chertsey Division attended an examination 184

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of the Royal Life Saving Society and all members succeeded in passing the artificial respiration tests of the Society. The examiner expressed satisfaction at the high standard of efficiency shown and in the theory of respiration and circulation. CorpI. J. Thomas acted as instructor and it is due to his efficient coaching that all members passed.

DEAL.-The first annual report of the Deal Corps, which was formed in September, 1939, shows that in spite of the fact that both Cadet Divisions were disbanded owing to evacuations the numerical strength has been well maintained. Public duties have been performed where possible; whilst the ambulances have been active and continue to give every satisfaction. During the year 414 cases were removed, with a mileage of 6,345.

All members are serving either in Civil Defence Services in one department or the other. A Cadet Division for Boys and one for Girls is now in being with a total personnel of 70.

HovE.-A benefit concert was given to the Hov'e Nursing Division by the kindness of Miss Ethel Onslow and her merry helpers. Lady Buxton and Lady County Supt. Miss Hubbarci were present. The Countess of Bessborough wrote regretting her inability to attend but kindly sent a donation.

BRIGHTON.-Asst. County Commissioner W. J. B. Trotter, accompanied by the Countess of Bessborough (Lady County President), Lady County Supt. Miss D. 1. Hib bard, inspected the Brighton Corps on June 14 The parade was under the command of Corps Surgeon and Supt. F. H. Stuttaford, assisted by Corps Officers H J Grace, J. H. R. Williams and R. G. Winder (secretary). A feature of the inspection was an air raid incident stag ed after the March Past Emergency first aid was rendered by representatives from each Division and casualties removed to an emergency F.A. Post manned by nurses '-

The Assistant Commissioner congratulated the Corps on their smart appearance . Lady Bessborough expressed her pleasure at the keenness of the Cadet Divisions and hoped there would be an increase in number. She conveyed to them the best wishes of Lady Moyra Ponsonby, former County Cadet Officer.

Among those present who witnessed the inspectiob. was the Chief Constable (Capt. W. J. Hutchinson), Florence Lady Baddeley, Ald. Miss Margaret Hardy, Miss D. M. Gore-Browne (Deputy President, B.R.C.S.), and Dr. Taylor (Medical Officer for Civil Defence).

No.9 DISTRICT

CAMBORNE.-Countv Com. W. Blackwood carried out the annual examination of the Camp orne Division; and Supt. J. J ory is pleased to report that membership shows a considerable increase.

Among recent promotions were the following :-T . H . Williams, Ambulance Officer; H. E. Luke, Transport Officer; W. Reed, Sergeant; N. C. Fine, J. Menhennett and W. Inch, Corporals; W. Toy, Transport Corporal; H. S. Tremelling, Cadet Superintendent. In recognition of 22 years' efficient service N. Harris has been honoured with the rank of Staff Sergeant.

No. 10 DISTRICT

HARLow.-In a competition held at Bishop Auckland the Harlow Nursing Division won the" Dames" Cup Competition (Eastern Area), a team test for nursing personnel in areas in Hertfordshire. The" Evans" Cup for the best individual nurse was won by A/S Doris White, of the Harlow Division

«abet

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Medicinal Plants.-The collection of medicinal plants is being org anised on very wide lines. County Herb Committees have been set up in 45 counties to arrange collection, drying and dispatch to the manufacturers. The Board of Educati o n has asked all schools and youth organisations to help.

This is something every Cadet c an do' to help the war effort. Among the wild herbs used in the manufacture of drugs are: Buckthorn, red poppy petals, elder flowers, comfrey, coltsfoot, horse radish, hyssop, hemlock, henbane, foxglove, dandelions and stinging nettles. Before starting on a collection, arrangements must be made with the local committees for dryin g and dispatching; much effort has been lost throu g h neglect of this warning. If you do not know the address of the local committee, apply to your Town Hall, Council offices, or the like, and the officials there will help you. Badges.-The Chief Commissioner has given permission for a Musician's Badge to be worn by Girl as well as Boy Cadets in possession of a certificate of the Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music. This will not count towards a Proficiency Badge. Harlow.-There are now 55 Girl Cadets and over 30 Boy Cadets in the Harlow Divisions.

(Continued on page 190).

186

Essential knowledge to treat suc-eessfuUy ALL possible injuries

THE HOUSEHOLD PHYSICIAN

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187

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Headquarters: Priory House, 4, Cathedral Road, Cardiff

ANNUAL CHAPTER MEETING

The Earl of Plymouth, P.C., Sub-Prior of the Priory for Wales, Order of St. John, presided at the annual meeting of the Chapter held in the Council Chamber, City Hall, Cardiff, on Wednesday, June 24.

Chapter members had previously attended, by invitation of Canon J. A. Lewis, the Service of Commemoration in connection with the Patronal Festival of St. John Baptist Church, Cardiff, where an inspiring address was gi'C"en by the Lord Bishop of St. Asaph, Sub-Prelate of the Order and a Chaplain for the Priory for Wales, a collection being taken for H.R.H. the Duke of Gloucester's Red Cross and St. John Fund.

In addressing Chapter Lord Plymouth said it spoke well for the vitality of the Venerable 01'der of St. J olm that it had adopted itself to modern demands without any break in continuity or dislocation of the administrative machinery devised to meet J; responsibilities in the British Realm. I t was of special interest to the first Priory to be established under Royal Chartet: that the past year had witnessed the advancement of the Commamdery in South Africa to the status of a Priory; and the $tates of Australia-excluding Western Australia- ·had eleGted to federp.te by the establishment of a Commandery for the more effective prosecution of the Ambulance Movement.

Bqth developments formed part of a settled policy to co-ordinate an Empire-wide programme within the British Commonwealth of Nations. The series of inspections conducted separately by the Chief Commissioner and Lady Superintendent of the Brigad@ Overseas in recent years had been productive of the most beneficial results , n ot merely in strengthening the bonds of the Empire but in furtherance of the present war effort.

<

The appointment of Mr O. Temple Morris, K.C., as Honorary Counsel was confirmed on the proposition of Mr. Theodore Gibbins, seconded by Sir William Cope - Sir Robert Webber, as Assistant Almoner, rendered a report on the 96 Medical Comforts pepots operating uiider the Priory, from which 10,794 articles of invalid equipment and sick room comforts were issued on loan during 1941.

The ado.ption of the balance sheet and revenue account for 1941 was proposed by Major A. W. AIiderson, M.B ., Ch.B. , who read the report of the Treasurer in the ab sence of Mr. D. M. Evans-Bevan, the motion being seconded by Ald erman G. F. Evans , J .P.

Presenting a report as Director of Ambulance , Dr. D. Rocyn Jones, C .B.E. , summarised the activities of the Association Department, which had arranged instruction during 1941 in First Aid and Home Nursing for 26,682 students, of who m 22 ,995 qualified for awards. The membership of the St. John Ambulanc e Brig ad e in Wales had increased by 4,684 during 2t years of w ar to a total of 17,478 at the end of last year. Civil Defence duties were being carried out by 3 ,543 male and 1,614 nursin g members, while 758 bf the nursing personnel had enroll e d in th e Civil Nursin g Res erve. The treatment of 64 ,619 cases of accident and sickness by Brigade m emb ers was ::iecorded in 1941.

Mr. Oliver Harris reported, in the absence of the Director of Transport, Mr. James Griffiths, M.P., that the Priory's service of 25 ambulances a't 22 stations had dealt with the removal of 19 ,055 cases during the past year , bringing the total number of cases carried to 204,000 since the inception of the Service. _

Mr. E. D. Jones presented the report of the Registrar , in the absence of Mr E L. Hann. I'

The Principal Secretary (the Hon J ohn H. Bruce) expressed the h o pe that the position reflected in the reports woufd be considered satisfactory. While maintaining the ordinary work of peacetime the Priory was shouldering wartime responsibilities , and from the outset of hostilities its personnel had been rendering service in the Civil Defence, the Civil Nursing Reserve and other bodies He referred to the contribution which the officers and the Priory were making to the Joint Red Cross and St John Committee in every county. -

Mr. Ten;tple Morris proposed a hearty and sincere vote of thanks to Lord Plymouth for presiding He took th e opportunity of saying he was deli ghted to have been app(!)inted Honorary Counsel and thus a member of the Priory Chapter. Dr R. D. Thomas had great pleasure, as an active member having 50 years' connection with the Order Qf St. John, of seconding the vote of thanks.

Prayers were read at the opening and closing of Chapter by the officiating Chaplain the Right Reverend the Lord Bishop of St. Asaph.

The attendance included the following, in addition to those named above :-Sir ]@hn W. BeyJilQn, Bart., C.B.E., J.P., D.L., Capt. T . E. Richards, J.P., Mr. Norman 188

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CENTRE REPORTS

CAERNARVONSHIRE CENTRE. - The report received from this Centre states that at end of December , 1941, there were 12 Ambulance and one Nursin g Divisi o n and three Cadet Units. The personnel at the end of the year was 445, a decline on th e previous year , due to the fact that many meD;lbers have left the districts to w o rk of national importance and to join H.M. FOFces. are 18 ambulance classes- an increase of two. Of the new classes , menti o n should be made of Llandudno, where over 300 attended a course of first aid instruction , mostly members of the Civil Service who are now residing there A very successful class was held also at Bang or, where the A R.P. Wardens, through the influence o f Corps Officer Wm Pritchard, sat for the examinatio n Members of the Brigade rendered valuable services in both places in assisting in the practical instruction of th e members.

A new Cadet Unit has been f ormed at Llandudn o Juncti on und er the c o mma nd of Div. Supt. E G. Verrall ; and it is hoped that Cadet Units will be formed in the n e ar future at Caernarvon and at Mynytho in the Lleyn peninsular.

Members of the Brigade rendered valuable public services durin g the past y ear o n over 5,000 occasions, nearly 2 ,000 cases of injuries and illness were attend e d and cl ose on 200 cases removed by motor ambulances , coverin g a di stance of o ver 4 , 000 mil es .

The A .R.P. Officer reports that whereas prior to the war , and during its early day s, they were mainly concerned with the trainin g of Brigade personnel; n o w th ey cl a im e d the fruits of that training , as Brigade personnel all over the county are staffin g First Aid Posts, First Aid Depots, etc ., and trainin g the personnel of oth er Services in First Aid. Thanks are due to the members of the Bangor No.1 Division, wh o act e d as instructors to a number of courses arran g ed by the Bri gade for First Aid Parties, Wardens and others

BOROUGH OF MERTHYR TYDFIL CENTRE. - Major Hon. Oscar Gu est, M.P., and Mrs. Guest inspected the Nursin g and Cadet Divisions of the Dowlais Co rps on June 20. Major Guest was accompanied by Capt. W. J . Canton, D .L., LL.B . (County Commissioner) and Mrs. Canton (Lady Centre President), and th e parade was under th e command of Corps Supt J. Wooding. Addres sing the parade, Maj or Gu est paid a high tribute to the work of the Order, and said that the R ed Cro ss and St J ohn Divisions were performing a valuable service in wartime, while the St. J ohn A mbulance Brigad e continued its work durin g peace. This was of special importance in the indu strial areas of South ·Wales and he and Mrs. Guest would d o what th ey c o uld t o enc o ura ge the work.

CADET NEWS-conti n ued from page 186.

Penzance.-After examinin g certain members of the Penzance Boy Cadet Division , Supt T. C. Cooper commended the Cadets, under Cad e t Supt W. G Lewis, on their knowledge and efficiency. He also thanked them for their l-oyalty in stickin g to th e Corps in spite of the attraction of the new Government Cadet Mo v ement with th e • grant of uniforms and other attractions which the older civilian movements could not offer.

Pre scot.-The Prescot Cadet Division held its annual s ocial and presentation of awards on June 13, when County Ald W J. Lucas (pre sid ent) presented over 20 preliminary first aid awards , and Mrs. Ro ger distributed thr e e Service Sta r s a nd tw o efficiency stripes Cadet Sgt F. M olyneax received the " Wm. Saunders " ch a llen ge cup for the best first aider , 1942

Dr. G E Green , who carri e d out the examination , had congratulated the m ember s on their remarkable efficiency.

Cadet Supt. G. Hu ghe s made a brief report on the past 12 month s and said that th e Division has increased by SO per cent.

Salisbury.-On May 26 Lady Dunbar-Nasmith (Chief Officer, Girl Cad et s) in spected the Salisbury Cadet Nursin g Division , the parade being in charge of Cadet S upt. Mr s. Heptui stall, assisted by Mrs H. E. Pag e Lady Janet Bailey (Lad y Co unty P r esident ), Lady County Supt. Mrs . Battye , Mr s . Conray Dixon (president, Salisbury Nursin g Division) and Col. Thurston w e re also present.

The Chief Officer expre s sed the hope that some members would eventually foll ow . the nur sin g profession and that proficiency bad g es w ould be gained by all. She m e ntioned the much coveted h o nour of bec o min g a Grand Prior Cadet.

Aft er demonstrations Lady Janet Bailey ex pressed the pleas ure and privil e ge afforde\:i the Cadets by the presence o f their Chief Officer.

The Choice ·of a HYPO ,CHLORITE •

Why Electrolytic?

" It is possible to obtain a solution even less irritating than Dakin's solution if we p repare it by the electroly tic method. Electrolytic Hypochlorite has not hitherto been employed in surgery on account of its defective keeping properties ."

-CARREL AND DEHELLY Military Medical Manuals," The Treatment of Infected Wounds " 2nd Edition (1918) P 24·

W hy Milton?

Because Milt9n, the only stable brand of Electrolytic Sodium Hypochlorite, retains Its effectiv e strength for sev eral years, and Because Milton either full strength or in the dilutions commonly employed is far les s alkaline than Dakin ' s solution of compa rable strength

Mi lton I in 2 0 , fo r examp le, has a p H of 8. 89· D akin' s solution I in 10 (which has t he same content of available chlorine, and hence the same oxidising pOlve r ) has ' a pH of 1 0. 6 4 M ilton (full s t rength ) has a pH of 10 .7. D akin's solution (full s trength ), which has half the content o f available chlorine, has a pH of 11.61.

Because recent work emphasises the lack of action (this is larg ely due to the

absence of free caustic alkali). One surgeon gives as his reason for p referring an electrolytically prepared hypochlorite to a chemically produced solution, the fact that after its action is completed, only a saline residue remains, " whereas chemically prepared varieties, such as Dakin's solution, have more irritant end products "l Another states, "Eusol for treatment in the wards has been replaced by Millon in the strength of I in 20. This gives an isotonic solution, is quite painless, and has the ad v antage that when its hypochlorite element has finished action, only normal salts are left. It was found that the boric acid left from Eusol tended to make the wounds somewhat painful and slightly boggy."2

For blandness, stability, low alkalinity combined with effective proteolytic action and innocuousness of end products the choice is C Milton. ' I. " Tr eatm ent of B urns by Irr igation, " British Me dical j ournal, j uly 12th , 1941, p. 47·

2. " E x p eriences in an E. M. S B ase H ospital in th e L ondon A rea," E dinburgh 1I1edical journal , j anuar)', 1942 , pp. 25-26

* F or quotations fo r B ulk Supplies f or H ospit als, etc. , or information with rega rd to irrigatio n t echnique , l1Jrite 111 / ilion Antis eptic, Ltd. , j ohn M illon Hottse, L ondon, N .7.

MILTON, the stable brand of Electrolytic ·Sodium .Hypochlorite, non-ca!-lstic & ofstandard strength (1%)

INTERESTING CASE REPORTS

CASE REpORT No. 20S.-The Officer-in-Charge of the ,Isle of Wight Area: of the County elf Hampshire and Isle of Wight S.].A.B. reports the efficient performance of first aid by a member of the Yarmouth (LW.) Ambulance Division in the following circumstances :-

On May 20 Private ]. Winnard was called to South Street, Yarmouth. On arrival he found a man lyin g in a motor van in which he had been brought home after meeting with an accident at his work. No doctor was available. After diagnosing simple fractures of right tibia and fibula, Private Winnard collected equipment from the Divisional Headquarters, applied splints and banda§es, and treated for shock. \

He then telepho:p.ed the hospital and gave the House Surgeon details of the case The latter then instructed Private Wi?nard to send the patient straight to hospital. This he did, and on subsequent enquiry at the hospital he was informed that the patient was quite comfortable and was making good progress. etfo'Yt tells a story which well ty pifies the work done daily by members of the Brigade, and Pri vate I Winna'Yd merits cordial congrq,tulations on his resourceful handling of the case.-N. C. F

CASE REpORT No. 206.-The Officer-in-Charge of No.1 (Prince of Wales's) District, S.] .A.B., reports the efficient performance of first aid by a member of the ChelseaFulham Nursing Division in the following circumstances :-

On June 6 a lorry accident occurred at Dulverton, Somerset, where A/S Mrs was recovering from an illness, and 25 soldiers were injured. Four were removed on stretchers to the doctor's house, and the remaining 21 men taken to the Maternity Home in the village, there being no hospital. The two trained Sisters from the Home were occupied with the stretcher cases at the doctor's house, and the Matron of the Home was busy looking after the babies in her care. Mrs. Dillon, therefore. offered her services, which were gratefully accepted, and she at once proceeded to render first aid to all the men. There being no splints or triangular bandages available, she made splints from branches of a tree in the grounds and tore up sheets and pillow-cases for bandages. The majo.r injuries actually treated by her were: (1) multiple face injuries and undiagnosed injuries to back; (2) fractured radius; (3) fractured clavicle an d suspected fractured cheek-bone; (4) sprained ankle; (5) cut lip, w hich subsequently had to be sutured, and punctured wound of face. In addition -there were certain minor injuries which were treated.

Later the doctor reported that the work done by A/S Dillon was thorough and efficient, and that it showed a very high degree of practical skill.

COMMENT.-It is the proud boast of the Brigade that its members are always r eady to help in any emergency and that they are adepts at improvisation. To Ambulance S i ster Mrs. Dillon, therefore, go cordial congratulations on the successful w ay in which, singl ehanded and with improvised material, she dealt with many major an d minor injuries. -

N . C. F.

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION

E. ]. (New quay).-On three separate occasions I have disagreed with three different doctors on the question of performing artificial respiration.

During the examination of one class which I had tI:ained, the surgeon-examine r moved the hands of one of my pupils from the correct position to the scapulce . I told him that I did not agree and, after consultation with the surgeon-lecturer (who was in the next room), my pupil was told to carryon with my method

On the second occasion the doctor, who was examining anotrrer class trained by m e , wanted to apply pressure in j erks. Again I voiced my disagreement; but this time there was no other doctor to support me . . .

The third occasion was at an exercise which I had organised with the local F.A.P combined with the V.A.D. 'so I had labelled one patient: "This patient fell into the sea and sustained a simple fracture of the ribs He is unconscious and breathing is failing." When I told one of my party to apply Schafer's method the doctor said w e should not use Schafer's. I asked him " Why not? " and he replied that it may convert a simple into a complicated fracture of the ribs I maintained that I would apply Schafer's method, as the action is not on the ribs and that forcing the contents of th e abdomen up a g ainst the diaphragm would reduce the capacity of the lungs. The doctor was not convinced. '

If I am wrong, I am perfectly willing to be corrected I shall, therefore, be glad if you will give me the benefit of your ruling. I would like to point out that I hold the Award of Merit of the R.L.S.S., and that is why I feel so sure of my ground.

192

Human Anatomy, Osteology ______ ETC.

Articulated and Disarticulated SKELETONS: HALF SKELETONS SKULLS, PELVES, Hands and Feet

Largest Selection in the Country.

Inspection invited.

Telephone:

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M illi1'llises tM efforl in lifting patients f rom ground to stretcher

Long handles which push the Trigglift swiftly and smoo thly under patient Short handles for use where patient is close to a wall. Pro Pat 5324 ADVANTAGES:

Ea s y removal from awkward position, p assages, etc.

H eavy patients ea,ily lifted - even by w ome n C omfort for the patient Speed if necessary. S low movement if advisable. I mme d

On your statement of facts I agree that you were quite correct on all three points. It seems to me, however, that the doctors were teachin g Schafer's method as they were taught it when they were m edical students Truth to tell, f ew (if an y) surgical textbook s describe the method exactly as Schafer him self approved it in 1931.-N. C F. FRACTURES OF BOTH LEGS

W. A. (Binningham) .-My father and I are members of the Brig ade , thou.gh I am oDly a 'Cadet Corporal. Recently we had a discussion regarding the treatment of a case of severe crushing ef both legs; and we would very much like your view on the subject .

My father stated that if he were called upon to deal with such a case he would treat both limbs as for a normal fracture of each leg; but th a t instead of using narro w bandages around the limbs he would use broad bandages, althou gh this contrav en es the regulations set down in the Textbook, on the grounds that the extra width would support the limbs underneath sufficiently during transport.

My treatment of such a case would be to take :five splints and place one between th e legs , one underneath each limb and one at each side, and then to b a ndag e as for an ordinary fracture of the legs. The ex tra splints underneath the limb, I think, woul d prevent the limbs from" falling through " Therefore w e g et a box splint w hich I h a v e found at drills is excellent support for a fractured hum erus in mid- sha ft.

I would like to thank you for the information which I hav e b een able to obtain through yeur answers to other people's queries; and also I would like to thank y ou in -anticipation of your answer to my question.

While I should hate to cau se di ss en si on in yo u r fa mi ly I conf ess that of the t wo I pref er the method suggested by yo ur f athe r bec au se he de ci ded t o treat each fra cture separately, and thereby fac i litated the w ork of the surge on wh o wou l d take charge of the case T hi s , in my opinion, is a m ost i m por tan t fac tor in all firs t ai d work.

On the other hand, had y ou suggested a bo x splin t for each l eg or , in othe r w ords, elected to use six splints, then I thi n k that i n a comp eti ti on I shoul d have given y ou bo th eq'Ltal marks. At the same time, we re I a fi r st ai der, I woul d tr eat each limb as l ai d down i n t he Textbook and then tie them tog eth er, with th e S'Ltre conv icti on t hat n o f urther aggrav at ion could take place.

In conclusion I congratu late y ou on your ingen uity an d wis h you the bes t of good fortune.-N. C. F.

CAUSATIO N OF AIR H UN G E R F. C. (Cardif£).-We shall be grateful if you will kindly expla in w hy in cases of hcemorrhage from internal org ans the patient may suffer fr om ai r h ung er (T extb ook , p. 136). We have made several enquiries without success and s o we n ow s ee k y our kind help. .

A hunger might also be called " oxygen starvati on. " It i s not confi ned to cases of Juemorrhage from i n tern al org an s, an d i t OCCU11 S where t here i s a se1'ious lo ss of bloo d, whether externally (and seen ) or intern ally (an d con cealed ). It result s from t he los s of fl uid and especially of the r ed blood corp us cles, conse quen t on w hic h th e l atter cann ot carryon t heir function of absorbing oxygen f r om th e ai r cell s of the lungs.- N. C F. HANDS ABOVE HEAD WITH NOSE BLEE DI N G

F. C. (Cardiff).-Also, will you please ex plain w h y we a r e t old in the T ext book (Rule 1, p. 139) to raise the patient's hands ab ove his h ea d ?

Elevati on of the upp er li m bs abo ve t he head cause s en largement of th e ches t cavi ty and consequently expan sion of the lungs When th is i s done with hcemorrhage f rom the n os e, pressure on the large veins at their entry into th e rig ht au ri cle of t he heart is l owered , with the results (1) that th es e ves sels di late; (2) t hat the r eturn of the venous blood t o the heart is facilitated; and (3) that blee ding fro m th e n ose i s ch eck ed.

To accomplish these effects it i s not nec essary f or the hands to be high abo ve th e head, which might be a diffic u lt operation esp ecially if t he pati ent is f eeling f aint. It wi ll suffice to tell him to clasp his hands together and to pl ace th em on t he top of hi s he ad .-N. C. F.

CLASSIFIED ADVERTISEMENTS

Adrllrlisemmtl with remiltame should be .rent to tM St. JOM Ambulanc, Ga{.ltt8, 11/13 Bream's Buildings, Cht:nClT)! Lane, London, E.C.4. 2d. per word, minimum 35.

WANTED.-St. John's Ambulance Girls' and Boys' Cadet Uniforms in good condition.-Full particulars to SUPERINTENDENT, Reginald Road Infant School,1I'0rtsmouth, Hants.

WA-N'FED.-St. John Ambulance Sisters' Uniforms, also Grey Overalls, various sizes.HUDSON-HoB DEN, Rill Cottage, Budleigh Salterton, Devon.

WANTED.-Ambulance Sister's Jacket and Skirt, waist 26t, bUst 34.-Apply HAWKES, Chase Lane, Haslemere. 194

EV ERYTHING FOR SAFETY EVERYWHERE

«N OVOX' and' NOVITA'

O xygen + CO 2 or Oxygen RES USCITATING APPARATUS for t he apparently asphyxiated or drowned.

SM OKE HELMETS o f all Patterns.

'P ROTO' and ' SALVUS' OXYGEN BREATHING APPARATUS

' PURETHA' G AS MASKS for N aval, Military and Industrial purpose. and for Civilian use. ALL A.R.P EQUIPMENT

DU ST and SPRAY MASKS and all other Safety and Protective Devices.

SIE B E, GORMAN & Co., Ltd. LONDON, S.E.I

The St. John Ambulance Association

Its HiStory and its Part in the Ambulance Movement

By N CORBET FLETCHER, M.A., M B., M.R.C S.

" This book from e«ier to cover is foll of ,f great est interest and importanu to erJl ryone in 1M Ambulance M ovnnenJ "St. ,Jobn :ambulanc e Gl a3ette Price 3 / 6 Postage 6d.

Stores Dept. : ST. J OHN'S GATE, LONDON, E.C.l

144 SCENT CARDS, 6/-. 1 ,000 35/6. Tickets Rubber Sta mps -TICES, 11, Oaklands Grove, London, W.12.

U RGENTL Y R E QUIRED, ab out t welve pairs of Brigade Trousers in good condition. Waist 31 to 39 inches -Particu]ars t o D is tric t Officer C. PEDDI E, 20, Field fare Lane, Norton, Stockton on Tees.

SCENT CARDS AND SACHETS, printed with your announcements, are splendid money raisers and show 300%yrofit. Samples free on request.-AXRRDALK PRltSS Bradf{)rd

U RGENTLY N EEDED, J a nuary, F ebruary and May issues of this Journ a l.-Send copies with price to THE PUBLISHER, ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE,1 1lS, Bream's Buildings, London, E.C.4.

Giving hints on the Bugle, Drum and Flute, als o Parade Formations, us e of Porade Cane, Sta ff, etc , 6d. ] post paid.

(Broken). Post flesh hoop. Ready lapped head returned .ame day received.

H enry POTTER & Co.

36 /38 West St., Charing Cross Rd. LONDON, W.C.2

Write for leaflet "Prompt First Aid Treatment of Asphyxia and other Respiratory Failure Emergencies" toSPARKLETS LTD., MEDICAL SECTION LONDON, N.18

PRACTICAL BOOKS

by N. CORBET FLETCHER, M.B., B.C., M.A.(Cantab.), M.R.C.S.

WHY & WHEREFORE IN FIRST-AID (6th Ed.) Difficulties solved by Question and Answer Price 1/ 3 (Post 2d.)

AIDS TO FIRST·AID (7th Ed.)

First-Aid Simplified and Tabulated with Aids to Memory., Price 1/ 3 (Post 211.)

EFFICIENCY IN FIRST·AID (3rd Ed.) Problems In Study, Treatment and Examination solved for Senior Students. Price 1/- (Pose

AIDS TO HOME-NURSING

Home Nursing Simplified and Tabulated, with Aids to Memory Price 1/- (Post ltd.,

COMMON ERRORS IN 'fIRST-AID Errors in First-Aid Detailed and Explained. Price I/l (Pose 2d.)

AMBULANCE COMPETITION TESTS

Stretcher, Individual and Question. Each Folder contains special article on Competition No. I, Training of Competition Teams; No.2, Conduct of Team in Room : No 3, Common Errors in Compet/tJon; No 4, Further Errors in Treatment: No. 5, History of Competition Tests No.6, Preparation of Tests. 6 Folders. Price 6d. each (Post 2d.).

Obtainable from : THE FOUNTAIN PRESS

11/13, BREAM'S BUILDINGS, CHANCERY LANE, LONDON, E.C.4.

Telef>hone : PADDINGTON 1001

GARROU .LD LTO.

Te/errams : GARROULD, LONDON 150-162, EDGWARE ROAD, LONDON, W.2

, In order TO OBTAIN UNIFORMS FOR OFFICERS & MEMBERS, an arrangement has been made between the Board of Trade and the St. John Ambulance Association, particulars of which can be obtained from the Officer in charge.

Uniform by Garrould ensures correct design, high grade materials selected for smartness and hard wear.

PERMIT OR OFFICIAL HEADED PAPER MUST ACCOMPANY EVERY ORDER.

PRICES OF OFFICERS' UNIFORMS AND OTHER ITEMS NOT MENTIONED IN THIS

AD VER TlSEMENT SENT POST FREE

All prices are liable to advance without notic"e

S.J.A. NEW REGULATION

APRONS for Ambulance Sisters. Made from hard-wearing linen-finished apron cloths. Price Includes cross. Waist: 26, 2B, 30 or 32 In. Lengths: 26, 2B, 30, 31 In. 6/6

Waists: 34. Lengths: 26,28, lIO, n In. 116 37 in., 'l/il

S.J.A. NEW REGULATION COAT

Cut and tailored from fully shrunk and showerproofed material, half lined with grey Italian cloth. Prices Include buttons. An official order for H.Q. to supply us with badges and buttons must be sent with every order. Women's Sizes 9010.5. 95/6 Ex. O.S. lOS/-

STOCK SIZES-Women's :

Bust : 32,32,33,34,35,36,36,36,37,38,3B.39

Lgth. : 44,46,44,46,45,44,46,48,47,46,48,48

O.S. 40, 40, 40, 42 X.O.S. 44, 46 46, 4S, 50, 48 4B, 4B

S.J.A. REGULATION HAT for Officers Fur Felt, 29/6 and Wool Felt, 19/11, Ambulance Sisters, Felt, 16/11. Badges are only obtainable from H.Q. Sizes: 6t, 61,61, 6i, 7, n, 71, 7t. Storm Cap 13/6.

NEW REGULATION DRESS for Ambulance Sisters. Made from good quality Sanforized - Shrunk washing material.

Bodice unlined, Women's 21/6

Bodice lined, Women's 24/6

OFF DUTY DRESSES

In Grey Matalaine Wm's 59/11

Made to Measure Wm's 67/In Grey Lystar Women's 35/_

STOCK SIZES : Bust: 34, 34, 36, 36, 36, 3B, 3B, 38, 3B

Waist: 26, 26, 28. 28, 2B, 30, 30, 31, aI Skirt: 2B, 30, 2B, 30, 32, 30, 32, 30, J2

REGULATION CAP for Ambulance Sisters, 27 by IB ins. or 28 by 19 Ins., 1/8

REGULATION CAPE.-Made In regulation grey cloth, lined with all wool red flannel, 42/-

NUMERALS

OBTAINABLE FROM HEADQUARTERS ONLY

t£)e <bfftciaf .iournaf of t£)e in f£)e rneafm of tSe Q?enera6fe <nroer of f6e of !St. Zo£)n of Serusafem

VOL. 15. No.8 AUGUST, 1942

CONTENTS:

EDITORIAL

LADY SUPERINTENDENT-IN-CHIEF

PROMOTIONS IN, AND APPOINTMENTS TO, THE ORDER

OBITUARY

PHYSIOLOGY IN FIRST AID

CIVIL DEFENCE SERVICES

THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRIGADE OVERSEAS

RAILWAY AMBULANCE NEWS

CADET NEWS

THE IDEAL CLASS SECRETARY

THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRIGADE AT-HOME

PRIORY FOR WALES

INTERESTING CASE REPORTS

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

EDITORIAL OFFICES:

ST. J PHN'S GATE, LONDON, E.C l.

(All reports, etc., should reach the Editor not later than the 28th of the month.)

PUBLISHING OFFICES: 11-13, BREAM'S BUILDINGS, LONDON, E.C.•.

N war-time service, either in the military hospitals or with the civil population, it will be found that a considerable proportion of patients are in a state of high nervous tension. The need for a restorative food beverage, which is completely nourishing and easily assimilated, becomes urgent.

, Ovaltine ' meets this necessity in a highly satisfactory manner, both as an emergency measure and as a regular routine. The nutritive and energising constituents of ' Ovaltine ' . are rapidly assimilated, providing all the essential food elements, and, at the same time, allaying nervous tension in a most helpful way.

Now, as in 1914-1918, 'Ovaltine' is widely used in the wartime hospital service both at home and overseas. It is of exceptional value as a regular supplement to the dietary; it is designed to meet abnormal demands on the nervous system, and its use at ·night is an effective aid to sound, restorative sleep.

, Ovaltine' possesses many outstanding advantages. It is highly concentrated and is prepared by exclusive scientific processes. It contains the essential vitamins and valuable mineral elements, "first-class" protein, carbohydrate and fat in carefully adjusted ratio. Moreover, , Ovaltine' possesses special properties which make milk more digestible, and thus easily assimilated, even by patients who are seriously ill.

Supplies are available to Hospitals and Public Service Organisations in special packings and at special prices.

Write for details to A. Wander, Ltd., r84, Queen's Gate, London, S.W.7.

t6t J"ournCl.f of f6t (:prfor}3 in f6t ()$ritis6 (ReCl.fm of (b'enerCl.Sfe of f6e i)os,pitCl.f of @f. J"o6n of J"erusCl.fem

Edited by GEORGE E. CRAFT, F.R.S.A.

VOL. 15. No.8 AUGUST, 1942

EDITORIAL

There are many who t;bink that the time is now opportune when something should be done to eliminate the rivalry that exists, and which sometimes leads to friction, between members of the Order of St. John and the British Red Cross Society. These two great organisations are engaged not only in the teaching of First Aid, Home Nursing and kindred subjects, but also in the utilisation, in the National interest, of the services of those who have received such training. To-day, with thousands of members of each body doing splendid work side by side in Civil Defence and in Hospitals, Nursing Establishments and the like, the general public are often confused owing to the fact that there are two organisations with almost identical Charters.

It has been suggested by some that the teaching and other humanitarian work of both bodies should be handed over to a separate Joint Organisation, with the parent bodies continuing to perform their other functions. Objections to such a proposal were raised on the grounds that if the Order no longer carried out the objects laid down in its Charter, that is to say its humanitarian work which throughout the Empire has received such public- appreciation, it would gradually lose the support and encouragement which is now so freely given to it by all classes and creeds.

An alternative suggestion was that a complete fusion of the Order and the Society should take place and that in the United Body thus formed the traditions, spiritual succession and distinctive character of the Order as an accepted Christian Order of Chivalry would be perpetually maintained; and, in addition, the high ideals of the Society and its status as the National Red Cross Society would be assured.

It is an interesting problem: and all that can be said at the moment is that the matter is being thoroughly investigated and that much tinle and thought is being spent in an endeavour to :find a successful solution. One thing is certain: nothing affecting the Order will take place without the approval of Chapter-General.

LADY SUPERINTENDENT-IN-CHIEF

Chapter-General has approved of the appointment of the Lady Louis Mountbatten as Lady Superintendent-in-Chief of Nursing Corps and Divisions with effect from July 24, 1942, vice Mrs St. John Atkinson, deceased. 199

lerior!, in tbt of tbt l'tntrablt erbtr of tbt of jfobn of

His M afesty the King has been grac' 1 pi in, and Appointments to, The tOIlancttOn the fpllowing Promotions COM r OJ t e of St. John of J erusalilm James Thomas.

For Promotion to the Grade f D Cynl Tasman Jackson. F . 0 arne John Henry Gil rances ElIzabeth Lady Smith (f R es. Commander). ' rom euben Ethelbert Hare

For Adm.ission in the Grade of For Admission in the Grade of Commander (Brother) Serving Sister Do.ug1a:s Mudie Buchanan, KC. Alice Blackburn.

Bngadler Charles Mitchell Hoffe. Ivy LIVI.na, MISS Sandstrom

For Promotion to the Grade of AlIce ElIzabeth, Miss Seymour-Wells. . Officer (Brother) Stella E:relyn, Mrs. Spenc

LIeut.-Colonel John Mitchell' Watt Irene VIOlet Elsie, Mrs. Preston.

Colonel John Dunbar White Isabel, Miss Anders.

William John Cullen.

William Frederick Veary. (All from Serving Brothers).

For Admission in the Grade of . <?fficer (Brother) Arthur WillIam Dickens.

Hugh Tevis.

For Admission in the Grade of Serving Brother

Colonel Charles Herbert Hamilton, O.B.E.

Thomas Blackadder Gilchrist M D D.P.H. ' ,

William Ernest Hedges.

LIeut.-Colonel Frederick Wilkinson Smyth, O.B.E.

For Admission in the Grade of Serving Sister Katrina Elizabeth, Mrs. Potgieter.

COMMANDERY IN NEW

South Australia

For Admission in the Grade Serving Brother

Frank Sandland Hone, M.B

INDIA of

For Admission in the Grade of Knight H.E. Captain The Hon. Sir Arthur Oswald James Hope, G.C.I.E., M .C., Governor of Madras.

For Admission in the Grade of Commander (Brother)

LIeut.-General William Haywood Hamilton, C.B., C.I.E., C.RE. D S 0 K.H.P., I.M.S. ,. .,

For Admission in the Grade of Commander (Sister)

Amy Helen , Lady Reid. ZEALAND

George Eustace Cuffe.

Obituary

MRS. ST. JOHN ATKINSON

By the death of Mrs. St John Atkinson the Order and the Brigade At-Home has lost an energetic worker.

Lorna Atkinson was appointed Lady Superintendent-in-Chief of the Nursing Corps and Divisions on June 24, in to Lady Perrott, and she devoted all of her time and her great energIes to the serVIce of the under her commar;td. Her short term of office will long be remembered for the progreSSIve reforms she carned ou t under difficult conditions, with characteristic vision and enthusiasm. She took immense pride in the achievements of the Nursing Divisions and did all in her power to encourage initiative and to adjust pre-war machinery to war-time needs. She cooperated with the Government over the Civil Nursing Reserve, Civil Defence Policy, V.A. D. Scheme and the setting up of Wartime Nurseries.

Within the Brigade she brought about many reforms by modernising unifo:r:m, bringing fresh support mainly through the appointment of a number of outstandmg presidents and vice-presidenti3.

By her sympathy and wise judgment and devotion to duty she set an example beyond all praise and endeared herself to all members of the Brigad.e The mem?ry of her fine qualities will always be treasured by those who had the pnVIlege of serVIng with her.

Before her appointment as Lady Superinte ndent-in-Chief she had many associations with the Brigade. During 1928, togeth er with Sir John Hewitt, her father, she acted as a delegation to Australia and New Zealand and also fulfilled the same office in Canada in 1933. These visits were of such value that Commanderies of the Order were established in both New Zealand and Canada. In England she raised a Nursing Division in Northamptonshire, of which she was lady superintendent.

At the funeral, held at Chipping Warden on Thursday, July 9 , many b eautiful flowers were sent, including tributes from the Order, the Brigade At-Home, the Brigade Overseas, and many Districts and individual Units of Nursing and Cadet Nursing Di-visions. Among those present were the Earl of Scarbrough (Sub-Prior), Lady Serena James, Lady Louis Mountbatten, Col. Sleeman (Chief Commissioner, Brigade Overseas), Mrs. McKenna, Lady Dunbar-Nasmith, Major Darvil-Smith (Brigade Secretary), Mrs. Beckwith-Smith, Lady Becester, and other members of the Order and of the Brigade.

For Promotion to the Grade of For Admission in the Grade of Officer (Brother) Officer (Brother) Wilham Walter Dutton, YD. (from SerVIng Brother).

For Admission in the Grade of Officer (Brother) Surgeon-Corp.mander J ames Anderson Watson, L.M.S .S.A.

For Admission in the Grade of Serving Brother

James Kirkwood, M.B. Edward James Rose.

COMMANDERY IN CANADA

For Ad,mission in the Grade of . Officer (Brother)

LIeut.-Colonel Gerald Allison.

AUSTRALIA

New South Wales

For Admission in the Grade of Serving Brother

Sidney Leslie Parsons.

Harry Richard Rishworth O.B.E .,

F.R.C.S ., D.P.H. '

For Promotion to the Grade of . Associate Officer (Brother)

Rangaswami Kumaru (from ASSOCIate Serving Brother).

For ' Admission in the Grade of Officer (Sister)

Lucy Torfnda, Mrs. Ransford. For Admission in the Grade of Serving Brother

\Captalll Geoffrey Benion Thomas M B

F.R.C.S ., I.M.S. ' ..,

For Admission in the Grade of Serving Sister

Christine Mary, Mrs. Town

Margaret, Mrs. Neal.

Olive Margaret, Mrs. Briggs.

FOUND.-Bronze Medallion N 130135 d

elusive bearing the same numbe o. 0 an br0I?-ze labels for 1911 to 1940 inAssistant Secretary, St. J ohn ca.n t?btasm same, on application to the SSOCIa lOn, t. John s Gate, London, E.C 1

200

A Memorial Service was held at St. Paul's, Knightsbridge, on July 14, when the Queen was r epresented by Capt. Arthur Penn, the Duke and Duchess of Gloucester were represented by Sir Godfrey Thomas, the Princess Royal was represented by Lady Cochrane. The Order was represented by the Earl of Clarenden (Chancellor), Sir Percival Wilkinson (Secretary-General, also representing the Sub-Prior), Sir J oseph Byrne (Director of Ambulance), Brigadier Barne (Secretary), Mrs. Thomas Gilmour (rep resenting the Commandery in Canada); the Bri gade was represented by Sir J ohn Duncan (Chief Commissioner), Lad y Louis Mountbatten (Deputy Lady Superintendent-inChiet) , Col. Sleeman (Chief Commissioner, Brigade Overseas), the Hon. Mrs. CoplandGriffiths (Lady Superintendent-in-Chief, Brigade Overseas); the British Red Cross Society was repr esented by Dame Beryl Oliver, the Countess of Limerick, Miss Darbyshire (Matron-in-Chief), and the Hon. Mrs. Thorold. In addition many representatives of headquarters and l ocal divisions were present.

The Dean of Bocking, the R ev Cyril Cresswell, and the Rev. R. W. H. Moline took the service

Among the many messa ges of condolence received was one from H.M. the Q ueen , Commandant-in-Chief of the Nursing Corps and Divisions, which read as follows :" The Queen commands me to write and say that Her Majesty is most distressed to of the untimely death of Mrs. St. John Atkinson. The Queen sympathises deeply with all memb er s of the Order of St. John of Jerusal em and of the St. John Ambulance Brigade Nursing Divisions in the l oss of their Lady Superintendent-in-Chief, who brought such rare qualities of spirit and mind to the Order which she served with such complete devotion. Yours sincerely, Katherine Seymour, Lady-in-Waiting ."

MISS JULIA C. MANN

We regret to announce the death of Miss Julia C. Mann on July 11 at Harpenden. She was one of the early members of the Brigade, joining the Children'S Home Division Nursing about 1895, later becoming Superintendent of the Hospital Saturday Fund Division. Miss Mann was on duty at the first Bank Holiday Public Duty at Chingford. £he was a Serving Sister of the Order.

PHYSIOLOGY IN FIRST AID

By M. M. Scott, · M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P.

(Member of the Textbook Revision Committee and ·Divisional

Stwgeon, S.J.A.B.)

THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

The Respiratory System is that group of organs and structures the primary function of which are to oxygenate the blood and to excrete the carbon dioxide from it.

The structures concerned are the Nose, Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea and Bronchi, Lungs and the Chest Cavity. The mouth, although essentially part of the alimentary tract, may also be regarded as part of the system, because it also opens into the pharynx, so that air may likewise reach the lungs through this route.

The Nose has the additional function of containing the organ of smell, which is confined to the upper part

form the" Adam's Apple." It is composed of two fiat pieces of cartilage arranged V-shape, the fold of the V being in front. Projecting from the notch of the V is a leaf-shaped cartilage, called the epiglottis, the base of which is just behind the back of the tongue: During the act of swallowing, the tongue is pushed backwards; thus the larynx is occluded and food is prevented from entering it During respiration, however, the tongue

CIVIL DEFENCE SERVICES

By W. C. Bentall, O.B.E., F.R.C.S., F.R.G.S.

DECONTAMINATION OF GASSED CLOTHING

(Continued from page 181, July, 1942, issue)

3. LAUNDRIES station personnel or police, when Vario us laundries in each district valuables are accepted for treata re being approached, and in many ment. Again, receipts should be :places arrangements are already made taken when valuables are handed !for the staff, and in some laundries back to claimants. 'they have the co-operation of a (2) Methods a re devised for identi\military squad of Pioneers to receive fyin g the property of different a nd do this contamination work at the owners. la undries. (3) When valuables are found to be Practices have been held in many only slightly contaminated, they p la ces in this decontamination in the should be handed back to owners laundry machinery, and it is a tech- with instructions for weathering, nic al proced ure for which practice is and a receipt t aken. es sential. Full protective clothing SUGGESTED TRAINING SYLLABUS

m ust be worn, temperature of water 1. PERSONNEL carefully taken, special laund ering of A.R.P. Training Bulletin, paras. 7 th e clothing, drying, and placing ready and 8. fo r co llection, etc. Each shift should Elementary Lecture. wo rk for three hours. Protective Protection of Body. cl othing'and heat prevents a longer time. Preventative Cleansing.

of the lateral walls and the dividing septum. It contains two cavities, separate from each other in the middle B line by a bony and cartilaginous septum or partition. The floor is formed by c the hard palate, underneath which lies the mouth, while from its lateral walls protrude three projections-the D turbinate bones-which thus partially divide each cavity into recesses E: ---\.-.JJ.I-I from above downwards. In front, the nose opens externally at the nostrils, or "Anterior Nares," while -------+---\----\--\"\ behind, it opens into the pharynx at the" Poterior Nares."

The Pharynx is the tubular cavity into which both nose and mouth open behind, so that it forms a common passage both for food and for air. The walls of the cavity are surrounded by a group of sheet-like muscle (the Con",trictors) which play an important part in the act of swallowing.

The Larynx is that portion of the respiratory tract which contains the organs of voice. Above it opens into the pharynx, while below it is continuous with the trachea or windpipe. It is composed of several cartilages with their associated membrane and ligaments. The upper, or Thyroid Cartilage projects into the neck to

A. Three Turbinate Bones

B. Hard Palate. • C Tongue

D. Epiglottis.

E. Larynx

F Trachea or Windpipe.

G. Thyroid Cartilage.

H. Oesophagus or Gullet

(in the conscious person) does not press on the epiglottis, so that the entrance in to the larynx is clear and air may freely enter. The first aid importance of this is paramount. In every case of Injury or disease, pr eca utions be taken to see that the larynx IS not blocked, e.g., keeping the head turned to one side in an insensible patient.

(To be 202

4. WEATHERING General Principles.

(1) Where it can be ascertained for 2. WARDENS ce rta in that contamination is caused Reporting. Collection. by light vapour only, decontamination Advice to Public. Records. by weathering may be sufficient. Return to Owner. Valuables.

(2) In such cases, if clothing is Exercise. bro ught to the dump, the posts and - 3. COLLECTORS wi r e or rope, provided for the purpose, As at 1 (Personnel). sho uld be erected. Bundling or Bagging and (3 ) When the clothing is hung up, Identification Records. care should be taken to keep each Unloading at Dump. bundle separate. 1£ this is done, Exercise. ma rking is unnecessary. 4. DUMP PERSONNEL

(4 ) The time taken depends on the As at 1 (Personnel). degre e of contamination and the Setting up Dump. Marking. climatic conditions. Twenty -four hours Classifying. Civil. is usually necessary but the clothing Military. Shifts. sho uld, in any case, be aired until Demonstration of Dump. com pletely free from the smell of gas. S. TRANSPORT S. RETURN TO OWNERS As at 1 (Personnel).

On completion of the laundry pro- From Streets and Cleansing Stations cess es the articles will be despatched to Dumps and Laundries. from the laundry to the place indicated Marking of Bins. by the local authority responsible for 6. LAUNDRY PERSONNEL the return of the clothing to its As at 1 (Pers o nnel). righ tfu l ,owners. Removing Bins at Laundry. 6. V ALUABLES

Loading into Washing Machines and Authorities should lay down a pro- Tanks. ced ure for dealing with valuables Decontamination Processes. coll ected or handed in after a gas Demonstration. attack.

NOTE: After the above training, (1) Receipts should be given by the exercises should be held until efficiauthority's authorised represen- ency is reached. Fin<l:lly, combined tatives, e.g., collectors, cleansing exercises should be carned out.

203

tlrbe 31 obn ambulantt 1irtgabe eberSta g

Broadca st to I ndi a.-The Chief Commissioner Overs eas gave a broadcast to India upon the Order and its work on May 13, 1942, by invitation of the B .B.C. He told of instances 'where e x pert knowledge of first aid had meant the saving of human life and unnecessary suffering in peace-time, and r ep resented the heroic work of members of the Brigade both At Home and Overseas followin g enemy action. He pointed out that India, now threatened by ] apanese attack , must prepare to safeguard the lives of her citizens, which might best be done by learning ambulance work. As Colonel Sleeman comes of a family which has served India for five generations.,--his grandfather, Major-General Sir William Sleeman, K.C.B. , h avi n g be en the discoverer and suppressor of the hid eo u s organisation of murder known as Thuggee -his words carry great weight, and reports since received from both In dia and the Middle East say that this br oadcast was most opportune, and its reception extremely good.

It is interestin g to n ote that no l ess than 100 ne w A mbulan ce and Nursing Divisio ns were formed in Indi a during 1941 , bringing the total to 465 , ,¥ith a member ship of 12 ,986.

Ca1'Lada .-Our Bri gade in Nova Scotia was call ed up o n to attend t o most, if not all, of the casualties r esultin g from the Battle of the Atlantic. In British Columbia our Brigade i s thorou ghly o r gani sed in Casualty Services and A.R.P., lar gel y due to the admirable work of our Co mmi ssione r there, Mr. FyfeSmith, and the District Superintendent, Mr. A. T. Morrison, who has a wonderfu l reput a ti on on the Coast for his knowled ge of A.R.P. or ganisati on in all its fields. Ind ee d , the Mayor and Municipal Committee of Vancouver obtained his services for two months after the distressing raid up o n Pearl Harbour, so th at he mi g ht organise Civilian Defence. Our ab l e a nd

zealous Commandery Commissioner, Lieut.-Colonel Gerald Allison, E.D., reo ports that he insp e ct ed this organisation and found it to be in such admir able condition that the central control h ad distributed knowled ge of all hap p enings throu g hout th e lar ge city. One h our after the ] apanese attack on Pe a rl Harbour the Casualty Services in V a ncouver were completely manned by t he Bri ga de, an act which has been greeted with hi g h praise by the Premier of British Co lumbia.

Fiji .-In the Colo n y of Fiji the Brigade Overseas has made great strides und er t he stimulative enco uragement of His E xcellency Sir Harry Luke, K.C.M .G., K.St.]. (now unfortunately retiring), a nd Dr. V. ,TV. T. McGusty, C.M.G., Assista nt Commissio n er. Qu een Salote of Ton ga, who is well known for her active supp ort of all useful humanitarian work , h as grac iously shown great interest in t he work of the Order, with the nat ural r esu lt that many of h er s ubj ects h ave followed the examp l e of their Queen I t i s interesting to recall that the st art of ambulance work in Fiji dates from a chanc e contact made by the Chief Commissioner Overseas during one of his tours Mrs. A. L. Armstrong was als o a passenger in the same ship, and became so interested in hi s accounts of the Or der and its work that she started classes in Fiji, and l ater, when her husband was transferred to Tonga as Agent a nd Consul, in tho se is l ands as well. So th at ambulance work in Fiji and Tonga owes its inception directly to one of the offi cial Visitations made on b ehalf of H.R.H. T he Grand Prio r

Although ambulance work was o nly begun in Fiji as late as 1937 , Dr. McGu sty now r eports that, on the outbreak of w ar, the Brigade not only provided a nucleus of first aiders, but also constituted t he backgro und of the entire civihan first aid services

RAILWAY AMBULANCE NEWS

SOUTHERN RAILWAY

Poole.-Dr. R. ]. Maule Horne, Poole 's on gaining the 21 year Gold Medal. A s a retiring M.O.H., presented awards to th e token of app r eciation a monetary gift was successful members of the Poole and presented to him by Mr. F G. Harwo od, District S.R. Ambulance Class. Dr. founder of the A u dit Class

Laura Maule Horn e, who is th e class Lau nce st on .--Mr. A. E. Kelland (S talecturer, presented the Southern Railway tionmaster) presid ed at the pr esentati on Centre's Meritorious Service Certificate of awards, bein g supported by the Mayor to Mr. F. C. Bryant, Signalman, of (Ald. H. Hoskin), County Officer H eard, Bournemouth Central. District Officer Mooney, and Mr. J. Dorking.--At a meeting of the Audit Oliver (Stationmaster, Mr. H. J. Office First Aid Class Mr. Frank Crisp, Hancock, District Secretary, spoke ap p reClass Secretary, was warmly thanked for ciatively of the support given the railway his work in promoting the cause of first company by the Launceston Bngad e, aid at the Audit Offices and congratulated although they were separate units

204

Mr E Uzzell (W elfare Officer), who six districts, with the following results :the awards, conveyed to .the Darlin gton - Darlington Engllleers U rccessfu l candidates the con g ratul atlOns (judges, D r s C. D. Wilson and A. I Ho gg); H ull-Hull Dairycoates (J.udges: f the directors and the genera mana ger. Drs. V. P. Squire and L. F. Wilson) , Wade bridge. - Mr. Uzzell presented Leeds-Leeds Passenger (judges,. Drs. wards to th e members. of the T . R. Hunter and E. H. Lodge) ; Middlesrid e Cl ass a t a meetlll g over -v..:h lCh brou gh-Midd l esb rou gh (judge, Dr. .1. W. r. gF. Cl app (Stationmaster) preSIded. Rid l ey); Newcastl e-Tyne Dock he work done by the class was appre- Dr. W. H. Pallett) ; York-York Carnage Iated by who were aware Works (judges, Drs R. A. Dench and f the difficulties whIch they were ex- J . S. Dudgeon). Thanks are to eriencin g . Mr. F. .. Trott. gave an the doctors who gave their valuable time n t erestin g talk of Fust AId under to jud ge the competiti.ons vartime conditions." Competition enthUSIasts Wlll be sorry ONDON AND NORTH-EASTERN RAILW.AY to learn that the premier trophy of the Nort h-Ea ste1ln Area.-The follovv:ng North-Eastern Area, namely, the '.' Wharembers have been admitted Servmg ton Shield," which was presented m 19?7 , Brothers of the Order: Mr. A. Barker, s uffer ed severe damage by enemy actlOn Guard, Gateshead; Mr. ]. W. Hooker, in a recent raid. Chief Clerk, West Hartlepool; Mr. W . During the half-year ended March 31, Nixon, Engine Fitter E::cammer, Hull; 1942, thirty-one members of the staff Mr. H Roberts, Charge ] Olner, Gateshead. became entitled to the L. & N.E.R. Long Service Gold Medal, 13 twenty-year Bars,

In spite of the many calls upon .mem- B 4 thi tear ber s in the North-Eastern has 2 twenty-five year ars, r y-y been possible to hold co_m....:p:...-et_l_tI_o_n_s_ln_t_h_e__B_a_r_s_.______

([abet j}ews

C t 1 ld Division disc ussed" How to Offic ers' Courses. - Sussex oun Y J.e lat e int erest in the wo rk of GIrl Cadets, a most su ccessful c ou rse at Brighton on t D and one speaker was chosen to July 11 and 12. County each Division . These representabves Bryce presided, the actu.al .mstructIon were actually Cadets and each gave being given by Cadet Officers interesting facts. The County: ComffilsC W. L. Pi le and Miss Tnll, who w: ere sioner addressed the gathe rm g, after very interestin o· and very instructive. d e Other speakers D were Assistant Brigade which competitions an games wer Secreta ry J S. Hannam, who spoke on arranged, and Lady Amy Bertie uniform coupons; Miss V. Cunard , Staff National Savin g Stamps to the Wlnners. Officer to Chief Officer Girl Cadets ; The pr ocee din gs were br0.ught to a close D istrict Commissioner Richarcs, who b y Cadet-Sergeant SylVla Peach progav e a talk on The Order; Mr. H. K. G. posing a vote of thanks to Lady Amy, to Bearman, who spoke on "Youth and the County to Lady their Books"; Cou nty Secretary F A. Co unty Officer :Miss "Whitehead for yreT rott, who gave an practIcal siding, and t o the Matron and Comffilttee demonstration of Competition v\lork; of Milton House for the use of tt: e gro unds. W J B Lady Dunbar-Nasmith, Chief Officer an d Assistant CommisslOner f th Girl Cadets, presided at a course a Tr otter, who completed the course WI a instruction held on July 19 at the Dort alk on " The Cadet." chester Hotel, London. . Some

At the opening se ssi on Li e u t.-Col o n el members were present and list ened Wlth MccGwire, Chief Officer Boy Cadets, d (St ff referred to the work done by the Cadets much inter est to Miss V. Cunar a in time of war, and mentioned that m.any Officer), who gave on Cadet Regulad tl·ons· to Mrs. Talt ("Warden of Canon- Meritorious Certificates had been game , C t ) by them and also that one Georg.e Medal bury Tower Community en re on h d t1 " Leadership"; to L ady County Supt. h as been gained. He emp aSlse le Mrs. Beckwith-Smith on " History of importance of self-discipline Order". to Miss Bonthron (Travelling The Sunday mornmg seSSlOn was, ' R ·tm t opened by a service conducted by the Secretary of the ecrU!. e,r;. , Rev. H. H. Tarrant, Chaplain to the Centre) on " The Nursmg ProfesslOn , and to Capt. A. C. Whi.te Knox, M.C., K ingston Buci Corps. . C N 1 Mid- Devon Area h eld ltS second Cadet M.B (Assistant o. bb J 1 11 D istrict) on" Te achin g first ald to the Confer ence at Newton A ot on u y " t d whe n County Commissioner Vick and Mrs . young-how to hold their mteres . 3:n Vick, Lady Amy Bertie, of the attention." Thanks to the pr eSIding Newton Abbot Nursin g DiVlSlOn, were offic er and speakers were expressed by p rese nt Before the conference each Lady County Offic er Mrs. Tapley

205

Norwich.-Lord Albemarle, County President, supported by Acting County Commissioner Dr. Lund and )\,1:r. J. H. Dain, Corps President, attended the Lads' Club on July 11 to present Grand Prior Cadet Badges to Fay Boston, Rosina Gmver, and Barbara Hindle. Lord Albemarle spoke of the excellent work done by Cadet Supt. Mrs. Denny in training these girls and enabling them to obtain the highest honour a Cadet could reach.

Over 80 other certificates "vere presented by Mr. Dain and Mrs. De Carte Smith (newly-appointed vice-president of the Thorpe No.1 Cadet Nursing Division).

Girl Cadets gave a display of dancing and also bandaging, whilst Boy Cadets took part in a competition. Divisional Surgeon Frewer Moor (Norwich No.3 Nursing) and Sister Hannant judged the bandaging b y th e girls and the test by the boys , and Dr. "\i'i,Tebster kindly presented First Aid kits to the winners.

Similar presents were also given to the three Gmnd Prior Cadets and to Cadets with more than six special cer· tificates.

Rothwell.-Nearly 200 Cadets of t he Kettering Corps accepted the invitati on of the Rothwell Cadet Divisions to attend a parade and service at the Parish Chu rch on St. J olm's Day. The Rev. O. G, Barrow conducted the service. T he Rothwell Albion and Mission Ban ds attend ed, the parad e being under t he command of Supt. P. T. Butlin. After the service refre shments were served at the Tresham Hall, where a welcome w as extended to the Cade ts by Supt. Butlin and to which Cadet Supt. Mandevil le (Kettering) replied

C amb orn e. - A new ambulance Cad et Division has b een formed in Camborne with 27 members und er Cadet Supt. H Tremelling.

THE IDEAL CLASS SECRETARY

As the successful conduct of a class rests largely with the Class Secretary, and as so many persons are now undertaking the duties of class secretary for the first time, the publication of a few hints . may be useful.

The ideal class secretary must have tact, diplomacy, initiative, knowledge of Association rule s and regulations, and the ability to carryon in the unavoidable absence of the lecturer. His is a thankl ess task and much work must be done before, during and after the completion of th e course if a successful issue is to be obtained.

THE FIRST STEP-FORMING A CLASS

If names of intending students are already to hand the class secretary must see that a suitable hall or room is available He must remember that con genial and comfortable surroundings mean that students feel more at home, and therefore pay more attention to the lecturer, than is the case when uncomfortable and unsafe chairs are provided, or when the room is stuffy or cold.

It may be, however , that no name s have yet been received, and it is there fore necessary to advertise the fact that a course of instruction is to be held; or it may even be thought advisable to hold a preliminary meeting at which an important local personage (more especially one connected with first aid) should be asked to address the gathering. After the meeting the names and addresses of intending students should be taken. If this meeting is held, representatives of the local Press should be invited to attend; they can do much to further the cause.

Having decided on the meeting h all, convenient dates and times for lectu res must be arranged in consultation with t he Surgeon-Instructor, who should be ask ed to offer alternativ e dates and tim es before anything is definitely settled It IS seldom possible to meet the wishes of a Jl, so the majority mu st have preference. When these preliminary details have been settled a communication should be addressed to the Chief Secretary at Association Headquarters in order th at 'the class may be re gistered and t he nec essary forms supplied. These inclu de a set of Jules, an attendance register in duplicate, and a form Ref. A l E on whi ch to apply to the Chief Secretary for t he appointment of an examiner , all mark ed with the same registered number. T he Class Secretary will then be in a positi on to estimate the cost of the class, taki ng into account the hire of the hall, t he hire of equipment such as banda,ges, splints, charts and diagrams, the cost of 'a stretcher (if none is available locally), supply of textbooks, Surgeon-Instructo r's fee, the Examiner's fee and Headquarters' fee. He Will also find that if the co st cannot be borne by the students in t he way of entrance fees it may be possible to obtain a grant from the Board of Education or County or Borou gh Council, who have power to make grants in aid of classes held in connection with the Association. It should, howev er, be borne in mind that when a pers on has to pay to attend a course of instru ction, that person is more eager to b e present and to continue to the end.

(To be continued) 206

trrbe 3J obn

HEADQUARTER NOTES Uniform, Rationing : Responsible Officers,-It is mo st that who have signed ResponsIble Officers Certificates MUST make SU'l'e that the balance of coupons now due reach the Brigade Office, St. J olm's Gate, London, E .C.1, not later than August 31.

Elementary Drill Booklet.-This is now available for the use of Ambulance and N ursing Divisions and is obtainable from t he Stores Department , St. J ohn Ambulance Association, Willey Park, Broseley, Shropshire, price 2d. plus postage.

No.1 (PRINCE OF WALES'S) DISTRICT

CENTRAL AREA.-On Sunday, June 28, some 300 members of the Central Area a ttended service at St. Paul's Cathedral. T he parade, which was under the c0I:?-m and of Assistant Commissione r Captalll R ussell V. Steele, formed up on the north side of the Cathedral and marched into the buildin g The Colours were carried. by Supt. Elvin with escort. A very Imp ressive service was conducted by the R ev. Canon Alexander, M.A., and an inspiring address given by.the Rev. O. H ardman, D.D. The servIce was concl uded with the Brigade hymn, followed bv the National Anthem.

- After the service the parade formed up in front of the Cathedral with the nursing personnel on the wide landin g of the steps an d the Colours in the centre. The Surgeon- in-Chief, Dr. N. Corbet Fletcher, who was for some years Assistant Commissioner of the Central Area. in spected th e parade and expressed his great p leasure at meetin g some of his old B rigade friends.

Col. Woolrych Perowne (Hospitaller of th e Ord er), Mr. Fincham (Assistant Libraria n) and Lady District Supt. Miss W alker were among those present.

WEST WICKHAM,-Since its inception in 1929 the No. 152 (West Wickham, Kent) Division has gradually forged ahead, and under the guidance of Amb. Officer C. E. Newman is looking forward to a great fu ture. Drills, public duties, etc., are being regu l a rly carried out and, despite cJaims on members' time, classes have been held for Youth Movement CJubs with great success, only thr ee students failing to satisfy the Div. Surgeon J, B. Patrick, who was the examiner. A Cadet class h as been formed and 45 eager and ent husiastic boys attended the opening cou rse. There is every reason to believe that a strong Cadet Division will soon be in existence.

STANMoRE.-Members ·of the Stanmore Section, together with of the

Stanmore First Aid Association, spent a very instructive and enjoyable evening on July 13, when Mr. W. J. Sma je (Staff Instructor at Middlesex Group School) addressed them on "My First Aid Experiences in the Blitz." After giving. an amusing description of the dIfficulties met and overcome by his squad, he went on to stress the importance of a sound basic textbook knowledge of first aid. It took a fully trained man to improvise effectively.. He :vent on. to give many u seful hints gamed dunng actual working.

Amb. Officer K. Stallard thanked Mr. Smaj e for his inspiring l ecture and announced that future talks were to be given during the next five months.

STREATHAM. - On July 22 Lady Mountbatten (Deputy Lady Supenntendent-in-Chief) and Lady Nasmith inspected the Streatham and the Streatham Girl Cadet DIVlslOns. The inspecting officers and were received by Assistant Capt. A. C. \i'ifhite Knox, DIstrIct Clifford, Lady District Officer Miss Grindley, County Cadet Mrs. Cheyney, and others present bemg District Supt. Miss Walker, DIstnct Officer Miss Tuckwell , DlV. Surgeon Abrahams, and Miss Tuckwell (Divisional President). Lady Supt. :Miss Burkett was in charge of the nurses and Cadet Officer Miss Rayner the Cadets.

Following the inspection the Cadets demonstrated their usefulness by several displays which included a welcome by signalling, looking after baby, household duties , bedmaking. The finale a tableau in which the senior and JUlliOT members took part.

Unfortunately Lady Louis had to leave early to keep another appointment and Ladv Dunbar-Nasmith exp r essed on her behalf and on behalf of the guest to Miss Tuckwell for the hosp1tality extended and to the members of both Divisions for their enthusiasm and good She hoped the Cadets would work hard and gain proficiency badges.

HAGGERSTON .-On July 25 Lady District Officer Mrs. Tapley inspected the HagO'erston Nursing Division, Lady AmbulOfficer Mrs. Kempsell being in charge, with NursinO' Officer Miss Evans in attendance. a display of bandaging tea was served to the visitors and This was followed by a display of danclllg by the pupils of Miss Marguerite's of Dancing, which was much apprecIated by all present.

During the interval Assistant CommissioI;J,er Capt. Russell Steele presented , 207

badges of office to Mrs. Grenard (Presi- interest can only be achieved by still dent) and Mrs. Craft (vice-president), also closer corporate union. awards gained by the members. Mrs. Col. J. L. Sleeman, Chief Commissioner Grenard thanked Capt. Steele for giving Brigade Overseas, speaking later endorsed up his valuable time and expressed her the remarks of Lord Bledisloe. pleasure at receiving her badge; Mrs. No.3 (VVESTERN) DISTRICT Craft seconded the vote of thanks , which BIRMINGHAM. - On Wednesday, July 8, was carried with acclamation. Mrs. Lady Louis Mountbatten (Deputy Lady Kempsell thanked Miss Marguerite for Superintendent-in-Chief) visited Birmthe splendid show she had put on, and ingham, where she saw the Prisoners little June Kemps ell presented her with Packing Centre, the Auxiliary Hospital a bouquet of carnations. at Sandyford (staffed by St John and Those present included Lady District Red Cross), and th e Lady Mayo r ess's Supt Miss Walker, District Officer and Depot. A big Red Cross and St. John Mrs. McBride and many friends of the meetin g was held in the e venin g , at which Division. both Sir Philip Chetwod e and Lady Louis ORPINGToN.-The annual distribution spoke on behalf of the War Organisation , of awards was held on July 11, when the meetin g bein g presid e d over by th e Mr. E. Uzzell, Welfare Officer, Southern Lord Mayor and Lady Mayoress . Railway, presided, supported by Lady Follov.ri n g this me etin g Lady Louis District Officer Miss Grindley, Div. inspected a Guard o f Honour of St. John Surgeon John Grant, Supt. A. P. ·Williams, and Red Cross memb er s, whil s t Sir Philip Mrs. K. M. Anthony (Member-in-charg e, inspected Ambulanc e Divisi o ns of the Orpington Nursing Division), Mr. H. J. Brig ade and ambulance members of the Lester, J.P. (chairman, Orpin gt o n U.D.C.) Red Cross. This wa s fo ll owed by a and many others. dinner g iven to the Lord Mayor and Lady Dr. Marcia Grant, wife of the Divisional Mayoress , Sir Philip and Lady Louis, Surgeon, presented the awards, fClllO'\¥ing and members of the Joint County Comwhich Private Frank Thurston handed to mittee by County Commis sioner Sir the Nursing Division a silver cup presented Bertram F ord. by officers and men of the Ambulance POWICK. - Th e a nnu a l r ep o rt of the Division. Dr. John Grant pres ented a Powick and Distri ct Nur sin g Division cup for individual competition and this s hows that the financial position is satiswas later handed to the winner, Private factory and that the w o rk of the Division Thurston. Private A. W. Ten on was continues to give satisfaction. The Cadet awarded a first aid and nursing dictionary Corp s is now 45 str o n g , 34 girls under as runner-up. A further cup was pre- Mi s s Hobbins and 11 boys under Mr sented to the Ambulance Division by Ledger. The Red Cros s g ifts from Amb Officer H. T. Miles for team work. America were much appreciat e d by the Mr. Uzzell, on behalf of the Southern Cadets. Railway, presented Mr. F. Crouch with a The membership o f the Division is now Meritorious Certificate for exceptional 19; lectures in hom e nursin g and first first aid, and a Meritorious Long Service aid were held durin g the year and 9 Certificate to Supt. A. P. Williams. members gain e d label s and six medallions Mr. Lester thanked the Brigade for Four m e mb ers g ained th eir second year their splendid work in Orpington. The service bar. new ambulance, which Supt. Williams CRADLEY HEATH. - The completion of had previously announced had covered 50 years' close ass o ciation with the 7,000 miles, was a very useful adjunct Brig ade stands to the credit of Ald. and much appreciated by the residents D. M. Chapman, J.P., who is County in Orpington and district. Officer for Worcester. In the early part of 1892, when a member of the goods On July 18 the competition for the staff of the Great Western Railway at team trophy was held, and as a result Round Oak, Brierley Hill, he joined the the team lead by Private A. Anthony was ambulance class at that station and declared the winners, with Private F. obtained his certificate. He gained his Thurston's team as runners-up. voucher in 1898 and the medallion in No.2 DISTRICT 1899. In May, 1917, Mr. Chapman reGLOUCESTER. - Complete fusion be- ceived a certificate for "exceptional tween the Red Cross and the Order was efficiency" in first aid. He was one of the hope expressed by Lord Bledisloe the founders of the Rowley Regis Division (County President) at an investiture held which was registered in 1915, and became recently at the Shirehall, Gloucester. the first divisional superintenqent. In These two bodies to which most of us 1930 he was appointed superintendent belong, said Lord Bledisloe; are linked to- of the North Worcestershire Corps, and day closely in the execution of humani- in 1940 was promoted to County Officer tarian tasks, but complete aim and for the northern area of the county. His 208

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unflagging devotion to duty was officially the country. He was pleased to note the recognised when in May, 1927, he re- close co-operation between the Ambulance ceived a vellum vote of thanks of the and the Nursing personnel. Order, and in February, 1933, he was Supt. Adamson welcomed the Comadmitted to the Order in the grade of missioner on his first visit to the Division. Serving Brother. He is the proud pos- Personnel numbered 39 men, nine of sessor of 'the Service Medal and two Bars. whom were in H.M. Forces He thanked He is an active member of the Joint War Div. Sur g eon McMurtry for his valuable Organisation , being on the Joint County services to the Division since 1921. Dr. Committee and chairman of the Borough McMurtry said it was always a pleasure to Penny-a-Week Fund. He is very active work with the Bri gade ; he had been in local government affairs. l ecturing for nearly 35 years.

It is to be hoped that he will IQmg be BRIGHTON. The annual church spared to carryon with his useful and parade of the Brighton Corps was held on most self-sacr.i:fi.cing efforts. June 28 at St. Anne's Church, Kemp No.6 DISTRICT Town. An inspiring address was given NEWCASTLE. - A little while ago Lady by Corps Chaplain Canon T. J. James , Louis Mountbatten visited Newcastle, M.C., M.A ., who conducted the service. where during two days' stay she carried In addition to Brig ade members Amout various functions. bulance and Nursing Cadets were present,

On the first day she opened the Red also a detachment of British Red Cross Cross shop and attended luncheon given Society under Florence, Lady Baddeley. by the Lord Mayor and Lady Mayoress, After the service Ald. F. G. Beal, J.P. , at which County Commissioner Embleton Corps President, insp ecte d the parade , and other membe'rs of the Brigade were which was commanded by Corps Supt. present. and Surgeon Dr. F. Hu go Stuttaford ,

On the second day Lady Louis, accom- supported by Corps Offic ers Williams , panied by Commissioner Embleton and H. J. Grace and R. G. Winder.

County Secretary Miss Whitford, visited NORTHERN IRELAND DISTRICT

First Aid Posts, which were chiefly The annual competitions of the Brigade staffed by St. J ohn members, at Whitley in Northern Ireland were held within Bay in the morning; in the afternoon the precincts of the Queen's University , she inspected a large Guard of Honour Belfast (by kind permission) on June 20 composed of Ambulance and Nursing Ninety-nine teams entered for the variou s members and subsequently attended an eve nts , the results being as follows:Officers' Conference, at which she spoke; Belfast Challenge Cup (Senior Men) : whilst in the evening further inspections 1, Fertilizer Division , Dublin; 2, East of First Aid Posts in Sunderland and Belfast II; 3, Broadstone G.S. Railway, South Shields were undertaken -with Dublin. various Medical Officers of Health, Lord lWayor's Cup (Novice Men): 1, Mayors, etc These posts were also Smith & Pearsons, Dublin; 2 , Lurgan I ; lar gely staffed by St. John members. 3, Shankill 1. HULL.--On Sunday, June 28, the Hull Whitak er Memorial Cup (Senior Ambulance and Nursing Divisions held 'Women): 1, 'West Belfast Nursing their annual Church Parade, which was Division; 2, Harcourt, Dublin; 3, followed ' by the annual inspection by Bangor. County Commissioner Jennings. Th e Nursing Whitaker Cup (Novice The Hull Northern Division is now 48 Women): 1, Bangor Nursing Division; strong; 16 memb ers are in the Forces, 2 (tie), Portadown III and Harcourt , 11 are servin g as full-time members at Dublin; 3, West Belfast II. F.A. Posts, and 19 on part-time C.D. Th e District S'/Jtrgeon 's Cup (for Boy work. All have been on duty during Cadets, Scouts and Boys' Brigade): 1, raids on Hull. Two members have died 3rd Dublin Boys' Bri gad e; 2, 44th on active service. South Belfast Scouts; 3, 37th Belfast No. 8 (DUKE OF CONNAUGHT'S) Scouts.

- DISTRICT

The Girl Cadet s' Cup (Girl Cadets and CHIPSTEAD VALLEY.-On July 8 County Guides): 1, Banbridge Girl Cadets' I; Commissioner Pape carried out the 2, Newcastle Girl Guides; 3, Banbridge presentation of awards to members of Girl Cad'cts II. the Chip stead Valley Division. Included The Lady Dixcm Challenge Shield (for in the awards was the President's Warrant teams from Belfast Nursing Divisions) : and Badge of Office to Mr. E. Dean. 1, West Belfast II; 2, South Belfast I ; Unfortunately, Mr. A. G. Gooding was 3, West Belfast III . unable to be present to receive his vice- Viscount Craigavon's Cup (for members. president's badge. Mr. Pape, in the of the Royal Ulster Constabulary): 1 , course of his speech, referred to the " B" District I; 2, "A" District; 3 , enthusiasm of the movement throughout " D " District 1. 210

Essential knowledge to treat suc.cessfully ALL possible injuries

THE HOUSEHOLD PHYSICIAN

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Corns and Warts

First Aid What to Do in Emergencies

Bandages Skin Diseases

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Burns Homceopathy, Neurasthenia

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Headquarters: Priory House, 4, Cathedral Road, Cardiff

GENERAL INTEREST

The Ambulance Committee of the Priory for Wales, which met on Tuesday, July 28, under the chairmanship of Sir Leonard Twiston Davies, K.B.E., approved the recommendation of the Motor Ambulance Transport Sub-Committee to extend the service, which now consists of 20 stations served by 25 ambulances, by the acceptance of new offers of contracts which will possibly necessitate the opening of a new station. During the quarter ended June 30, 1942, the Priory .ambulances carried 4,874 cases, involving an aggregate mileage of 81,533, an increase of 451 cases and 7,519 miles on the same quarter of 1941.

The registration of two new Corps in the East Denbighshire Centre of the Priory was sanctioned, to gether 'with the formation of four new Ambulance Divisions at Cwmtwrch (Brecknockshire), Machen and Nantyglo (Monmouthshire), and Rhostyllen (East Denbighshire) , Cadet Ambulance Divisions at Nantymoel (Glamorgan), Blaenclydach (Rhondda), and Trethomas (Monmouthshire), a Nursing Division at Alltwen (Glamor gan), and a Cadet Nursing Division at Whitchurch (Cardiff), Abertwsswg and Machen (Monmouthshire).

Dr. John Sinclair was elected an Honorary Life Member of the Priory in recognition of honorary services as lecturer to classes at Rhos and Rhostyllen over a period of years.

A report on the Association Department revealed that during the first six months of 1942 arrangerp.ents had been made for the examiuation of 815 classes in First Aid and Home Nursing, an increase of 31 on the number of classes examined under the Priory during the first half of last year.

It was announced at the meeting of Council, over which Capt. T. E. Richards, J.P., presided, that the Sub-Prior, the Earl of Plymouth, P.C., had approved on behalf of H.R.H. the Prior, the appointment of Mr. Albert Edward Lindsay, Chief Constable of Flintshire, Assistant Commissioner for Flintshire, in succession to the late Mr. Yarnell Davies, C.B.E. As President of the Rhyl Division, Mr. Lindsay has taken a interest in Brigade activities.

CENTRE REPORTS

BRECKNOCKSHIRE CENTRE.-The new Headquarters of the Abercrave Division was formally opened by the President, Mr. T. J. Davies, J.P., on June 27, in the presence of a large company.

building, formerly the old power statIOn, was practically rebuilt to the design of Mr. T. Edgar Smith, Honorary Architect to the Priory, the structure comprising a main hall and a private treatment room.

The key to the building was presented to the President by Mr. Watkin Lewis, the contractor, in the absence of the Architect. After inspecting the building, the Commissioner for Wales the Hon John H. Bruce, congratulated the bers upon securing a hall of their own, and referred to the valued assistance given by the Division's honorary officials. On behalf of the Priory he paid a tribute to the Division on their achievement and referred to the great assistance received from the Miners Welfare Fund in the acquisition and equipm ent of a number of ambulance halls. Mr. Bruce urged the provision of medical depots, the value of which could not be assessed.

County Commissioner Col. Cole-Hamilton, C.M.G. , D.S O., announced the recognition of the services of Asst. Commiss.ioner A. H. Coppage by his promobon to the grade of Officer in the and congratulated Corps Supt. DaVld J ones on his admission as a Serving Brother. The Commissioner thanked Mr. John Phillips, of the South Wales Power Co., who was mainly responsible for the Division being given the hall and referred to the growth of Brigade work and personnel in the county.

GLAMORGAN CRNTRE, PONTARDAWE COUNTY AREA. - The Assistant Commissioner presided at the distribution of first aid and home nursing certificates to members of the Alltwen and Rhos Nursing Divisions. Dr. Trevor Jenkins and Dr. T. E. Lewis spoke in encouraging terms to the membership and Mrs. Francis and Miss Bowen were thanked for their services.

Mr. C. Hopper, honorary secretary of the County Area Committee, took advantage of the opportunity of appealing for funds for the Red Cross and St. J ohB War Organisation.

MONMOUTHSHIRE CENTRE.-The appOiI?-tment of Mr. George F. Tuckwell as ASSIstant Commissioner for the Trevethin County Area will be received with great pleasure by the rank and file of the Brigade in that area. He succeeds the late Capt. N. C. Richards, whose able lea.dership and promising career in the Bngade were brought to an untimely 212

cJ.;OMACH D I SO RD ER S'

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close by his lamented death in January, 1942. Mr. Tuckwell's appointment can be as well-merited recognition of serVIce III the Brigade extending back to the year 1906 when he enrolled in the Abersychan Division. For ten years from 1924 he held the rank of Divisional being promoted to County III October, 1935. He is in posseSSIOn of the Service Medal and three Bars .

USK AMBULANCE -A new ambulance was dedicated by the Rev W. M. Davies (Vicar) at St. Mary's Church, Usk, to the service of the Usk Ambulance and Nursing Divisions. The occasion was marked by a parade of the Civil Defence Services and Lord Raglan, Lord Lieutenant of Monmouthshire, who was accompanied by Lady Raglan, took the salute.

Major J. D. Berrington (President) explaIlled that the Division has maintained an ambulance service since 1936, when they obtained a car through the Priory for Wales from the Welsh Home Service Ambulance Committee. They now offered gratitude to Mrs. Hilary J e.r:kinson for generously presenting a car which had been converted in the ambulance dedicated that day, as a result of much planning and hard work on the part of local members. It was a pleasure, Major Berrington, to see Supt. Enc Brown present. Now serving with H.M. Forces, he had been granted special leave to attend, The ambulance had been his great ambition for many years a.nd he had not spared himself in the tIreless and energetic pursuit of his aim Supt. Brown thanked all who had taken part in the service. Whatever work they had done in connection with the new ambulance was well worth while.

Miss Williams and Lady (Herbert) LeWIS, O.B.E., distributed A R.P. certificates

The annual presentation of awards arrangeJ. by the Cardiff Dowlais \Norks AJ:?-bulance Division took place on Fnday, July 10 . Mr. Percy Williams, works manager, presided, accompanied by Ca-rt R. P. Robathan, M.C., Acting C:ommissIOner, and his daught er, whose SlIver cup, known as the "Daphne Robathan" Cup, donated for annual squad competition within the Division was presented for the first time. '

BOROUGH OF MERTHYR TYDFIL CENTRE.

-To commemorate the creation of the Andrews Corps, Mr. Tom Andr e ws, J.P., Centre President, and Corps Supt. Dr. A. M. Robertson, have presented the Corp s with silver challenge cups.

The second annual meetin g of Nursing Division was held III the Mission Hall, Div. Supt. Mrs. Lusk presiding, supported by the Mayor and Mayoress (Alderman S. Jennings, J.P., and Mrs. Jennings ), Commissioner Capt. W. J. Canton, Ll.B., Miss Cowl (Matron of the General Hospital) and others. The President, Mrs . J. C. Payne, referred to the splendid s e rvices of Mrs. Lusk and the officers and wished the Division every success in its future work

Capt. Canton, addressin g the Division, urg ed them to prepare fo r e ntry in the Centre competitions and appealed to all who had qualified to maintain theiI efficiency: and be prepar e d for the many calls which would be made upon their seTVlces Alderman J e nnin gs expressed the hop e that the young peopl e would be trained to ensure th e futur e strength of the Unit. The Mayores s pres ented the awards.

NTIPE L CUTANEOUS VACCINE OINTME T

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one or other or all of the three races of germs, Streptococci, Staphylococci and B pyocyaneus are found in every skin infection common to this country, and ANTIPEOL OINTMENT contains the antibodi es (antivirus) of these germs. Healing is expedited by the proved ingredients of the <;>intme.r:t,. and development is stopped or prevented by ItS antiVlIUs stenle vaccine filtrates. ANTIPEOL OINTMENT is unsurpassed for BURNS and SCALDS, for it is microbicide and nonadhesive, and dressings do not require to be changed every day.

BOROUGH OF SWANSEA CENTRE.-New Headquarters for the Bri g ade in Swans ea were opened by the May o r (Alderman T. W. Allison) on Saturday, July 18 .

. The Han. John H . Bruce, CommisSIOner outlined the gr o wth of the Bngad e III Swans ea and s a id the hall would be dedicat e d to th e cau s e of humanity which the S t. John Ambul a nce Brigade had a s their fi rst char ge. B e fore the openin g ceremony , the Commissi o ner for Wales inspected a Gu ar d of Hon o ur of Ambulance Men, W o m en and Cadets. Mr. Bruce had previ o u sly visited

CITY OF CARDIFF CENTRE.-The Penarth Nursing Division held a successful "Bring and Buy Sale" in aid of the Cadet Di vision on July 1. In declaring the sale open, the Han. John H. Bruce Commissioner for Wales, congratulated all who had worked so hard and spoke of the scope and activities for Cadet Units. Mrs. Vivi a n Rogers presided in the absence of h er hu s band, who is President of the P e narth Ambulance Division; and the Rev. Canon G. P. Symonds proposed a vote of thanks to Mr. Bruce. In the evening, when Mr. Vivian Rogers presided, Mr. Bruce pre, sented warrants of appointment to Mrs. Snell and Miss M. Davies, Lady Cadet Superintendent and Cadet Ambulance Officer respectively; and Mr. Roo-ers handed first aid certificates to the J Cadets. Members of the Ambulance Division received their certificates from / Llwynderw, on e vf the si x convales cent hospital s administ e red by the Gl a mor g an J din t Committee , Red Cros s and St. J ohn War Or g ani sation, where Mrs. Urban Marks is rendering full-time s ervices in the honorary capacity of Commandantand Dr. Urban Marks is g iving his serVIces as honorary Medical Officer. 214

HINO-ANTI.PEOL

affords rapid relief of COMMON COLDS, AND CATARRH. Containing the antibodies of the germs common to mfechons of nose and pharynx (Staphylococci, Streptococci, bacilli enterococci M. catarrhalis, B.Pfelffer), Rhino-Antipeol IS not Just a palliative, but is a' of. the of the infection. During epidemics it is the ideal preventive of IDlcroblc development.

PHTHALMO-ANTIPEOL

is a semi-fluid ointment , more convenient than the ordiuary Antipeol ointment for ocular infections and lesions. Eyes affected by smoke and dust are soothed almost immediately by the application of Ophthalmo-Antipeol, and the antivirus prevents germs from developing.

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INTERESTING

CASE REPORT No. 207.-The Officerin-Charge of the County of Hampshire, S.J .A.B., reports the efficient performance of first aid by a member of the New Milton Ambulance Division in the following circumstances :-

At 2 p.m. on June 3, a neighbour living next door to Private Fox attempted to end her life by the use of the gas cooker. Private Fox and his wife knew her very well and were on friendly terms Private Fox knocked on the fence, but received no response. He then noticed tllat all the windows and doors were shut, back and front. So after his lunch he let himself into the house with the key which they had always had. On discovering the gas, he at once opened dOaTS a,nd windows, and managed after a stru ggle to get the lady out of doors. He called to his wife to fetch another man who lived nearby (and who had attended a first aid course and obtained a $.J .A A. certificate some months back); and they both applied artificial respiration with beneficial results Meanwhile, Mrs. Fox had telephoned for a doctor and Private Stewart, who fetched oxygen from Mes s rs Kirkhams. The patient was taken to Milford Hospital and is now doin g well.

COMM:.ENT. - A sphy x i a 1,s one of the conditions in w hich fir st ai ders can (and often do) save life . Private Fox and hi s colleagues, ther efo re , me1 1 it congratulati ons in that they knew ho w to perform artificia,l

CASE REPORTS

respiration correctly and so on this occasi(M successfully resuscitated a dying woman.N. C. F.

CASE REPORT No. 208. - The Chief Commissioner of the Brigade has awarde d the Meritorious Service Certificate to a member of the Fakenham Division , S,J .A.B., for the following brave action :-

Recently, Private W. J. Baxter wa s first on the spot when one of our bombers crashed, and found it badly smashed , with petrol spurting at many points , although there was no fire. He had t o cut the frame to release the three occupants who were badly injured, H e switched off the main electric current and fired Verey li g hts to attract attention . On arrival of four men Private Baxter went to the nearest telephone an d reported to the Aerodrome. He then returned and supervised first aid to th e crew of three.

Private Baxter was congratulated b y the Aerodrome Authorities on his quick action, courage and presence of min d in preventin g the plane from catchin g fire and in r escuing the members of th e crew, who expressed much gratitud e t o him for the efficient service rendered t o them.

COMMENT.-All ranks of the Brigade will take pleasure in adding their congr atulati ons to tho se already receiv ed by Privat e W . J. Baxter n ot on ly on his galla?1,t de ed but also on th e award of t he M eritorious S ervi ce Certificate. - N . C . F .

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

(The followin g queries were presented also applies to fracture of the upper en d to the Brains Trust of the Hospitallers' of the fe mur. In this instance where do e Club recently. They have been sub- the banda g e above the fracture go ? mitted in turn to the Surgeon-in-Chief, A.: In each in stan ce the ex act p osition whose answers are as follows :-) of th e fractur e cann ot be di agn os ed by fir st FRACTURE OF NOSE aiders w ho should treat th e i njury p r e-

Q.: What is meant by a broken nose cise ly as laid do wn in the T ext bo ok. and what is its treatment? No ha?' 111, can res ult from su ch actio n ,

A.: A broken nose is a fracture of the and the instructional value of th e T extboo k 'Kasal bones which form th e bridge of the is its simplicity w hi ch w ould be j eopard ised nose. It is caused by dir ect violence and is if it attempted to give sp ec ific i n struction s , accompanied by more or less marked di s - for each and . every poss i ble variation- i n i t s placement of the septum (partition) betwe en treatm ent of fractures.-N. c. F. the two sides of the nose. FRACTURED JAW AND NOSE BLEEDIN G

No first aid treatment is indicated other Q.: \iVhat would be the treatment than laid down in the Textbook for hcemorr- of a man who had been assaulted and is hage from the nose (p. 138), and the prompt suffering from fracture of jaw and bleedin g transfer of the patient to hospital for from the nose? surgical attention.-N. C. F. A.: In view of the desirability of FRACTURES OF LEG AND FEMUR allowing the patient to breathe through hi s

Q.: If a man broke his leg at the very mouth, the lower J'aw should be supporte d lower end, how would it be possible to by a bandage applied under the chin an d treat the leg as per Textbook, when it tied on top of his head. The bleeding fro m would be impossible to tie a bandage the nose can then be treated as laid dow n below the fracture? A similar problem in the Textbook (p. 138); and when it i s 216

Human Anatomy, Osteology

_----- ETC.

Articulated and Disarticulated SKELETONS: HALF SKELETONS SKULLS, PELVES, Hands and Feet

Largest Selecti on in the Cou?try.

Inspection invited.

Telephone: M USEUM 2703

Ellential Equipment for all Casualty Services " WI LLESDEN" TRIGGLIF T

Mi.ni.mi.ses the ejJot'l in lifting patients frqm gpound to stretcher As su pplied to H.M. Offi ce of W orka

Issued to Official Rescue Parties and PraIsed by Authorities throughout the Country

Long handles which push the Trigglift swiftly and s moothly under patient. Short handles for use where patient Is close to a wall. Pro. Pat. 5324 ADVANTAGES: Easy remQval from awkward position, passages, etc. Heavy patients easily lifted - eve. by women. Comfort for the patient. Speed If necessary. Slow movement if advisable. Immediate Delivery. 12/6 Set of Four. With Descriptive Booklet. Plus 8d. Postage. SOLE AGENTS IN THE U.K. ANTI.GAS Ltd., Bideford, N. Devon Government Contractors. Telephone: BIDEFORD 600 (3 lines).

Children do not dread the application of Iglodlne " because, unlike many other antiseptics, it does not hu rt or sting. It is ideal for cleansing and sterilising all surface injuries, and hastens healing quickly wit h 0 u t leaving a scar.

7td., Iltd., 1/9t, 2/11. From all Chemists, Boots Branches, Timothy Whites and Taylors, Ltd.

con tr olled the pat ient s h ould be. transf erre d wi th ou t de l ay t o hosp i tal f or s -z,trgi caZ tr eat ment. - N. C. F . FR A CTURES O F BOTH THIGHS

Q.: If a p a ti ent is s ufferin g from fr a ctures of b oth t h ig h bon es w hat should the tr eatment b e ?

A.: I n such a case firs t aiders shou ld modify the treatmen t l aid d own in th e T extb ook (p 87) by app lying t UI{) l ong splin t s , ea ch reaching from a1'mpit to beyond foot on ei t her side of th e bo dy . T hi s do ne , th ey sh ou ld contro l th e splin t s by ban dag es as indicat ed in t he T extbo ok. -N. C . F . CO M MEN CE MENT O F H E ART BEAT

Q : '\iVben d oes th e h eart be gin to beat?

A. : T he heart commences to beat lo ng bef ore the chi ld is born ; and t he heart s ounds can be hea1,d on examination of t he mo t her by the t wenty -sixt h wee k of p regn an cy As, however, the query f alls within th e realm of embryo logy and not of first ai d, no u seful purp ose will be served by going in to f urt her de tai l s.- N . C" F.

TREATMENT OF CRUSHED HAND

Q . : Wh e n appl y in g th e seco nd bandage in th e tr eatm ent o f a fractur e d fo r earm we ar e in s tru c t ed t o excl ud e th e thu mb, w hich is good s ur gery beca u se th e h a n d r e main s fiat o n th e s plint In th e tr e a tment o f a cru s h ed han d , however , we are t old t o includ e th e t h um b w hich is b ad s ur ge r y b e c a u se t he h a n d is rai sed fr om th e s plint a n d mu st aggravat e th e inj ury Will yo u pl ease exp la i n why t his m eth od is ad opte d?

A : T his quelJ'y is not founded on fac t because the thumb lies alongside t he rest of t he hand. Consequently , in the treatment of c1'ushed h a nd i t is good firs t aid (and surgery I ) to keep the thU'lnb immobilised in i t s natural position , because all the me tacarpal bones may be invo lved .-N. C .F . FRACTURE OF PE L V I S

Q.: S h oul d a pati ent s u ffe r ing f r om f ract ured p el vis be moved on a boar ded stret cher o r as for a fr act ur ed sp in e. Th e T ex tb ook is n ot clear o n t his poin t?

A .: On the con trary t he T ex tbook is perf ectly clear on i t s instruction wi t h ref er en ce to t he r emova l of a p atien t suffering from fr actured pe lvis. I t sugges t s no variati on of metho d; and conse quen tly it expects such patien t s to be lo aded on stretcher an d transporte d in t he usu al way. T ruth t o t ell , the treatment of frachtred

pe lv is wi th si de poles an d bandages as f or f rac ture d spine wen t ou t with the 37 th edi ti on of th e T ex tbook. When it is rem embered that th e sp in al cO lJ'd en ds at the secon d lum bar ve rt ebra, i t wi ll be r ealis ed th at i t is a w aste of energy an d time to treat a f r a ctured p elvis as for a f r actured sp in e a,nd also to board t he str etcher.-N C. F . TREATMENT OF H Y DR O PHOBIA

Q .: In the tr eat m ent of hydr ophob ia th e Tex tb oo k t ells u s if m o r e than halfa n-h o ur h as e lap sed sin ce th e pers on was bitten to proc ee d a s p er Rules 1 an d 2 (p 134) but not to cau ter i s e the w oun d Can you pleas e s t a te th e r e ason why t h e w ound should n ot be c a uterised and why the constriction s s hould b e placed o n t h e limb?

A .: When a rabid anima l bi tes, th e viru s i s injected int o t he wounds made by its bite and wi ll be so local-ised fo r a short perio d C onse quently i t is good firs t aid to cauterise t he wounds if the p atien t ob t ains early assis tance. A f ter a t ime th e' vi r u s may be carried in to t he system " an d when this h a s occurred no benefi t woul d resu lt f rom cauterisation. I n view of thi s ris k of di ssemination a1'J,d for th e purp ose of minimising it , i t is good first a,id t o apply constriction to t he limb and t o encourage bleeding f or a while because t his may remove traces of the virus which may sti ll be present in the wounds.-N. C. F

CA U S E S AND E FFECT OF SHOCK

Q. : We a r e t old t hat Shock is a s u dde n de p ressi on o f th e ner vous system, etc ., fo ll owin g a n acci de nt , etc What a ctu a ll y is th e m ech a ni s m of s h ock? Also w h y s h o ul d sli ght injury so m eti m es pr o du c e se v er e s h o ck a nd vice versa, b eca u se i f th e inj ury a l one is the cause th e inten s it y o f shock s h o uld be i n d ir ect pro p orti o n o f i ts severi ty?

A. : S hock is a condition which is n ot yet fu lly understood and is sti ll unde1 investiga tion. We do know, however, tha t in th is conditi on the func tions of th e vita l centres of t he brain are limited to a varyin g degree. One result is that t he surface bloo d vesse l s are di l ated and therefor e cont ain a greater quanti ty of blood wi th conse quen t deficiency t here of in t he i n terna l organ s , especially brain and heart. T his s tagnatio n of the circul ation produces resu lt s almo st akin to those caused by severe hcemorrhage and probably exp lains t he differing effec t s caused bymajor and minor injuries -N C.F

Owing to pressure on space many items have had to be omitted.

CLASSIFIED ADVERTISEMENTS

Advlrt;semlntJ with remitt ancl should be sent to the St. John Ambu/a1tCl Gal;tltl, 11/13 Bream's Buildings, CIUJnClr)! Lane, undon, E.C.4. 2d. per word, minimum 3 9.

WANTED - N u rsin g Offi cer'S Striped Dress Bust 38", hips 42 ·44" or larger fittings. - B ox 100, ST J.A.G ., 11/13, Brea m's Buildings, E C.4

218

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T he St. John Ambulance Association

Its History and its Part in the Ambulance Movement

By N CORBET FLETCHER, M.A., M.B., M.R.C.S

" Thi s bOlt" f'nII ,tI{}lr ,oller is full of informa!i.n .f grtill ul inter,st and Imporlaru;e '0 tvl ry one In llu A",b uUan,e MOfltmlnJ "St. Jobn :ambulanc e (};a 3e tt e Price 3/6 Postage 6d. Stores Dept : ST. JOHN'S GATE, LONDON, E.C.l

Giving hlnu on the Bugle, Drum and Flute, also Parade Formations, use of Parade Cane, Staff, etc., 6d. post paid.

(Broken). Po s t flesh hoop. Ready lapped head returned lame day received.

Henry POTTER & Co.

36/38 West St., Charing Cross Rd. LONDON, W.C.2

AFrican Medical Corps man writesL/ CPL. B H. HAYDEN, of the 12th Field Ambul.ance , S A.M C.,

Obtainable

GARROULD LTO.

Telephone: '-ADDINGTON 1001 150-162, EDGWARE ROAD, LONDON, W.2 GARROULD, LONDON

re'errtJms:

In order TO OBTAIN UNIFORMS FOR OFFICERS & MEMBERS, an arrangement has been made between the Board of Trade and the St. John Ambulance Association, particulars of which can b. obtained ' from the Officer in charge.

Uniform by Garrould ensures correct design, high grade materials selected for smartness and hard wear.

PRICES OF OFFICERS' UNIFORMS AND OTHER ITEMS NOT MENTIONED IN THIS AD VERTISEMENT SENT POST FREE PERMIT OR OFFICIAL HEADED PAPER MUST ACCOMPANY EVERY ORDER.

All prices are liable to advance without notice

S.J.A. NBW RI!GULATION APRONS for Ambulance Sisters. Made from hard-wearlnc IInen-finl.hed apron cloths. Price Include. croSi. Waist: 16, 28, 30 or 31 In. LAnlth,: 26, 18, 30, 32 In. 6/6

Waists: 34. Len,ths : 26,28, 30,32 in. 7/6

Waist: 37 In., '/11

SJ.A. NEW REGULATION COAT

Cut and tailored from fully Ihrunk and showerproofed material, half lined with ,rey Italian cloth. Price, Include buttonl.

An official order for H Q. to supply UI with badces and buttons mu't be ,ent with every order. Women's Sixes 90/O.S. 95/6 ix. 0 8. lOS/STOCK SIZES-Women', :

Bust : 32,32,33,34,35,36,]6,36,37,38,J8,39

Lgth. : -«,46,44,46,45,+4,46,48.47,46,48,<48

O.S. 40, 40, 40, 41 X.O.S. 44, 46 46, 48, 50, 48 41, <48

S.J.A. REGULATION HAT for Officers Fur Felt, 29/6 and Wool Felt, 19/11, Ambulance Sisters, Felt, 16/11. Badge. are only obtainable from H.Q. Sizes: 6t, 61, 6t, 61,7,71,71,71. Storm Cap 13/6.

NEW REGULATION DRI!SI for Ambulance !isters. Made lood quality Sanforized· Shrunk wuhln, material.

Bodice unlined, Women's 21/6 Bodice lined, Women', 14/6

OFF DUTY DRESS IS In Grey Matala!ne Wm's Made to Measure Wm's In Grey Lyltav Women's STOCK SIZES (Women's) : 59/11 67/JS /-

Bust : 34, 34, 36, 36, 36, 38, 38, S8, 88

Waist: 26, 26, 28, 28, 28, 30. 30, 31, i I

Skirt: 28, 30, 28, 30, 32, 30, 32, 30, 32

REGULATION CAP for Ambulance Sisters,27 by 18 In,. or 28 by 19 Inl., 2/8

REGULATION CAPE.-Made in re,ulatlon ,rey cloth, lined with all wool red flannel, 42/-

NUMERALS

OBTAINABLE FROM HEADQUARTERS ONLY

<Dfficiaf ciourna! of t6e (priorB in t6e (!It(l.fm of t6e (]eneraSfe of t6e i)os.pit(l.f of !iSt. 306n of citrus(l.fem

VOL. 15. NO.9 SEPTEMBER, 1942 PRICE 3d.

CONTENTS:

EDITORIAL

PRISONERS OF WAR WEEK

PROMOTIONS IN, AND APPOINTMENTS TO, THE ORDER H.R.H. THE DUKE OF KENT OBITUARY

PHYSIOLOGY IN FIRST AID

LONDON AND NORTH-EASTERN RAILWAY POLICE AMBULANCE NEWS ,.

THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRIGADE OVERSEAS

THE IDEAL CLASS SECRETARY ' CADET NEWS HONOUR

THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRIGADE PRIORY FOR WALES

INTERESTING CASE REPORTS

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ., ON ACTIVE SERVICE

EDITORIAL OFFICES:

ST. JOHN'S GATE, LONDON, (All reports, etc., should reach the Editor not later than the of the month.)

PUBLISHING OFFICES: 11-13, BREAM'S LONDON, E.C.4.

WO.I1NDS, BURNS, etc.

HE.AL . RAPIDLY and WILL NOT' TURN SE.PT Ie

IF TREATED WITH

ANTIPEOL

CUTANEOUS VACCINE

OINTMENT

,..

one or other or all of the three races of germs, Streptococei , Staphylococci and B pyocyaneus are found in every skin infection common to this country, and ANTIPEOL OINTMENT contains the antibodies (antivirus) of these germs. Healing ill expedited by the proved ingredients of the ointment, and septic development is stopped or prevented by its antivirus sterile vaccine filtrates. ANTIPEOL OINTMENT is unsurpassed for BURNS and SCALDS, for it is microbicide and nonadhesive, and dressings do not require to be changed every day

RHINO-ANTIPEOL '

affords rapid relief of COMMON COLDS, INFLUENZA, AND CATARRH

Containing the antibodies of the germs common to infections of the nose an d pharynx (Staphylococci, Streptococci, B .pyocyaneus, pneumococci, pneumobacilli, enterococci, M. catarrhalis, B.Pfeiffer) , Rhino-Antipeol is not just a palliative, but is a remover of the cause of the infection. During epidemics it is the ideal preventive ef microbic q.evelopment.

VOL 15. NO· 9

t13e of t13e in f13e Qaritis13 (Reo.fm of of t13e lL)ospito.f of 3013n .of

Edited by GEORGE E. CRAFT, F.R.S.A.

SEPTEMBER, 1942

EDITORIAL

The continued expansion of the Brigade At-Home and Overseas is clearly evidenced in the 1941 annual reports of the Chief Commissioners concerned.

Sir John Duncan reports that At-Home 433 new units were registered last y ear and that personnel increased by 7,000, bringing the grand total to 147,000, w hich number includes over 3,000 doctors and some 18,000 Cadets.

Colonel James L. Sleeman reports even greater strides in the BrigasIe Overseas. Divisions increased by 308, while the personnel showed a remark8.ble progress, t here being 9,375 new members. The total personnel Overseas is now 52,700, including 7,700 Cadets.

When it is realised that a few years ago the Brigade At-Home was nD more t han 50,000 strong, the figures now given for Home and Overseas are even m ore remarkable.

As to the work done, suffice to say that in all departments the Brigade is carrying out its obligations under present day difficulties with that same standard of efficiency which is now expected of the personnel. It is, however, with p ardonable pride we report that 65,000 members perform who le or part-time d uty with the Civil Defence or Civil Nursing Reserve, while some thousands are serving with Majesty's Forces. .

These figures do not include personnel Overseas. In Hongkong, Malaya, Singapore and in Burma, Brigade members were there to help meet the Japanese a ttack. \iVhat their fate is cannot yet be given, but it is estimated that some 150 doctors and 5,000 members are missing from these operations. In Malta, t oo, Brigade personnel are upholding the ancient traditions of the Order with v alour, endurance and high efficiency.

is a semi-fluid ointment., more convenient than the ordinary Antipeol ointment fOF ocular infections and lesions. Eyes affected by smoke and dust a n soothed al;nost immediately by the application of Ophthalmo-Antipeol, an d the antivirus prevents germs frem aeveloping.

Clinical Samples on request from MEDICO·slo'LOGICAL LABORATORIES LTD.

... ROAD, SOUTH NORWOOD, LONDO'N, 222

To members of the Brigade At-Hoine and Overseas we pass on the following r esolution: "The Chapter-General desires to place on record its high appreci ation of the courage, self-sCJ,crifice and devotion to duty shown by the members of the Brigade during the past difficult year."

PRISONERS OF WAR WEEK

The first week in December will be a National Prisoners of ''far Week in support of the Duke of Gloucester's Fund.

A special Flag Day will be hel'1:1 on 1 as the main of the w eek, and all sections of the Appeal are being asked to arrange as 'many events as possible at that time. The proceeds will help to meet the mounting cost of the food parcels for prisoners of war.

223

8ranb t}riorp in tbe ntalm of tbe l'enerable Cl&rber of tbe of &t. Jobn of

Maiesty King has beln graciously p'leased to sanction the following Promotion s m, and App01,ntments to, The Ven,rable Order of the of St. Joh n of Jerusal, m

For Promotion to the Grade of H e rbert Henry Trum a n. Bailiff G r and Cross Frank Annesl ey L yo n (o n appoi ntment

Lieut.-General Sir William George as P e rsonal Esquire to Sir Fr a ncis Shedden Dobbie, G.C.M.G., K.C.B , Whitmore) D.S.O. (from Kni ght). Ca ptain Willia m Sutherla nd Gulloch.

For Promotion to the Grade of Knight Robert Sta ff ord Furlo ng Colonel Sir John Ernest Perring (from Colon el Sir Howard Stransom Button Commander) D.L. '

Colonel Sir Bertram Joseph Tottey Ford, For .Admission in the Grade o f T.D., D.L., LL.D : (from Command er). Associate Officer (Brother)

For Promotion 'to the Grade of Dame Philip Ellma n , M .D ., M. R C.P .. Alice' Maud, Miss W a lker, M.B.E. · {from For Promotion to the Grade o f Commander) Officer (Sister)

For Admission in the Grade of Winifred Anne, Mis s Gib so n (fro m S er v ing Associate Dame Sister).

H M. The Queen of Tong a, D.B.E For Admission in the Grade o f

For Admission in the Grade of Officer (Sister) Chaplain Edith Emily, Mrs Trum a n

The VerY Rev. Charles Laing W a rr , Mayb ery Br ows e, Mr s B oy c e

C .V.C>., D.D., LL.D. H ester M a r y, L ady Capel -S l aughter.

For Promotion to the Grade of Lad y D oroth ea Hea d. Commander (Brother) For Admission in the Grade o f

Captain The Hon. James Frederic k Serv ing Brother

Arthur Smith (from Offi c er) Dr John Colin D ixo n Carot her s.

Colonel John Livin g ston Hamilton, M.C. , Willia m J ohn Beatt y T ro tter.

T.D., M.D. (from Officer). H erbert J a m es H a rris.

For- Admission in the Grade of . Fr ederi ck Gu y T reve n en Adams . Commander (Brother) William L esli e In g h a m , M .B

The Lord Ebbisham, G.B E Pet er L eo R egan, M. B

Sir Gerald Francis Talbot, K.C :V.O. , Fr e d Cooper.

C.M.G., O.B.E. Williarp. Gregory

For Admission in the Grade of Fr e d eri ck Wils o n M o ulds

Associate Commander (Brother) R o b ert Maddis o n H a r grave.

Norman Davis. D a vid Griev e, M.B

For Promotion to the Grade of Alexander M acalist er P oll ock , M. B. Commander (Sister) Willi a m Jam es J a rrett.

The Lady Serena Mary Barbara J a mes A lfr e d Ge orge R y d er. (from Officer). Thoma s Dou gl a s L ewis.

Genevieve Ghislaine Marthe , Mrs. King For Admission in the Grade of (from Officer) Serving Sister

For Admission in the Grade of Alic e M a y , Mi ss K eys er , A .RR C.

Associate Commander (Sister) Lillian B eatri ce , Mis s Wi nt erflo od

Pauline Sabine, Mrs. Dwight-D avis. Mildred , Miss L azen b y

For Promotion to the Grade f M a y, Mrs. Rutl edge, M.B. Officer (Brother) . 0 I sab el Susa nna , Miss Co ll inson .

Captain William Charles Knig ht. COMMANDERY IN CANADA

Harold Thomas Ann. For Admission in the Grade o f

William Edward Searl. Officer (Brother)

George Edward Hardy. Colon el Gordon Colfox Kennin g, M.D , Adam Johnston, M.B. RC.A M.C

William Henry Balls. For Admission in' the Grade of . (All from Serving Brother). . Serving Brother

For Admission in the Grade of John Cartmill. Officer (Brother) For Admission in the Grade o f

The Very Rev. Marshall Buchanan Lang, "Serving Sister :r:D., D.D., F.S.A. (Sub-Chaplain). Floren c e Ellen, Mrs Carroll.

224

CO MM AND E R Y O F TH E

AUS TR A LI A N COM M O NW EALT H

For Admission in the Gr a d e of Ser v ing Bro t he r David

Elsie Emily Crandon, Lady Stewart. F or Ad mi s sio n in t h e Gra d e of Offic er (B r other )

Colonel J ames Bennett Hance, C.I.E ., O.B.E., I.M.S.

Jack Edgar McD onal d. I N D IA F or A d mission in the Grade o f Co m mander (Sis ter )

1Ebe j1luhe of 1Se nt

\ t\'e much regret to anno u nce the death of H.R.H. The Duke of Kent, whose passing "'thilst on active service came as a shock to the w h ole co u ntry

T h e D u ke of Kent was a Baili ff Grand Cross of The Order of St . John, a nd .1936 to the office of Prior of t h e Priory for Wal es, a pOSItI on hel d by Klllg Edward VIII , as Prince of Wales, since tb e inception of the Priory.

His influence and personal interest in the work of the Priory for \iVal es was demonstrated o n the many occasions he visited the Principality. On his first visit, which took p l ace on November 6, 1936, in repl Y .to an o.f welcome he : " My ,;vi£e, who is the Lady Supenntendent-m-Chlef for the PrmcIpah ty, and I look forward to a long and h appy association w ith you in promoting the humanitarian work of the Venerable Order through the only Priory that as yet exists in the British Empire."

Messages of condolences were sent by the Order and by the Priory of 'Nales; and we express to H.R.H. the Duchess of Kent the heartfelt sympathy of all members of the Order and its Estab l ishments and Foundations on her irreparable loss.

OBITUARY

Commissioner for East Riding of Yorks hire regrets to anno u nce the death of County Surgeon L. F. vVilson, M.B.E., on Friday, August 7 , in Sutton Hospital, a fter a short illness. He leaves a widov\" a nd two daughters, to whom we extend our deepest sympathy.

Dr. 'Wilson had been in the Brig ade for 12 years, being appointed County Surgeon in 1939. Following the raids on Hull he was granted the M.B.E. for outstanding devotion to d u ty at the First Aid Post, of which he was i n charge.

\Ve regret to announce the death of Ambulance Sister E. A. Luker, of the Haslemere Nursing Division, which occurred on J uly 3 1 She had been a most active worker and keen supporter of the Haslemere Division since its inception in 1930 and for two years acted as Divisional D u ring the last war she n u rsed in an auxili ary hospital.

We r egret to a nn o unc e th e p assi n g of Mr. T h om as O. M ein , wh ose d ea th occurr ed o n A u gust 29 , 19 42, a t E x m o uth

Mr. Mein (T ommy t o his ma n y f ri en ds) has a n ot a ble r e c o rd of ser vice in th e fi r st aid movem ent . A t t he age of 15 h e was a patien t fo r hi s fa ther at the fi r st a m-

bulance class hel d at Stratford on the old Great Eastern Railway. I n 1890 he obtained his cer tificate a n d fr om that time to 1935 he was acti vel y engaged in the qevelopmen t of amb ul ance work on the Great Easter n Section of the now London and North-Eastern Railway. Many thousands of awar ds passed through his hands as Hon. Amb ulance Secretary of the Great Eastern Section, a position he held from 1898 to 1935, and on five occasions teams representing the Section gamed coveted Inter- Railway Challenge S hi el d, a competition which came into bein g l a r gel y thro u gh his energies.

Mr. Mein's life- l ong services wer e not allowed to pass w itho u t d u e r ecogni tion by the Order. In Novem b er, 190 7 , h e was presented with the Vell u m Vote of Thanks; May, 19 10, admitted a Ser vin g Brother; Ju ne , 1920, appointed Hon . Associate; J une, 1926,. promoted to Officer and awar ded the Service Medal' and i n Febru ary, 1935, promoted Commander.

He t h e L. & N.E. Rail way r e pr esentatIve o n the Association S ub- Comm ittee a nd Ambul a n ce Committee, a l so a member of the S el ection S ub -Committee . Up to a few weeks of his death he attended meeti n gs at St. J ohn's Gate

PHYSIOLOGY IN FIRS'T AID

By M. M. Scott, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P.

(Member of the Textbook Revision Committee and Divisio nal Surgeon, S.J.A .B.)

THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

{Continued from page 202, August, 1942, issue)

The Trachea or Windpipe is tubular two layers being continuous with each in structure and extends from the other at the root of the lung. In larynx above to the level of the 5th health, there is a slight film of flui d thoracic vertabra .... below, where it between these two layers, so tha t divides into the left and right Bronchi. d1J.ring respiration, the lungs may It is approximately 5 inches long and glide freely on the chest wall withou t iinch in diameter, and is composed of friction. lsixteen to twenty rings of cartilage The Lungs are conical in shape, the connected by fibfous tissue. The apex of each rising just above th e cartilagenous rings are incomplete clavicle into the root of the neck, th e behind, where the tube is completed base resting upon tpe diaphragm. Th e by' fibrous tissue. Throughout its Hilum is situated on its inner or whole length, the trachea lies in front medial surface, and it is through this of the Oesophagus, which separates it that the important structures in the from the Vertebral Column. root enter and leave the lun g Th e

The Bronchi are formed by the lung tissue is elastic and spongy, and division of the trachea, and passes floats on water of the air it downwards and outwards to enter the contains. root of the corresponding lung. The The right lung is shorter and wider right bronchus gives off a branch to the than its fellow, and is divided int o upper lobe of the lung, before entering three lobes (upper, middle and lower ) the root; the left bronchus, however, by two fissures, the larger of which does not divide until it reaches tb:e runs obliquely from the outer to th e lung. inner surface, and the smaller passin g

The Chest or Thoracic Cavity occupies the upper third of the tqlllk. InA front it is bounded by the sternum and the costal cartilages (which unite the ribs to the sternum) ; behi nd, by () the twelve thoracic vertebrae and the posterior part of the ribs; at the sides by the ribs and intervening muscles ; above by the root of the neck; and ·below by the diaphragm.

The sides and bulk of the thoracic cavity are completely occupied by the lungs and their Pleural Covering, the space reTllaining between them being known as the This contains- the heart and its covering (Pericardium), the great blood vessels entering and leaving the heart, the <G-7 trachea, ceso.phagus, lymphatic glands, :.> and certain nerves,. two of which (the I f OAJ.' ;_ r oJ Vagus and are extremely . fr \ I' lung is ,sur-rounded by a double serous mem- rl "I - ..brane, the p,leura, the portion co:vering <0 ';; FIG' the lung bemg known as the VIsceral {I layer, while that the chest A. Epiglottis; B. Thyroid Cartilage; C. Trilcbea; wall is cCJ.lled the ' Panetal layer, the D. Right and Left Brancbes; E. Rigbt and Left BronchI. 226

transversely from the anterior border into the oblique . .

The left lung is dlVlded mto two lobes only by an oblique fissure, likewise running from the outer the inner surface.

F\G :l.

A. Bronchiole; B. Vestibule ; C. D. Infundibula; E. Alveoli

The Stntcture of th e Lung.-As the bronchi pass through .tJ:e. lungs, they divide and keep on dlvldmg to reach ultimately every part of the structure, the terminal branches being known as Bronchioles. Each bronchiole opens into a space known as the Vestib.ule, each of which in turn opens mto several passages called Each atrium again, in turn, opens mto two or more Infundibula, in the walls of which lie the Air Sacs or Alveoli. The walls of the alveoli consist of a single layer of flattened cells, while the cap illaries derived from the Pl;llmonary Artery form a network be-

and thus the interchange of between the blood and the alveolar all is 'easily effected.

, (To be conti nued)

London and North-Easter.n Railway

On August 1 Capt. W. Goodley, O.B E., M.C., judged the competitions at T.hetford, where Attleborough, with a margm of 22 points, gained first · place, followed by Thetford and Brandon. Mr W Elsey (Thetford) won the individual competition.

Sir William Gentles distributed the prizes and congratulated the directors of the company on their efforts in fostering the work of the St. John Ambulance amongst their employees.

Capt. Gooclley, who mentioned that S?r William was a Knight of the Order , sald that in all the tests the teams had done well and he was pleased to find such keen interest taken in competitions.

Police Ambulance News

City of London.-During the past twelve months 12 classes have been by the City of London Police, whlch some 511 persons attended, Wlth the result that 246 gained 78 vouchers, 103 medallions, and 45 labels. The classes comprised members ReO'ular and vVar Reserve, also ,Vomen s A uriliary Police. The lecturer was Dr. D. R. Crabb, surgeon to Force, the practical instruction being glVen by P.S, Culpin and P.C.s McDermott and May, with P.S. Martin as class secretary.

City of London SPecials. -Tw? courses have been held this year, WIth good results. On September 2 Lady Turnbull, wife of the Commissioner, presented awards to the successful candidates at a social evening held at. headquarters. Commandant Foxon preslded and welcomed Sir Hugh and Turnbull, and the Assistant CommlsSlOner .Capt . Griffiths. He expressed his of the work done by the first ald under the guidance of Capt. A. C. vVhite Knox (Chief Medical Officer) and Capt. F. E. Bendix (Assistant lYI.O.).

F\G.3

A. Alveoli; B. Capillary Blood.

tween the adjacent walls. Therefore' the air in the alveoli is separated from the capillary blood by two layers of cells only, namely, those of the cap illary wall and those of the alveolus,

227

- SlX teams competed at the annual of "B" Division , the judges bemg. Dr. E. F, Abrahams (team) and ASSIstant Commissioner S. J. of the S.J.A.B. (individual), The .result was: vValh<:tm Green Regulars gamed first place, Wlt? CQ,elsea Wa'r R eserves runners-up. SIr Philip Game (Commissioner) the Divisional trophy to the wl?-nmg wmch consisted of P.S. Carlin (captam)l P.S.s Strathearn and White and Phillpot (reserve). Slr George Abbiss also attended.

m:be obn 1Jj)rinabe ®bet5tas

, Nursing injuries , but the following deserves r;.w'/,swJ1,s. -. Ambulance. Slstenl and mentlOll: A boy had his leg fractured v N appomted secretanes of Nursmg when he was knocked down by a bicycle; !?n l11 ay now wear the letters by Improvising cricket stumps for splints B.S. on the straps of both and handkerchiefs for bandages, the le g an? outdoor ulllform . was. dress.ed. and '!the boy removed to SIsters are appomted DlVIslOnal hospItal wIthm 10 mmutes of the accident Secretanes may also be appointed to Zanzibar Polic e A111,bulance Division under First aid boxes are kept at all Police mendatlOl1 m accordance wIth Bngade Stations and Sub-Stations' stretchers at Overseas General RegulatlOn 102. Those all Police Statlons d h ' so appointed will wear the letters " B S " car first al'd 0 tfiat n abnld J?otollr tl f u s are a val a e In a le centre 0 thr.ee-bar Chevron cases of emeraency. m accordance wIth Bngade Overseas IS. General Reo'ulation 272 Offi f Elementary FIrst AId and" Schafers " b cers 0 m th d ft' fi . I .. f Nursin a Divisions car"rin o out the d ti e a. 0 1. cIa re sp lratlOn Orm part J 1;> u es of Poh8e tramm g' of DIvIslOnal Secretary WIll not wear the K ' lettel's "B.S." eny.a.-The number of African fil'St .iWissing. -The Chief Commissioner, m the Police has from Brigade Overseas, regrets to aunounce 62 109 and at the last that Suraeon Lieut.-Commander E AfrIcans out of 52 s ucceeded III passlllg Tymms, D.S.C., who was a District the This is highly satisOfficer of the Brigade in Victoria, Aus- whIle It shows the progress being tralia, a nd a repre sentative of the Order made m Kenya. , on the Central Council V.A.D.s is reported Cyprus.-The Government of Cypr u s missing while 0:0- active service He was was eno u gh to vote £50 in the J(oyal Naval Volunteer Reserve towards Fl'J'-St Instruction and equipprior to the outbreak of war and was later ment for the PolIce. At the end of the posted to the H.M.A.S. Perth as Surgeon there were 54 Furley pattern LIeut.-Commander. , For his conduct in 55 fitted hampers, se ts of action H .lVL the King awarded him the etc., among the Distin!!Uished Service Cross but since vanous PolIce StatlOns. At the Headthat with other mem'bers of the SJ,uarters in Nicosia a wheeled stretcher g<l:l1ant crew he was reported missing IS kept is taken by the Police to HIS father was for many years President race meetlll gs, etc. of the '.Vest Australia Centre and also A number of instances o f good first aid Commissioner of the Brigade Overseas work by the Police have been reported Nursing Corps.-It has been decided r,he Rhodesian Rai l ways District.for the period of the war to sanction the Owmg to the rapid g ro 'wth of St. John formation of Nursing Corps consisting work III Rhodesia it has been necessary exclusively of Nursing Divisions in places to the Rhode sia Centre of the where it is not possible to form combined Assoclabon, and the results achieved in Corps consisting of Ambulance and first few months since the reorganisaNursin g Divisions. bon have been most satisfactory. Nursing Corps will under the charge The strength of the Bngade has of a Lady Corps Superintendent (who · naturally s uffered as a result of men bemg may have n<?t more than three Corps c.alled up, pressure of work on the railways officers to aSSIst her), and should consist shortage of " staff, to gether 'with of not less than tllree Nursing Divisions mcrease of traffic of national importance. with a minimum membership of 100. Nevertheless, recruitin g efforts continue In those localities where Ambulance and on the whole numbers have been well Corps consisting exclusively of Ambulance maintained. Divisions, and Nursing Corps consisting Ambulance Divisums were once more exclusively of Nursing Divisions exist, s ubject to incessant demands for demonthe Corps Superintendent of the Am- stration classes in First Aid, whilst the ,¥ill be responsibl.e for .co- Nursing continued to provide a ordmatlOn III the matter of public dubes, regular servIce of voluntary workers in combined parades, and public appeals. local hospitals on an ever-increasing scale REpORTS FROM POLICE DIVISIONS as a result of the large Air Force trainin a Zanzibar.-FoUliteen members of t.be groups. b Indian Division enrolled in the Military A person rescued from the sea and Force of the Zanzibar drowned was saved by the -r:v: o teams first aId cO.m- of artificial respiration. Good pebtlOn f0r the SIr RIchard Rankine first aId work was also rendered in a case Cup," obe team stood second. of bleeding of the radial artery and First aid has been rendered for many , iracture of the arm-bone, 228

THE IDEAL CLASS SECRETARY

(Continued from page 206, August, 1942, issue.)

THE SECOND STEP-DURING THE COURSE

During the first lecture the class attendance sheet should be carefully marked, afte r taking the names and addresses of the students; and the Class Secretary s hould warn the students that they will not be eligible for examination unle ss they attend in the propOTtion of fivesixths of the doctor 's lectures. Those cand idates entering for the seco nd or s ubsequent examination s h ould be reques ted to provid e the necessary evidence of their previou s examinations so that they may be correctly classified. During t he subsequent l ect ure s the nominal roll shou ld be dJaed b efore the doctor commences his lecture.

It is the Secretary's duty to provide the necessary charts for the l ecturer , and to make sure that the necessary equipment fo r the practical work is at hand, and t hat, fo llomn g its use, it is carefully a nd neatly folded up ready for the n ext lect ur e.

The examination date must not b e l ost sight of. As soo n as the course has a ctually commenced it is advisable to c onsid er* uitabl e alternative dates for the examination, bearing in mind that if t here a r e more than 30 students more t han one date or more than one examiner may be n ecessary. As soon as convenient dates have be en settl ed, application should be made to the Headquarters of t he Association for an examiner.

THE THIRD STEP-THE EXAMINATION

When the Chief Secretar y has sel ected a n Examiner the class secretary will be notified of his name and address, and will r eceive a gummed slip on which to enter t he names of the candidates.

The class secr etar y must ensure that t he equipment necessary for the examinatio n, s uch as bandages, splints and stretcher, are re ady for the use of the cand idates when the examiner arrives. He should then report to th e examiner the num b er of candidates to be examined, a nd should mthdraw from the examination room unless asked by the examiner to remain; but he must first enter on the class attendance sheet a mark against t he names of those present at th e examination, having previously made su re t hat all of them 'attended the requisite

number of lectures given by the doctor. THE FOURTH STEP- AFTER THE EXAMINATION

Directly after the examination has been held ' the class secretary shou ld despatch the clas s attendance sheet to Associatio n Headquarters, having made sure, of course, that the lectur er si g ned it after the la st lecture. Within a few days the official result of the examination w ill be mad e known t o the class secretary on form vv,L., and mth it he w ill receiv'e a statement of account. The spellin g of the name s on form '.V.L. shou ld be checked and the form return ed promptly \¥ith a remittance in settlement of the account , so as to ensure early receipt of certific ates for the successfu l j::andidates, and forms on which to apply for reexaminati on awards.

Finally, provisional arran ge ments for the distribution of the awards shou ld be made, but it is b est to await the receipt of the awards bef ore completing such arrangements. , "Whilst this is being done a n endeavour should be made to enlist the services of the Local Authority (e g. , Mayor, the Chairman of the Counci l , the Medical Officer of Health, and the like) to present the awards. If the class has been run under the auspice of some or g anisation , then the Chairman or President shou ld be asked to officiat e. Lastly, the class secretary sho uld not consider that his work is completed with the presentation of the awards: many persons a r e lost to the movement because they are not given opportunity to c.ontinu e their training. It may not be possible for them to j oin a Division of the St J ohn Ambulance Brigade , but it is u s uall y possible to competitions or "continuation classes" at which the secretary and other skilled first aiders can give furthe r practical tuition and so prepare the candidates for furtber examinations. These classes can be held in any room; it may even be possible to obtain the loan of a class-room one night every fortnight, or even in the house of one of the member s. No matter where ' they are held , the fact r emains that the enthusiasm of the candidate is kept up and a u sefu l member of the comm:unity i s helped.

«abet jietus

R esiden tial Cours es.-At Barton Harts- Brighton.-The Brighton Cadet Ambuhorne Manor, Buckingham, Residential lanc e Division was recently registered Cadet Officers ' Training Courses mIl be with 19 members. Two further Divisions, held on October 13 to 17, and November 17 the Patcham Cadet Ambulance and Nursto 21. Applications should be n1.ade ing Divisions, will s h ortly be registered thr ough the Lady County Superintendent. mth some 30 members. -229

Guildford. - Recently the Borough of Guildford Corps Cadets competed for a silver cup. The competition was arranged and judged by Lady Supt. Mrs. Henry, the cup being won by the team led by Doreen Gosling. Those present included Lady County Supt. Mrs Thomas, Lady County Officer for Cadets Mrs. Charrington and Lady Corps Supt. Mrs. Quilter. Mrs. Thomas, who presented two profi ciency badges to Cadet Corporals Lorna Houlton and Kathleen Morton, congratulated Lady Cadet Supt. Miss Elmes o.n her hard work, the Jl.'esult of whi ch was so clearly shown in the efficiency of the Cadets.

Boston.-The Cadet Cup, for the most efficient Cadet of the year, was presented to the winner, C. Clift, jun., b y Supt. Enderley, the donor In makin g the presentatiob. Supt. Enderley thanked the boys f o r their e ndeavours and congratulated them on having Cadet Officer Robins at their head The present strength of the Division is now 40.

jolly party was arranged for the members of the Plymouth Ambulance and Nursing Cadet Divisions, at which some 250 were present, including about -90 boys. Winners of the four shields were: Girls, Sherwell Nursing Cadets, runners-up Plymouth Central; Boys, Plymouth Central, with Prince Rock Youth Club and Warran's School tying for second place. T j Supt. A. E. Parkin was the organising secretary for the day, whilst Sergt. W. Packer was the sports organiser and T /S upt A. Atkins charge of the march from the sports field to St. Augustine's Church for the tea and social evening. Lady Corps Supt. Mrs. Hastings, assiste d by officers and members of the Nursing Division, arranged the tea, and Corps Officer C. M. Ball at the evening social, during which Lady County Supt. Mrs. R. Balsdon judged a First Aid Bee bel:ween teams of Ambulance and Nursing Cadets, the boys being the winn.ers. Sports prizes were later presented by County Commissioner H. V. Miller.

Suffol k.-At the sports held by the Suffolk Cadet Nursing DiVisions on August 15, the Bramford and Ipswich contin gents tied for first place. Some 10 dIstricts were represented and the prizes, which were presented by Lady County Supt. Miss Parker, took the form of divisional equipment.

highly satisfactory and gratifying the officers concerned. to

Haslemere. - On August 12, .Lady County Cadet Officer Mrs . Charrington visited Hasleme're to enrol the member s of the newly-form ed Ca.det Division Members of the ·Nursing Division and parents paraded in the garden of Lady Supt. Miss Marrish, and showed great interest in the demonstration of drill , first aid and str.etcher drill given by the girls. The Cadets were in charge of their officers, Acting Cadet Supt. V. Kevan and Acting Officer Irish.

Mrs. Charrington addressed the Cadets and stressed the advantages of the St John training. After reading the form of enrolment Mrs. Charrington presented certificates and badges.

Week-end Course.-The Chief Officer Ambulance Cadets has arr9-n ged a weekend training course to be held at the Royal Hotel, London , on October 3-4 , the object being to present a uniform traimng scheme for new members. Particulars of the course have been circulated to the officers concerned.

Cha1'tge of Name.-It has been decided that in future Boy Cadets will be known as Ambulance Cadets.

R eading.-On August Bank 'Ho liday Monday, 200 members of Cadet Divisions attached to the Reading Brigade spent an enjoyable time at Southcote "Farm as guests of the Entertainment Committee of the Greyfriars Voluntary Fire Watchers , under the l eadership of Mr. and Mrs. A . Preyv. Tea was provided, and games , community singing and sports arranged County Commissioner C. A. Poole presented the prizes, kindly given by the Committee , including a silver cup presented by Mr. G. Mettam and Miss D Prew for the captain of the winnin g tug-of-war team. He thanked th e Greyfriars Committee for their wonderful work in giving the Cadets such a day's pleasur e.

Among those present were Mrs. Pool e. County Officer in charge of Girl Cadets , Corps Supt. J. Winterbourne and Mrs. Winterbourne, Mr. and Mrs. H. T. Ayrton, Master and Matron of the St . Andrew's Home for Boys, and officers of the Cadet Divisions.

HONOUR

The Chief Commissioner has been advised that Supt. John Shaw, Belfast Electric Power Station Division, has been Displays were also given by Cadets in appointed an additional'IDember of the First Aid, Home Nursing, Child \Velfare, Civil Division of the Most Excellent Orde r Fire Fighting and Signalling. of the British Empire in recognition of Penzance. - Twenty-eight boys out of exemplary conduct on the night of 29 were successful at the . recent pre- May 4-5 , 1941, during a heavy enemy air liminary examination, rUie outcome being attack on Belfast Electric Power Station . 230

Vtbt J obn 18rtgabe

HEADQUARTER NOTES she enrolled in the Post Office Nursing Rank Badges.-The following rank Division, which was later known as the l badges are approved :_ .. No. 28 Civil Service Nursing Division. In Silver Crown and three Stars.-Dlstnct August of the same year she became the o r County Commissioners Lady Divisional Superintendent, a position Silver Crown and two Stal"s.-District held until Sep temb er, 1925, when she was or Co unty Assistant· Commissioners, Dis- promoted Lady District Officer, Central trict Surgeon, Lady District Superin- Area. On June 24, 1935, Miss Walker was tendent, County Surgeon, Lady County further promoted to the rank of Lady S uperintendent. District Superint endent and since then the Silver Cro wn and one Star.-District or Nursing personnel of the District has Co unty OffiCer, Lady District or County increased many fold due to her untiring Officer. interest and devotion to duty. In addition Silver Crown. - Corps Surgeon, Corps to her divisi onal duties she assisted HeadSuperintendent, Lady Corps Sup erin- quarter staff in a secretarial capacity te ndent. from 1914 to 1918.

Three Silver Stars an d Bar.-Corps For her services she was appointed an' Officer, Lady Corps Officer. Officer (Si ster) of the Order in 1937, Three Silver Stars .-Divisional Surgeon , r eceivin g promotion in 1937 to ComDivisional Superintendent. Lady Divi- mander, and in July of this year she was sio nal Superintendent. elevated to the Grade of Dame. She is T wo Silv er Stars and T.N.- .r. ursing the pr oud possessor of the Service Medal Officer. and two Bars; a l so the M.B.E. which the Two Silv er Stars.-Ambulance Officer, King was pleased to bestow on her last Lady Ambu lance Officer. year. In addition to her Brigade work

T wo Silver Stars and T.-Transport Miss Walker is a member of the City and Offic er. County of London J oint War Organisation

One Silv er Star and Bar a11d C .-Cadet Committee and a member of the London Superintendent. Co unty Council Civil Nursin g Reserve

One Silver Star a nd C.-Cadet Officer. Committee.

Applications may now b e made to the It is the hope of all members of the Sto r es Department, Willey Park, Brig ade that Miss will be spared Broseley, Shropshire. Orders be for many years to carry on her work and dealt with strictly in rotation as supplies that her presence at Brigade functions will be come available. continue.

Unifor m Rationing. Responsible No. 30 (EAST LONDON) DrvrSION.-On officers are r eminded that coupons for the August 4 a meetin g was held at which quarter ended August 31, 1942, are now ]VIrs . Lionel de Roth schild (President) overdue and should be sent immediatel y and Lady Ambulance Officer of No. 76 to the Brigade Office , St. John's Gate, Nursing Division, was present. PreLondon, E.C.l. liminary first ;;tid certificates were pre-

A new schedule came into operation on sented to prospective Cadets for No. Sep tember 1, 1942. Nine coupons only C23 Division. are required for the present year from Supt. Stitcher bade farewell to Private members who enrolled under the annual E. Brodsley, who had been called up, replacement scheme, and full-time mem- and said that he was the 100th member bers requiring initial outfit. Ambulance of the No. 30 Division to b e serving in drivers and A.R.P. first aid personnel still H.M. Forces. surrender 12 coupons but are allowed No. 58 / 5 (VVESTERN POSTAL AND ST. greater concessions MARYL.EBONE) DrvrsION.-On Saturday , District and County Commissioners August 29 , Commissioner Capt. W. have been advised and all Divisions will Goodley, O.B.E., M.C., opened the new be circulated with the annual return training headquarters at 30, Gloucester fo rms. P lace, W.l. JYIr. Davies (Postmaster and

No. 1 (PRINCE OF WALES'S ) DISTRICT

The resignation of Miss A. M. Walker as Lady District Superintendent took effec t from July 31. She will, howev er, rema in Qn th e District staff' as Lady District Superintendent, supernumerary to establishment.

Miss vValke; has been an active member of the Brigade since May 27 , 1914, when

Divisional President) presided, being s upp orted by A ld Stiles Allen (vicepresid e nt), Lady District Supt. Miss vValker , Assistant Commissioner Capt. R. V. Steel e, County Surgeon B. L. Steele , Div. Surgeons Scott and Goller, and many others. The Commissioner inspected a Gi.1ard of Honour composed of men of the 58 /5 Division and Nurses of the No. 115 Division Mr. Davies referred to the acquisition 231

of the new premises, following which Capt. Goodley declared the premises officially opened. He spoke of the good work canied out by the Division and to the fact that of a membership of over 300 some 127 were serving with H.M. Forces. During the life of the Division, which was registered in 1931, an average of 800 public duties had been carried out each year.

Ald. Stiles Allen proposed a vote of thanks to the Commissioner for his encouragement'; whilst Supt. Allen referred to the fact that the new headquarters would, he hoped, be ' used by all divisions in the St. Marylebone area . A lot of work had been done to make the premises usable, for which thanks were due to members.

STANMORE.-Some 60 members of Stanmore First Aid Association spent an enjoyable and instructive evening on August 10, when District Staff Officer E. T: Milburn spoke on Methods." Mr. F. E. Stallard, chief instructor to the Association, thanked Mr. Milburn for coming at short notice.

Ambulance Officer K. Stallard, of the Stanmore Section, announced that a Course of lectures on Home Nursing would commence on October 5.

o. 109 AMBULANCE AND No. 102 NURSING DIVISIONs.-On August 15

Lady Louis Mountbatten, Lady Superintendent-in-Chief, opened a fete organised by these two , divisions in the grounds of Grove Lodge" Muswell Hill, . kindly loaned by the B.RC.S. Capt. \lif. Goodley, Commissioner, presided at the opening ceremony and introduced Lady Louis, who, he said, was an enthusiastic worker and had the admiration of all with whom she had come into contact.

Lady Louis xpressed her pleasure to be present and to see so many members of the B.RC.S. also present. She thanked the organisers of the fete which had given her an opportunity of meeting the Hornsey Ambulance, Nursing and Cadet Divisions. All these had excellent records of serviee, although comparatively young divisions.

Among those present was Marchioness Willingdon (President, Middlesex S.J.A.B.), who proposed a vote of·thanks to Lady Louis, this being seconde,d by Capt. L. D. Gammans, M.P.; the Mayor of Hornsey (Ald. H. \lifilliams), who proposed a vote of thanks to the chairman, which Dr. R P. Garrow (M.O.If.) supported; Assistant Commissioner Capt. Steel, County Surgeon Basil Steele, Lady Symonds (President, Middlesex B.RC.S.), Miss M. Gill (President, 102 N. Division), Lady District S,upt. Miss Walker, Corps Supt , \lifells, Div. Supt. H, J. D. Wedd, Lady Amb. Officer Miss A. E. Hurrell,

also ,many staff officers of the Brigade and B.RC.S.

The attractions were many and varied. A Cadet display was expertly performed under the direction of Lady Cadet Officer Miss K. Birkett.

No.2 DISTRICT

BUCKINGHAMSHIRE,-According to th e annual report of the Joint War Organisation the Brigade personnel increased by 143 women and 56 men during 1941 , the total number now being 1,770 with an A.RP. Reserve of 135. The report sets out the work done by the J.W.O. in the county, including the Motor Ambulance Service, which last year carried over 8,000 patients and travelled nearly 160,000 miles. The four convalescent homes have 159 beds available whilst the VITounded , Missing and Relatives' Committee assisted 473 relativ e during the year.

AYLESBURY. - Lady County Officer Mis s G. Savory recently inspected the Aylesbury Nursing Division 1J.nder Lady Supt. Miss N. M. Sale, and Aylesbury Cadet Division under Lady Cadet Officer Mis s M. C. Sale.

July 12 officers and members of the Bucking ham Nursin g Division, together with A.RP. auxiliaries, assembled to meet the Lady County Vice-President, Viscountess Dawson of Penn and Lady County Officer Miss G . R. Savory. Lady Dawson congratulated the members on their work, remarkin g that it was an honour to share in the work of the Order and the Brigade, BOURNEMOuTH.-On Saturday, Augu s t 22 , Lady Louis Mountbatten, Lady Superintendent-in-Chief, formally opened the Hahnemann Convalescent Home a s an auxiliary hospital of the Joint 'War Organisation.

Commissioner Major Tennyson-Smith presided at the meeting supported by Assistant Commissioner Capt. J. A . Coghlan. Others present included th e Mayor and Mayoress of Bournemouth (Ald. J. J. Empson and Mrs, Empson) , th e Viscountess Lymington, Lady the Hon. Mrs. Stuart \lifortley , Sir Robert Archibald (Group Hospital Officer) , General Barnsley (Assistant Director of Medical Supplies, Southern Command) , Major-General Sir Richard Lee, County Surgeon F. Bottomley, County Officers W. L. Brett and G. Holt, Lady County Officers Miss Agar, the Hon. Mrs. Cubitt, Miss H. Greves, Miss D. Hayes, Mrs. Leonard, and others.

The County Commissioner congratulated Lady Louis on her new appointm.ent and expressed gratification that she wa s still retaining her position as President of Hampshire County. The- new hospital , which was to be staffed entirely by 232

The superiority of Electrolytic Sodium Hypochlorite as a therapeutic agent

Recent work has shown that the irrigation of wounds, burns and ulcers with Milton, the stable brand of electrolytic sodium hypochlorite, produces more rapid and thorough healing than would be expected from the use of the hypochlorite solutions prepared by chemical methods, with a corresponding freedom, moreover, from the irritating effects so often produced by the latter products.

ITS PROTEOLYTIC ACTION

The" powerful proteolytic action" of the hypochlorites (I), so essential in the cleansing of the wound area, is possessed by electrolytic hypochlorite to very little less degree than by the more irritant chemically prepared hypochlorites (2). In the envelope method of treatment, the initial cleansing (3) by hosing with 20 per cent. Millon solution, before the envelope is applied, obtains the full effect of this proteolytic action. Subsequent irrigations with a weaker solution of 5 per cent. or less, are adequate in maintaining this solvent action.

ITS INNOCUOUSNESS TO LIVING TISSUE

Carrel and Dehelly first noted that electrolytic hypochlorite solutions were less irritating to living tissues than chemically prepared Dakin's solution (4). Lack of stability, however, was the main disadvantage which limited their clinical application. This defect has since been overcome by the production of Milton, the stable brand of electrolytic hypochlorite. It is the combination of stability with lack of irritant action on living tissue, unobtainable so far in any other hypochlorite, which has resulted in Milton becoming the standard electrolytic sodium hypochlorite for irrigation treatment.

ITS NON-CAUSTIC ALKALINITY

Recent independent tests have shown that the pH of Milton is 10.70; of Milton diluted to 5 per cent. with tap water (i.e., diluted 20 times) is 8.89 and A1ilton diluted to 20 per cent. with tap water (i.e., diluted 5 times) is 9.30. The same investigation indicated that the pH of Dakin's solution B.P, is 11.61 while the pH ofro per cent. Dakin's solution (i.e., diluted 10 times with tap water) is 10.64. It

should be noted that 5 per cent. Milton has approximately the same content of available chlorine as 10 per cent. Dakin's solution, whereas thepH values of the dilutions are respectively 8.89 and 10.64. Therefore the dilution of j\t[iiton in common use for irrigation is far less alkaline th a n the c;orresponding dilution of Dakin's solution.

ITS HARMLESS RESIDUE

After iti functions have been effected, Milton is reduced for all practical purposes to a simple harmless residue of salt and water. Milton, because of its sodium chloride content, combines the properties of a saline SOlutiCll with those of an effective germicide. A 5 per cent. Milton solution is isotonic with regard to sodium chloride.

ITS PROMOTION OF HEALING

Recent clinical work has clearly established the actionl.of lvfilton in promoting healing when applied by means of Stanntrd Irrigation Envelopes. In most cases, the rate of healing has been strikingly rapid (5).

Not least significant in treatment of wounds by envelope irrigation witll i\t[ilton is the freedom throughout from pain, a point emphasized by all writers on the subject. One comments, "painthis is virtually absent" (6), while another states that in 27 cases of burns so treated "the relief of pain was remarkable" (7).

Those interested in treatment by irrigation with lv/ilion are invited to write to the Professional Depal·tment of IVlilton Antisep tic Limited, John Milton House, London, N.7, for full information.

REFERENCES :-( I) Lisl er Memorial Lecture, 1939, Brit. Med, Journal, April IS, 1939, p. 762. (2) The Treatment of Infected Wounds (1918 edition) , Carrel and Dehel/y, p. 25. (3) The Treatment of Burns alld Wounds by the Envelop e /Vfethod, Bn'lish Medical Journal, July- IS, 1941, p. 3. (4) The Treatment of Infected Wounds (1918 edition), p. 24. (5) Medical Press & Circular, July 30, 1941, p. 107. (6) Britlsh Medical Journal, July 12, 1941, p. 47. (7) British Medical Journal, July 5 , 1941 , p. 8

MILTON, the stable brand of Electrolytic Sodium Hypochlor'ite, non-caustic and of standard strength (1%)

Brigade personnel, mostly from the Bournemouth Nursing was already equipped with 32 beds.

Lady Louis spoke of the pleasure it had been to receive so nluch loyalty during the three years she had been County President. Thanking all those who had been associated in the opening at the hospital , Lady -Lo.uis referred to Major Tennyson-Smith as the inspiring figure in the She wished the hospIta1 all pOSSIble luck and success.

Lord Croft, Joint Parliamentary Secretary to the 1VIinister of "'lar, and Lady Croft have lent their home in Bournemouth, The Knole , rent fr e e for a residential nursery. On August 15, Lady Croft, ,;o,1 ho is president of the Bournemouth Nursing Divisions, formally opened the nursery. She expressed h er ple as ure that the Order of St. John was undertaking the important work, on behalf of the Ministry of Health, and that it would be staffed by members of the Brigade. In handing over her home to such friendly hands she wished all concerned "Godspeed." .

County Commissioner TennysonSmith .presided at the opening ceremony, and mentioned that there was accommodation in the residential nursery for 37 children a nd staff. It was due to th e ge ner o u s action of L o rd and Lady Croft that they were able to assist the Ministry of Health in this work. They owed th em a debt of gratitude for all they had don e.

OXFoRD.-During the week ended July 11, the two cars, with two drivers, of the Oxford Corps Transport Se rVice, travelled 2,000 miles.

No.3 (EASTERN) DISTRICT . LEIGESTER.-On the invitation of Lady Zia Wernher, County President, Lady Louis Mountbatten , Lady Superintendentin-Chief, honoured Leicester, with a visit as chief spe aker at a mass me eting held to inau gurate the Red Cross and St. John Appeal Week for the County of Leices ter.

Before the meetin g Lady Louis, accompanied by the Duchess 0f Rutland, President B.R.C.S ., Lady Zia Wernher, alld others, inspected a Guard of Honour of St. John and Red Cross nurses who were in charge of Corps Supt. Miss Allen and Command a nt Miss Walker.

Sir Arthur Hazelrigg (Lord Lieutenant of the County and chairman of the W a r Organisation Committee for Leicest ershire) presided at the meeting, supported by the Lord Mayor (Miss Councillor Frisby) and the Lady Mayoress, the two presidents, the Lord Bishop of Leicester, County Commissioner G. F. Browne , Vice-President Lady Oliver, and many leading representatives of the Leicestershire War Organisation Committee.

A presentation of CoL Kin g 's" Knights

234

of St. John" was made to Lady Louis Mountbatten by Nursin g Cadet Sheila Thompson and to Sir Charles Wilson, President of the Royal College of Physicians, by Cadet Sergt. Vietor Smith.

A ch eq ue for £465, proceeds of two concerts gi ven by the Industrial Worker s, was handed to Lady Louis for the Appeal' '\iVe ek, which she graci o usly a ckn owled ged

The Lady Superintendent-in-Chief thrilled her audience with a most inter estin g address on her recent tour in America and Canada. She congratulated ' the County of Leicester on havin g c o ntributed £77,000 to the Duk e of Gloucest e r's Fund, and referr e d to the zeal and enthusiasm displayed by Lady Zi a Wernher since her a ppointm ent to the Brigade.

The foll owin g morning the formal opening was performed b y Lady L ouis in the r estaurant of L ewis's Stores. On thi s occasion a cheque for £1, 000 from Mrs. S. B. Livin gstone was handed to the Lady Superintendent-in-Chief.

MELTON MOWBRAY. - The annual inspection of the Melton and District ,Ambulance and Nursing Divisions was carried out by County Commissio n er G. F. Browne, Lady Zia Wernher (County President), County Officer Mrs. Symington, Div. President Mrs. Dawson . Div. S ur geon G. S. A. Bishop was in charge of the men, assisted by Amb . Officer W. J Foster, who, it wa s announced had b een admitted to th e Order in the grade of Serving Brother The Nursing Div ision was in charge of Div Surgeon M. C. Elliot, Lady S up t Mrs. Watson, and Amb. Officer Mi ss Foster.

Lady Zia pre$ented Corporal Rae with the" Sir Linds ay Ev erard" Cup for th e best individual first aid member of th e Division for the year.

LEICESTER.-The annual inspection of the Gipsy Lan e Division was held on August 16, when County Commissioner G. F. Browne was welcomed by the Di v. President, Mr. L. lVIill er, s upported b y Mr. Morton, the vi ce-p resident 1\1r. Browne expressed hi s pleasure · a t being present and congratulated th e office r s and men on their smart appearance. He emphasised the imp ortance o f obtaining new m ember s, both men an d women, and ur ge d tha t more lad s shoul d be encouraged t o join the mov em e n t H e pres ented the Division's efficiency cu p to Private Henfrey and congratulated hi m on his success.

No.4 (LANCASHIRE) DISTRICT

PRESTON. - On Au g ust 2 the PJ;eston Co rps was honoured by a visit from th e Lady Superintendent-in -Chief, was accompanied by Commissioner "0/ G (Continued on page 238)

Essentia 1 knowledge to treat suc-eessfuHy ALL possible injuries

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The shock felt by the who le country on the tragic new s of the death of H.R H. the Duke of Kent on active service is shared in deepest measure by a ll members of the Priory for "Wales , which has ben efited by His · Royal Hig hnes s's gracious influence and personal association as Prior sinc e 1936, when he succeeded King Edward V III who, as Prince of Wales, held the office fr om the inc eption o f the Priory.

Priory memb ers enjoyed sevel'al oppo rt un,ities of demonstratin g l oyal greetin gs to Hi s Ro yal Higness , who was accorded a most enthusiastic welcome on the occasion of his first visit as Prior on November 6, 1936, when, in addition to conducting an In vestiture at General Assembly, he atte nd ed a Ball organised by th e City of Cardiff- Centr e.

In the follm'Ving year the Prior presided at the annual me etin g of Chapter on October 20, in the cou r se of a two days' visit with H.R.H. the Duchess of K ent , who .Ijl1-ade her fi r st app earance in the uniform of the Lad y Superintendent-inChief for Wales; and Priory funds benefited to the exten t of £1,000 from the proceeds of a ball attended by Th eir Royal Highnesses.

In the more strenuous days of war, the Priory was again hon ou r ed in the course of a surprise visit to Cardiff on October 9 , when ·His Royal Highness made a tour of the departments at Priory House.

The La dy Superintendent-in-Chief for Wales has the heartfelt sympathy of officers and all ranks of the , Brigade in ' iVales in her irreparable l oss. .

CENTRE REPORTS

GLAMORGAN CENTRE.-The followin g instance of particularly commendabl e First Aid is brought to notice by the Secretary of Taibach and Port Talbot Division. At 3 a.m. o n Saturd9-Y, August 1, a serious outbreak of fire occurr ed at No. 1, Carlos Street, Port Talbot. Th er e were six people resid ent in the hou se, two women and four chi ldren. The husband of one woman was on fi r e -watching duty at his place of work, and the husband of the second woman is a ser vice m ember of H.M. Forces The women and chi l dre n were resc ued by> neighbours, and Private H. G L ewis, who liv es close by, was call ed upon to attend the injured persons. The victims nu mbe r ed three persons, o ne woman being sever ely burned, one child suffering from burns and shoc k and one child fro!Il asphyxia. Private Lewis, after rapid examination of patients at onc e

ance and concentrated his efforts on the child .suffering from asphyxia, the woman suffering from th e burns being attended by a nurse and th e oth er chil d by an exmember of the Division. Private H. G. Lewis persevered with a special meth od of artificial respiration , assisted by hi s wife, and was r ewarded b y th e r esumpti on of natural breathing at the expiration of 35 minute s He then proceeded to giv e assistance in the ot her two cases. Dr. D. H. Isaac commende·d the work don e prior to his arrival and ordered the patients to hospital , where they are makin g good progress.

CARMARTHENSHIRE CENTRE.-The new s of the death, which occurred on August 4 , of Mis s Evel yn George Harries, an officer (Sister) of the Order a nd County Officer in th e Brigade, was r eceived with deep regret by a ll who knew her.

Miss Harries , who had r esigned owing to failing health , the headship of Morfa Girl s' School, Llanelly, on l y a month before her death, was well known through out the county for her ambulance activities. She raised , in 1935 , the fir st St. J ohn Voluntary Aiel Detachment registered in Carmarthenshire, and for many year s befo r e the war ,,"as tirele ss in her energies to promote the study of anti-gas among t he Brigade and th e general public. Durin g the Great War , Miss Harries gave considerab l e voluntar y service at Auxiliary Servic e Hospital. Her devotion to ambulanc e work was fir st recognised in 19 25, when she was admitted to the Order in th e g rade of Ser ving Sister; and in 1937 sh e r eceived well- meri ted promotion to th e g rade of Officer.

The Commissioner, Mr. E; D. Jon es , arran ge d a Memori al Service at the Headquarters of th e Llanell y Division on S unda y, August 9 , when officers and member s attencled in uniform, together with representative units of Civi l D efenc e workers. The service was conducted b y the Rev. D. I s h vyn Lewis, B.A., curate of St. A lb an's Church, who was a co-worke r with Miss Harries at the Mining Institu t e First Aid Post

MONMOUTHSHIRE CENTRE.-There wa . a good attendance at the a nnu a l meetin g of Monmouthshire Centre of the Pri ory held at th e Ambu lance Hall , Abergavenny. Sir J ohn W. Beynon, Bart ., C.B.E. (county chairman) presided, an d was supported by Sir Leonard and Lad y Twiston Davies, Lady Mather J ackso n (Lady Co unty President), and Lad y Herbert and other members of th e COD1 -

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mittee and officers. Regret was expressed at the resignation of Mr. R Wilso.n Bartlett, J.P., as county chairman, .hlS good wOFk oveF a number of years bel.ng much appreciated. It was noted wIth pleasure that Sir John B.eynon had been appointed to fill that pOSltlon. Mr. H. J. Smith, M.E., of Pontypool, has been appointed County Treasurer in succession to Mr. P. T. Jenkins, resigned. At the recent presentation of awards to Tredegar Cadet Nursing Division, the President, Mrs G K. Woolley, gave an example of the practical help off ered by one of ·the members when an accident occurred in the town and showed how the training received had enabled a Cc:det member to act with great presence of milld. Before the presentation nearly 100 girl cadets formed a guard of honour and were inspected by Mrs. Woolley, who was accompanied by her husband, Mr. W. D. Woolley, J.P., an officer of the Order and member of the Ambulance Committee of the Priory, Captain S. T. Beard, O.B .E. (County Commissioner), and Lady Staff Officer Mrs. Hughes. Captain Beard urged the cadets to keep up their numbers. He stressed that the training received by girl cadets would be a great help to them in entering a number of professions. Nursing Cadet Beryl Jones presented a bouqu et to Mrs. Woolley, other Cadets contributing to a programme of entertainment.

RHONDDA CENTRE.-In dealing with a Service Medal application on behalf of a Rhondda Brigade member who was mobilised on the outbreak of war as a Military Hospital Reservist, the Commissioner, Captain T. E. Richards, J .P. , has received a letter from Major N. W. Hammer, ' RA.M.C. , No. 8 Motor Ambulance Convoy. An extract is below which Captain Richards feels IS. a testimonial to the ambulance members ill the Rhondda: "It is my experience that St. John men do well in the RA.M.C. ap.d I note that all the members of the Cwmparc Division are now serving in this Corps. Your name is well. known to me through the St. John an.d I h<;Jpe ?ne to have the pleasu re of meeting you.

BRIGADE REPORTS-continued from page 234.

Smith and Assistant Commissioner Gastall.

Lady Louis Mountbatten first representativ es of the Ambulance DlvlsIOn under the command of Corps Supt. Capt. E. F. Millington.

Headed by a Colour Party, commanded by Corps Treasurer J. Hod gkinson, Lady Louis proceeded to the Assembly Rooms, where a Guard of Honour of Girl Cadets paraded, too-ether with over 100 officers and of Nursing Divisions.

The" Mayor and Mayoress welcomed

Lady Louis and congratulated her on he r Flew appointment. Lady Louis, in repl y , said the work done for many years i n Preston and the devoted service of th e Ambulance and Nursing Divisions was appreciated at Headquarters. Referrin g to the Cadets, she said that they were th e Brigade of the future, and that they wer e going to carry oIJ. the highest traditio ns of the Order.

Lady Corps Supt. Miss M. R Moore an d Lady Corps Officer Miss J Eccles were in charge of the Nursing Divisions. No. 8 (DUKE OF CONNAUGHT' S ) . DISTRICT

CRAwLEY.-The annual insp ection of Nursing Division was hel d on .August 15, when Lady County Supt. Miss D L Hubbard, acc.ompanied b y Lady County President the Countess ot Bessborough, Lady County Officer Mr s A. P. Scott and Lady County Officer fOjI" Cadets Miss Trill, ·the inspectin r; officer.

Miss Hubbard complimented th{ Division on the smartness and of uniform and on the high standard of their work.

The Countess of Bessborough co ngratulated the nurses on their work an d thanked them for the services render e Q at the F.A. Post and elsewhere since t h e outbreak of the war.

The parade was under the command Ol Lady Div. Supt. Miss P. RRC., supported by Nursing Offic er Miss Bellett (Matron, Crawley and D is· trict Hospital) and Lady Amb. Offic er Miss A. Sturt.

' MAIDsTONE.-Members of the Nursin g Divisions from all parts of Kent had th e honour of bein g inspected by Lady Lo u s Mountbatten, Lady Superintendent-iTChief, who was accompanied by Ladv Violet Astor, President of the County (:1 Kent Nursing Divisions. There w ere many visitors present, including t he Mayor and Mayoress (Ald. · Sir Garrard and Lady Tyrwhitt-Drake), Assistant Commi-ssioner J. H. Day, Col. Pye Oliv er, County Controller, Kent, V.A.D.

Lady County Supt. Mrs. Falwasser w as in charge of the parade, assisted bv members of the Cdunty Staff, and a smart appearance the nurses made on parade.

After the insp ection had been C0 l:'lpleted Lady Loui s witnessed work played by the nurses and cadets, followmg which she addressed the parade and c ongratulated them on the work they doing and which had been amplifi ed during air raids.

Lady Violet Astor expressed her ciation of the great honour Lady Lo Uls Mountbatten had conferred upon th em by coming to Maidstone.

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INTERESTING CASE REPORTS

CASE REPORT Nc. 209 .-The Offioer-inCharge of th e County of Lancashire

S.] .A.B. reports the efficient performance of first a id by members of the Morecambe Division in the foll owi n g circumstances :-

On Friday, May 29, Privates J \N". Bell and H. Bou lt we r e called to render first aid to a person injured on a well-known Morecambe Fairground. On a rrival they found a 'l ady who had sustain ed an extensive injury to t h e right foot (which was practically sever ed from the an kle) together with other minor injuries. were obtain ed from the Municipal Ambulance which accompanied the first aiders, and they imm ediately took steps to control hcemorrhage and th en to place the foot in as n atura l a position as possible, with the aid of splints, bandages; etc. Within ten minutes of receiving the call, the patient was in Queen Victoria Hosp it al, t h e immediate attention by the hospital staff res ult ed i n the foot being saved The doctor who r eceived the casualty at th e hospital said that the first aid treatment was exce ll ent , and inferred that through it the savin g o f th e foot had been rendered easi er.

COMMENT.-The facts being as stated, it only remai1'ts to t endej' cordial congratulations to P rivates Bell and Boult on good work, we ll done -N.C.F.

CASE R EPORT No 210.-The Officer-inChar ge of the Co'unty o f Gloucester S.J .A.B. r eports the efficient assistance r endered by memb er s of the Cheltenham Spa Division in the follo w in g circumstances :-

Returning from a public d uty at 10.30 p.m. on July 1, Co rporal G \ iViddows and Private J Heaton were asked if th ey could give assistance to a woman who

ha d gi ven birth to a ch ild in a near-by h o u se. They imm ediatel y. offered their servi ces, . and wer e s h ovyn into a room. where a very worried patient was in charge of a young WOl11.an who had no id ea what to do.

. Co rp oral \lViddows at once informed the. patient that they had received instruction in midwifery and so was ab l e to console h er and to gain h er confidence. They found that the chil d was born but that the co rd had b ecome torn and "vas sever ed close t o mother. Deci d in g that the c hil d must receive first attenti on they tied the cord with an inch bandage and during this handling the child began to cry So they wrapped it in a towel and p laced it at the foot of the bed whilst the mother r eceiv ed attention. \ iVith some diffi.cu lty o·wing to the sho rtness of the po rti on exposed , the cord was tied and gentle pressure after wards app lied to the lower part of the abdomen to assist the expu lsion of the afterbirth and control the h cem orrhage. At this point the doctor a rri ved a nd took over the case. It has since been ascertained that both mother and child are do in g well, thanks to the timely application of their knowledge b y' these two members of the Bri gade.

COMMENT.-It would appear that the se members did, in fact, j'e11der efficient assista11.Ce on this occasion and meri t cong1'atulations on the successful issue. Nevertheless, a word of warning is 1'tecessary because in such cases delivery. though prec ipitate, is natural and the risks of profuse hcemorrhage are not great, though those of sepsis may be gfavely acc en tuated by iny"udicious interference.-N.C.F.

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

D IL UTION OF BRAN DY

M. D. (Mid l ands).-As a Brigade S urgeon I \vou ld like yo ur ruling on · R ule 2 , p. 176 of the Textbook with reference to the administration of stimulants in the treatment of pru ssic aci d poisoning. It seems t o me that these in structions call for early r evision becau se a n unstate d quantity of brandy, whisky or sal vol ati l e, diluted with an eq ual q uantity of wate r , wou ld result in a draught which on ly a person accustomed t o alcoh ol could drink o r even sip in co mfort f.

Wh ile I agr ee wi th you, i t would appear that the Revision C011'!Jmi ttee does 'not and that it intends t he draught to consist of brandy or sa l vo lati le diluted with equal parts of water. That this is so is eviden t if we tU'JIn to R u le 2 , on p. 134, where , i1't

connection with treatment of bites by rabid animals it tells to give two tablespoons of brandy in a wineglass (namely, fo 'VW tab l espoons) of water O'JI hot black coffee-or in other w01'ds brandy diluted with equal parts of w ater. -N. C. F.

PULSE WITH CONCUSSION OF BRAIN

N. B. (Ip swi ch).- I shou ld be glad if you co uld tell me why in the First Aid Textbook th e pulse for concussion is described as bein g "quick and weak" while comparing it with a N ur si n g Textb OOK it is described as "rather §low."

Both descriptions a1'e cor1'ect. With a severe case of concussion of brain if th e patient is seen by a first aide.r shortly after his accident the pulse wi ll probably be "rapid and weak ." Later, when he ha s been rem oved hom e and placed in his bed, i t may be "rather slow. "-N. C. F. 240

The causes be circulatory, arise from der other svstems; fro o r SinUSitiS ... source, . - palli a tive tre a tmenf is ca lled for . they may They may respirat ory or wh a tever the Ration a l treatment of head a ches must consist largely of the remo h l, where possible, of the dusative f.actor Rapid relief of pain, however, must be achieved in the meantime.

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VOLUME - OF BLOOD IN BODY

D. G. (MilfQrd-on-Sea).-Please tell me what is the proportion or amount of blood in the normal body. I was told \ that the amount was 0.823 of a pint per stone of body weight "rith specific gravity 1.055. Recently, however, it was stated in our class 'that the amount is 5 pints whatever weight of the body. The Textbook is silent on this point and so I ask your kind help.

Your figures are approximately correct, the ave1 age volume of blood being usually given as 10 pints. It is, however, difficult to estimate this exactZy.-N. C. F. TREATMENT OF FRACTURED JAW

D. G. (Milford-on-Sea).-Do you think that the bandage advocated in treatmeIft of a fractured jaw as given in the 1908 edition of the Textbook is more satisfactory and more easy to apply than barrel bandage ?

To me there is little to chose betwee1't the two bandages except that the split of the barrel bandage is more difficult to learn to apply.-N. C. F.

FIRST AID GONE AWRY

W. H. (Northlands).-I recently took part in a competition, al-ranged f.or First Aid Parties, in this area. The work, as seen by our M. O. in charge of the area, was entirely unsatisfactory. It always is. These A.R.P. people do not know how to stage a cofupetition properly! As a

Brigade member with over 32 years' service, I cannot remember anything more ridiculous. That, however, is a mere detail. I was thoroughly disgusted by the remarks of the Gas Officer in his reference as to how we should have dealt with a supposed" phosgene" case. The patient was supposed to have reached the " grey " stage and in the opinion of the Gas Officer he was not worth bothering about! This case, he said, was as good as ready for the mortuary, and should hav e been left. But, being" as good as re ady , does not say that the patient is dead, and we must therefore attempt to do something. We must not presume death has taken place, neither must we presum e that the case is helpless. Miracles have happened before; and I contend that so long as there is a spark of life left, we have time to say a soothing word, or unfasten a button. It is surely better to be able to do this and be tot> late, than to let a patient die in agony without attemptin g something Such treatment is callous; and it almost makes me feel like a potential murderer. A bullet, causing instant death, is more humane. I will never lower myself to adopt such treatment, even if I lose every competition for which I enter, much less when I have to deal with a real case I still retain my human instincts.

Your sen tim ents do y ou credi t; and on all counts I agree wi th you.- . C. F.

ON ACTIVE SERVICE

The County Commissioner for Berkshire regrets to report that Ser g eant P. ,\i'ify att , of 'the Reading S.R. Division, has died of wounds while a prisoner of war.

The County Commissioner for '\iVorcestershire regrets to report that Private A Healey, of the Bromsgrove Division, has died whilst on active service in Libya.

Owing to pressure on space many items have had to be omitted.

-The St. John Ambulance

Its History and its Part in the Ambulance Movement

By N.

CORBET FLETCHER, M.A., M.B., M.R.C.S.

" This btHIk from ,«I" to ,oller is full of informati.n .f Krtluut inter,st tJnd imporlan&e til nm.,.ne in liu Ambu/tJn,e MOlll1T1enl."5,1. Jobn Rmbulance Ga.;ette Price 3/6 Postage 6d.

Stores D.pt. : ST. JOHN'S GATE, LONDON, E.C.l

CLASSIFIED ADVERTrSEMENTS

AdrJlrlisemmtJ witb remittan&e should be sent to tlu St. Yo"" Ambulan&l II/ 13 Bream's BuildingJ, CMn&ny -Lane, London, E.C.4. 2d. per word, minimum 35.

Givinr hints on the 8ug/e, Drum and Flute, also Parade FormatIons, use t1( Parade Cane, Staff. etc., post paid.

(Broken). Po s t flesh hoop. Ready lapped head returned same day received.

Henry POTTER &. Co.

( 36/38 West St., CharlngCrosl Rd. LONDON, W.C.2

SCENT CARDS AND SACHBTS, prinied with your announcements, are splendid money raisers aod show 300% profit. Sampleifreeon,request.-AJlUl7DALE PRESS Bradford.

144 SCENT CARDS, 6/-. 1,000 35/6. Tickets Rubber Stamps.-TlcEs, 11, Oaklands Grove, London, W.12.

EVERYTHING FOR SAFETY EVERYWHERE

, NOVOX' and ' NOVITA' Oxygen + COil or Oxygen RESUSCITATI NG APPARATUS for the apparently asphyxiated or drowned.

SMOKE HELMETS of all Pattern,. 'PROTO' and 'SALVUS' OXYGEN BREATHING APPARATUS

'PURETHA' GAS MASKS for Naval, Military and Industrial purposes and for Civilian use.

ALL A.R.P. EQUIPMENT

DUST and SPRAY MASKS and all other Safety and Protective Devices.

SIEBE, OORMAN & Co., Ltd. LONDON, S.E.I

( j1,(JJ/(J)ttabtfJ ammOJt /It/meltts

and IODINE

Iodine protective and remedial treatment for many complaints -colds ,rheumatism, influe'nza, asthma, hay fever, etc., is dascribed in our new bulletin "The Hygiene of War." A copy will be supplied to nurses and first aid workers on request

IODINE EDUCATIONAL BUREAU, 39, Stone House, Bishopsgate, London, E.C.2

PHYSICIANS' PrOnolln REMEDY

Sold everywhere in tablet or powder form (2 tablets equal 1 powder) 1/ 3 & 3/-. Single dose 2d.

(Prices include Purchase Tax) IT DOES NOT AFFECT THE HEART

18th Edition. Fully Revised. 232nd thousand 313 Illustrations-some coloured 3/6 net. Postage 4d. WARWICK & TUNSTALL'S "FIRST AID"

TO THE INJURED & SICK An AdvancedAmbulance Handboofl Edited by NORMAN HAMMER, Major, Late R.A.M.C., T.A. "FIRST AID" W ALL DIAGRAMS

(Size 2 ft. 2 ins. by 3 ft. 4 ins.)

Adopted by the War Office, Admiralty, British Red Cross Society, etc.

Set of 19 Sheets with roller 63/- net. P-ostage 9d.

Special Set of 6 Sheets for the use of LECTURERS AND A.R.P. CLASSES Comprising Anatomy, Physiology, Haemorrhage. Dislocations and Fractures. Mounted on Linen with roller. 27/6 net. Postage 7d.

JOHN WRIGHT & SONS; LTD. .28 ORCHARD STREET, BRISTOL I

Telephone: PADDINGTON

1001

GARROULD LTOe

Teletram. : GARROULD, LONDON 150-162, EDGWARE ROAD, LONDON, W.2

In order TO OBTAIN UNIFORMS FOR OFFICERS & MEMBERS, an arrangement has· been made between the Board of Trade and the St. John Ambulance Association, particulars of which can be obtained from the Officer in charge.

Uniform by Garrould ensures correct design, high grade materials selected for smartness and hard wear.

PERMIT OR OFFICIAL HEADED PAPER MUST ACCOMPANY EVERY ORDER.

S.J.A. NBW REGULATION APRONS for Ambulance Slaten. Made from hard-wearlng lInen-flnlahed apron cloths. Price Includea cro,.. Walse: 16, 28, 30 or 32 In. Length.: 26, 28, JO, n In. 6/6

Wal.ts : 34. lencth. : 26,28, 30, 12ln. 7/6

Waist: 37 In., 1/11

S.J.A. NEW REGULATION COAT

Cut and tailored from fully ahrunk and showerproofed materlal, half lined with grey Italian cloth. Prlc Include button ••

An official order for H.a. to .upply u. with badges and button. must be aent with every order. Women'a Sizes 90/O.S. 95/6 Ix. 0.1. lOS/STOCK SIZES-Women'. :

Bust : 32,32,33,34,35,36,36,36,17,J8,J8,39

19th.: 44,46,44,46,45,44,46,48,47,46,48,48

O.S. 40, 40, 40, 42 X.O.S. 44, 46 46, 41, SO, 48 '48, '48

S.J.A. REGULATION HAT for Officen Fur Felt, 29/6 and Wool Felt, 19/11, Ambulance Slaten, Felt, 16/11. Badge. are only obtainable from H.Q. Sizel: 6,,61, 6t, 61,7,71, 7l, 7t. Storm Cap 13/6.

NEW RECJULATIO"! ORISI for Ambulance Sisten. Mad. from good quality Sanforized - Shrunk wuhlng material.

Bodice unlined, Women's 21/6

Bodice lined, Women's 24/6

OFF DUTY ORESSIS

In Grey Matalaln. Wm's Made to Measur. Wm's In Grey lystav Women's

STOCK SIZES (Women's) : 59/11 6'7/J5/-

Bust : 34, 34, 36, 36, 36, 38, 38, '8; 18 Waist: 26, 26, 28. 28, 28, 30, 30, 31, aI Skirt: 28, 30, 28, 30, 32, 30, 32, 30, '2

PRICES OF ' OFFICERS' UNIFORMS AND OTHER ITEMS NOT MENTIONED IN THIS ADVERTISEMENT SENT POST FREE

All prices are liable to advance without notice

'REGULATION CAP for Ambulanc. Sisters, 27 by 18 ins. or 28 by 19 Ins., 1/8

REGULATION CAPE.-Made in regulation grey cloth, lined with all wool red flannel, 42/-

NUMERALS

OBTAINABLE FROM HEADQUARTERS ONLY

t£3e <bfficiaf of tf3e <Bran'b ttl t£3e (Beafm of t£3t Q;leneraBfe Vrber of f6e of !St .106n of .1erusaftm

VOL. 15. No. 10 OCTOBER, 1942 PlUCE 3d.

CONTENTS:

EDITORIAL

PRISO N ER OF WAR

PHYSIOLOGY IN FIRST AID

THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRIGADE OVERSEAS

CIVIL DEFENCE SERVICES

FIRST AID AT FIRST HAND

AWARDS FOR GALLANTRY

A MESSAGE FROM H.M. THE QUEEN

THE IDEAL LECTURER

CADET NEWS

THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRIGADE A T-HOME ON ACTIVE SERVICE

POLICE AMBULANCE NEWS

PRIORY FOR WALES

OBITUARY

INTERESTING CASE REPORTS

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

EDITORIAL OFFICES:

ST. JOHN'S GATE, LONDON, E.C . l. (All reports, etc., should reach the Editor not later than the 28th of the month.)

PUBLISHING OFFICES: 11-13

NURSING in wartime, even more than under normal conditions, emphasises the need for a perfect form of concentrated nourishment.

!he majority of patients on t? hospital are acutely III have undergone a penod of hIgh nervous tension. E.xpenence has that administration of an easily dIgested and readily acceptable form of nourishment is followed by definite improvement in the patient's condition.

For this both as an emergency measure and as a routme, 'Ovaltine' is Qutstandingly effective. The nutntIve and energising constituents of 'Ovaltine' are rapidly: relieving "hunger feeling" and, at the same tIme, allaymg nervous tension in a most helpful manner. .

, Ovaltine ' possesses many advantages. It is a food concencontai?ing the vitamins A, B complex and D, and Mo.reover,' Ovaltine ' possesses whIch make milk more digestible, and thus easIly asslmilated even in the most serious cases.

Now,. as in (Ovaltine' is widely used in the hospItal serV:lce b?th at and overseas. Supplies available to hOSPItalS m speCIal packings and at special pnces.

Write jar details to: A. WANDER, LTD ., 184, Queen's Gate, London, S.W .7

t13e 3'ournaf of t13e \priorB in t13e OOrifis13 (Reafm of Q?tntra6ft of tOe U)ost'itaf of 3'o13n of c1eruso.fem

Edited by GEORGE E. CRAFT, F.R.S.A.

VOL. 15. No. 10 OCTOBER, 1942

EDITORIAL

The Cadet movement, according to figures for the first eight months of this year , is growing steadily Thousands of boys and girls have been attracted to the service and there is every possibility that the 1941 membership of 18,061 will be doubled by the end of the present year. Although this will be an ex cellent effort, it is not enough.

There are still too many areas where the formation of Cadet divisions has no t been attempted. This may be due to various local circumstances , but in many instances it is due to the fact that the question has not been considered no r discussed by the Senior Division. The call for knowledge in first aid, home n ursing and kindred subjects is still an urgent problem among the adolescent. The boys and girls of to-day are out to gain knowledge, and if that knowledge will be of service to them throughout their lifetime, and not just whilst hostilities are in being, then the urge to learn is much greater.

The Cadet movement has one great disadvantage over certain Go v ernment sponsored youth organisations, such as th e Air Training Cadets, in s o far as coupon-free uniforms are not provided, n e ither are uniforms provided free of charge. We cannot hope to compete with such generosity, but we can compete (if c ompete is the correct word) with the usefulness of the instructions imparted t o our cadets. Considered from a rational point of view, are uniforms absolutely necessary? Admittedly, the boy or girl who joins an organisation loves to wear a uniform; but did the Good Samaritan go about in clothing other than that worn every day? Although it might not be possible to obtain full uniforms for the cadets there are many items which can be obtained which do not require coupons. Do not let the question of uniforms stand in the way of the formation of a division. It should be the aim of all adult divisions to have a complete St. John (/ family "-an Ambulance Division, a Nursing Division, an Ambulan c e Cadet Division and a Nursing Cadet Division-in their own locality. There are some who have already achieved this: there are many more w110 could achieve it if they only tried.

Prisoner of War

Private Athol Vernon Dean, who before the war was a Cadet officer in New Zealand, from a prisoner of war camp in Italy asking for letters from colleagues of the Bngade in England. His full address is: Private 42497 A. V. Dean, Hut 42, Campo Concentramento, per P.G N.O 52, P.M 3100, Italy, and he would appreciate any correspondence.

PHYSIOLOGY IN FIRST AID

By M. MI. Scott,' M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P.

(M ember of the Textbook Revision Committee and Divisional Surgeon,

S,J.A.B.)

THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

(Continued from page 227, September, 1942, iss ue )

The Mechan i sm of Respiration

The alternate enlargement and diminution in the size of the chest cavity during the movements of respiration automatically result in the air being taken into and then expelled from the lungs. The lungs are normally in contact with the chest wall because the pressure within them is atmospheric, so that when the chest and contracts, the lungs do likewise.

dominal organs against the under surface of the diaphragm, thereby forcing it upwards, and thus driving air out of the chest.

The Nervous Control of Respi ration

Respiration, although normally spontaneous and rhythmic , is under th e control of the brain, the responsible portion of which is known as th e Respiratory Centre The respiratory centre is influenced by the amount of oxygen and carbon dioxide in th e blood, nervous impulses reaching i t ]V[uscles of Respi ra tio n from other parts of the body, and Unless the breathing is forced, finally the amount of blood in th e normal Inspiration is due to the action brain itself. of the Diaphragm, and the Intercostal Increase of carbon dioxide in th e Muscles, which are situated between blood (as in exercise) s timulates th e the ribs; whereas Expiration is due respiratory centre, whereas conversely , to the elasticity of the lungs and chest a decrease has precisely the opposite wall, so that no muscular effort is effect. The effects of nervous iminvolved. The most important muscle pulses, as in emotional disturbanc e , of respiration is the Diaphragm, a are commonly appreciated; while dome-shaped muscular partition divid- cutting off the blood supply to th e ing the thorax from the abdomen, brain leads to respiratory failure. with its convexity towards the thorax. The Rate and Rhythm of R espiration

The centre of the diaphragm is The average rate of inspiration is tendinous, and when the muscle con- approximately fifteen to eighteen times tracts this central portion is drawn per minute, each normal respiration towards the abdomen, thereby en- being composed of an inspiration , a larging, the cubic capacity of the chest slighter shorter expiration, followed b y from above downwards. a pause which is succeeded by the next

The Intercostal Muscles exert their inspiration. There normally is n o action on the ribs. The ribs articulate pause between inspiration and exwith the twelve thorar.:ic vertebrae piration. The rate is increased durin g behind, and in front (with the excep- exercise and emotion, and decreased tion of the two lower) are attached during sleep, and unless there is directly or indirectly by cartilage to disease of the respiratory system, th e the sternum. In the expiratory proportion of respiration rate to puls e position the ribs incline downwards rate is one to four or five. and forwards from behind. During Differences bet ween I nspired ari d inspiration, by the action of the Expired Air

External Intercostal Muscles, they are The following composition table will raised forwards and upwards, so that demonstrate the more important differthe cubic capacity of the chest is ences:thereby increased from front to back. Expiration, tho1,1gh normally passive, may be assisted by the action of the Internal Intercostal Muscles; and by the abdominal wall muscles which by their contraction, compress the ab-

Amounts of Air Respired

The average volume of air inspired or expired at each respiration is approximately 500 cubic centimetres, and since this amount flows in and out, it is known as the Tidal Air. There still remains in the chest a further 2,500 cubic centimetres, of which 1,500 cubic centimetres can be expelled by forced expiration, leaving 1,000 cubic centimetres of Residual Air. Moreover, on forced inspiration,

3f obn

The Chief Commissioner has pleasure in announcing that the Military Cross has been awarded to Captain I. B. Trevor, who was Corps Officer in the Hong Kong Co rps of the Brigade Overseas.

Obituary.-The Chief Commissioner regrets to announce the death of Dr. J B. MacDiarmid, Divisional Surgeon of the Tauranga Ambulance Division, South Auckland Sub-District, New Zealand, on March 18, 1942.

India.-The following is an extract from a letter received by a County Officer in England from a friend in Calcutta :" The St. John's ar e doing magnificent work and it would make you really proud of them to see something of it. They have had problems completely unforeseen and out of the blue) to face that would have daunted most organisationsbut not them. They have tackled them all with great courage and fortitude and have earned themselves undying glory. Evacuee ships from Burmah and land evacuees who have walked and walked for months through the most terrible country and G,onditions-thousands of souls in pitiable conditions-all ,crying for help and succour, and on top of all this the wounded soldiers from Burmah. They have flinched at nothing, these women They are working themselves to the bone all thro u gh this terrible heat and sometimes in the most appalling and neces sarily makeshift conditions. Often walking, cycling or trammin g many miles to their work owing to lack of petrol and never refusing to tackle anything that is asked of them. Some day the full story 'will be told; it is a real story of courag e and devotion to duty. Never has the need for St. John been greater and never have they responded better."

it is possible to take into the chest a further 1,500 cubic centimetres over and above the tidal air, so that after forced inspiration, the maximum amount of ai.J;, that can be forcibly expelled from the chest is about 3,500 cubic centimetres, this being known as the" Vital Capacity" of the chest. This figure varies in different individuals' and is also diminished when respiratory movem ents are impaired or the lungs are diseased.

rsrtgabt QE)berseaS

OUR CHIEF COMMISSIONERS

As there is at times some perplexity concerning the respective s tatus of the two Chief Commissioners of the St. John Ambulance Brigade, and also of the two Superintendents-in-Chief, the following extracts from the Statutes and Regulations of the Order will be of interest :Regulat'ion 19c, para. i "The St. John Ambulance Brigade consists of the St. John Ambulance Brigade at Home and the St. John Ambulance Brigade Overseas, and the term "St. John' Ambulance Brigade" without addition or qualification includes both the St. John Ambulance Brigade at Home and the St. John Ambulance Brigade Overseas. JJ Ibid. para. vi. "The Executive Heads of the St . John Ambulance Brigade at Home and of the St. John Ambulance Brigade Overseas are respectively the Chief Commissioner of the St. John Ambulance Brigade at Home and the Chief Commissioner of the St. John Ambulance Brigade Overseas. JJ Both Chief Commissioners work entirely independent of each other, and both are of equal status, while both report to the Director of Ambulance and are ex officio members of the Ambulance Committee. That both sometimes, for reasons of brevity, drop the "At Home JJ and " Overseas JJ from the full title must not be taken as sugglfsting that either is trying to create an impression of seniority, . seeing that the Brigade at Home and the Brigade Overseas are entirely separate, the first working in Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Eire, the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands, the second in all other portions of the British Realm.

Each Chief Commissioner has on his staff a Lady Superintendent-in-Chief of Nursing Divisions , whose full titles are in like manner" Lady Superintendent-inChief at Home" and "Lady Superindentent-in-Chief Overseas" respectively 249

CIVIL DEFENCE SERVICES

By W. C. Bentall, O.B.E., F.R.C.S., F.R.G.S.

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS OF THIS WORK

1. MEDICAL TREATMENT

(a) Mustard Gas-Vapour in Eyes is only dangerous in proportion to concentration. Thus a weak concentration at some distance from the bomb would ouly produce a passing soreness. And so we are told that too much time spent in cl.ouching such eyes at a post might allow the skin of the body to get infected' with bad after wIllie waiting to remove the clothes while attending to eyes which would not be serious Therefore, remove clothes and wash as taught, and, if needed, douche eyes after that.

Liquid Mustard in Eyes.-Free douching or flushing must be done within five of infection to be of any use. Therefore the only possible thing to be done is for one of the F.A party men to empty his water-bottle over the eye and send the patient as a stretcher ease to hospital for further medical treatment ..

Value oj the C.I. Roo,»,¥ at a cleansing station is that all outer clothing removed quickly in the open shed will prevent mustard getting into the underclothing or so little that the concentration will be t00 weak to ca]lse blisters; while the further ro)ms of the cleansing station (i.e., C2, C3 and C4) will only have a negligible infection of gas.

(b) Phosphorus -This may occur in bombs which bU'r;;;t and produce burns on the skin. Immediately place the burning part under wid water if possible, or aBply a wet dressing such as any rag, cloth or handkerchief, and remove patient to a doctor. Remember water prevents phosphoros from burning, but · anything greasy it burn worse.

(c) Various Advertised Remedies.-Such may be good; but always remember that First Aid in aerial bombardment is not- subsequent treatment, and we may do much harm to our patient and his recovery by delaying his gomg to a post or a hospital by elaborate treatment which would take extra time, such as prolonged attempts at cleaning up a wound, bandaging or splinting as for a competition, seeking for various chemical or patent remedies. Quick thinking, and speed to make safety possible, will save the greatest number of lives. Have you ever thought that you may kill two by spending too long to sa Vie one? Which is better?

2. AMBULANCES

(a) Drivers and attendants should be interchangeable. In a blitz a loaded is going to hospital, the driver 250

is killed by a low flying shot. ' Can th e attendant jump into the driver's seat and take him and the patients to th e hospital? or are they all stuck in th e road unable to move? The attendant s are learning to drive and the drivers are learning more of first aid, and less tim e will be lost. Lose no time in this matter.

(b) Fitmenbs of Ambulances.-Already most ambulance fitments have been changed so that the upper :fitments can be lifted up and sitting cases sit on th e lower stretcher. We have less sitting cars under recent restrictions of privat e car owners and the urgent need to sav e petrol. Also under invasion conditions , and the need to help Home Guards, we may have to collect wooden stretchers Will these go on your metal equipment runners ? It has been wisely suggest ed that a slight modification at small expense makes this possible. I have already seen many so adapted by the men themselves.

3. MOBILE RESERVES

All regions are building up "Mobile Reserves" which are depots for 100 to 200 whole-time personn el of First Aid Parties, Rescue Parties, Amb'ulance Drivers and attendants with all th e necessary vehicles. ·A Commanding Officer is in charge, with adequate staff, instructors, living accommodation, etc The Reserves are available to be called upon in any area when extra help is needed, and already have rendered fin e services in places that have been bombed. All these services work together, the y become interchangeable, and the mutu al co-operation may often result in more Ii ves being saved

All this, and much more, shows ho w careful the Government is building up an increasing perfect service to render th e quickest and best form of life-saving. I venture to suggest that delay in following recent instructions and arguing that you think that a different proc e dure would be better, is equivalent to throwing a spanner in the gearbox! !

FOUND

Medallion No. 293250 in Chatham. Owner can obtain same on application to Amb. Officer R. A. Vrolyk, 65, Featherby Road, Gillingham, Kent. Medallion No. 486467 at Hornsea . Owner can obtain same on application to Lady Div. Supt. Miss L. Johnson , " Springbank A venue, Hornsea, E. Yorks.

By

First Aid at First Hand

Colonel J. L. Sleeman, C.B., .C.M.G., C. B.E., M.V.O. (Chief CommlsSlOner, Brigade Overseas)

I t can seldom come the way of a Chief Com missioner to be given. the opport unity of witnessing :fir.st ald the time of the occurrence of the lllcIdent nti l the injured concerned have been to hospital. Such, howev:er, was recently my experience ca:rrYlllg out an official tour of inspectIoIl: III .my capacity as when my wife and I whilst dnvlll g a road which offered no cover were machllle"u nned and cannon-fired. Fortunately, only flyin g 30 feet up, no bullets struck us.

I reported at once at a F.A. Station to find that a stretcher-bearer arld ambulance attendant was needed to supplement the eifo;r;ts of those attendin g the many injure d, and I was pr.oud to occupy that positio n for the remalllder of the day.

S ufficient to say that both the A.R.P. and firs t aid work were admirable and the for titude and courage of the wounded and injured quite wonde?"?-l. A,s these included a p oor wom an lll)ured. III both leg and arm, in addition to belllg sJ:1ot thro u gh the abdomen, when protectlllg her month-old baby and an old woman of 93 as well as a man almost completely un'reco gnisable owing to his injuri es and blackened face , it was testImony to the spi.rit of the Cornish people that . never once did I hear a m oan or complamt.

The hospital being seven miles distant, I was afforded opportunity of this quiet courag e at first hand, th e arran gements made for the receptIOn. of the patients were beyond all Inde ed, so smoothly and so did the wmk proceed from start firus h by the members of the Brig ade m thIS locality that it might have been an day occurrence, instead of the testing of its organisation

D isturbing as the happerung was, It was an experience which I. not have missed, enabling me as It did to see the splendid work of our members, both men and women, from start to finish in a totally unexpected enemy raid. the principal moral arising from It. was the necessity for all of us to cultivate an eye for suitable cover wherever we m ay be; cover such as is o;ffered by a sto ne or brick wall, bank or dItch, always re membering that machine-gun fire can penetrate wooden or galvanised iron fences and sprinkle its bullets around a wide area.

It is with modesty my pleasure to record that the local Brigade subse-

quently awarded me a to the effect that I was unarumously made a permanent" Honorary Stretcher Bearer ." of the Ambulance Division . ThIS IS an honorary appointment which I shall ever be proud to hold in view of the splendid work I saw done that eventful day

AWARDS FOR GALLANTRY

Pilot Officer L. J. Ackland, a member of the Barnstaple Division, S·lA B., J:1as b een awarded the Distinguished Flymg Cross for gallantry a nd devotion to du.o/. Official records show that he ha s partICIpat ed in 31 sorties against targets in enemy and t errito ry and, according to the report, "His co urag e and comp l ete dISr egard of his own safety have been outstanding."

It has been announ ced that Sergeant William Wildey, :first wireless operator airgunner, has b e en awarded the D.F.M. along with five other sergeants who manned a four-engine Stirling Bo.mber which shot down three Messerschmitts out of :five e n emy night fighters as they were returning from a raid on Bremen on the night of June 27. Sergt. Wildey is a memb e r of the Carlisle Division of the St. John Ambulan ce Brigade and he was wo unded in the arm during the encounter.

A MESSAGE FROM H.M. THE

QUEEN

The fo llowing message has been re ceived at Headquarters:

<I I am commanded by H er Majesty to write and expres s the Queen ' s most sincere r egrets at having to postpone the inspection which was to have taken place on September 27. Owing to Q ueen ' s illness it will not now be pOSSIbl e to hold this until the Spring, when the black-out and possibility of bad weather will. not present such difficulties:

" Will you be very kind and convey to the Representatives of Young ?etachments of the British Red Cross SOCIety and of Cadet Divisions of St. John Ambulance Brigade, a message from Her Majesty regretting the unavoidable postponement and disappointment.

" Yours truly (signed) MARION HYDE."

It was not generally known, but Majesty had graciously consented to mspect some 2,000 members of the Junior Red Cross and St. John Cadet Divisions in London, and that representatives from London and the Home Counties had been asked to attend.

Whilst the disappointment to the Cadets was great they will join with us in wishing Her Majesty an early return to good health.

' 25-1

THE IDEAL LECTURER

An articl e e ntitl e d "Th e Id e al Class Secretary " has appeated in THE GAZETTE, and it is felt that an articl e under the heading of " The Id e al Lecturer' " w o uld be of help and int erest . This article is addressed , n o t t o that . g reat number of lecturers w h o f or many years have lectured fo r th e St J ohn Ambulance Associati on w ith s u ch o utstandin g succ ess, but to those others wh o durin g th e war hav e b e en pr esse d int o servic e and hav e had little or n o experi ence o f lecturing on First Aid or Home Nursin g or on any other subjects : to thes e it is hop e d this enticle may be of some help . It should be stated, ho w ever , that it is written " entirely fr o m the layman ' s point of view , and is n o t intended in any way to " teach " the doctor anything about the subj e cts on which he is lecturin g It is a fact that n ot all m en are able t o speak well in public , but the o bject of those who lecture in First A id and kindred subjects is t o teach the student, and therefore all who undertake lectur es can take comfort from \the fact that so long as the students in the clas s g ain the knowled g e which they se ek it does n o t matter if the lecturer i s unable to make a speech. Indeed, lecturers would be w ell advised to rem e mber that they are there to explain the subject to the student and not go into flight s of orato ry. There are, however , certain thing s on which the same standard can be ex pected of all l e cturers Among thes e are :- \.

PunctuaZity.-Alllecturers should arrive at the- class early enou g h to start the lecture at the proper time. This time of starting should be arran ged with the Class Secretary beforehand , fo r while it is disconcerting to the Clas s Secretary and the students to feel uncertain a s to the time of the doctor's arrival or uncertain as to whether he will turn up at all, it is equally true that the lecturer does not want to have to delay the start of the lect:ure while the Class Secretary }s the name s , selling textbooks, and the like If the lecturer is unable to keep the appointment he should endeavour to g et in touch with the Class Secretary so that alternative arran g ements can be made for the evening.

.

Frepar ation.-The lecturer should inform the Class Se cr etary at the end of each I-ecture of any requirements he will want for the foll owing lecture so that the Secretary may make every endeavour to produce what is wanted, e. g ., it is unfair to the Class Secretary to be aske d in the middle of a l e cture for coloured chalks or a skeleton if he has not been advised beforehand that he will need such thin gs. Before the lecture , the lecturer should make sure that he is c onversant with the

textbook from which the instruction is t o be given so that n o thing said in t h e lecture may contradict the teaching of t h e textbook. Where a doctor ex presses disag reement with the textbook h e should mak e it qUite clear that h e is expressing a p ersonal opinion and sh ou ld warn the stud ent s that the y will be ex amin e d on th e tex tb oo k P r acti cal Wo r k .-It is th e d uty of t he lecturer t o supervise the all imp orta nt prac tical work of the cl ass . \ iVhet h er he is a good speaker or n ot , h e sh ou ld tak e an interest in the practi cal w o rk of the students, and b y te sting t h eir practical work he will b e a bl e to s e e to s<?me extent just how: the cl ass is g r asping his lectures. H er e a gain, th er e ar e m a ny ways o f sup er v ising th e practical , work £I:o m actuall y tl emo nstratin g t o t he class hlms elf t o utilisin g th e ser v i ces of an efficient d em o n strat o r. \ iVhat eve r meth od is c hosen, th e lecturer sh o ul d c ert a inly see that the practical w ork is c arri e d out pro perly.

Amon g other points w hi ch a ll l ect urers reI"?-em J;l e r is to the S e cr et a ry III go od tIme if he thinks that addit i on al lectures will be requir e d so th a t early arran g ements fo r the ex amin a ti on can be mad e. He s h o uld also sign th e ' cl ass re gister at the conclusi o n of th e seri es of lectures. (To be con tinued).

qrabet j}etns

Collec ti on of Acorn s , etc. - The B oar d of Educati on has f o rward e d a issued by the Ministry of A g ricultur e on the c ollection of ac o rn s and b ee ch m a st which are a most useful s uppl e m enta ry. feed for pi g s and p o ultry. A s h erb collectin g is one of the a c tivitie s whi ch Girl Cadets m a y coun t t owards their War Service Bad g e, Officers in Ch ar cre o.f Girl Cadet s hould o btain ticulars from theIr local organisation as to the collection and dispo sal of a corns and beech mast.

Dunster.-A most successful camp w as held at Blue Anchor durin g Au g ust , wh en some 50 Cadets and four h elp ers remain ed throughout the week. In spite of the r ain none of the programme had t o be a banLectures on G a s, H ygi e ne a nd HIstOry of the Locality w ere gi ven; a lso :first aId d e monstrations and test cases carried out. Unfortuna t ely s pac e d oes not permit giving full d et;:tils of t he week's activities, but an enjoyabl e t ime was spent by all Lady Cromer and M rs. Geoffrey Luttrell, on whose g round t he camp w as held, visited the camp. Sp orts day found tne Bishops Lyd e ard DivisioJ'l the winners, and the prize the b est tent went to No.4, in which were memb ers from Bath, Chard and Frome. Th e pri ze for the best all-round Di v isi o n w as won 252

by L a -Retraite, Burnham-on-Sea, and the securing m os t of the priz es, handed the best Cadet was Iris Down, of Minehead . award s to th e re s pective winners Bathing parties were made up, visits commented up o n the g ood wo rk in which made to Dunster Castle, and phy sical Cadets were en g a ged. Cadet S upt. E. t raini ng held under Mi ss Smith, the Parker, We st Bromwich Headquarters Somerset County Coune-il or g anis er. Folk No 2 Divisi on , wh o had or ganise d the d atlces were also included. Miss Batchelor proceedin gs, thank e d Mr. J ones for gave a n interesting talk on tp.e Reli gious efforts and acknow le dge d the generosIty H isto r y of the Order. of all w ho had c ontributed towa rds the PZym ou th.-Miss F rancis , Matr o n of the priz es Prince o f \"Tales's H os pital, Plymouth , W orc es ter. - Th e fir s t Cadet Divisi o n of has ma de out a r ota of Girl Cad ets t o the W o r cester N ur sin g Divisi o n was su it the hours which they have available formall y e nr olled o n S eptember 6 The for work. Some 25 Cad ets put their name s cer e mon y w a s conducted by Co unty Cadet down, including 12 t o h elp in the d o mestic Officer Mr s. Hu gh Robins o n , w h o was work of the ho spital. The older girls ar e acc o mpanied b y Co unty Secr etary Miss in t he children 's wards , where they will H . M . Walt o n , Divisional S uperintend e nt. be ta u ght simpl e nur sin g duties. Five Mrs. Hamm o nd (W o rc est er N ursing have offer ed t o wo rk o n Saturdays and Div isi on ) intr od uc ed Mr s. R obinso n, wh o they will as sist in m a kin g s ur gical g a ve a s h o r t talk t o th e Ca d et s, after dressings for the operat in g th e atre . w hi c h the enr ol ment cerem o n y w as perChi chester - B et we en tw o and thr e e f orm ed a n d eac h Cad et r eceiv ed he r copy tho usa nd p eo pl e visit ed th e Police g r o und, of Di v isio nal rul es Chiches t er , o n Sept em b er 12 , w h en th e Later Mr s. Ro b inson we n t to F i eld Chichest er A mbul ance a n d G irl Cad ets H o u se t o enr ol a n other Ca det Di vis i on . held a d i splay and demo n strati o n, u n d er No r wich.-O n Sep temb e r 12 , Do r e en the di r ecti on o f Co u n t y O ffice r C W. L. Dain es , T helma Fr a n ci s, M uri el Hu ggin s, Pile, La dy Cad et S upt Miss L. O. Well s, a nd Patri cia Hindl e wer e p r esen ted with and Ca d et Offi cers R. H ease m a n and Mi ss Grand P ri oJ;' s Bad g es b y L ady Cook Palmer. The pr oce ed in gs op en e d w ith an (P r esi dent of th e Co u n t y). Ov er 2 00 inspec tio n b y Li e u t .-Co l. Mcc Gwir e (Chief certificates in vario u s s u b j ects "vere p r eOfficer Ambula n ce Cadets), L a d y D unb a r sent ed by Ac t in g Co unty Commissioner Nas mith (Ch ief Officer G irl Ca det s), Dr. Lu nd, L ady County S u pt. Dr. M a y accom pani e d b y County Co m mission er D Rou tl edge, Cadet S u p t Mrs. Denny, and Bryce , L a d y B ess b oro u gh (Co unty P r es i - the R ev. R. F i el d ing , Presiden t of the dent) , the JVI ayo r of Chichester, L ady Thorpe Am b u l ance Divis ion Cou nty S upt Mi s s Hu bbar d, L ady The o r wich Cadets have wel comed the Cou nty Offi c er for Cade t s M is's Trill, and a n ti -g as s ub ject and u nder the guidan c e many other i mpo rta nt officer s. of Mr. Neil 6 8 girl s a n d 28 boys h ave T he prog r amme, w hi ch occ upied some gained certificat es It is soo n h oped to four h o ur s , was vari ed and inclu ded a 20 d iv isi ons of Cadets in N o rwich, mess a ge of welc ome to t h e vi sitin g officer s the members of which b eing i n stru ct ed signalled b y Cadets , demonstrations i n in :firstaidbyLadyCadet Supt . Mrs. Den n y . first a i d, home nu r s ing and ot her s u b j ects, Holbr ook.-Th e en ro l m ent ce r em ony of there we r e d emo n stratio n s o f h fe-saving, t he H ol brook D i vision t o ok place o n hre fighting, squ ad a n d st r etcher drill A u gust 7 , and an acc o u nt of the ceremo n y Finally, the g ra n d fi n a l e incl u de d a has been sent in by Cadet Betty Farmer. Tattoo by t h e Amb ul a n ce Cadet Ban d; Lady County. S u pt. Miss A. M. Par k er Cadets takin g par t i n a brilli a nt tabl ea u , was the enr ollin g officer, others p r esent and the fo rm ati o n of the "Whit e Cr oss of in cl u d in g Lady Co unty Officers Miss St. John b y th e Gi rl Cad et s. T h e inspect- Bal dwin and Miss Mill er, Lady S upt. ing office r s co n gratulated t he office r s an d Miss Rich a r ds, L ady Su p t. M r s. Catto n, member s o n the m a gn ifice nt dis play a n d Mrs . B. Che rr y, Officer-in-Char ge , Holpa id t r i bu te to the work o f the D ivisi o n s . b rook D i vision, a,nd others Some 25 Pra ise is ce r tainly d u e to the o r ganis ing Cadets wer e en r oll ed a n d received their offic ers and to District Officer T rott, fi r st a i d certificates. A s urp rise item was wh o was t h e co m ment a t o r thr o u g h o ut when 13 Cadets made a n octagonal the w h ol e pr oc eed in gs. w ith ro ll er b a n da g es r epresenti n g t he We st B romwich.-O n A u gu st 29 th e ei g h t-poin ted of St . J ohn. W est Bromwich a nd District Co rp s Ch elt enham -A t rainin g cour se fOT Am bulance and G irl Cadet s h eld their Nur sin g Cad et Offi c e r s will t a k e pl ac e in fi rst sports d a y w hich it is hoped to Cheltenham on No v emb e r 7 and 8. Miss b eco me an annual eve nt In additi on to Cunard , Staff O ffice r t o t h e Chi e f Officer spo rt s a first a i d t e am c o n te st fo r b o th for Girl Cad ets, will con d u c t t h e c ourse. sexes were jud ge d by Co rps Officer T. Brig hton - Th e Patcham A mbulance Dean . Councillor G . C. Jon es (vice- and Girl Cad ets Di v isio n s were re gistered president), who had been res p onsible for durin g la st m o nth.

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tltbt st. J obn

HEADQUARTER NOTES

The Chief Commissioner's temporary office at Binfield has now been transferred to No.1, Grosvenor Crescent, London, S.W.l (Tel. SLOane 8221), and cQmmunications formerly sent to Binfield should now be addressed to No.1, Grosvenor Crescent.

The Chief Commissioner's circular No. BC24/42 of September 23 is therefore canc.elled. .

C.N.R. Mobile Members.-There is a serious shortage of full-time members in the C.N.R. and the Ministry of Health have requested the Brigade - to assist in increasing the number of available members. With this object in view it is requested that Divisional Superintendents be asked to take up with their immobile members the possibility of these members becoming mobile. The name of any member who is prepared to serve in an Emergency Hospital should be sent to the District jCounty Superintendent with the request that it should be submitted to the Regional Nursing Officer, . when the membel' will in due Gourse be posted to such a hospital.

According to the Ministry of Health returns as at June 30 , 1942, there were 11,577 St. John · C.N.R. Nursin g Auxiliaries in England and 906 in Wales, making a grand total of 12,483.

No.1 (PRINCE OF

WALES'S)

DISTRICT

NORWOOD AND CRYSTAL PALACE DIVISION.-The annual meeting-' of the Progressive Order of Scrimpers, formed by members of the No. 23 Ambulance and No. 5 Nursing Divisions with the object of proyiding a local headquarters after the war, was held last month, when it was announced that not only adults but children also are making a valuable contribution. Among Fhose present was Sir Edward Campbell, M.P. , and Lady Campbell, the President of the Order (Councillor H. E. George), Dr. Anne Sutherland (vice-president, who presented War Saving stamps to four youngsters who had rendered valuaIDle assistance), Capt. A. C. White Knox (Assistant Commissioner), Lady ' District OfficlZr Miss Grindley, and others.

Over £500 has been raised and the secretary, Mr. A. Sullivan, paid tribute to the assistance received from- many.

STANMORE.-The Stanmore First Aid Association were addressed by District . Staff Officer Bower on Septem ber 14, when the subject was "The Art of Learning First Aid," which included faking of injuries.

No.2 ,DISTRICT

HAMPSHIRE. - The County Headquarters have removed to Bush Hous e, Christchurch Road, BOl),rnemouth (Tel ephone 2246), owing to in ship, which is close on 5,000 Wlth 144 DIVlsions, and Joint War Organisation work.

MINEHEAD.-On August 24, Profess or Nixon, of Bristol, gave a most interesti n g lecture of "First Aid in Air Raids" t o members of the Minehead Divisions.

On September 14 , Mr. G. F. Luttr ell (President) unveiled a merp.orial t t? a former member of the Minellead DIVlslOn, who was killed whilst on duty in an ai r raid on Bristol last year. The likeness of Private Cyril Sage, the member concerned was contained on an enlarged photoiraph below which a. brass. tabl et recorded the circumstances m 'whlch the memorial is perpetuated.

County Surgeon W. Bain presided an d stated "We shall not always mou m Cyril Sage but we shall always him." Mr. Luttrell recalled that Pnvate Sage joined the Division in 1930 and had shown great keenne ss in his work. H e belonged to the competition team H IS active Brigade and A.R.P. work w a s commented upon.

Mr. W. Sage spoke in acknowledgment for Mrs. Sage and himself of the hon ou r done to their son 's memory.

After the ceremony Mr. Luttrell pr esented a Service Bar to Supt. F. C. Tarr , also awards to members which they gained in the recent re-examinati on.

, No.5 DISTRICT

CLEETHORPES. - Assistant Commissioner Dr. M. C Lavin inspected th e members of the Cleethorp es and Distri ct Divisi(;m, together with members of Humberstone and Waltham Nursm g Division and A.R.P. Reserve.

Service Medal Ribbons and certificates were presented to Cadet Supt. Privates W. Capper and K. Worthington , First Bar to Div. Su):'geon V G. Best , Second Bar to Supt. Dodds; and Fourth Bar to Amb. Officer Phillips.

Addressing the parad e, the As s istan t Commissioner said that the standard of efficiency had always been high and h e appealed to every member to mainta in and increase that efficiency.

Dr. Lynch (M.O.H.) and Mr. E. Hou ghton (A.R.P. appealed a ll possible help with A.R.P. work, pomtm g out that the Borough of Cleethorp es relied more than ever on the members of the Division

GAINSBOROUGH. - On September 20, the Gainsborough Ambulance, Nursin g and Cadet Divisions were inspected b y 254

Assis tant Commissioner Dr. Lavin, who was recently carried out by the Countess was accompanied by District Officers I)f Bessborough (President), Lady County Pad diham, Gott and Mrs. Epton. Supt. Miss D. r. Hubbard, Lady County Led by the Home Guard Bugle Band, Officer Mrs. Scott and Lady County the parade, under the command of Supt. Officer for Cadets Miss E. M. Trill. Lady R. P. White, marched to the ground, Supt. Mrs. E. M. Butcher was in charge whe re the inspecting officer and his staff vf the nur ses and Lady Cadet Officer were received. Mrs. K. r. Lashmar in charge of the After the march past Dr. Lavin pre- Cadets. sented Amb. OffiCer B. C. Wilson with a Both Divisions gave a smart turn-out Service Bar, and welcomed Councillor and and were congratulated by the inspecting Mrs. Dorrington as representing th e civic officers on their appearance. Dis plays life of th e town. He congratulated the in first aid and home nursing was folmem bers on their appearance, and was lowed by tea, after which Lady Besssure that under Supt. White and Lady borough presented awards for the past Supt. Mrs. Robinson their efficiency was year. ' goo d Dr:. Lavin expressed his pleasure ADDLEsToNE.-Commissioner W. Geo. a t seeing so many Cadets on parade under Pape inspected the Addlestone AmbulCadet Officer Mrs. Hill. ance, ' N ursin g and Cadet Divisions reAfter the inspection tea was served in cently, accompanied by Assistant Comthe Assembly Rooms, where Supt. White missioner J P. Flavin, Lady County welcome d the guests. Councillor Dor- Supt. Mrs. Thomas and Col. Davies. r ington expressed the thanks of the town The Girl Cadets were und er Cadet for the many hours of loyal work put in Supt. Miss A. Trimmings and Miss G by the Brigade for the community. Butterfield , the Boy Cadets under Acting SCUNTHORPE.-At the in spection of the Supt. H. S. Batt and Acting Officer D. Sc unthorpe Ambulance, Nursing and Butt, Lady Sup t. Mrs. Street was in Cadet Divisions the Mayor of Sc unthorpe charge of the nurses with Nursing Officer (Co uncillor Fred Clark) announced that Mrs. Carpenter and Mrs. Hone , whilst he had ordered four of the six mobile X- the men were ' commanded by Supt. J. r ay units which are targets of his £2,100 Ball and Amb.Officer J. Ayling. a ppeal for Russia, and had sent a cheque Practical demonstrations were carried for .£8 00 to the Red Cross and St. John out, and the Commissioner IDspected the F und. ambulance, presented by the American Assistant Commissioner Dr. Lavin Red Cross and l oaned to the Chertsey carried out the inspection, bein g accom- and Addl estone Division by the J oint War p an i ed by District Officers Paddison and Organisation, Corpl. Stokes being in Gott, Corps Supt. Theaker, Lady Corps charge of the vehicle. Supt. Mrs. Doughty and many o thers Mr. Pape congratul ated the members on Following the in spect ion Dr. Lavin their work and efficiency, making parp resented warrants o.f appointment to ticular refe rence to the smart tum-out Divisio nal President T. Fisher, vice- and numerical strength of the Cadets. president, the Rev. Pilkington, and Sergt. Those present included Mr. E . G. Izod Clarke. He complimented th e members on and Mrs. Reeves (presidents), Mrs. Hart heir large numbers and was particularly mens (vice-president, Girl Cadets) and p leased with the Boy and Girl Cadets. Div. Surgeon W. Harmens. Corps President Mark Morgan said it EDENBRIDGE. - The inspection of the v.. as the you n g people on whom they Edenbridge Nursin g and Cadet Divisions depended to carryon the motto" Service was carried out by Assistant Lady County before Self."

Supt. Miss H. May, Lady County Officer No. 8 (DUKE OF CONNAUGHT'S) Mrs. May, Lady Violet A stor (President), DISTRICT Mrs. Durward Bw\\'n (v ice-president), FARNHAM.-The annual inspection of Lady Greemvay (Cadet vice-president). t he Farnham Ambulance and Nursing Lady Violet Astor congratulated the Divisions was carried out by Assistant officers and Cadets on their keenness and Commissioner J. P. Flavin and County announced her desire to present 'a cup Officer Mrs. T. Harper on September 16. for the most efficient all -round senio r Div. Surgeon F. Caldecott and Supt cadet and a miniature for the best allH. Mansey were in charge of the men, round juni or cadet; these to be competed a nd Div. Supt. A. P. Gibbons and Lady for annually. Thanks for these trophies Supt Miss Ariss in charge of the ursin g was expressoo by Miss May. Division. Four stretcher squads competed for the Mrs. Rupert Anderson (President of the cup presented by Mrs. Durward Brown. Nu rSing Division) was among those This r esu lted in a tie and it was decided present , that each team sho uld hold the cup for WORTHING.-The annual inspection ' of six months. Mrs. , Brown presented the the Worthing Nursing and Cadet Divisions trophy to the '>.rinnin g teams.

255

After the proceedings S((rgt. Steer, Corpls. McIntosh, Payne and Wiffen succee,ded in their promotion tests.

RAMSGATE.-Tribute to the fine work being done by the Ramsgate Divisions was paid by Commissioner Capt, the Lord Harris at the recent inspection of the Ramsgate Ambulance, Nursing and Cadet Divisions. Lord Harris, who was welc(:)med by the Mayor (Ald . A. B. C. Kempe), was accompanied by Councillor Mrs. F. L. Dunn (President of the S.R. Division), Councillor Dr. D. P. Cr'ewford, Surgeon-Com. B. H. Palmer and Supt. White Other officers on parade included Supt. Dawson, Cadet Supt. Norris, Lady Amb. Officer Mrs. Siminson.

Lord Harris, after presenting Service Awards to Sergts. Pointer and Digweed and Corpl, Britcher ; said that the members were working for the good of their fellow men and women and there was no finer form of service. Addressing the Cadets, he said that th ere was no work more worth doing than that of the St. John and Red Cross.

HASLEMERE.-Div. Surgeon Mrs. -Ralston presided at .tl;le annual meetin g of the Haslemere Nursing Division, supported by Lady Cou nty Officer Mrs. Harper , Miss Fard (President) and Amb. Officers Miss E. F. King and Miss Mills.

Miss King gave a review of the year's work. Lady Supt. Miss Morrish was doing full-time work as Quartermaster at a Convalescent Home, eight other members were doing full-time work, and seven part-time. Nearly all members were engaged in A.R.P. duties.

Mrs. Harper said she regarded the Division as the most efficient in the ViTestern Area, and pointed (:)ut that members were r epresentatives of a vast organisation and each of them was indispensable in her particular job.

BRIGHTON.-A combined church parade of the Brighton Corps and the B.R.C.S. Brighton and Hove Detachments was held on September 13. The parade was organised by Miss D. Gore-Browne, R.R.C (Deputy President, B.R.C.S ) and Corps Surgeon and Supt. Dr. F. H. Stuttaford.

About 800 were on parade and before proceeding to the Parish Church of St. Peter, where the Bishop of Lewes gave an inspiring address, the Mayors of Brigp.ton and Hove inspected the ranks, accompanied by Mr. J. D. Drew (Town Clerk), Capt. W. J. Hutchinson (Chief Constable) and others. In addition to the local Divisions the following were al so present :-Assistant Commissioner W. J. B. Trotter, Lady County Supt. Miss D. I. Hubbard, Lady County Officers Mrs. Scott ?-nd Miss Trill, County Officer W. J. Noble and repJ;'esentatives of Hove,

Lewes, Portslade and Kingston Buci Corps.

Canon T. J. James, M.C. (Brighton Cory? Chaplain) ane! the Rev. Raper assIsted at the service, Ald. TalbotNonson (Deputy Mayor) . reading the . Lesson.

No ' , 9 DISTRICT VISIT OF THE CHIEF COMMISSIONER BRIGADE OVERSEAs.-Officers and men' nurses and cadets of the South Area were inspected recently by Col. J. L. Sleeman, Chief Commissioner in Queen's Park: PaIgnton. Some 350 members were on parade under Commissioner H. J. Vick.

The proceedings, which commenced with a short Divine Service, was watched by a large crowd. Mr. W. J. E. Downs, J .P. (chairman, Paignton U.D.C.), wel,corned Col. Sleeman, who inspected the parade, accompanied by Mr. Vick, Dr. Martin Palmer, Assistant Commissioner G. W. Hingston, Lady County Officers Miss 'Wood and Miss ViThitehead. County Surgeon Morton Palmer was also present and many presidents of visiting Divisions. Col. Sleeman expressed pleasure with the manner in which tb.e parade had turned out. He presented Service Medals and Bars to Supt. Shapley (4th bar), Am15. Officer Curtis (4th bar), both of Newton Abbot; Amb. Officer Curtis, Torquay (3rd bar), Private Denley , Newton Abbot (2nd bar), Hon. Sergt. Backhouse, Dartmouth; Sergt. Davies, Newton Abbot; Private Sime, Dartmouth; Corp l. Carnell, Newton Abbott; Supt Gowman, Paignton; Amb. Officer Hannaford-Hill, Paignton; Corpl. Hall , Paignton, and Private Evans, Torquay. County Commissioner Vick thanked Col. Sleeman for his inspiring speech. In the county there were, at the end of last year, 16 on the county staff, 260 officers, 2,082 othe r ranks, and some 80 probationer cadets.

On August 17 Col. Sleeman inspected the two J oint \7\Tar Organisation Convalescent Homes at Newquay and Penzance. Under the guidance of Supt. Care (St. I ves) he visited Pendeen and inspected the headquarters of the Division there. Col. Sleeman visited the Docks at Falmouth, where Supt. Jackman showed him the first aid arrangements.

On Sunday, August 30, he inspected 350 members of the Brigade at Camborne , drawn from various units throu ghout the county. This parade was unde r the command 'of Commissioner Lieut.Col. \ W. Blackwood , and the inspectin g officer presented Service Medals and Bars to various members . During his visit to Cornwall a dayli ght raid occurred in the town where Col. - 256

BECAUSE

one or other or all of the three races of germs, Streptococci, Staphylococci and B.pyocyaneus are found in every skin infection common to this country, and ANTIPEOL OINTMENT contains the antibodies (antivirus) of these germs. Healing is expedited by the proved ingredients of the ointment, and septic development is stopped or prevented by its antivirus sterile vaccine filtrates. ANTIPEOL OINTMENT is unsurpassed for BURNS and SCALDS, for it is microbicide and nonadhesive, and dressings do not require to be changed every day.

HINO-ANTIPE'OL

affords rapid relief of COMMON COLDS, INFLUENZA, AND CATARRH. Containing the antibodies of the germs common to infections of the nose and pharynx (Staphylococci, Streptococci, B .pyo cyaneus, pneumococci, pneumobacilli, enterococci, M. catarrhalis, B.Pfeiffer) , Rhino-Antipeol is not just a palliative, but is a remover of the cause of the infection. During epidenl:ics it is the ideal preventive of microbic development.

PHTHALMO-ANTIPEOL

is a semi-fluid ointment, more convenient than the ordinary Antipeol for ocular infections and lesions, Eyes affected by smoke and dust are soothed almost immediately by the application of Ophthalmo-Antipeol, and the antivirus prevents germs frGlm aeveloping.

Clinical Samples on request from MEDICO-BIOLOGICAL LABORATORIES LTD. CARGREEN ROAD, NORWOOD, LONDON, S.E.lS 257

Sleeman was staying, and threw himseli energetically into the task of assisting in the removal of casualties, acting as a stretch!{r hearer.

LAuNcEsToN.-Notwithstanding difficulties the Launceston Division is keeping the flag flying. At the commencement of 1942 Supt. Heard was appointed County Officer, Mr. \iVm. George Mooney, J.P., being appointed superintendent. During this year successful first aiq and home nursing classes have been held, and a Nursing Division has been formed with Miss E. M. Chudleigh in charge and Miss J. M. McDonald Mooney as secretary. A branch of the men 's and nurses' divisions have been established at North Hill, with Mrs. L. 1. Symons as secretary. With the boys who passed a preliminary first aid examination a Cadet Division over 30 strong has been started.

Over 20 of the members are in H.M. Forces, one, Private P. W. Manning, having made the supreme sacrifice.

PENZANCE.-Supt. T. Coleman-Cooper, M.RE., of the Penzance Division, was host at a supper held recently to mark the honour awarded to him- by the ccmferment of the British Empire Medal. Supt. Cooper (Tom to his many friends) said it was an honour for the Division, not really for himself. He appealed for absolute efficiency without which members would be a danger to the community the)," served. They had :p.ad a heavy year, but he could confidently say that he never got a refusal to turn out "on the job" either in the daytime or at night.

Thanks for his hospitality was expressed by Cadet Supt. Lewis, who referred to the pride they felt in Supt. Cooper's honour, and also that he had gained the coveted medal of the Serving Brother of the Order.

No\. 10 DISTRICT

ON ACTIVE SERVICE

The Commissioner of No . 1 District reports with regret that Private H. F. \iVhite, of the Surbiton Division, has b'een reported missing while serving with the R.A.M.C. in the Middle East.

The Commissioner for Staffordshire reports with regret that Private Derek Turby, of the Aldridge Division, has been killed while on active service with the Roya'J. Navy.

.rhe Chief Commissioner, Brigade Overseas, regrets to announce that the following three members of the Brigade Overseas ha.ve been killed in action :-

Laurie Halley (Private), \iVhangarei Y.M C.A. Ambulance Division, Auckland vIstrict, New Zealand.

William D. Tomlinson (Private), Frankton Junction Railway Ambulance Division, South Auckland Sub-District, New Zealand.

Graham Bloomfield (Pri vate) , T uranganui Ambulance Division, Auckland lJistrict, New Zealand.

The Chief Commissioner re grets to report the deaths of the und er-mention ed members of the Brigade in Wales:-

Leading Aircraftsman Idwal Jones Pritchard, of the Central Washery and Onllwyn No. 1 Colliery Division , killed in action on July 29.

Private VI!. Glover, of the Cardiff Corporation Electricity Division (in cha r ge of First Aid work at the Power Station), killed by enemy action on August 28.

The Commissioner of No. 1 District regrets that the following two members of the Eltham Division hav e b e en reported missing while on active service .with the Royal Navy: Privates J ohn Jame s Woodard and Leonard Robert Moulson.

POLICE AMBULANCE NEWS

Metropolitan.-The annual competition of the No. 1 District was held on September 11 , when thirteen teams competed. The were Dr. G. M. Stoker ' (team), THoRPE.-On September 10 the pre- District Staff Officer vValsby and Corps sentation of awards to members of the Officer Lear (individual) of the S.J.A.B. Thorpe Divisions was out by the No: 1 District. The staging for the team Rev. R. Fielding (President of the Men's test and the patients were supplied by Division). These included anti-gas cer- Mr. J. Grossman, of the Associated tificates to cadets and home nursing British Pictures, to whom thanks was certificates to the ' nurses. extended for his generous help. Amb. OffiGer Coby announced the The re su lt 'was a win for" F" Division results of the recent individual first aid regulars , being followed by " V " Regulars competition The cup was presented to and" V" Auxiliaries, second and third Mr. J. R. Howes and prizes to Mr. A. . respectively. - BTadfield in the third year and over class, Many distinguished visitors were and to Messrs. H. Howes and A. Hipperson present, including Sir Philip Game, in the seeond year and under class. Commissioner; Col. Drummond, Deputy Those present included Assistant Com- Commissioner; Sir George Abbiss, Assistmissioner Dr. Rutledge and Mr. afld Mrs. ant Commissioner; Major P. R MargetDenny, of the Norwich Corps Dr. Tracey, son, D.A.C. No. 1 District; and many who has had to resign from the position officers from the competing Divisions. of Divisional Surgeon owing to pressure of Sergt. V. King (" B " Division) was the work, was on his last occasion. competition secretary.

:: 258

Essential knowledge to treat suc-eessfuUy ALL ' possible injuries

THE PHYSICIAN

A few of the subjects treated at length :WAR EMERGENCIES: PEACE-TIME SUBJECTS: Air Raid Precautions Influenza, etc., Measles, Mumps

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Scalds The Principles of Nursing Fainting Child Welfare

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ACCIDENTS-What to do in all cases. HOW TO DIAGNOSE Diseases from appearance oj Head, Face, Tongue, Throat, Chest, etc., etc.

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GENERAL INTEREST

A Memorial Service to H.R.H. the Duke of Kent, organised on the initiative of the Priory for Wales, was conducted by Canon J. A. Lewis, one of the two officiating Chaplains to the Priory at the Church of St. John Baptist, Cardiff, on Monday, September; 14. In attendance at the church were the Lord Mayor (Alderman James Hellyer, J.P.) , the Town Clerk (Mr. D. Kenvyn Rees) and members of the Cardiff City Co uncil, representatives of the University of Wales, the Gardiff , Royal Infirmary; the National Council of S<?cial Service and the N S.P.G.C. Representing the Priory were the Right Hon. Lord Plymouth, P.C. (Sub -Prior), the Countess of Plymouth (Lady Superintendent for Wales), members of the Pri ory Chapter and Headquarter Committees, and a lar ge unit of Brigade personnel. Canon LeVlris referred to the many activities in ·Wales of His Royal Hi ghness, who in all he did had shared the splendid r ecord of ser vice that members of the Royal House had established and maintained throughout the years. He had fallen following his chosen task and serving his country, and could be placed in line with the Knights of the Venerable Order.

Captain D. G. Richar.ds , M.C., M.E., County Cadet Officer, Rhondda Centre, the Priory at the Cadet Officers' Training Course held on October 3 and 4 in London. Capt . Richards is well qualified by his experience to take a lead in Cadet matters. For many years he organised the annual Summer Camps for boys connected with the mining industry under the Ocean Collieries Welfare Scheme, which were attended also by St. John Cadets in the localities concerned . Befo re being resident in the Rhondda, Captain Richards was a keen supporter of Brigade work as President of the Treharris Division, Borou gh of Merthyr Tydfil Centre.

The Ambulance Committee at its meeting in October will be considering the holding of a.. Conference for Cadet Officers in '.;Vales.

CENTRE REPORTS

WEST DENBIGHSHIRE CENTRE

The Priory was interested to learn from Asst . P. W. Lumley that Corporal Stanley J. Ousey, R.A.M.C., has been awarded the "Certificate for Gallantry and Good Service :" As a member of the Military Hospitals Reserve Corporal Ousey was called up at the outbreak of

war, 8Jnd his services generally, and this award in particular, redound to the credit of the Colwyn Bay Division. The heartiest congratulations of the Priory have been conveyed to him upon this well-deserved honour.

GLAMORGAN CENTRE

In conjunction with representatives of the British Red Cross Society, St. John personnel have und ertaken to give effect to the call upon their services for the Joint War Organisation by organising a Prisoner of War Flag Day, which will be held throughout the County of Glamor ga n on December 6.

Prisoner of Wa?'.-No. 4077270 Private W. Lawson Harvey, South '.;Vales Borderers, a member of the Aberbargoed Divisiqn, is a Prisoner of War in Italy. The Commissioner for Wales has addressed a letter to him, at Campo Prigionieri Guerra, No. 66, P.M.3400, Italy , expressing sympathy, best wishes for a speedy return home and resumption of peacetime duties, including Brigade membership.

MONMOUTHSHIRE CENTRE

How the Red Cross and St. J ohn Prisoners of '.;Var Fund benefits by the active co-operation of St. John personnel in connectlon with the Penny-a-Week House-to-House Collections, was referred to by the Hon. John H. Bruce, J .P., D.L., Principal Secretary and Commissioner for Wales, at Trethomas Legion Hall, on the occasion of the presentation of appointments and awards to members of the newly-formed Trethomas Ambulance Division and awards ,to Bedwas Nursing and Cadet Division.

Referring to the increase in Brigade membership during the past ten years, M r Bruce said he hoped to see a class started at Trethomas Vlrith the object of forming a Nursing Division and a Girl Cadet Division and was glad to note by the presence of cadets in uniform that a boy cadet unit was already formed. He was glad to welcome personally the officers to whom he handed warrants of appointment, namely: Hon. President, Mr. P. B. Ridout; Hon. Vice-President, Mr. W. H. Bishop; Div. Supt., Mr. Evan Williams; Amb . Officer , Mr. Idris Thomas; Secretary, Corp l. Bernard Stokes; Treasurer, Mr. F. Denty; Storekeeper, Corpl. L. Rundle.

Mr. P. B. Ridout presided and awards were presented by Commissioner Captain S. T. Beard, O.B.E.,. W1,lO congratulated Corps Supt. G. Davies on the newly260

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formed Division ' in the Ruperra Corps. County Officer Mrs. Hughes presented 2 awards to Bedwas Nursing and Girl Cadet Divisions, and Divisional Superintendent Evan 1. Williams referred to the civilian duty being done by members of the new Division at first-aid posts.

BOROUGH OF MERTHYR TYDFIL CENTRE

Two important schemes for rendering assistance through the voluntary personnel of th€ Ambulance Organisations, evolved by the Hon. John H. Bruce in his capacity of Joint Regional Representative of the War Organisation, have been brought to fulfilment within the Merthyr Cen.tre chiefly through the instrumentality of Commissioner Captain VV. J. Canton, D.L., LL.B.

It was pointed out by Mr. 1. F. Armer, Senior R€gional Officer of the Welsh Board of Health, at a Regional Conference of Joint County Committees, that a system of mobile First Aid and Marshal Reliefs was needed for the Rest Centres in target areas; and an establishment of 64 men and 59 women (including 23 members of th€ Merthyr B.RC.S. Detachment) is now available to respond to any call for duty involving up to three nights' absence from home made in emergency by tte Senior Regional Officer, under the executive control of Captain W. J. Canton.

vVith this reserve of personnel already enrolled, it was natural to look to Merthyr in considering the location of a " Flying Column" to carry first aid and food to

Council for their generous help, and inspected the vehicles and personnel. Mr. 1. F. Armer said the Welsh Board of Health greatly appreciated the work of the Ambulance OrgaIDisations and the co-operation of the Merthyr Borough Council in finding a home for the Flying Column at Treharris.

RHONDDA CENTRE

Lady Rhys Williams, D.B.E. , president of the Rhondda Centre, conducted an inspection of the Mid-Rhondda Corps at Tonypandy on September 12, accom': panied by Commissioner Captain T. E. Richards, J.P., M.E., Asst. Commissioner J. B. Davies, County Supt. Mrs. Mary Ingledew, and County Officer Mrs. R S. Morris-Thomas. Lady Williams congratulated the Corps on its smartness and efficiency and presented a " number of awards and warrants of appointment.

CITY OF CARDIFF CENTRE

The Cory>oration Electricity Division has lost a faithful member by the death of Private vVilliam Glover, who was killed by enemy action in Cardiff on August 18 whilst on duty as Officer-in-Charge of the First Aid Station at his place of employment.

The Cardiff City Division has learnt with reg ret that Private Raymond G. Jenkins has been killed in the Middle East while serving in the RA.M C. As a member of the Military Hospitals Reserve, Private Jenkins was mobilised on the outbreak of war.

sick or injured, aged and infirm and Co-operating with the Overseas League, children in any area from Newport to - nursing Dfficers in Cardiff are extending Swansea which has been subject to a hospitality and entertainment to members serious raid or continuous bombing, to of the Allied Forces in Cardiff on Wednesaugment the local services. Accordingly, day evenings. Under the direction of the the Glamorgan Joint County Committee County Superintendent, Miss G. Richards, delegat€d the operational control to the nursing officers have willingly responded Merthyr Tydfil War Organisation Flying to this further wartime call upon their ColUInn Committee, under the chairman- services ship of Mr. Tom Andrews, J.P. (Centre Chairman), with Councillor C. W. Bridges OBITUARY (Chairman, Merthyr Civil Defence Com- We regret to announce the death of mittee) , as Vice-chairman, Captain W. J. District Officer F. W. Clifford, of the Canton as Commandant and Hon. Secre- Southern Area, No. 1 (Prince of Wales's) tary and Miss 1. M. Kenshole (B.RC.S. District . He joined the Brigade some 30 Commandant) as !1eputy Commandant. years ago and in 1921 became SuperinThe ColUInn consists of one Ambulance tendent of the Ealing Divisions. On with First Aid Squad and ' one mobile July 14,1924, he became District Officer, a canteen for serving patients with suitable position he held until his death. He was drinks and food, these vehicles having awarded the Service Medal in 1928, first been allocated to Glamorgan Joint Com- bar 1933 and second bar in 1938. For his mittee by the War Organisation, and a van services he was admitted to the Order as to carry containers of First Aid equipment. Serving Brother in 1926, being promoted Garage accommodation has been pro- to Of-ficer in 1936, and to Commander vided by the Merthyr Tydfil Corporation; during this year. In addition to his and on September 10 the Earl of Ply- Brigade duties he was organist and choirmouth, chairman of Glamorgan Joint master at the Priory Church, although Committee, expressed thanks personally his son undertook the work of organist to the Mayor and other of the during the past few years. 262

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INTERESTING CASE REPORTS

CASE REPORT No. 211.-The Officer-inCharge of the County of Hampshire

S.].A.B. reports the efficient performance of first aid by members of the New Milton Division in the following circumstances:

At 4 p.m. on April 24 an urgent call was received at Divisional Headquarters. Accordingly Privates Fox and Stewart , who were on duty, at once hurried to the help of a boy (age 22 months) who had been pulled out of a lake attached to a house at Barton .As the patient was not breathing they at once commenced artificial respiration and sent messengers for medical Pending the arrival of the doctor Private Fox persevered with his treatment , while Private Stewart returned to Headquarters and brought back the N ovox set which is carried in the ambulances. After three hours of patient and persevering application of artificial respiration" two doctors certified that the boy was dead in conSequence of shock caused by the immersion.

COMMENT.--While it is not possible to commend success, it is certainly better to deserve it. In these ci11 cumstances Privat es Fox and Stewart merit cordial congratulations on good work well done ....:-N.C.F.

CASE REpORT No. 212.-The Officerin-Charge of the Northern Area, County of Lincoln, S.J.A.B., reports the efficient performance of first aid , by a of the Cleethorpes and District Division in the following circumstances :During a recent early daylight raid Sergeant H. F. Smith, hearing gun-fire whilst in the midst of dressing, first placed his wife and daughter under cover and then went to look out of the back door of his house. Upon hearing bombs falling in his direction he had only to throw himself flat on the floor before an H.E. bomb exploded within 40 ft. of his back door, and blew in windows, doors q,nd the larger part of · his roof, with plaster from walls and ceilings Sergeant Smith, unhurt, got up , shook off debris and dirt, and spoke to his wife

and daugp.ter, who were also unhurt, . shaken. He then quickly put on a few more clothes and taking his first aid kit went out, quietly attended to a seriously irijured man and joined his F. A. Party when it arrived Afterwards he went to assist his wife to save as much of their ho:r;ne as possible.

COMMENT.-This incident is typical of the pluck and pers everance which in similar circumstances is being exhibited througho ut the B1' itish Empire by members of t he Brigade At-Home and Overseas. T o

Sergeant H. F. Sm i th, ther efore , we tend er cordial congratulations on his action, and a,lso condolences on die injury done to his home.-N.C.F.

CASE REPORT No. 213 .-The Officer-inCharge of Midland Area, West Riding of Yorkshire, S. J .A.B., reports the efficient performance of first aid by a member of the Farsley Division in the followi n g circumstances :-

On June 15, Private W. Burrill was o n duty at the Savoy Cinema, Stanningley, when at 9.45 p.m. he received a call to a garage nearby. On arrival he fou n d that a motor mechanic had been overcome by fumes , his face being deathl y white and his breathing bein g imperceptible. Private Burrill at once applie d artificial respiration with which he persevered until 10.30 p .m., when natur al breathing was resumed just as a doctor arrived. The latter complimented Private Burrill on saving the life of his patien t, and shortly afterwards gave permissi on for the patient to be removed home in a state of stupor, from which he recover ed at 5.30 a.m. next day

COMMENT.-The first object of first a id is to save life. Private W. Bur,yill, therefo re, merits cordial congratulations in that on this occasion he accomplished the heart's desire of every first aider and by his prompt and efficient treatment rescued a patie'n t from what seemed almost certain death.N.C.F.

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

TREATMENT OF FRACTURED LEG

G. S. (Bradford).-Please be good enough to l et us know the correct tre'atment of a fractured leg when first aider is single-handed. As we r ead the Textbook we consider that five bandages are 4 required, but some say that the instructions indicate the use of six bandages. If you re-read the instructions on p. 92 you will realise that six ba1idages are r-equired when you q,re singZe -h anded. Th e extra bandage is used to tie feet and ankles at the outset of you'l; treatment oj fractured

leg. When this has been applied the T ex tbook tells you to " pass the (five) banda ges round both legs in the order shown irL Fig. 51."-N.C.F.

TREATMENT OF CAMPHOR POISONING

P. S. (York).-Recently I read abo ut the death of a boy from camphor poiso ning. As I do not know how we shou ld treat such a case, I shall. be grateful jf you will tell me the correct lines on whi ch I should act.

Summon doctor and treat as for non264

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corrosiv e poisonin g. Administer eme tic at earliest moment w h'ile patien·t is conscious and able to swallow. Afterwards concentrate on the treatment of shock, keeping the patient recumbent an d weU wrapped up in blankets. Giv e hot drinks and apply hot w ater bottles if available.-N C.F.

ASPHYXIA AND TORN ARTERY

A. G. (Kibworth).-Recently two of us had a discussion on the treatment of a patient who was not breathing and was also sufferin g from a fractured pelvis and bleeqin g from a torn artery I insisted that the Textbook requires us to treat the bleeding first. My friend, however, said that he would not apply a tourniquet first because , the heart bein g stopped , there would b e no flow from th e heart. Your decisi o n will be welcomed. Your frie nd forgets · that th e heart may continue to act for f our or five minu tes after breath ing has ceased and conse qu ently that in the circum,stances stated th ere may be some bleeding, although as a general ru le this is not usually severe, owing to the weakened action of th e heart.

Whe11 , th erefore, asphyxia is accompanied by a torn main artery it is always good fir st aid at the outset of treatment to place a tourniquet in position but not to tighten it unless (and unti l) severe bleeding takes place with th e re-estab lishment of breathing.-N.C.F. '

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BANDAGES FOR FRACTURED LEG

A. G. , (Kibworth). - (l) When singlehanded we have to treat a patient for fractured leg do we place a figure-ofeight bandage round both ankles and feet before the splint is placed in positiqn and then another figure-of-eight bandage over the first one but enclosing the splint ?

(2) Also, when no splint is available, do we apply ordinary bandages straight round ankles and feet or do we apply a figure-of-eight banda ge round ankle and feet? The presence of a comma between feet and ankles in last paragraph on p' 92 of Textbook makes me uncertain on this point Meanwhile my best thanks for your answers to queries which ar e always interestin g and instructive.

(1) Yes

(2) Th e presence of a cornma betwee n feet ank les in the last paragraph on 1:. 92 'ts an error " and th e bq,ndage requirBd 2S a figure-oj-eight which embraces both ankles and f ee t. - N.C.F.

SALES OF FIRST AID TEXTBOOK

P: N. (So uth Kensington).-To settle a dispute please st ate how man y copIes of the First Aid Textbook have been sold to date by th e Association.

Th e total is over 7,000 ,000 copies.N.C .F.

Giving hints on the Bugle, Drum and Flute, also Parade Formations, use of Parade Cane Staff, etc., 6d. post paid. (Broken). Po.t fle.h hoop. Ready lapped head returned .ame day received.

Henry POTTER & Co.

36/38 West St., Charlng Cross Rd. LONDON, W.C.2 CLASSIFIED ADVERTISEMENT

S

Ad'lJrtis6mrntJ with r6mitttr1U6 should be mit to '1m St John Ambulane, Gac.elll, I I/I 3 Bream's Buildings, Ch4neeQ Lane, lAndon, E.C.4,. 2d. per word, minimum 3!

SCENT CARDS AND SACHBTS. printed with your announcements, are splendid money raisers and show 300% profit. Samples free on request.-AIRXDAL K PRESS Bradford

144 SCENT CARDS, 6/- 1,000 35/6. Ticke ts

Obtainable rrom : Rubber Stamps.-TICIIS, 11, Oaklands Grove, I' London, W.12.

EVERYTHING FOR SAFETY EVERYWHERE

c NOVOX' and C NOVITA' Oxygen + COz or Oxygen RESUSCITATI NG APPARATUS for the apparently asphyxiated or drowned. SMOKE HELMETS of all Patterns.

• PROTO' and 'SALVUS' OXYGEN BREATHING APPARATUS

• PURETHA' GAS MASKS for Naval, Military and Industrial purposes and for Civilian use.

ALL A.R.P. EQUIPMENT

DUST and SPRAY MASKS and all other Safety and Protective Devices.

SIEBE, GORMAN & Co., Ltd. LONDON, S.E.I

on the uses of IODINE for many common ailments including Th e Common Cold, Influenza Asthma and Hay Fever

I odine has a wide field of service in medicine and therapy. Man y up-to-date therapeutic and prophylactic uses of iodin e are des cri bed in our new bull etin " Th e H ygi ene of War." Write for a copy t o -day

IODINE EDUCATIONAL BUREAU 39, Stone House, Bishopsgate, London, E.C.2

THE

FOUNTAIN

PRESS

11/13, BREAM'S BUILDINGS, CHAN<;ERY I,.ON[)QN, E.C.4.

URGENTLY WANTED.-Part o r Whole Second · hand Boy Cadet Uuiforms.-Superintenden t WILD, 3, Arden Street, New Mills, Stockport. 266

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Telephone: PAIDDINGTON 1001

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Telegrams: GARROULD, LONDON 150-162, EDGWARE ROAD, LONDON, W.2

In order TO OBTAIN UNIFORMS FOR OFFICERS & MEMBERS, an arrangement has been made between the Board of Trade and the St. John Ambulance Association, particulars of which can be obtained from the Officer in charge.

Uniform by Garrould ensu r es co r rect design, high grade selected for smartness and hard wear.

PERMIT OR OFFICIAL HEA DED PAPE R MUST ACCOMPA NY EVE RY ORD ER.

PRICES OF OFFICERS' UNIFORMS AND OTHER ITEMS NOT MENTIONED IN THIS AD VERTISEMENT

SENT POST FREE

All prices are liable to advance wIthout notice

SJ.A. NEW REGULATION APRONS for Ambulance Sisterl. Made from hard-wearing IInen-tlnl s hed apron cloths Price Indudes cross. Waist: 26, 28, 30 or 32 In. 26, 28, 10, 32 In. 6/6

WaIsts: 31. lengths: 26,28, 30, nln. 7/6

Waist: 37 In , 1/11

S.J .A. NEW REGULATION COAT

Cut and tailored from fully Ihrunk and showerproofed material, half (( ne d wIth grey Italian cloth. Prices Includ e buttonl. An official order for H Q. to supply UI wIth badges and buttons must be lent with every order. Women's Sizes 90/O.S. 95/6 Ex. O.S . 105/.

STOCK SIZES-Women'l :

Bust : 32,32,33 ,34,35,36,36,36,37,38,38 ,39

Lgth.: 44 ,46 ,44,<46 ,<45 ,44 ,46,48,47,-46,48,48

O.S. 40, 40, 40, 42 X.O.S. 44, 46 <46, 48, 50, 48 48, 48

S J.A. REGULATION HAT (or Officerl Fur Felt, 29/6 and Wool Felt, 19/11 , Ambulance Sisterl, Felt , 16/11. Badges are only obtainable from H.Q. Size.: 6.,61 , 6t , 61. 7 , 71,71, 7t Storm Cap 13/6.

NEW REGULATION DRI!SS for Ambulance Sisterl. Made from good quality Sanforized - Shrunk wa s hln, material.

Bodice unlined, Women 's. 21/6

Bodice lined, Women'l 24/6

OFF DUTY DRESSES

In Grey Matalalne Wm'. Made to Meuure Wm ' s In Grey Lystav Women's STOCK SIZES (Women's) : 59/11 6'7/. 15/.

Bust: 34, 34, 36, 36, 36 , 38, 38, 38, IS

WaIst: 26, 26, 28, 28, 28, 30, 30, 31, J I

Skirt: 28, 30, 28, 30, 32, 30, n, 30, 32

REGULATION CAP for Ambulance Sisters,27 by 18 Ins or 28 by 19 In • , 2/8

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NUMERALS

OBTAINABLE FROM HEADQUARTERS ONLY

:3ourn af of t6e (P ri ot B in t6e OI3rifis6 (lleafm of ' t6e (]en er?-6fe of f6e l)o.6Vito.f of !S f. 3"o6 n of .3erusafem

VOL. 15. N o. I I NOVEMBER, 1942

CONTENT S:

EDITORIAL

COMPULSORY HOME GUARD ENROLMENT

PHYSIOLOGY IN FIRST AID

POLICE AMBULANCE NEWS ON ACTIVE SERVICE

THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE BRIGADE OVERSEAS

STORES NOTICES POST- WAR RECONSTRUCTION

& SCOTTISH RAILWAY TRAINED NURSES

CADET NEWS

THE ST. J OHN AMBULANCE BRIGADE AT-HOME VISITS OF LADY LOUIS MOUNTBA TTEN

PRIORY FO R WALES

AWARD FOR GALLANTRY

INTERESTING CASE REPORTS

QUESTION S AND ANSWERS

EDITORIAL OFFICES :

(A ll r e ports , etc ., sho ul d r each ;be Edito r not later than the 28th of the month.)

\, PUBLISHINd OFFICE S : 11 -13 , BRE A M'S BUILr: 'NGS, LON DO N, E.C A.

OUNDS,

BURNS,

HE.AL RAPIDLY and WILL NOT TURN SEPTIC IF TREATED WITH

CUTANEOUS VACCINE OINTMENT

BE 'CAUSE

one or 9 ther or a ll of the thre e races of germs , Streptococci, Staphy locoGci and B.p yo cyaneus are found in every skin infection common to this country , and ANTIPEOL OINTMENT contains the anti bo dies (antivirus) of these germs. Healing is expedited by the pro ved in gredi ents of t he ointm ent , and septic development is stopp e d or prevented by its antivirus sterile v accine filtrates. A NTIPEOL OINTMENT is unsurpassed for B U R N S and SCA LDS, for it is microbi c ide and nonadhesiv e, and dressings do not require to be chan ge d every day

RHINO-ANTIPEOL

aff o rds rapid relief of COlVIlVION COLDS , INFLUENZA, AND CATARRH . Containing the antibodies of the germs common to infections of the nose and pharynx (Staphylococci, Streptococci, B pyocyaneus, pneumococci, pneumobacilli, enterococci, M catarrhalis, B Pfeiffer), Rhino-Antipeol is not just a palliative, but is a remover of the cause of the infection. During epidemics it is the ideal preventive of microbic development.

OPHTHALMO-ANTIPEOL

is a semi- fl uid 0intment, more convenient than the ordinary Antipeol ointment for ocular and lesl oJ:,S . Eyes affected by smoke and dust are soothed almost immediately b :r t h e application of Ophthalmo-Antipeol, and the antivirus prevents developing.

Cli. nical Samples on request from MEDICO-BIOLOGICAL LABORATORIES LTD. , - CARGREEN ROAD, SOUTH NORWOOD, LONDON, S.E.2S ' 270

t13e (!)fficio.f 3ourno.f of t13e in f13e O$rifis13 (Reo.fm of l:13e of f13e i,5os.pifo.f of 3013n of 3eruso.fem

Edited by GEORGE E. CRAFT, F.R.S.A.

V OL. 15. No. I I

EDITO RIAL

Since t he o u t br eak of war, and more especiall y since enemy air attacks have b ee n made on this country, many enquiries have been received by the St J ohn Ambulance Association for books on war-time fi r st aid. Some corresponde nts h ave even suggested t hat a new book on emergency first aid should be pub l ished by the Assoc i ation, but it has been pointed o u t that the Association is concer n ed with general first aid treatment and not with any sp e cific treatmen t F urthermo r e, i t lias been emp h asised on nume r o u s occasions by docto r s and oth ers th a t t h ose who have passed the Association's examination are well ab l e to r eali se t h e impo rt ance of emergency treatment should the emergency arise .

The r e are n u mero u s books on the market, some good, some very ind i fferen t , in wh ich th e a uth or of each h ad given h is O'\VIl i deas as to how the treatment of certain in ju ries shou l d be done, consequently there are many ways of treating the same in ju ry .

After n um ero u s discussions and consultations with doctors, wardens an d others who h ave h ad experience . with war casua lties the Government have dec i ded t o iss u e an officia l pub lication containing the latest and the authorised instr u ction. This p u blication , w h ich wi ll be known as " Air Raid Precautions: Handboo k No. 10-Trai ning in First Aid for Civil Defence P ur poses," ",,,ill be iss u ed b y t h e end or November, and will be on sa l e at any of H.1I. Stationery Offices or ob t a in ab l e t hr o u gh any booksell er. The pri ce will probably be abo u t Is. T h e new p u b li catio n w ill r eplace the previ ous A.R .P. Handbook No. 10.

Civil D efe n ce worke r s, and more espec i a ll y the trained first aid personne l , w ill welcome th e p u b lication of such instr u ctio n s It is pointed out that t h e b ook is n ot i ntended to u pset t h e basic training as contained in the St. John " F irst A id to t h e I njured," and tha t before recei ving instructions on the new Training Man u a l a ll member s must fi r st obtain a certificate of one of the recogn ise d fir st a i d t each ing o r ganisations.

COMPULSORY HOME GUARD ENROLMENT

T h e Chie f Commissione r of t h e St. J oh n A mbul ance B ri ga d e l1as b een adv ise d by t he Ministry of L a bou r an d N ati ona l S er vic e t h a t m em bers of the Brigad e are excepte d from comp ul sory enro lment i n t he H om e Gu ar d and fro m p art -tim e service in th e Polic e and Civ jl D efence Se rvices. (M in istry Referen c e: E.M. 15040 / 1942. 22,10,19 4 2 ). 271

P'HYSIOLOGY IN

By ' M. M. Scott, L.R.C.P.

(J\([e11'/,ber of the Textbook Revision Committee and Divisional Surgeon, S

..J.A.B.)

THE ALIMENTARY SYSTEM

The Alimentary is that placed far b.ack in the Pharynx where group of structures .Wh1Ch the it is attached to the Hyoid Bone. The body to dIgest and absorb upper surface is referred to as the foodstuffs.' and the Dorsum, and has a velvety appearance waste resIdue been due to numerous small projections completed. Pnmanly there IS the known as Papillae. The ::Caste Buds, A12menta.ry Canal, a tubular struc- which convey appreciation of bitter, ture WhICh passes from the month s'weet, salt and sour tastes to the brain, ,above to the anus below, so that it is are situated in the mucus membrane. exp-osed to the exterior at each All other tastes and flavours are in extremity. point of fact r eally smells, so that the Fr.om above dowll:"Tards, the canal site of their appreciation is in the nose. consIsts of the followmg parts :- This accounts for the lack of taste l\Iouth. which often occurs in patients suffering Pharynx (throat). from head colds

Oesophagus (gullet) The Teeth Stoma.ch. There are two sets 01 teeth to be Small. Intestine (duodeJ;lum , je- considered: (a) the temporary set junum, and ileum). and (b) the permanent set.

Intestine. ' The temporary teeth are twenty in The 1VIouth number, ten in each jav,' , so that from The fUJ;lctions of the mouth are the the mid line, counting towards the reception and mastication of food, side of the jaw, there are tv,TO Incisors, and, moreover, it is here tnat the one Canine and two Molars. saliva mixes with the food thus The Permanent teeth number thirtyinitiating the digestion of two, i.e., sixteen in each ja,v, arranged starches. The region in front of the from the mid line to the side of a jaw teeth and gums is sometimes referred to as the Vestibule, while the region behind is known as the Cavity. The walls of the mouth are composed partly of bone and partly of muscle. The cheeks and a large part of the lips are formed by the right and left Buccinator muscles. The floor is formed by tongue resting on the Mylo-hyoid muscle, and the roof by the Hard Palate, behind which is the muscular Soft Palate . The Uvula is the small proj ection which hangs down behind from the sof t palate. Normally Buccinator muscles keep the gums lD close contact with the gums and cheek, so that the vestibule is then no more than a narrow chink.

The mouth is lined throughout mternally by a fine structure known as Mucus Membrane, and where this c:o:rerq the processes qf the jaws it is thIckened to form the gums.

The Tongue

This is composed of muscle, covered by mucus membrane. Its root is

as follows-two Incisors, one Canine, two Premolars, thr ee Molars. The average age at which an infant commences to cut his first teeth is six months, the incisors (usually the lower) being the first to show themselves. At the age of two, the child shou ld have a complete set of temporary tee th. The permanent teeth begin to rep lace the temporary ones when the ch ild is about six years of age, and wit h the exception of the last Molars, sho uld be fully erupted by the thirteenth year. The last Molars may not appear until as late as the twentyfift h year, which accounts for their ofte n being refei-rec;l to as Wisdom teeth. Each tooth possesses a cro"vn, a nec k and a root. The crown is that port ion which projects above the gums; the neck is surrounded by the gum s, while the root is embedded in the jaw. The centre of a tooth is ho llow and contains tooth pulp, and is therefore referred to as Pulp Cavity. Too th pulp contains blood vessels, nerve s and connective tissue cells. The body of the tooth.is composed of a hard substance known as Dentine. In the Crown region, the dentine is rein forced by a still harder material ca lled Enamel, while the root IS cove red by Cement, which serves to fix the tooth firmly in its socket.

(To be cO'Y/'ti1'lued)

POLICE AMBULANCE NEWS

Metropolitan -The final competition for the Parsons Shield was held on October 20, when ten teams competed for the hono ur of claiming the Championship of the Metropolitan Police. Previously, novo elim inating rounds had been held at which a total of 27 teams had entered. These tests were . judged by Dr. Russell Steele (team), and , Dr. Abrahams (individual) . final tests, which were very rea hstIcally staged by the Associated Bri tish Picture Corporation, under the guid ance of Mr. J. Grossman, Capt. F. E. Bend ix and Capt. W. Goodley judged the team event, and Dr. Basil Steele the in.div idual efforts. A very large crowd Witness ed the work done bY' the teams in the Town Hall. The setting represente d m the team test was that in a room in a house in which a family were sitting. At the sound of the siren the two women immediate ly took cover in the Morrison Shelter, but the stubborn" husband" and " son" continued with their game of cards Unfortunately the house was hit by a bomb and the two male members of

273

the family we r e w injured-the father suffering from a scalp wound, compound fracture of left leg, fractured ribs and. severe shock, and the boy asphyxia and severe burns on right hand.

The results were announced by Sir George Abbiss (Assistant as follows: 1st, G Division, 27St marks; 2nd, V Division, 269; 3rd, W Division, 267t. Other teams in order of merit being J, .Y, B, F, T, TA, and R. The winners of the plaque for the highest individual aggregate were G and Y, and it was decided that each team should hold the trophy fOT six months

The trophies and prizes were presented by the Home Secretary, who paid tribute to the work of the Police, and congratulated them on their efficiency.

Sir Philip Game, Commissioner, thanked the Home Secretary for his words of praise, and also for giving up his time to present the trophies

Leyton.-On October 24, J Division Regulars and Specials entertained the City of London Regulars and Specials when the annual friendly competition was revived. Capt. W. Goodley (Commissioner, No.1 District, S.J.A.B.) jud ged the event, which was won by the City B team, followed by J Specials, City A, City Specials, and ,J Regulars. Supt. Brazier presided at tea which followed and presented the trophy, a piece of the Guildhall Oak Roof suitably inscribed, to the captain of the winning team (P. C. McDermott) and congratulated the competitors on their work. Capt. Griffiths (Assistant Commissioner, City) thanked Capt. Goodley for judging the event and J Division for their kind hospitality. Capt. Goodley spoke of the excellent first aid competition work which Police teams now put up. Among those who attended the function were Chief Constable Martin, Commandant Foxon (City Specials), and many other officers and officials of both forces.

ON ACTIVE SERVICE

The Coun.ty Commissioner for Cheshire regrets to report the deaths of the following members :

Private J. L. Cullinan, Birkenhead North End Division, died while on active service in the ear East.

J. H. Cornish, Claughton DlvlslOn, lost at sea while serving with the Royal Navy on H.M .S. Belmont, January 31, 194 2 .

Private T. Gurnell, Birkenhead North End Division, killed in flying accident while serving ",rith the R.A .F Private P. Glennon, Birkenhead Post Office Division, killed 'by enemy action, March, 1941.

Cadet K. Campbell, Birkenhead North End Cadet Division, killed by enemy action, May, 1941.

2

3J obn , jljrtgabe Q&bets£as

, HONG KONG-

The Chief CGlmmissioner Brigade Overseas ha£ received the following information from a reliable source :-

That CommissioneF Raymond and most of the members of the Brigade are safe, althou gh they have lost everything . They are living three couples in a room, but the quarters are clean and healthy; the food is not abundant but at l east sufficient.

This news was sent from Hong Kong in May.

AUSTRALIA

N ew S outh Wales D istrict.-The report fo r 1941 from this District contains so much interesting matter that it is difficult to do it justice in the small space available.

The eno rm ous demands, in consequence of the war, made upon the Brigade for its services by the general public and the authorities have been fully met as the result of sufficient organisation, despite the heavy drain on our strength through enlistments for service abroad and com.:" pul sory call -u p for Home Defence.'

Three Ambulance and three Nursing Division£ have be en formed and-. two Cadet Ambulance Divisions. The personnel totals 3,274, and the number of c ases attended at p l easure re£orts, sports, etc., was 88,125.

A Vote of Thanks on Vellum has been awarded to Lady Supt. Mrs. S. Beattie, of the Sydney Town Hall Nursing Division, for distinguished services r endered to the Order; while Div. ,Supt K. Lipman, of th e "Waverley Divi£ion, was mentioned in despatches for services in the evacuation of Greece.

After somewhat protracted ne gotiations a Commandery of the Order of St. John of Jeru salem for the Commonwealth of Australia ('iVestern Australia excepted) has been established, with the headquarter s fixed in Sydney.

Two Service Medals, one 1st Bar, and one 2nd Bar have been awarded, as well as eight Grand Prior's Badges to Cadets.

Two X-ray Mobile Units have been presen ted to the Military authorities , these being bought Qut of a fund s tarted at the close of the previous year and known as the "Brig ade 'iVar Effort Fund." _

to the difilculty of obtaill1ing 'men for stretcher work, some of our d etachment s have offered their services for First Aid Parties. Many of the members instruct and give lectures to National Emergency Groups.

Each Corps reports that consid erabl e progress has been l11.acle during the year and also the additional amount of work that is being done. The Ambulance Divisions are under- staffed owing to so many of the members having enlisted, but the keenness and efficiency of those left enable the Brigade to give help many directions, such as A R.P., N.E.s. T a s well as their peace-time activities.

Each Corps Superintendent emphasises the loyalty and willingness of all th e officers and members. to give assistanc e wherever and whenever possible in th e true tradition of this ancient Order.

STORES NOTICES

It is announced that owing to increase d costs the price of Textbooks have increased as follows: t First Aid to th e Injured " now 2s. limp cover; all Preliminary publications are advanced fro m 6d. to 9d. each.

Greetings Cards for Christmas ar e available to members of the Order , Association and Brigade at 4s. per dozen , po!3t free.

- POST-WAR RECONSTRUCTION

, The course of lectures arranged by Mrs Lionel de Rothschil d on Post-War Recons truction with special reference to Franc e commenced on Saturday , November 14 , at Beaumont Hall, Beaumont Grov e , Stepney, London , E.1; and members ot the Brigade and other interested person ,.; will be welcome at the following lectures which will be given by two Colonels in th e French Medical Service and Madam tErrera Stadler. Each l ecture commenc e s at 3 p.m.

HOME GUARD INSTRUCTION

Members of the Home Guard arc comin g. fonvar d in l arge numbers f OJ instruction in first aid. In many cas es units of the Home Guard orgariise th eir own classes, but this is not always possible Organisers of classes are therefo r e particularly requested to make a poin t to forward to local units of the Ho m e Guard particulars of cla'Sses which are about to be held, and t o invite them t o join s uch classes.

The entire available membership of the Brigade has been p l aced at the disposal of the Government to assist with the NatiOI'lal Emergency Services in th e event 'of e nemy action. Perso nn el from Am bulance and Nursing Divisions have FOUND been supplied, not only for training pur- Medalli on No. 409868 on 'P1umpto n poses , hut to form the nucleus of the staff Racecou r se. Owner can obtain same on at the many Aid Posts. Some of the application to Co unty Commissioner David members completely staff and contro l the Bryce, Sandycroft, Chesworth Clos e, First Aid Post at Camperdown, and owing Horsham, Sussex. 274

THE IDEAL LECTURER

(C ontinued from page 252, . Oct ober, 1942 , iss1>te)

The Lectures.-As to the delivery of the lecture its elf, this must, of course, depend to a great extent on the personality of the . lecturer, and it is not proposed here to attempt to lay down any rules: indeed, it wo uld be an impertinence to do so. The following notes are, however, given in the hope that they may be of some assistance to those who are not used to lecturing.

The u se of not es, or otherwise , is a matter of individual preference. The inexperien c ed l ect urer, however, would well ad vised to prepare some of hIS lecture if only as a means of keeplllg to a timetab l e After a l ecturer has given several courses on the same s ubject he will probably find that he can with notes altogether, and once thIS proficiency has been attained there is no dou bt that the lecture will gain in force if the speaker can talk direct to the class without the aid of notes. The lecturer should not read whole pages from the textbook to the class. The students thi nk that they can do this an d prefer that the l ecturer should interpret the instructions in the If this' exp l anation can be amplIfied b'y illustrations drawn from the doctor s personal experience so better, for in all forms of public speaking that which comes from personal experience is always more forceful.

Many lecturers find that a l ea of humour in their lectures IS a b.erp III maintainin g interest to the class. This again depends on the doctor's own personality, but he should never be humorous at a student's expense particularly when answering a question, for however absur.d a question may appea r to the doctor It may be all important to the student. Very often the students are sh;: speak out at question-time and If thIS IS the case the Class Secretary might be instr ucted to ask a to start the ball rolling. Alternatively, the lecturer may find it helpful to ask the candidates questions, but this must be done tactfu lly because the nervouS type- of student may be frightened into staying away from the class. evertheless, it is excellent practice for the st ud ents in preparation for the examination.

If the l ecturer can spare j:he time, it is a good plan to set the class so much" homework" which ensures that their study of the textbook will be methodical, and if they know tha.t they are likely t o be questioned on their "homework" they will probably b e m o re thorough in their preparation.

The lecturer should not introduce into his lecture too many medical terms or treatment of subjects which do not appear in the textbook. must remember that the syllabus of mstruction, thou gh very elementary from his p oint of view, is· not 's o to the students, and they should not be confused or made to feel that they are out of their depth.

The use of models and the blackboard has much to commend it. When using the blackboard there is no need fo r a great proficiency. in drawing to be attained, but it is as well to practIse the drawing of diagrams on the before making a first attempt m public as blackboard drawing is somewhat harder than it appears.

The lecturer should not talk too fast, and should frot be afraid of repeating a definite instruction so that it may be retained by the students, especially the lecturer vvishes them to make a wntten note in their notebooks.

OBITUARY

We regret to announce the death of Capt. Charles Thomes, Corps Dewsbury and District Corps, WhICh occurred on October 2 . Capt. Th orn es, one of the oldest Brigade members in the West Riding of Yorkshire, obtaiI?-ed his first certificate in 1892, voucher m 1893, and medallion in 1894. He joined the Dewsbury Division in 1896 , and had therefore 46 years' service in Brigade, 3:nd 50 years' connection WIth the ASSOCIatIOD. In 1907 he was admitted as an Hon. Serving Brother of the Order, and in 1912 awarded the Service Medal. His record of serv ice included General Secretary Heavy Woollen District Centre from 1912 to 1940 ; Secretary of the Dewsbury Ambu lance Division in 1896, and of the Dewsbury and District Corps from 1900. From 1920 to 1942 he was Treasurer of the Corps. He served with the R.A.M.C. during the Great "VVar , being to the rank of captain.

We regret to announce the of Ambulance Sister Mrs. E. E "White, WJ:lO died on September 23. She joined the Lincoln Corps in 1928, and ,vas a keen and indefatigable member. At the ou t · break of war she became a full-time member of the Civil Defence, until some six weeks before her death.

We regret to report the death on September 30 of Lady County Officer Mrs. Hodgson at Guildford. She had worked assiduously throughout the war for the ' Red Cross and St. John Joint War Organisation, and the Hospital Supply SerVIce m A memorial service was held at St. Nlcola.E ; Ch urch, Guildford, at which many members of the Brigade and other organisations paid their la st respects 275.

CARD GAMES

Two suggested card games have' been received from readers.

The first from G. C. Jones, of the RA.M.C., is designed tQ give practice in the principles of first aid treatment and collection of wounded. Primarily intended for RA.M.C. recruits, it can be made applicable to C.D. Services. Briefly the material required is two Or more small wooden boxes modelled to represent ambulances (with accommodation for 2 lying and 4 sitting cases, 8 sitting cases, or 4 lying cases), and two · :,t!ts of cards (a) to represent patients (6) to represent treatments. The game is played in ,the following way :-Players are divided into two sections representing A Company and B Company. They are seated at A.D.S. tables with an M.O. or senior N .C .O. at a third (M D.S.) table. Each companY is given a set of patients' cards and a set of treatment cards. Their task is to add to each patient card the appropriate treatment card(s). For example: Patient card (with name and rank of supposed casualty) states" Fractured left femur; arterial hcemorrhage."

The treatments cards required are, therefore, Thomas Splint, tourniquet, and treat for shock. When ambulance load has been completed, it is taken to the M.D.S. table for unloading. The company which first treats and collects its wounded being the winner. Points are deducted for wrong or incomplete treatments, wrong loading. etc. The distance between the tables should be reckoned as half-anhour's travelling; thus it would be necessary for teams to give some treatment (such as lo osening of tourniquet) during transport.

The second card , game is from G. H. Bradbury and G. W. Mathews, of Nottingham. Their suggestion is that ,two different colQured packs 'of cards should be available: one for "Case 'J... and the other for" symptoms and/or tnratment," the latter being dealt among the players. The case cards are turned 'up one at a time and the player holding the correct treatment card scores points according to the value of the card. For example, should case "Acid poison" turn up a player h()lding the card "Give Alkali" scores points, but should he play Give emetic" he loses points or is out of the game.

The preparation of the cards is left to the discretion of the individual and both suggested ga.mes are passed on. to readers for own amusement.

The cards may, of course, be pictorial, and points added according to the actual injury.

Lon.don .Midland & Scottish Railway , Acc<Drding .to the 17th annual report of the L.M.S. Ambulance Centre the number of students passing examinations and reo examinations dUling the year ended June 30, 1942, was 7,499 (including 851 members serving with the Forces). This is an increase of 23 over the previous year, which is an excellent result. During the past 12 months five Meritorious First Aid Certificates were awarded for exceptional services rendered. Certificates for Long Service Medals and Bars (to be exchanged for the appropriate award as soon as circumstances permit) were gained by many members, and since the formation of the Centre '4,159 Long Service Medals, 1,941 twenty-year Bars, 889 Bars for 25 years, 418 for 30 years, 126 for 35 years, 21 for 40 and four for 45 years, have been gained by members in England and \Vales. Twenty members were admitted as Serving Brothers to the Order of St. John, whilst two were awarded the Vellum Vote of Thanks.

Mr. Gilbert S. Hill, the General Ambulance Secretary, pays tribute to the assistance given by members of the medical profession and lllany others, also to the St. John Ambulance Association and the Priory for Wales.

In addition to the foregoing· some 2,000 members of the staff in Scotland were successful at examinations and 2,487 Long Service Medals and Bars have been gained.

Derby.-The presentation of awards for the 1942 examination was made by Lieut.-Colonel H. Rudgard (Div. Supt. of Operations), supported by Lieut.Colonel J. W. Watkins, at a well-attended meeting "'of the Derby Railway Offices ambulance class. Mr. J. Harris (Div. \Velfq.re Supervisor) presided; the awards included one 15 year Long Service Gold Medal. As a mark of appreciation gifts were presented to Dr. C. Penny and Instructors T. Burnham and G. Dale. The secretary of the class, Mr. W. Hatch, hoped that many ' new members would enrol for the new course.

TRAINED NURSES

The Ambulance Committee of the ·Order of St. John decided at its last meeting that Trained Nurses who lecture gratuitously to not less than four classes on the syllabus of the Home NUrsing course of the St. John Ambulance Association shall be eligible for election to the list of Honorary Life Members of the Association.

«abet j}rros

On October 3 and 4 a Cadet Officers' Trainting course was held in London under the direction of Lieut.-Col. J. E. MccGwire (Chief Officer Ambulance Cadets). Sir John Duncan Commissioner) addressed the gathenng .of representatives from every !?lStrict and County, pOlllhng out the Importance of Cadet movement.

The followmg was the programme:Planning the Formation of Cadet Divisions (District Officer W. Noble, West Sussex and Mr. G. E. Craft); Meeting Youth for the first time and Demonstration of Procedure at the Cadet First Night (County ' Officer West Sussex); Brigade Forms (Dlstnct Staff Officer J. S. Hannam, Asst. Brigade Secretary, H.Q.); Publicity (Mr. G. E. Craft, Editor of THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE); Efficiency (District Officer Walsby , No. 1 District); Proficiency (Asst. Commissioner W. Trotter, West Sussex); Reading for Cadets (Mr. H. G. Massey , Librarian, Kensington); How to Talk to Youth and Hints on Planning Talk (Asst. Commissioner Capt. A. C. White Knox, M.C., M.B., No.1 District) ; History of the Order (Mr. H. PirieGordon, Director of Ceremonies, ChapterGeneral); Competitions (County Officer F Trott, Sussex); The Cadet (Asst. Commissioner Trotter). Concluding the course Col. MccGwire expressed thanks to the representatives for their attendance; whilst thanks to Col. MccGwire and his band of lecturers was expressed by County Officer Harris on behalf of all present.

Worcester.-On October 3 a one-day Training Course was held at · Worcester and was attended by nearly 100 members. The instruction was given by Staff Officer Miss V. Cunard (Headquarters). Mrs. Allan (formerly Physical Training Organiser of the ational Association of Girls' Clubs) gave a lecture and demonstrated " The Value of Physical Training with some suggestions for Games," whilst a talk on the History of the Order was given by Dr. Severne Mac Kenna (Corps Surgeon -Reserve, Droitwich). The cou:r;se concluded with a lecture by County Commiss ioner Dr. F. L. Newton on "Competitions , includin g faking of injuries."

During the afternoon Staff Officer Miss Cunard presented the Grand Prior's Cadet Badge to Cadet Corpl. Brenda Barnes, formerly of the Malvern Cadet Nursing Division and now attached to the Bromsgrove Nursing Division. ·

West Cornwall.-Teams from West Cornwall competed for trophies presented by County Cadet Officer V. Baker. The

judges were County Officer T. C. Tresidder (teams) and Cadet Supt. J. G. Barrett (individuals), the results being: West Cornwall cup for squad work: 1, Camborne No.5 Squad, witJ:t Falmouth Nos. 2 and 6 Squads tiein g for second place. The Individual trophy was won by R F. Carr, Falmouth, followed by F. Cudlip, Illogan, and G .coughtrey, Chasewater. County Officer A. M. Blackwood, who presented . the awards, announced that she would present a cup for Nursing Cadets if a similar contest was organised for girls. Commissioner W. Blackwood urged the Cadets to learn to work as teams. If the team spirit existed in the world it would be a happier place. He expressed indebtedness to Mr. Baker, who was wholly responsible for -the competitions and had also given the prizes : Bromley.-The enrolment ceremony of the Bromley Nursing Cadet Division was held on October 1 by Lady District Officer for Cadets, Mrs. Cheyney. Among those present were Lady Campbell (President of the 76th Nursing Divi.sion), Dr. K. E. Tapper (M.O.H.), Lady District Officer Miss Grindley, who presided, Miss M. Burton (Lady Cadet Officer-elect) an.d others. Some 43 girls have passed then examination and 26 others are. probationers. Mrs Cheyney congratulated all concerned, and especially Miss Pettman, superintendent-elect, on forming such a sp lendid Division. Lady Amb. Officer Mrs. Godfrey moved a vote of thanks, whilst Miss Pettman expressed thanks to Mrs. Godfrey and Lady Amb. Officer Miss Regan, who had instructed the girls in first aid. Dr. Tapper said that membership of the Order of St. John w.as something to be proud of, as they would dIScover if they read the history of the OrdeI. Ha ilsham.-Certificates gained by 31 girls and 27 boys were presented by County Officer Miss Trill and Asst. CO.rrimissioner C. E. Heywood at a meetmg held recently. Supt. G. A. Thornton presided and gave particulars of the work already carried out by the Hailsham Cadets. Since the Divisions were formed about six months ago the Boys had collected by Id. or 2d. contributions the sum of £9 ISs. and the girls about £14. These amounts are to be used for uniforms , etc.

The three top candidates in the examination were presented with special prizes given by the officers of the senior Divisions.

After tea a short entertainment given by the Cadets.

Dorlling."'-On Sunday, October 18, ·a combined Ambulance and Nursing Cadets.' church parade was held at the Methodist Church, the service being conducted by (Continued on page 282)

277

arbe 31 obn rirtgabe

HEADQUARTER NOTES Officer Tottle, County Cadet Officer

- Lady District Officer Thomas, CO["PS Surgeon P. S. Martin, and Dun1?ar-Nasmitl1 ha;s been ap- divisional officers. pmnted AssIstant Lady Superintendent- After the inspection Col. Sleeman in-Chief and to act as the Deputy to the conwlimented the parade on its turnout Lady Superintendent-in-Chief; Lady Dis- and the excellent work done by members trict Officer Mrs. McKenna has been during the blitz on \iVeston. He pointed appointed Assistant Lady' Superintendent- out the great necessity of complete coin-Chief. operation with all branches of Civil Badges of Rank.-These are bein g Defence. He felt sure that they would issued in ' rotation as supplies become always continue to live up to the tradition available. It is feared that the abnormal of the Order of St. John, which was th e against very small metal supplies oldest Order of Chivalry in existence. will cause delay. It is regretted that the Col. Sleeman also visited the Ambulimited staff at the Stores Department do lance Headquarters, where he praised not permit orders being acknowledged, tp.e members on the way they had underbut every ende avour is being made to taken the heavy work of re-decoration execute them with as little delay as He also visited the F.A. Post which is possible. manned by a corr. bined St. John and Red No.1 (PRINCE OF Cross staff, all voluntary, and which DISTRICT functioned so- well durin g the raid in spite HIGHBURY.-On September 23 the of one half having been put out of action , Highbury Nursing Division (formed in and two of the staff severely wounded. January of this year) heard an interesting Before the parade dismissed the Comtalk on "The Duties of a First Aider" missioner proposed a vote of thanks to which was given by Dr. Alice M. Penneil, Col. Sleeman for his visit and exhorted O.B.:E. Afterwards Lady District Officer those present to profit by the address .J.. Mrs. Rayner presented awards O'ained they had heard. during the year. D GLoucEsTER. -Th e annual inspecti on SrANMoRE.-On · September 30 some of the Gloucester "Rotol" Ambulance 340 members of the C.D., Hendon and Nursing Divisions was made by Col. National Servic e (Casualties) Association, Sleeman (Chief Commiss i oner, Brigade Stanmore First Aid Association, and Overseas), accompanied by County Comothers were entertained by the Stanmore missioner Dr. Barret-Cardew , Asst . ComSection of the Brigade. The entertain- missioner H . J. Lewis, Lady County ment took the form of a M.O.I. Film Show Officer Miss D. Faber, Mr. R Stammers of general and particular interest. Asst. (general manager), and Mr. Wilkinson opened the prQ- (A.RP. Security Officer). by outlimng the history of the Supt. Dent commanded the parade an d Bngade, whilst Councillor G. F. Telfer Lady Supt. P. M. Gerard was in charge (Harrow U .D.C.) spoke on First Aid and of the nurses. After the inspection the Brigade in relation to the C.D., and demonstrations were given, followin g Supt. Shrosbee (Harrow and "Weald- which Col. Sleeman addressed th e stone Division) gave a short talk on the assembly. He was able to give a very work of the B.RC.S and St. John in war- excellent report of the smartness, keentime " ness and efficiency of the members an d On October 12 the Stanmore First Aid was impressed with the standard of th e heard a talk by Dr. H. C. work seen. Mr. Stammers endo'l'sed th e Killingback on "The Modern ' Surgical rema.rks of Col. Sleeman, whilst Div . Treatment of , Wounds." Amb. Officer Surgeon Dowler, who thanked Col. K. Stallard thanked the doctor for an Sleeman for his presence and Mr interesting evening. and the company for the help

No : 2 DISTRICT given to the Division, handed Mr. Lewis the sum of £112 to be given to Mrs WESTON-SUPER-MARE.-An inspection Churchill's" Aid to Russia Fund" the of the Weston-super-Mare Corps and the proceeds of a dance held by the a:nd Banwell Divisions, and Mr. Lewis thanked everyone at Rotol who s.ectIOns from Wedmore, Congresbury, were associated with the gift. Lympsham and other units was held on WEST SOMERsET.-Dunster Castle wa s .11 by J. L. Sleeman (Chief the venue of the rally of the Minehead , Bngade Overseas). Over Dunster, Old Cleeve and Wasford an d lPO officers, men, women and cadets were Bishop's Lydeard Nursing Divisions parade under County Commissioner Lad);' County Supt. Dr. Gladys Danby Flugh Powell, who was supported by was m charge. the inspecting officer bein g Asst. Commissioner A. Wevell, County County Commissioner Dr. Hugh Powell, 278

who was accompanied by the Countess of Cromer (Lady County President). Others present included Mrs. Geoffrey Luttrell (Lady County Vice-President), County SurO'eon W. Bain, the Earl of Cromer , and divisional ofiicers.

The inspecting officers congratulated the members on their turn01at and the work that was becomin g more and more impo rtant. He also on the increase in membershIp. In asklD g Lady Cromer t o speak, Dr. Powell a ffi rmed that they were all greatly indebted to her for the amount of work she had put in and for the interest she took in the Divisions throughout the county.

Lady Cromer, after tendering thanks to Mrs. Luttrell for her welcome, gave a most inspiring speech on the work of. the Order and the present day problems lD a wo rld passing throu gh its and str u ggles in search of new bIrth. She paId tribute to many officers of the Order who had assisted her in her work, and also to the County Commissioner, Latly . Co unty Supt Miss Poole, Dr. Danby an d Dr. Bain.

Thanks were extended by Dr. Gladys Dan by and Dr. Bain. No. 3 (EASTERN) DISTRICT LEICESTER.-At a social evening of the B.D.S.M. Co. Division, held in the Company's Institute, Mr. ,'}3' P. (president) presented the B.. P. Coo:per trophy for efficiency in first aId to Pnvate N. Ford, this year's winner, with a handsome clock, and second pnze to Sergt. F. Leeson, and third. prize to Private E. Scholes. A consolatIon pnze was presented to Private S. Morris. first round was judged by Supt. B. Bailey (Park Vale and the .final round by Div. Surgeon J. V. Tollington and Supt. R Lane (Leicester City Transport Division).

3 (WESTERN) DISTRICT

tember 22 and 29 respectively by Commissioner Major J. W Youn g, assisted by Lieut.-Col. A. Barker, who jud&,ed various first aid, home nursin g, bandagmg and work. Lady County Presideht the Countess Granville, VicePresident Mrs. W. Cunningham, and Lady County Officer Mrs. J. W. Youn g were among thoS'e present.

The work of the Cadet Divisions under Miss K. Quirk and Miss C. Moore. was particularly praised and eigI:t. J?1embers of the Ramsey Girl Cadet DIVISIOn were awarded Proficiency Badges.

The Countess Granville, the Commissioner and Lieut.-C ol. Barker expressed their pleasure at the work by the Brigade on the Island, WhiCh, although it has been in existence less than three years, has done much useful service.

No.5 DISTRICT

GRIMSBY. - An in spectio n of the Grimsby Division was held on September 29 by Asst. Commissioner M. C. Lavin, assisted b y District Officer J Paddison. The parade was under the command of District Officer W. Gott (Actin g Superintendent). . After the inspecti on Mr. Lavin complImented the members on their smart appearance and mentioned . that some 50 members of the Division were now serving with . the ·Forces. He then presented Service Medals to Corpl. Tuxworth, Corpl. Handley and Private Carter, and Medal Bars to Officer W. H. Jackson (3rd), Sergt. W. Griffiths, Staff-Sergt. J. Sedg"wick, Cadet Officer J. Aitken, Cadet Supt. R iey, CorpI. , G. Chandler, Corpl. J. Housam and Privates J. S. Readman and S F. Todd.

The Grimsby Division has the proud record of havin g in its ranks more members who have the Service Medal than any other Division in the North Lincs. Area.

NORTH WORCESTERSHIRE CORPs.-The NORTHERN IRELAND (ULSTER) annual church parade of this Corps was DISTRICT held in the Bethel Methodist Church, BELFAsT.-The membvrs of the North Langley, where the Rev. J D. Crossland Belfast Nursing Division attended a (Oldbury) conducted the service and gave special parade service in the Albert Hall the address. Those on parade included Presbyterian Church. A detachment of Asst. Commissioner P. H. Schofield, the B.RC.S. and a company of Home County Officer D M. Chapman, Corps. Guards were also present. Asst. ComSupt. T. C Lench, Corps Officers F. missioner \iV. Allen was in charge. , Those Lightfoot, C. Greaves, H. Rose, Miss present included Mr. A. W ¥ann, hon Dyson and many officers of the Divisions secretary of the Ulster Joint Committee, on parade. FroIl?- Langley Station and Lady County Officer Miss Duffin, Surgeon back the parade was headed by the band E. J. A. Dougan, Mrs. Dougan (President) of T. W. Lench's, which also accompanied and Lady Supt. Mrs. Moreton. The Rev. the National Anthem in the church. vv. P. Hall, M.A., Superintendent of the No.4 DISTRICT Shankill Road Mission, was the preacher, ISLE OF MAN Com.i'TY the Scripture lesson being read by The Ramsey Nursing and Cadet Di- Div. Secretary Miss McComb. A generous visions and the two Douglas Nursing and 1 collection was devoted to the Services' Cadet Divisions were inspected on Sep- Comforts Fund. . 279

VISITS OF LADY LOUIS MOUNTBATTEN

(LADY SUPERINTENDENT-IN-CHIEF)

WEST AND EAST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE

Lady Louis Mountbatten paid her first official visit to Yorkshire her appointment as Lady Superintendent-inChief and 'visited many areas in the West and East Ridings. Everywhere she received a very welcome from members of the Brigade, all of whom were inspired by the numerous addresses she gave them.

Lady District Supt. Mrs. Birkbeck, whose loyal and devoted service to the Brigade has been so outstanding; made all the arrangements for the tour and accompanied Lady Louis to each place. Her first visit was to a J .\l\T.O Conv alescent Home and the Military Hospital at York, on Sept. 30, where she spoke to many patients and expressed her delight at all she saw. After lunching with the Lord Mayor, Mrs. Crichton, a visit was paid to the General City Hospital. During the afternoon Lady Louis addressed a meeting of Nursing Units at Rowntrees vl/orks, visiting the Rest Centre' and Posts. She was attended b y Colonel Scatterty, the retiring County Commissioner, whose lon g and invaluabl e ::;ervice for St. John Lady Louis referred to most gratefully, General Sandys, County Controller , V.A.D., Robinia, Viscountess Mountgarret, vice-president of the W€st Riding, and District Officer Mrs. Lodge.

On October 1 a visit was paid to Doncaster, where Lord Scarbrough (SubPrior of the Order) accompanied Lady Louis, who was cordially received by the Mayor and Mayoress (Mr. and Mrs. Mason), Assistant Commissioner Dr. Huey and District Officer Mrs. Rogers. Lady Louis aduressed a meeting and said that the record of the Brigade in the Doncaster area was a particularly hi g h one. Lord Scarbrough also spoke on this occasion.

John nursing members employed in Blood Transfusion Service.

The next day, October 2, Lady Louis visited a J.W.O. Convalescent Home at Sheffield after which she travelled to Leeds and lunched with the Lord Mayor and Lady Mayoress, Alderman and Mrs. Hyman M.orris, and addressed a very large St John meeting, at which Mr. Thornton, the new County Commissioner for the West Ridin g , also spoke District Officers Mrs. Geldard and Miss Unthank were in attendance. After this the Leeds Depot of the North-Eastern Blood Transfusion Service was inspected, and Lady Louis was most interested in two Mobile Units-one equipped to collect and one to give blood transfusions. Later in the afternoon of this same day Lady Louis paid a visit to Bradford, being welcomed by the Lord Mayor, Alderman Louis Smith. She met many workers of the Red Cross and St . John Penny-a-Week Fund and thanked them for their splendid work. 'Wi th th e Lord Mayor and Lady Mayoress she attended a dance for the fund in the evening

At Hull on October 3, Lady Louis was met by a Civic Party and by the chairman and officers of the Penny-a-vVeek Committ ee. At noon she made a detailed tour of the Mortimer Museum Exhibition of Parcels and Central Hospital Supply Service work, afterwards lunchin g at the Guildhall. At 2.30 there was a parade of Forces and representativ es of the Voluntary Organisations, at which Lady Louis took the ·salute. Later she addressed a meeting and made presentations to collectors qf the Penny-a-Week Fund. Lady Loui s was then welcomed by County Commissioner Dr. J en nin gs and Lady County Supt. Mrs. Edwards, and was conducted to Cottingham and Beverley, where she inspected Ambulance, Nursin g and CC!-det Divisions.

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On Sunday, October 4, Lady Louis inspected Ambulance, Nursing and Cadet Units at Hymers College, Hull, consisting of the Hull Corps and County Divisions. Later that afternoon Divisions were inspected at Bridlington. This concluded a most memorable week for the officers and members of th e Brigade in · Yorkshire, who all feel encouraged and inspir e d to continue their work with renewed enthusiasm.

Lady Louis, together with the SubPrior, then went on to Sheffield, and after lunching with the Lord Mayor and Lady Mayoress, Councillor and Mrs. Mitchell, she addressed a large St. John meeting in the Town Hall, at which District Officer Miss Ashberry was present. Next an ambulance depot was visited and the visitors were very impressed to see a fleet of ambulances on the road within one minute and ten after receiving a given signal. A First Aid Post was inspected and then the Sheffield Depot WILTSHIRE AND DORSET of the Blood Transfusion Service visited. On October 24 Lady Louis MountHere Lady Louis was particularly pleased batten visited Weymouth and inspected to meet a Chinese member from SiJngapore members of the Ambulance, Nursing and who was engaged in scientific testing of Cadet Divisions. Accompanied by County blood for classification, and many St. Commissioner Dr. E. S. Bowes and Lady 280

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County Supt. Mrs. M. C. Cooper, she was received by the MayoF and Mayoress (Councillor and Mrs. J. T. Goddard), Lord Ashley (Cou nty President) and Lady Ashley, Lady Ellenborough (Lady County Vice-president), and other local officials. Mrs. Day reeeived! from Lady Louis the cup given by Miss Long, secretary G£ the Weymouth Nursing Division, and presented to the Weymouth Girl Cadet Division. Lady Supt. Mrs. Bartlett handed her a gift of ration card cases made out of old X-ray films by herself and Miss Hinchcliffe. A number of th€se cases have been made and have brought in about £15.

The Lady Superintendent-in-Chie£ paid tribute to the work done 1n Weym01ath and referred to the spirit of courage, tenacity and comradeship which was present. Lord Ashley proposed a vote of th'anks and Dr. Bowes , seconded. The County Commissioner spoke ot the practical interest of the Mayor as president of the Ambulance Division and referred to the 12 years' work of Councillor Biles, the deputy-mayor, and to the fund he inaugurafed for the building of headquarters. As to the day's ceremony it was Lady County Supt. Mrs. Cooper who had taken all tme work on her shoulders. He assured Lady Louis that they would give her all the help possible ia her great work.

Lady Louis then made a thorough inspection of the hall, and with the Mayor and Maydress went to the First Aid Post.

On October 25 the Lady Superintendent-in-Chief inspected the Chippen-_ ham No. 1 and No. -2 ' and Corsham Nursing Divisions at Chippenham. She was welcomed on arrival by County Commissioner A. R. Towerzey and Lady County Supt. Mrs. 13attye. The Hon. Sara Peel (County Vice-president) and other officials were presented, after which Lady Louis inspected the parade, and asked many questions as to the members' war work, qualifications, etc.

In welcoming Lady Louis, the Commissioner said that her visit and the interest she had so graciously shown would be an inspiration and encouragement to them to go on and improve their knowledge and usefulness. The three new Divisions on parade always remember the honour of being some of the first to be inspected by their new Lady Superintendent-in-Chief and that the day would remain a "Red letter day" in their minds.

Lady County Supt. Mrs. Battye, in seconding, apologised for the absence of Lady Janet Bailey (Lady County Presi-dent). who was unable to be present owing to an outbreak of mumps at 'her hospital. She endorsed the CotnmissiGner's remarks . • Dr. Laurence, who was

mainly responsible for the formation of the three Chippenham Divisions, briefly spoke on the go.od work that they were doing in Civil Defence.

After the parade the superintendents aad officers of eachlt Nursing Division in the county, and ma[!lY ambulance officers, were presented to Lady Louis, MTho had a short chat with. each one of them.

Before leaving for Bristol, where she was inspeding the Bristol Corps, the Commissioner entertained the Lady Superintendent-in-Chief and a small party of county officials to lunch.

CAD ET NEWS-continued from page 277.

the Rev. E. Evans. The parade, which consisted of about 100 members, was led by the newly-formed band of the Dorking Ambulance Cadets. Cadet Supt. Still and Cadet Officer Knowles. were in charge of the Ambulance Cadets and Lady Cadet Supt. Mrs. Bullen and Lady Cad.et Officer Mrs. Hollins in charg e of the guls.

Surrey.-A Cadet Officers' Course was held at Guildford on October 11, when Commissioner W. G. Pape presided. -r: he speakers included Lady (Chief Officer Girl Cadets), MISS Cunard (Staff Officer), Capt. A. C. K.nox (Asst. Commissioner, No. 1 DIstnct), Lady County Supt" Mrs. Beckwith-Smith (Oxon), Miss Henderson (Matron, Royal Surrey County Hospital) and County Officer F. A. Trott (Sussex). Throughout the day the representatives were the auests of Dowager Viscountess Harcourt (Lady younty President for Surrey), to whom thanks were expres:/ed by the Commissioner. /

Tottenham.-On October 15 a wellsupported concert was held at the Robins Mission Hall in aid of the newly-formed Tottenaam Cadet Division. The audience included District Officer S. H .. Collins, Lady District Officer Mrs. Rayner, Lady County Cadet Officer Miss Cleasby, Ald. A. J. Lynch, Councillor Brown and Mrs. Brown. Mr. W. Lang compered and arranged the show.

Hampstead.-On October 24 District Officer for Cadets Miss Cleasby officiated at the Enrolment Ceremony of the Cadets attached to the Hampstead Nursing Division. Among those present were District Officer Mrs. Rayner, Officer-inCharge Miss Finch, County Surgeon Farman. Div. Surgeon Mary Fletcher, Miss Gregory and many others. After the ceremony demonstrations were given under the instruction of Amb. Officer Miss Burley and Amb. Sister Miss Paul. Miss Cleasby expressed her satisfaction of the progress made by the No. 54 Cadet Division and hoped that still greater progress would be made. 282

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'THE 'MILTON" SYSTEM OF AIR PURIFICATION

"XVI.-' There is sufficient evidence for considering that the risk of air- borne infection may be reduced , by spraying the atmosphere of shelters On account of its easy pro curability , cheapness in bulk and intrinsic merit the antiseptic recommended is sodium hyphochlorite in aqueous solution. The type of spray will from mechanically-operated to apparatus according to the type and size of shelter'. "-Recommendations of' Lord Hordel"s Committee regarding the Conditions in Shelters. (H.M.S.D., Cmd. 6234, [940 .)

This recommendation confirmed the results of the pi6neer 'work of the Milton laboratories, reported fully in " A System of Air Purification by Hypochlorous Acid Gas," by the late A. T. M.A., D.Sc., F.R.S.(I93 8 ).

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(I) The hypochlorous acid gas was rapidly disseminated throughout the confined space.

(1) Its presence was quite unobjectionable to the occupants.

(3) The air was rapidly cleaned and deodorised, and

(4) As regards air-borne germS, it was possible to produce and maintain a degree of sterility of over 90 per cent. These results were produced by a volumetric concentration of the gas in the region of to noi-u"lrlr lr Further work has shown that a concentration of one part of gas by volume. in 1,000,000 gives a slight but completely non-irritant odour, whilst a concentration of in 15,poo,000 upwards is germicidaUy effective up to 99.5 per cent.

In (the light of these results it has been found practical to devise a complete system of air purification by the use of a special vaporiser and a special form of Milton Antiseptic known as " Milton 2," for production and dissemination of hypochlorous acid gas.

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Surgeons, physiCians, medical officers oj health and hospital ' officials interested in air purification are invited to write to the Projessional Dept., Milton Antiseptic, Ltd., John Milton House, London, N.7, requesting a demonstration Which will be arranged when a representative is next in the enquirer's district.

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. GENERAL INTEREST

Before proceeding with the business of the Ambulance Committee, over which Dr. D. Rocyn Jones, C.B.E., J.P., presided on October 27, a cheque for £328 3s. 3d. was handed over by Mr. E. Miles to the chairman .for H.R.H. the Duke of Gloucester's Red Cross and St John Fund. The money was raised by means of a Field Day at Treorchy organised by a local committee, of which Mr. E. D. Thomas is chairman, Mr. E . Miles treasurer, the organising secretary being Captain D. G. llichards, M.C., lYLE., a member of the Priory Ambulance Committee, Rhondda County Cadet Officer and Corps A.R.P. Officer.

Receiving the report of the Motor Ambulance Transport Sub-Committee held the previous day, recommendations for capital expenditure amouuting to £2,890 during 1942-3 were approved. In addition to the overhaul of several of the Priory 's fleet of ambulances, this will provide for a third ambulance for the service in Cardiff , where the demand at the present moment on the Priory cars is beyond the means of supply, the number of cases carried in Cardiff averaging 10 a day during the last quarter. A summary of the work of the 21 stations showed that a total of 5,052 removals were carried out during the September quarter involving an aggregate mileage of 84,182.

During the first nine months of 1942 , 246 examinations and re-examinations in First Aid and Home Nursing were arranged by the Priory, 74 more than during the first nine months of 1941. Arrangements have been made between the St. John Ambulance Association and the National Fire Service for the training of members of the latter service in First Aid, a development likely to add another 2,300 men and 1,110 women to the students of ambulance ,classes held under the auspices of the Priory.

It was decided to elect Dr. John Lowndes Moir (Anglesey Centre) and Dr. Henry Edwards (Caernarvonshire Centre) to the Panel of Examiners.

Sa,nction was given to the formation of fifteen new Divisions of the Brigade in the counties of Glamorgan, Monmouth, Carmarthen and ' Flint, the respective County Commissioners being thanked for their services.

A 'vote of thanks was accorde<il to Sir L. Twiston Davies, K.B.E., J.P., D.L., for the gift of a book-plate to the Priory for Wales.

It w::ts announced that the Sub-Prior,

the Earl of Plymouth, had approved the appointment of the Most Hon. the Marquis of Anglesey, G.C.V.O., as president of the Anglesey Centre in succession to the late Commodore Sir' Richard Williams Bulkeley, Bart.

CENTRE REPORTS

EAST DENBIGHSHIRE CENTRE

Cokmel Sir Charles B. Lowther, Bart ., D.S.O., presided at a Centre meeting held on October 1, supported by Corps Supt . P. R. Kent ., Div. Supts. Ernest Pritchard (Brymbo) , D. H. Dunnicco (Llay) , W . Pennington (Rhostyllen) , R. Ro ge rs (Rhos), Amb. Officer Alec. Kingdom (Cefn Mawr), Mr. N. H . Graesser, Hon. Secretaries R. T Evans (Rhos), T. G. Davies (Llay) , W Williams (Rhostyllen) , Emrys Thomas (Brymbo), J. Davies (Cefn Mawr), to ge ther with the Hon. Centr e Secretary, Captain R. G. Evans.

Before the business of the meeting w as taken the chairman paid a tribute to the memory of the late Ambulance Officer J. W. Jackson. He referred to the outstanding services rendered in the county and in particular to the Wrexham Division which he had served so faithfully since its f ormation in 1927, his work having been r ecog nis ed in 1941 by th e award of a Priory Vote of Thanks. At the close of his remarks, the chairman called upon members to stand as a token of their respect for their late collea gu e, the Hon . Secretary being instructed to convey the sympathy of the Centre Committee to Mrs. Jackson

It was announced that the Priory for Wales had approved the forrnatiq,n of tw o Corps: the Berwyn Corps to administer the Southern portion of the Centre area having as its nucleus, Chirk, Brynkinall t and Ifton and Cefn Mawr Divisions; and the Bromfield Corps to administer the Northern portion of the Centre area, th e following Divisions being attached for the time being to this Corps :-Rhos, Rhostyllen, Wrexham, Llay , Brymbo, Ros sett and Llay Hall. The appointm en t of Supt J. E. Hartis, of the Chirk I\ivision, to be Superintendent of the Berwyn Corps and Supt. P. R. Kent as Superintendent of the Bromfield Corps, was unanimousl y approved.

It was agreed that the Superintendents of the Cadet Divisions at Rhosllanechrugog, Wrexham, Cefn Mawr, Biynkinallt and Ifton and Chirk, should be invited to serve on the Committee; and that Mr. S. E. ChalJoner should b e 284

Essent ia1 knowledge to treat successfully ALL possible injuries

THE HOlJSEHOl·D PHYSICIAN

A few of the subjects treated at length :- .

W AR EMERGENCIES: PEACE·TIME SUBJECTS:

Air Raid Precautions Influenza, etc., Measles, Mumps

Ga s Warfare (Special Chart) Catarrh

H CEmorrhage

Fi rst Aid

Ba ndages

Spl ints

Bu rns

Scalds

Corns and Warts

What to Do in Emergencies

Skin Diseases

Hygiene, Anatomy, Pharmacy

Homreopathy, Neurasthenia

The Principles of Nursing

Fainting Child Welfare

375 Prescriptions, etc., etc.

A CCIDENTS-What to do in all cases. HOW TO DIAGNOSE Diseases from appearance of Head, Face, Tongue, Throat, Chest, etc., etc.

HUNDREDS OF F ToVIRTUE&CO.,LTD.,Cro.nChamnors,UppOrparliamentSt.,Nottingham , TEST IMO NIALS Please send me Pro spectuS on THE HOUSEHOLD PHYSICIAN withoUI: aAY R: obligAtion co purchase.

exa minations ..•. the NAME , E: Send this form In unsealed envelope stamped I d um ell. I ha.e yet to ADDRESS E: S J G. dons."

H E U- MAT I C PAIN

The chronic sufferer from rheumatism in its man y forms presents a problem to nur se and physician alike. addirion to tre at ment of the basic cause of the conditJOn, symptomatlc rellef lS necessary.

Pain must be relieved if progress is to be maintained, the ana lgesic selected being safe and suitable for aaministration over a period of time. Massive doses of the are,. as all nurses know, unsuitable for use over a long penod; hypnotJcs cannot be given for obvious reasons.

A safe and effective preparation-<-Anadin' Tablets--can be taken over a period without loss of effect or hab.it formation. 'Anad in ' relieves pain quickly and has an antIpyretic action, thus shortening the febrile course of the condition.

, Anadin' Tablets are safe in the hands of the patient and can be obtained at all chemists.

'A N A DIN TABLETS

invited to setve on the Committee as deputy to Dr. W. H. Garrett. '

FLINTSHIRE CENTRE

f ' The Chief Consirable of Flintshire, Assi£irant Commissioner A. E. Lindsay, presided over a general meeting of the Rhyl Division, of which he is president, aad took the opportunity of paying tribute to the work rendered both by Dr. Wells (Deputy County Commissioner) and Dr. J. G. McQueen (Divisional Surgeon). He referred to the useful cO-9peration which has been taking plase between the Divisions and the A,R.P. and N,F,S. Services, and <felt sure that in the event of an emergency there was not the l east doubt that the St. John and Civil Defence Services would be able to render tremendous services to the community.

Dr. Wells, in presenting Warrapts, congratulated the recipie.nts and expressed the hope that their enthusiasm , zeal and efficiency would continue to be manifested in the future.

Coum:il101' Caradoc Williams presented preliminary certificates to the Cadets, saying that the Division had every reason to feel very proud of the smart young cadets who gave every prospect of ensuring that the Rhyl Division would become the strongest and most efficient Division in North v\Tales.

A quarterly review of the activities of the Division was given by Div. Supt. J. A. Roberts :who said that whilst it was true they had done nothing very outstanding, it was very difficult under war conditions to Qarry on to the point of success. ' H e to the provisional formation of the Rhyl Nursing Division and to the duties 're g ularly performed by members at the places of entertainment in the to ·wn Tributes were paid to Corporal G. Reece and his assistant, Mr. W. Teese, for the hi gh standard of 'p roficiency to which they had brou ght the Cadet trainin g, and Corporal Reece suitably acknowledged.

Pre.senting a statement of the finances of the Division, Mr. H. S. Turner said he was pleased to announce that all the finances of the Division were in a healthy and encouraging condition, and they looked forward to seeing the new Nursing Unit provided with uniform and equipment in the near future..

MONMOUTHSHIRE CENTRE

Bedwas Division welcomed the Hon J. H. Bruce and Mrs. Bruce (Commissioper and Lady Staff Officer for Wales l'espectively) at a social evening held at Bedwas on October 17, to which officers and members of neighbouring Division s

Officer H , Hendy, Hon. Sergeant and Secretary F. Phipps, and Sergeant W Davies; and a pleasing incident was the presentation of a case oif pipes -and tobacco to Corps Supt G. E Davies by Mr. E. J Lewis, J.P., on behalf of officers and members of ,Bedwas Division, of which he was Superintendent for many years. The ' Bedwas Division has a membership of 32 and is supp lemented by a Cadet Unit of a similar strength, while a Nursing Division of 24 members a nd Cadet Nursing Division with 20 members were re gistered in 1942. Div. Surgeon T. J. lVI. Gregg is serving with the R.A,F ., aD;d one member, Private George Frost, is a prisoner ,of war. Fn-st aid awards were presented by the Hon Mrs. Bruce, who addressed the gathering.

Sir \ iVilliam Cope, Bart., K.C., presided at a meeting of St, Mellons Nursing Division, at which Dr. D. Rocyn Jones , C.B.E., Director of Ambulance, presented First Aid award s and announced the appointment of the Divisional Superintendent, Miss Muriel Davies, and other officers. Home Nursing certificates were presented by Mrs. C. C" 'Williams, who with Mrs. Deakin accepted office as Divisional vice-pre sid ents. Div, Surgeon Nathan Rocyn Jon es addressed the Division, which ,-vas congratulated on its keenness and 100 per cent. success in the recent examinations.

RECEIVED

Two new charts from Adam, RouiUy and Co. (18, Fitzroy Street, London , W.l ), drawn by W. J. Pardoe and made under the super visio n of Professor C. F. V. Smout, M.B" M.R.C.S., Acting Professor , Department of Anatomy, Sub-Dean and Tutor, Birmingham Medical School. One chart deals with Fractures and the other with Dislocations; both are in colour.

Also a copy of " Health for the People, " published by the Liberal Publications Department (8, Garfere Street, London , S.W.l), price Is.

"The Nurse' s Pocket Encyclopcedia and Guide" for 1943, Pu blished by Fab er & Faber Ltd., of 24, Ru ssell Square, London, W.C.l, at the reasonable c ost of 2s . 6d. net, this encyclopcedia contain s, in addition to a diary, some 400 pages of interesting and instructive data.

AWARD FOR GALLANTRY

The Comtnissioner, No.4 (Lancashire) District, reports that Private Fred Hutton, of the Haslington " A " Division, a member of the Royal Naval Auxiliary Sick Berth Reserve ; has been awarded the were invited Wanants of ,sented to _ Div:. appointment were pre- Distinguished Service Medal for services Supt. \iV. Ilett, Amb. rendered durin g the Dunkirk Evacuation. 286

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Tablets and Powders are safe in use, containing no aspirin or any drug to disturb heart, stomach or inter· fere with natural function. In most cases pain is relieved in less than ten minutes. Keep a supply of Baxen in your fust ·aid ou tfit. Many industrial concerns dispense Baxen for th e swift relief of dysmenorrhrea.

Baxen is obtainable from a ll Chemists, Tablets 1/5 per box, Powders 2d. each (inc t ax) CLIN· ICAL SAMPLES and details of dispensing packs sent on receipt of penny stamp. Address: Clinical Dept., No. 4-2, E. GRIFFITHS HUGHES LTD., Adel· phi, Salford 3, Man· chester.

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IGLODINE HEALS WITHOUT HURTING

, Children do not dread the application of Iglodine " because, unlike many other antiseptics, it does not hu rt or sting. It is ideal for cleansing and sterilising all surface injuries, and hasten! healing quickly wit h 0 u t leaving a scar.

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287

INTERESTING

CASE REPORT No. 2I4.-The Officerin-Charge of the Rhodesian Railways District, S.J .A.B. Overseas, reports the efficient performance of first aid in the following difficult circumstances:-

At i p.m. on July 9 the Northern Rhodesia Police at Livingstone received a report ' that an African N.C.O. had fallen down the gorge at the Victoria Falls, seven mi.les away. Rescue work was immediately organised, the party including Police-Inspector S. A. Wright and two other members of the Brigade, Messrs. Denholm and Barrass.

On arrival it was ascertained that the N.C.O. was at the bottom of the gorge, 400 feet down. With the assistance of a rope the ambulance party descended to a rocky formation and then over rocks and , boulders to a final perpendicular precipice of abemt 60 feet, over which each of the party was lo wered in turn,

The injured man was found lying on granite boulders 12 feet from the edge ()f the swirling torrent. Examination revealed a compound fracture of the tibia and fibula, a deep gash over each eye and a wound at the back of the head. It was obvious that the patient had lost much blo\>d, and he lap sed into 3: semiconscious state soon after the arrlVal of the party. The stocking and 'boot were cut off, hcemorrhage arrested, a box spli.nt applied and other injuries cleaned 3:nd dressed. On arrival of a stretcher, WhICh had to be lowered , the pa:tient was wrapped in blankets and secured to the stretcher by means of his own webequipment, the inspector's puttees, and two leather belts.

With the aid of a piece of stout fencing wire found nearby the stretcher and patient were fastened to a rope, whilst Mr. Denholm was secured to an additional rope which had been lowered. The' patient and Denholm were th en cautiously hauled up the face of the precipice, from the top of which the stretcher was manceuvred with considerable difficulty to the top of the gorge. The patient was placed in toe St. John ambulance an d conveyed to the Livingstone Hospital.

The rescue operations took four hours. Invaluable assi stance was rend.ered by a

CASE REPORTS

railway ganger (Mr. Hansoo), who superintended the manipulation of the ropes COMMENT.-To render efficient first aid in safe surroundings requ:ir es knowledg' and experience; but to rend er it in sur'roundings which involve risk of life and limbs of the first aider requires also pluck arid perseverance.

In these circumstances th e above-named membe?'s of the Brigade in South Africa merit cordial congratulations f?'om all ranks of the Brigade At-Home and Ov e'rseas on their succ essful handling of a most difficult emergency.-N.C.F.

CASE REPORT No. 2I5. - The Officer-inCharge of the Isle of Wight.: Area of the County of Hampshire, S.J .A.B. , reports the efficient performance of first aid in the following circumstances :-

On July 6, Corporal Barton, of the ShankJin Division , and Private Orchard, of the Sandown Division, were called to the beach at Sandown, where th ey found a nl!J.mber of people attemptin g artificial respiration on an' II-year-old boy, who had been brought in fr om the sea some time previously. Th ey immediately took charge. The of the b oy was very feeble and the face livid, as were the ears and neck. A doctor and ambulance had be en summoned. They ordered hot water bottles and extra blankets , and while operating 'Schafer's method, they instructed assistants in keeping the circulation going in the limbs . Shortly afterwards the boy's face became less livid and a quantity of froth and fluid flowed from the nose and mouth The pulse was just discernible; but after a few minutes lividness returned. In the meantime a doctm arrived with respira-' tory apparatus, which was applied to the patient, and injected stimulants. Artificial respiration was carried out continuously, but without response- ·from the patient; and at about 5.25 p.m. after operating since 3.40 p m. the doctor ordered Corporal Barton and Private Orchard to cease, as nothin g more could be done for the boy. At the inquest a verdict of accidental death caused by drowning was recorded.

COMMENT.-Though their efforts were not successful, Corporal Barton and ?rivate Orchard merit congratulations on good work, welt done.-N.C.F.

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

TREATMENT OF ASPHYXIA AND absent, breathing comes first and that HJEMORRHAGE hcemorrhage can be treated as soon as W. M. (Downend).-At a recent Prac- patient starts to brea,the. Please tell me tice our Divisional Surgeon stated that which of us is right. hremorrhage came first in the treatment Your Divisional Surgeon is perfectly of. asphyxia. I say that if breathing is correct because, should sev,ere bleeding be 288

"'"'- FOR WOUNDS. CUTS. BURNS. SKIN

IRRITA.TION

GERMOLENE instantly protects against germ infection. prevents blood poisoning, and promotes rapid healing I Germolene causes the broken tissues to unite, grows new skin and heals over the broken place cleanly. It soothes at a touch, ends pain and brings ease. At the present time, NO home should be without a tin of the world's qlfic kest healing ointment. Get yours to-day I

ASEPTIC OINTMENT

1/4 and 3/3 per tin I (i ncludin g Purchase Tax) 1

18th Edition. Fully Rev ised. 232nd thousand 313 Illustrations -some coloured 3/6 net. Postage 4d.

WARWICK & TUNSTALL'S "FIRST AID"

TO THE INJURED & SICK

An AdvancedAmbulance Handbook

Edited by NORMAN HAMMER, M.R.C.S., Major, Late R.A.M.C., T.A.

"FIRST AID"

W ALL DIAGRAMS

(Size 2, ft. 2 ins. by 3 ft. 4 ins.)

Adopted by the War Office, Admiralty, British Red Cross Society, etc.

Set of 19 Sheets with roller 63 j- net. Postage 9d.

Special Set of 6 Sheets for the use of LECTURERS AND A.R.P. CLASSES

Comprising Anatomy, Physiology , Haemorrhage, Dislocations and Fractures. Mounted on Linen with roller. 27/6 net. Postage 7d..

Will be made by a tailor-service which gives style and durability combined with strict comformity with S.J A. B. regulation if you order

Uniform,toselfmeasures from N.O A. Write for details to NURSES' OUTFITTING ASSOCIATIO'N , LTD. Carlyle Chambers, Stockport London - Abbey House, Westminster, S.W.I Liverpool - - 57, Renshaw

JOHN WRIGHT & SONS, LTD 28 ORCHARD STREET. BRISTOL I ( \

t- ANTISEPTIC /?(}/tl'ties f!I 10 I E

Up-to-date information on iodine vapour therapy, treatment of the common cold, influenza prophylaxis and many other therapeutic use s of iodine is contained in our new bulletin "The Hygiene of War:" A copy will be sent to any nurse on request.

IODINE EDUCATIONAL BUREAU 29, Stone House, Bishopsgate, London, E.C.2. 289

present or threaten efforts at restoring natural b1'eathing will increa se the loss of blood.-N.C.F.

ApPLICATION OF TOURNLQUET

W. M. (Downend).-Also our Division al, Surgeoll told us that when we apply a tourniquet , we should place it as close to the wound as possible. I said that if yo u place it more than a third of the way dovlll arm or l eg, the tourniquet bec omes a constriction by re ason of the extra pressure required because the artery gets deeper amo n g the tissues of the limb Please say ,if I am right Again your D ivisional Surgeon is correc t; and in my turn I direct your attention to Rule 4 (b) on p. 108 of th e Textbook.-N.C.F.

STIMU L ANTS WITH CONTROLLED BLEEDING

W. M. Downend).-In a recent competition our team l ost five marks because in treating a ,pati ent suffering from burns on fa ce and hand s, dislocation of hipjoint, bl eeding from the palmar arches, they deliberately refu sed to ' give the patient h Gt tea on account of the b l eedin g which was co ntro ll ed by a pad and a bandage. I say that their treatment was correct.

Again I disagree because provided that bleeding has been controlled and a wound p11 0pe1 ly dressed, no harm would from the administration of hot tea. Further , the administl'ation. of fluids is part of th e t1' eatment of shock, the commonest caus e of which is hce1120'rrhage.-N.C F.

THE HEART IN ASPHYXIA

T. G. (Belfast).-Pl ease tell me if th e heart stops bea ting in the case of asphyxia.

Th e heart centre in the brain may continue to act four or five minutes after th e breathing has failed; and ' consequently th e so le justification for artificial respiration is th e fact that, though patient is not breathing, his heal't may still be beating fe ebly.-N.C.F .

TREATMENT OF FRACTURED \VRIST

P. N. (Belfast).-Recently we had a bi g discussion on the correct treatment of a fractured wrist. As we could not agree , we ask you kindly to tell us if it should be treated as a fractured forearm or as a cr u shed hand. '

Th e wrist being " the he el of the han d," I would treat as for a. hand (Textbook, p. 86). -1 .C.F.

Owing to pressure on space many items have had to be omitted.

PRACTICAL BOOKS

by N. CORBET FLETCHER, M.B., B.C., M.A.(Cantab.), M.R.C.S.

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AIDS TO HOME-NURSING

Home Nursing Simplified and Tabulated. with Aids to Memory. Price 1/- (Post 2id.)

COM MON ERRORS IN FIRST-AID

Errors in First-Aid Detailed and Explained. Price 1/3 (Post 2d.)

AMBULANCE COMPETITION TESTS

Stretcher, Individual and Question. Each Folder contains special article on Competition No. I, Training of Competition Teams; No.2, Conduct of Team in Competition Room No.3, Common Err.ors in Competition; No 4, Further Errors in Treatment; No. 5, History of Competition Tests ; No.6, Preparation of Tests. 6 Folders. Prl€e 6d. each (Post 2d.).

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290

Flag Day Emblems, Buttons and Badges

Price Lists on application

For all supplies write: The Universal Button Co., Ltd.

Surat St., Bethnal Green, E.2

Phone : Advance 2254 Tel.: Unibutco, Edo, London

CLASSIFIED ADVERTISEMENTS

URGENTLY WANTED.-Forty or .fi.fty copies of THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE.-Send to THE PUBLISHER, THE ST. JOHN AMBULANCE GAZETTE , 11·13, Breams Buildings, Chancery Lane Lond on, E.CA.

WA NTED.-Two Nursing Division Officers' Uni · forms, Costumes, etc WX and Small Fittings - 101 , St. J .A G , 11-1 3, Bream's Buildings, E.CA

U NI FORMS -Men's, part used, for disposaLParticulars from D /SECT., St John Ambulance Brigade, 19, Whites tiles, Kendal.

SCENT CARDS AND SACHETS, pFinted with yo ur announcements, are splendid money raisers and show 300%.profit. Samples free on request -AYRlIlDA LE PRltSS, Bradford

144 SCENT CARDS, 6/·. 1,000 35/6. Tickets Rubber Stamps.-TICES, 11, Oaklands Grove, Lond0n, W.12:

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RESUSCITATING APPARATUS for the apparently asphyxiated or drowned.

SMOKE HELMETS of all Patterns.

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OXYGEN BREATHING APPARATUS

'PURETHA: GAS MASKS'

for Naval, Military and Industrial purposes and for Civilian use.

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DUST and SPRAY MASKS and all other Safety and Protective Devices.

S IEBE, GORMAN & Co., Ltd. LONDON, S.E.I

WALL CHARTS

A'NATOMICAL DIAGRAMS AND OSTEOLOGY FOR LECTURES BOOKS ' FOR AMBULANCE WORKERS

H. K. LEWIS & Co. Ltd. 136 Gower Street, London, W.e.1 EUSton 4282 (5 lines ) Gi ving hints on the Bugle, Drum and Flute. 0150 Parade Formations. use of Parade Cone. Staff. etc.. 6d. post • paid. (Broken). Po. t flesh hoop. Ready lapped head returned .ame day a. received.

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JACKETS, TROUSERS, GREATCOATS, CAPS, BELTS, GLOVES, HAVERSACKS, WATERBOTTLES, ETC.

ESTIMATES AND SAMPLES ON REQUEST

All enquiries to : 154 - 164, TOOLEY STREET LONDON BRIDGE, S.E.I

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GARROULD

Telegrams: GARROULD, LONDON 150-162, EDGWARE ROAD, LONDON, W.2

In order TO OBTAIN UNIFORMS FOR OFFICERS & MEMBERS, an arrangement has been made be.tween the Board of Trade and the St. John Ambulance Association, particulars of which can be obtained from the Officer in charge.

Uniform by Garrould correct design, high grade materials selected for smartness and hard wear.

PERMIT OR OFFICIAL HEADED PAPER MUST ACCOMPANY EVERY ORDER.

PRICES OF OFFICE.RS' UNIFORMS AND OTHER ITEMS NOT MENTIONED IN THIS ADVERTISEMENT SENT POST FREE

All prices are liable to advance without notice

Printed

S.J.A. NEW REGULATION APRONS for Ambulance Sisters. Made from hard-wearing linen-flclshed apron cloths. Prlce Includes cross. Waist: 26, 28, 30 or 32 In. Length.: 26, 28, 3D, 32 In 6/6

Waists: 34. Len,fths : 26,28, 3D, 32ln. 7/6 Waist: 37 In ,/11

S.J.A. NEW REGULATION COAT

Cut and tailored from fully shrunk and showerproofed material, half lined with gl'ey Italian cloth. Prices Include buttons. An official order for H.Q. to supply US with badges and buttons must b. sent with every order. Women's Sizes 99/6

O.S. lOS f- Ex. O.S. 112/6

, STOCK SIZES-Women's :

Bust : 32.32,33,34.35,36,36,36,37,38,38.39

Lgth.: 44,46,44,46.45.44,46,48,47,46.48,48

O.S. 40, 40, 40, 42 X.O.S. 44, 46 46, 48, 50, 48 48, 4B

S.J.A. REGULATION HAT for Officers, Wool Felt , 19 fli. Ambulance Sisters, Felt. 16/11 Badge. are only obtainable from H Q Slzes:-<6t, 6., 6t, 6i, 7. 7 L 7 t. 7r. Storm Cap 13/6.

NEW REGULATION DRESS fo( Ambulance Sisters. Made from good quality Sanforized - Shrunk washing material.

Bodice unlined, Women's... 21 f6

Bodice lined, Women's 24/6

OFF DUTY DRESSES

In Grey Matala:lne Wm's Made to Measure Wm's

STOCK SIZES (Women's) : 90 f120/-

Bust: 34, 34, 36, 36, 36, 38, 38, 38, 38

Waist: '26, 26, 28. 28, 28, 3D, 3D, 31, 31

Skirt: 28, 3D, 28, 3D, 32, 3D, 32, 3D, 32

REGULATION CAP for Ambulance Sisters. 27 by 18 Ins or 28 by 19 Ins., 2/8

REGULATION CAPE.-Made In regulation grey cloth, lined with all wool red flannel, 43/9

NUMERALS OBTAINABLE FROM HEADQUARTERS ONLY

t6e of t6e Q3rC\nb in t6e of t6t Q?eneretBfe of fBe of 1St . .106n of

VOL. 15. No. 12 DECEMBER, I942

®verseas 3ubilee 1892 1942

Colonel James L. Sleeman, C.B., C.M:G., C.B.E., M.V.O. Chief Commissioner, Brigade Overseas

(All reports, etc., should reach the Editor not later than the 28th of the month.)

EDITORIAL OFFICES: PUBLISHING OFFICES: JOHN'S GATE, LONDON, E.C .1 11-13, BREAM'S BUILDINGS, LONDON. E ('4

t!3e cDfficio.f J'ourHo.f of t!3e <Bro.nb in f6e OOrifis!3 (Reo.fm of Q;lenero.Bfe cDrber of f6e 1L)ospifo.f of f!;t. J'o6n of J'eruso.fem

Edited by GEORGE E. CRAFT, F.R.S.A.

VOL. 15. No. 12 DECEMBER, 1942

NURSING in wartime, even more than under normal conditions, emphasises the need for a perfect form of concentrated nourishment.

The majority of patients on admitt8.?ce to are acutely ill and have undergone a penod .of hIgh. nervous tension. Experience has shown that of an "easily digest¢ and readily acceptable forr:r of is followed by definite improvement m the patIent s condition.

For this purpose, both .as an and regular routine, there IS ??tlllng nvals , The nutritive and energlsmg constItuents of Ovaltme are rapidly assimilated, r elieving "hunger. fee!!ng JJ and, at the same time, allaying nervous tensIOn m a most helpful manner.

, Ovaltine ' possesses many advantages. It is a food concentrate containing the vitamins A, B compl;x D; and important mineral possesses special propertIes whIch mIlk more ible, and thus easily assimilated even . m the most senous cases.

Now, as in 1914-1918, 'Ovaltine' is widely used in the wartime hospital service, and Supplies are available to hospItals m speCIal packmgs and at special prices.

Write for detaiZs to A. Wander, Ltd., 184, Queen's Gate, London, S. W.7

EDITORIAL

This month the Brigade Overseas proclaims its 50th year of existence. Unfortunately the times through which we are now passing will not allow of celebrations, but we At-Home do, nevertheless, extend to our colleagues Overseas heartiest congratulations on their achievement and express the wish that their work in the future \vill prosper.

In. a special'article published in this issue Colonel Sleeman, the Chief -Commiss ion er, Overseas, gives a short summary of the work undertaken by members in a ll parts of the British Empire. As is stated therein, a recital of duties performed gives but a partial glimpse of the humanitarian tasks carried out by members; and the absence of those things which we At-Home think of as everyday conveniences, such as the telephone, the ambulance, medical aid and the like, brings home the importance of the Brigade to the subjects of our Empire Overseas

Members at home have been heard to voice their disapproval if they have to travel even a mile or so to their drill hall; how can 'we, therefore, attempt to understand the spirit of unselfishness which our colleagues Overseas so ably demonstrate in their attendances at classes some many miles away from their homes?

The increase in personnel is a sure sign that the Order of St. John appeals to those with humanitarian principles; and our members oyerseas are, at this moment, upholdin g the St. John Standard as never before. Ready for any eventuality, the good work done in places overrun by the enemy has set a standard that we At-Home can emulate. \ Ale have had experiences of hea,""), bombing during which the v.rounded have been attended under fire; but we compare this with the 'w ork done by St. John personnel in Malta? Can we compare it with the work done by personnel in Hong-Kong and other Eastern spheres of activities? One day the true story \ vill be told; until that day arrives we can but marvel at the h eroic trials of our members in other parts.

Ladies and gentlemen, the toast of the month is " The Brigade Overseas, may they prosper and may they earn the fruits of victory and peace in the very future." .

tlCbt 1fubiltt of Utbe 31 obn ®btrseas

By Colonel JAMES L. SLEEMAN, C.B., C.M.G., C.B.E., M.V.O. (Chief Commissoner, Brigade Overseas)

Fifty years ago, on December 21, 1892, members, and their universal recognition the :first Division of the St. John Ambul- of the fact that mankind owes a duty to ance Brigade Overseas was registered as its fellows. Peace-time service in many represented by the Dunedin Ambulance parts of the Brigade Overseas is a v.:ery Division of New Zealand, that precious different thing to that of ordinary far-flung jewel of Empire which has ambulance duty in the United Kin gdom, brought such honour to the British race in which doctors, hospitals and telephone s both in peace and war. By a happy are generally readily accessible. I have coincidence, its present Chief Com- seen members performing able first aid missioner, Lieut.-Colonel G. Barclay, the Aboriginals of Australia, 600 O.B.E., K.St.J., V.D., was one of its mi.les from the nearest medical help, and original memoers. All honour, therefore, others servin g in earthquakes in India to those far-seeing and voluntary workers and New Zealand , and in the heart of the in the great cause for humanity, who set riot areas in Bombay on a day in which this hi g h example half a century ago, and some 400 people were killed. There, in to all those from the Chief Commissioner 1929, amid 'revoltin g conditions and surand Lady District Superintendent to the rGunded by fanatical rioters seekin g to youngest Cadet in that magnificent kill and mutilate , I saw our members Dominion who have carried forward the carrying on their work of humanity under b.anner of St. John service so sp l endidly alarming and unsafe conditions, with Sillce then . grim determination and expert skill. In

But this anniversary does not only the Quetta earthquake alone our members affect New Zealand, for it also marks the dealt 'with 11,000 casualties. In the Jubilee of the Brigade Overseas in every rapier earthquake in New Zealand they part of the British Commonwealth of overcame enormous difficulty of travel Nations outside the United Kin gdom. and performed sp lendid work. They are What this means is perhaps better under- called upon in tropical countries, too, for stood by me than anyone else in the service in cholera, dysentery and malarial Venerable Order seeing that it has been epidemics of such a nature that in one my good fortune to witness the ma g- malarial epidemic in Ceylon it is estimated nificent ambulance work being done in that over 80,000 unfortunate people lost every Dominion and practically every their lives. The Bri gade Overseas is called Colony during the past 21 years, and upon to treat quaint wounds inflicted by most of them during that time I have spear, dagger, arrow and tomahawk , or been its Chief Commissioner Overseas. It by wild animal attack; by ti ge r, lion, can fall to the lot of few to have had the or leopard or the ghoulish privile ge of seeing Australians, New crocodile or snake, shark and vampire, Zealanders, Canadians, South Africans, in climates where wounds turn septic with Rhodesians, Indian s, Maltese, Gibraltians, awful s uddenn ess, and where prompt Chinese, Maoris, Singalese, Burmese, first aid treatment can often save life Malayas, Africans and Arabs all serving in It deals with heat-stroke in temperatures our ranks and playing an invaluable and of 120 degrees in the shade and frost-bite voluntary part in our work. Neither has far below zero. In the heart of Africa, this experience been limited to mere on the Rocky Mountains of Canada, the inspections, for I have seen it operating Himalayas of India, and in the wonderful in the South African and the Great War clinics staffed by the Brigade in the New and know of the wonderful work which Territories of China, I have witnessed they have already done in this. No the unsparin g devotion of our members barrier of race or colour, creed or politics and their wonderful spirit of St. John exists within it. When I took over its service. charge in 1930 it possessed 281 Ambulance But no mere recital of the duties which Divisions, 117 Nursing Divisions and 32 fall to the l ot of the Brigade can give Cadet Division s, as compared with 950 more than a partial glimpse of the Ambulance, ·,596 Nursing and 414 Cadet countless humanitarian tasks which its Divisions of 1941 , an increase of almost members perform, while it is impossible five times. Since then it has become to adequately express my admira.tion greater, but :ligures are not yet available. for what I have personally seen being Thousands ' of people already owe their done in practically every part of the lives to the first aid knowledge of its Empire.

Let us pay tribute, too, to the parent body, the Home Brigade , which set that high example the Overseas has ably followed. E specially is our gratitude due to No.1 (Princ e of Wales's) District, seeing that it ha s set the standard for much of our work. Neither d o we forget that it is largely due to the medical professio n in every part of the Empire that such high efficiency has b een obtained. But an which ha.s gone before is small by comparison with the splendid work performed by the Brig.ade, both at Home f:nd Overseas, dunn g the war through wliich we are now pas sin g. vVhat would have happened to those injured by the attack Qn Hon g Kong, Singapore, Malaya, and Burma, had n ot those 150 surgeons and some 5 , 500 members of the Brigade Over seas been available? Those not killed or 'wounded were for the most part taken prisoner, and the fun sto ry of their and devotion to duty has yet to be told.

In "YIalta, too, our members have withs toou over 3,500 b ombing raids , and have never yet failed in a n y duty ",,-hich they have been called up on to perform in that historic island "\"here deeds of heroism are an everyday occurrence. The battlefields of Libya, rete, Syria, Somaliland , Aby sinia, Tunisia , and Ne\\- Guinea, the Comn:ando raids on France have all fou nd o ur members playing their humanita rian parts in this the fourth" Crusade," just as those of the Order did during the first Crusade over eight centuries ago, • sustaining ,,-orthy traditions and upholding the prestige of the Order with honour. And what of th e magnificent effort of Xew Zea land ? 'iVhile its area i l a r ger than that of the British Isles , its population is le ss than 1! million_ How enonnously to its credit , therefore, that, of the 446 Grand Prior's Badges awarded to the Overseas, no les s than 429 have been "\y on by New Zealand. That this Dominion , with a total ambulance stre n gth of but 204 Divisions had gained by the e nd of 1941 73 more Grand Prior Badges tha n the Hbme Brigade, with its 48 million ",of population t o recruit froIn and its 1,90'4 Divisions at that date. The percentage of Grand Prior's Badge awarded t o the Overseas and New Zealand are: (a) Overseas percenta ge of total Grand Prior's Badges, 55; (b) New Zealand percentage of (1) grand total (Home and Overseas), 53.49; (2) Overseas t otal, 96.18.

It must a l so be remembered that, while the Home Brigade covers an area of some 121 ,000 square miles, that of the Overseas is scattered over almost 14 n1.illion sq uate miles; that its Briti s h population numbers but approximately that of the United Kingdom , while it has the ambul-

ance , charge of s01l,le 400 million native and black races, the great majority of whom are too ilJiterate to qualify in first aid or to give ambulance service. Distances, too, are g re at. Take, for example, my inspection at Bulawayo in Southern ,. Rhodesia in 1935, when the 150 member s 1 of the Rhodesian Railways Ambulance Corps travelled a total of 67,000 miles by the time they had returned to their several stations.

It is one thing to have always at clos e hand Doctor, Hospital, Ambulance, telephone and tele g raph ; quite another to find oneself hundred s of miles from the neareSt qualified first aid help, and serving in climates where wounds becom e septic with rapidity and where injuries are apt to be terrifying; when perhap s, for days on end, the life of some wretched victim of circumstance may entirely depend upon one's degree of :first aid or home nursing skill. Yet this happens practically every day in some part of the Brigade Overseas, as our annual rec ords show. But this scattered population and difficult communications mean more than that in ambulance service, see in g that assembly is necessary in order to obtain teaching and practice, to pass examinations and re-qualifications. '\nile this is but the matter of an hour or so in the case of th e Home Brigade, it means day of travel in many cases 'in the Dominions and Colonies. All honour , therefore, - to those who face such diffic ultie and who bear the banner of St. J ohn on high thr o u gho ut the British Commonwealth of Nations; setting an example and rendering splendid service wherever the British lan guage is spoken; to those other , those of so many different races, col ou r s and creeds, who-although not Christian-realis e that work for humanity is a duty for all, and who render magnificent sen- ice in all parts of Empire; men and ,yomen united together in tbis great brotherhood and sisterhood of humanitarian sen·ice.

The attainment of this Jubilee completes a. glorious page in the histOly of the Brigade Overseas, and there is something singularly fitting in that it has been established bv the Dominion that is ttbe most remot e i n distance , if ,,-ery near in sp irit and loyalty to the United Kingdom.

To e, -ery member of the Overseas I send my g reetin gs and congratulations, both upon the attainment of the Jubile e as also upon their having the honour to serve the most ancient Ord e r of Chivalry in the world, and to have been privileged to do so during the greatest war for freedom and civilisation the 'world has ever known , and when as never qefore , the civil population requires all the ambulance service which can be given it.

297 2

•

PHYSIOLOGY IN FIRST AID

By M M. Scott, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P.

(M em ber of th e T extb oo k R evi sion .C ommittee and D ivi sional S urg eon , S .I A.B.)

(C ontinued from page 2 73, November, 1942, issue)

THE ALIMENTARY SYSTEM

THE SALIVARY G L ANDS

The Salivary .. Glands are paired, there being three on each side of the head . These glands secr.ete the Saliva whi ch empties into the mo u th through ducts which lead from t h em.

T h e Perotid Glands are the largest. Each lies below and in front of the corresponding ear, overlapping considerab ly on to the face, and its duct (Stenson's duct) opens on to the inside of the cheek opposite the second upp er molar tooth

. Submaxillary Glands come next in size, each being about the size of a walnut and situated behind the body of the lower jaw and below the m u scu l a r floor of the mouth. duct 0Yharton's Duct) into the 'floor of the mouth just external to the fraenum of the tongue. '

The SublinlZual Glands are the smalJ est in ' size. Each lie in the floor of the mouth below the tongue and is covered over onlv bv the mucous membrafie. This - gla.!;d differs from the other s inasm u ch as the saliva it produces is not collected by a single duct, but enters the floor of the mouth through several smaller ducts which penetrate the mucous membrane.

THE PHA R YNX

The Pharynx is a fUilllel-sha ped m u scu l o - membraneous passage, which lies b ehind the nose, mouth and l arynx, a ll of which open into it above, w h il e below i t is continuous with the g ull et o r oesop h ag u s at the leve l of t h e sixth cervical vertebra. It is apploximately fivejnches long, and for descripti-ve purposes it is di'lided from above downwards into (a) the Nasopharynx, which l ies behind the riose, and into which open two passages (the Eustachian Tubes) which communicate with the iDside o f the ear drum; (b) t he Oral p harynx, which lies behind ' the mouth and in the later a l walls of which lie the t onsils; (c) the L ary n geal p h ary n x which lies ' behind the l a r y n x and which below com-

municates with the oesophagus. It will be seen that the oral parts of the pharyn_'C is common to both the Ali. mentary and Respiratory Systems .

Structure oj th e Pharynx . - The Pharynx is composed of three coats. The external coat is " Muscular," the middle is " Fibrou s," and the inn er is " Mucous" and is continuous with the mucous l ining of the nose, mouth and Eustachian tubes. The muscuJ ar coat is composed of muscles called « Constrictors," because bv their contraction they force the food illto the oesophagu

THE OESOPH AGU S OR GULLET

The Oesophagus is that part of the alinientary canal which passes fr om

the pharynx above to t.he stomach below. It enters the abdomen through an opening in the fleshy part of the diaphragm, and aft er a fmther course of one inch enters the stomach at an opening known as :the "Cardia," which is approximately sixteen inches from the incisoT teetb. It is composed of four" coats," from without inwards there being (a) a "fi brous" coat; (b) a "muscular" coat being composed of two lay er s-longitudinal and circ ular; (c) a "submucous" coat; and (d) a " mucous" lining.

(To be continu ed )

POLICE AMBU LANCE NEWS

NJetropolitan .-The individual competition of " A " Division was held at Cannon Row Police Station on November 14 ; when Messrs. G. E. Craft (practical) and H. R. Potter (viva voce) were the judges Some 14 member s competed for the " Eagles" Cup, which was won by P.C. Read, followed by P C. Turp and S. C. Marsh. Chief Inspector F rith announced the results, whilst Commandant Blott presented the awards The competition sec r etary was P.C. Eagl es, the donor of the cup and also the divisional firs t aid trainer. This Division has instituted a first aid leagu e between Regulars, Specials and 'iNar Reserve.

RE COGNI TI ON OF CERTIF ICATES OF OTHER BODIES

The certificate of the undermentioned bodies are recognised as qualification towards the Medallion of the St. John Ambulance Association and for enrolment in the St. John Ambulance Brigade :(a) The American Red Cross Society. (b) The Irish Red Cross Society. (c) The Sovereign and lVIilitary Order of St. John of Jerusalem and of Malta (Irish Association).

from column two) of Lincoln Count)' Centre in succession to the l ate Lord Monson, and in recognition of his work he was made a Knight of Grace of the Order.

He was also keenly interested in the youth work of the district and for many years was president of the Lincoln Y.M.C.A.

MRS. CORBET FLETCHER

We extend to Dr. N. Corbet Fletcher our sincerest sympathies on the passing of his wife after a l.ong illness patiently borne Mrs. Fletcher was seen at few of the Brigade functions, but the help and assistan c. she gave to our Surgeon-inChief was well known to those who had the pleasure of her.

OBITUARY

BRIGADIER-GENERAL SIR JOSEPH BYRNE, G.C.M.G., K.B.E., C.B . It is with deep regret we announce the passing of -Brigadier-General Sir Joseph Byrne, Knight of the Order and Director of the Ambulance Department, whose death occurred spddenly on November 13. Sir Joseph had a long and varied career. He served in the South African War, including the siege of Ladysmith, and later became Assistant Adjutant-General at the War Office. He was appointed Deputy Adjutant-General of the Irish Command and held the post of InspectorGeneral Royal Irish Constabulary from 1916 to 1920. From 1922 to 1927 he was Governor of Seychelles and for the next four years Governor of Sierra Leone. In 1931 he was app ointed Governor of and Commander-in-Chief of Kenya Colony and held thi s office until 1937. During his Governorship of Kenya he was made a Knight of the Order of St. John.

In February, 1940, he succeeded Sir 4 Percival Wilkinson as Director of the Ambulance Department , a position he held at his death. At the time of his appointment the number' of certificates issu ed by the Association had increased manyfold and Sir Joseph instituted a new system whereby the lon g delay that had been experienced by class secretaries in obtaining th e awards was obviated. In many other r espects Sir Jo seph introduced new. methods which assisted the smooth runnin g of his department.

Sir Joseph endeared himself to all who had the privilege and pleasure of meeting him and working under him; his untimely death will leave a blank in the ranks of the Order.

We extend to his family our: sincerest sympathy on their sad bereavement.

LIEUT. - COLONEL F. S. LAMBERT L.R.C.P., M.R.C.S.

We reg ret to announce the death of Lieut.-Col. F. S. Lambert, which took place on October 27 at Lincoln. He was a native of Redhill , Surrey, and moved to Lincoln in 1887. Among his numerous appointments were Medical Officer to Lincoln Post Office for 25 years and the Lincoln Prison for 22 years.

His chief interest, however, was ·in the St. John Ambulance Brigade, for which he started lecturing on his arrival in Lincoln. In 1887 he was chiefly responsible for the formation of the first Division of the Brigade in Lincolnshire , which commenced with 12 workers and had increased to 800 at his death. He b ecame Assistant Commissioner for the County and on his retirement in 1930 he had been connected with the Lincoln Centre for 33 years. In -1938 he was elected president ( Continued bottom of column one)

299

P 'Yoficienc), Badges. - In 'consequence of the shortage of metal , all fu ture Cadet Efficiency Bad ges will be cloth. The design and size will be the same as those now issued in metaL

Northamptbn.-LadY CouIJ.ty Supt Mrs. Jennings, assisted by County Cadet Officer Mrs Remington, carried out tlte enrolment ceremony of some 35 Girl Cadets belongin g to the Spencer No.1, Reev es and Harlestone Divisions. Th e Countess Spencer (County Vice-President) and superint endents of senior divisi ons were present, Lady Corps Supt. Mrs. E. E. Carpente r bein g re spo nsible for the arrangements. As·st. County Officer Mrs. Shaw g ave a talk on " The Order."

Worsboro.-Lady Riverdale prese nted certificates to 22 members of the vVorsboro Cadet Nursing Division. Lady County Cadet Offic e r Mrs. Beverley appealed t o parents to induce their children to continue their attendances at th e lectures g iven on home nursin g, first aid, and other important subjects. Ei g ht girl s qualified for the Proficiency B adge. Wakefield .-NJiss Clinker i s the acting Nursing Cadet Superintendent, and Miss Farrow acting Cadet Offic er to the Wakefie ld Nursing Cadet Divis i on, 'which was formed in July. It is chiefly throu gh their efforts that personn el now numb er 40. Apart from fi r s t aid trainin g, the g irl s hav e assisted the V\Takefield durin g one week two tons of books and magazines, 2t tons of scrap metal, and 2 t stones of horse che stnuts were handed over to the sal vage department .

J ones presided , supported by Corp' Officer T. C. Forbes and Lady Corps Officer Miss Sparkes, who is County Secretary for Ambulance and Girl Cadets, .and other Co unty Staff Officers He expressed thanks to the speakers and also to the H e rtfo rd Ambulance Division for the hospitality extended to th e visitors. vVadeb1'idge.-A Nursing Cadet Division h as been formed at vVadebridge, Lad y Su-pt. Miss Grylls being the enrolling officer, assisted b y Lady County Officer M.rs. Oakley. Twenty-one girl s were present, and among th ose who w itne ssed t1le cerem.o n y were Asst. Commissioner S. M. Laudry, Mr. J Welch (Chairman, \ i\fadebridge Parish Co uncil) , Co uncill or Dr. \iVils o n Gunn, and many par ents a nd friends. The cadets h ad been trained by Mrs. A u s tis B1 amjord.-.L\.n enrolment ceremony of 12 Girl Cadets was carried out by Lady Co unty Cadet Officer Miss Botwood. An instructive talk on "The History of the Ord er" was give n by Lady County Officer Miss Baldwin, and first a id prelimin ary certificates presented by the Vicar (Rev. H arford). Instruction had been given by Amb. Sisters l\11rs. Gooderham a nd Mrs. Peck, the l atter being the prospective Cadet Officer.

fllelli JI/,gborough.-O n November 7 , Lady County Supt. Mrs. J enn in gs enrolled 70 g irl s as members of the two Cadet Divisions formed und e r the \ iVellin gboro u gh Headquarters :t\u r sing Division. First aid certificates were presented by Mrs. J e nnin gs, who was accompa ni ed by "Lady Corps Supt. Mrs. Campbel L The meetir1g was arranged by Lady Supt. Mrs. Adams, assisted b y Carlet S upts. Mrs. Gibson and Mrs. Allen.

Glo 'u cestersmn - A s ucces sful Cadet Officers' Training Course was held in Cheltenham on Nov.ember 7 a nd 8. Miss Andovt!r.-On fovember 5 the Andover V. Cunar d (Headquarters Staff Officer) Cadet ursing Division 'was inspected by g ave 'a series of lecture s, Co L J. L. Lady County Cadet Officer Miss MacSleeman (Chief Commissioner , Brio-ade kenzie, who was r eceived by Lady Supt. Overseas) g ave an address on "Th e Mrs. Wilson. S h e presented certificates Order ," other speakers bein g County of office to Vice-President Miss N. A l tCadet Officer the Rev. E. J M. Eldrid ge, house (who gave permission to hold th e Lady County Cadet Officer Miss S'winton inspection in the Senior Girls' School), (Somerset) , and Miss Hadow (County Youth Lady Ca det Supt. Mrs. K. Dyer, Lady Officer for G l oucestershire). County Com- Cadet Officer Mrs. M. Barnes; also 24 'miss i oner Dr. A. Barrett Cardew, Asst. preliminary first a id certifica t es. The Commissioner H J. Lewi s, and Lady cadets gave a display which was g reatly County Supt. Mis s Faber were present at appreciated by those present. the cour se, which was arranged by Lady P enzance.-D urin g the parade of Civil County Cadet Officer Mi ss D. M. Trimmer. Defence ' Services, on Civi l Defence Day Hertjordsh i re. - On November 28, Cadet and Mayor's Sunday, the Mayor o f PenLeadership Training Course was held at zance took advantage of the occasion t o Hertford Some sixty offioer s and present Mr. W. J Hichen s with his cerpotential officers attended to hear Miss tificate as Vice-President of the Penzance Cunal:d (Staff Officer, Officer Girl Cadet Division, the fir s t such appointment Cadets) , Lady County Cadet Officer Miss in CornwalL Members of the Divisi on, Bosanquet, County Surgeon W. N. under Cadet Supts. L e wis and Booth and Mr. G. E. Craft speak o n many and Cadet 0ffice r Pry or, took part in th e varied su bjects . Commissioner H. Lan gl ey parade.

300

CIVIL ' DEFENCE SERVICES

By W. C. Bentall, <?B.E., F.R.C.S., F.R.G.S.

"UPGRA DED PO INT S"

It was in the early part of 1939 that the Home Office first i ss u ed instructions in re lation to the formation of, " F ir s t Aid Points" in the sparse l y populated rural a reas of th e country.

The idea was that a t small villages consisti n g of a population below the 5 ,0 00 which was considered the minimal population where a First Aid Post cou l d be establi s h ed has n eeds w hi ch could b e m et by such a "Point." The p lan was that a remote fa rmh ouse or country cottage sho uld be suppLied with a box o f first aid dressings which could be put under the charge of a re ident who was trained in the handling of such and that they should tel ephon e or send a messenger the five or six miles to the nearest First Aid Post or to communicate with the Contro l Cen tre of the nearest town asking that a n am bulanc e might be sent out to pick up t he cases to w hi ch such a person had rendered first aid in an un expected ae ri a l attack. It was surpris in g how quickly large numbers of people, not only of the B.RC.S. and S. lA. B. units, but many others , sometim es under the inspiration of a l ocal doctor, collected considerable s ums of money, purchased first aid eq uipm ent and gave up the rooms of some of their houses, or the Village Hall for this "Point" treatment .•

The few of these recognised in the Government scheme were those" Points" considered by the Local Authorities to b e in the most strategic centres for dealing with possible casualties, but the fact that all of these voluntary wo rk e r s had rendered great service by vo lunt a r y gifts of eq uipment and time is fully r ecognised.

Inva sion and pamchute possibilities, together with the development of the Home G u ard, h as g r ad uall y show n t h e advisability ' of not onl y r ecogni s in g m ore official " Points" but of increasing some of them t o a hi gher l evel of equipment and personneL These are n o'v kn own as "Upg rad ed Points." The Local Authorities h ave mad e sel ectio n s of thei r existing "Points," both officia l and unofficial for those strategicall y sit uat ed and s uppli ed with personnel and equipment and th ei r numb e r s throughout the cou ntry n ow amount to seve ral thou sand s.

The Government is prepared to supp l y an amo unt of equ ipm e nt r o u ghly half way between the First Aid Box of th e o ri gina l " Point " and the equipment of a First Aid Post. A ll personnel is volun tary and

many such places already have quite a sto r e of dressings, basins and in struments, the gifts of an imm ense amount of vo lunt a r y service, and as so much of this was purchased before such things became scarce the natur e of this work is very fJully These places now come under offiCIal mspectlOn and have to be linked up with the complete chain of official ser v i ces which means that they must be in contact w ith the Control Centres of the neighbouring lar ger towns so that in the event of casualti es occu rrin g the Control Centres may be telephoned asking fo r ambulances, o r sitting cars, to remove such pati ents after their preliminary treatment and, of course, experi ence has shown that telephones are o n e of the earliest services to be interrupted in most aeri a l attacks, with the result th at it is necessary to establish an adequate messenger se rvic e in the fo rm of cyclist s who can take such messages to the Contro l in o rd er that casualties may be collected from the "Points." This messenger service is sometimes made up by a ser ies of relays, one cyclist going to a village two o r three miles a ,yay to the house of a pre-arranged messenger who wil l carry it on to another place and a on to the Control Centre. This makes it poss ible for the message to travel quickly as each one knows his own district' better than those f urther away, a nd under possibl e diversions of traffic owi n g to cr aters or general confusion in the blackout , this tends to save time on which the lives of casualties may depend.

Usually such "Points" are able to ecure the guiding help of a doctor in their own village or one within' a mile or two. Of co urse at the present time the l a r ge number of doctors b ein g called up into the Services is making this particularly difficu lt, for which reason it is a lm ost essential to have a trained nurse at the head of the personnel of a Point to take the responsibility of what might be a more dangero u s treatment. There are many such l adies who have been nurses in previous years who are readily volunteerin g their services to take np these resp onsib l e posts.

It is well to rememb'er that the firs t a pproach in the forming of uch Upgraded Points i s taken by the Local Authorities, who will decide whether they are necessary and then put forward their requests to the Ministries concerned in the orthodox "'lay.

Cltbr J obn

HEADQUARTER NOTES

Wearing of Ribbons.-According to a list issu ed April 24, 1936, by the Chancery of the Orders of Knighthood, St. James's Palace, giving the order in which insigpias of orders, decorations, medals, ana riband s are to be worn, the Order of St. J ohn comes before the Albert Medal, and the Service Medal of the Order of St. John after the Royal Victoria Medal (Bronze). Men and women of the Brigade are entit l ed to wear the ribands of the Order and the Service Medal in all Service uniforms.

dent was made by the members of the Division to District Officer C. W. Hipkins, of the Western Area. Speeches were made by Assistant Cominissioner S. J . ' Varren, Div. President Sir Richard Sennett, the Mayor of \ iVimbledon (Collncillor A. A. Drake), the Superintendent of the Wimbledon Nursing Division. All paid tribute to Mr. Hipkins' ability and his organisation of the Division during his nine years as superintendent, and also upon his promotion.

Supt. T. Howell, formerly of the Cwmaman Division, Priory for \i\l ales, het'S succeeded Mr. Hipkins as Superintendent of the No. 17 Division. No.1 (PRINCE OF WALES'S)

DISTRICT

On November 25 H.RH. The Duchess No. 115 AMBULANCE AND No. 101 of Kent (Lady NURSING DIVISIONS.-A grand concert in for 'Wales), accompanied by Lady Louis aid of the Prisoners of VVar Parcel Fund Mountbatten (Lady Superintendent-in- was arranged by the Edgware and Mill Chief, Brigade At-Home), paid a visit to Hill Ambulance and Nursing Divisions. Brixton, where the First Aid Post at the Those present included the Mayor and Congregational Church, Brixton, Hill, was Mayoress of Hendon (Ald. and Mrs. J. J. inspected. This Post is manned by Copestake) and District Ofiicer G. H. members of the No. 126 (Tulse Hill) Hart. During the interval the Mayor Nursing Division under Lady Supt. said lie felt proud to be able to present Rogers, S.RN. to Amb. Officer Mrs. F. M. Fox and Amb.

The visitors were welcomed by the Sister Mrs. L. Evershed Certificates for Mayor and Mayoress, Lady County Meritorious Service. Officer Miss Grindley, Dr. Stewart Hunter Supt. Mrs. McCabe spoke of the work (Presid.ent), and Miss Mary Smith (vice- of the Joint War Organisation. As president), Surgeon Melvin, and organiser of the Penny-a-week Fund for others, a guard of honour being composed Edgware she was pleased to state that of members of the Division and the £796 was collected beb'-een September, Nursing Cadet Division. 1941, and 4ugust, 1942. She thanked the

The Cadets gave a very fine display producer, Private Sargent, and the which culminated in the formjng of the artists who had so willingly responded to eight-pointed cross with roller bandages. make the evening a success.

Her Royal Highness expressed her No .2 DISTRICT pleasure at the display and congratulated COUNTY OF BRISTOL the officers on their good work. Lady Louis Mountbatten, Lady Super-

The visitors then left to inspect a deep intendent-in-Chief, accompanied by Asst. shelter and later the St. John Clinic at Lady Superintendent-in-Chief Mrs. R. Pimlico. McKenna, visited Bristol on October 25 No. 58 / 5 DIVISION.-A lantern lecture and inspected units of the County Brigade. was held on November 12, Ald. Stiles Owing to bad weather the inspection was Allen (vice-president) being the l ecture r. held under cover and this necessitated In addition to members of the l oca l two parades-one for Nursing personnel Divisions there were present representa- and one for Ambulance Divisions. tives. of the B.RC.S., Home Guard and In spite of pouring rain some 350 Civil Defence personnel. Comm issioner members of the Nursing Corps were on Capt. W Goodley, District Officers parade under Lady Corps Supt. Miss McBride, Mrs. Tapply and Mrs. vVoodman M. E. E. Sarah Lady Louis, accompanied were among the guests, also the Mayor by County Commissioner A. J. Owens and Mayoress of St. Marylebone, Dr. Britton and Lady County Supt. Mis. Bulmer (M.O.H.), Div. Secretary Frewster H. E. Burgess, carried out a detailed (B .RC.S ), Col. V\Thittle, and other inspection. 160 N\l,l'sing Cadets were on , officers of the Home Guard, also Supt. parade under County Cadet Officer Mrs. Allen and Lady Supt. Mrs. Allen. Thanks M. C. Creech, and to Cadet Corp l. Ruth were extended to CorpI. Mayers, who was Godfrey, of the Bristol So uth Cadet in charge of the refreshm·ents. Nursing Division, Lady Louis presented No. 17 (WIMBLEDON AND MERTON) the Meritorious Service Certificate which DIVISION. - On October 24 a presentation Ruth gained for gallantry in air raids of a testimonial to its former superinten- when only 12t years of age

302

County Headquarters were next visited, and drivers, under Transport Sergt. W. Thatcher, B.E.M., were inspected and the inspecting party shown over the premises and the fleet of ten ambulances.

Returning to the Drill Hall, the Lady Superintendent-in-Chi ef found some 400 members of the three Ambu lance Corps drawn up under the command of Asst. Co unty Commissioner G. J . Creech. Co unty and Corps officers were presented to Lady Louis, and after inspecting the ranks, including 100 Ambulance Cadets the Cou nty Band, under'Band Sergt.MaJor T. J. Cozens, the inspecting officer addressed the parade, warmly congratulating the members on their splendid work under heavy enemy attacks.

Lady Louis and Mrs. McKenna were then entertained to tea by the County Commissioner and staff, which gave an opportunity for personal ,and informal conversation with these officers.

After tea, accompanied by Dr. A. M. Fraser, Asst . M.O.H., and other officials, the party visited the Army Blood Supply Depot at Southmead Hospital, where they were received by Brigadier L. E. H WhItby, M.V.O., M C., and Mrs. vVhitby.

A F A. Post attached to the hospital, where members of the Bristol NursinO' Divisions were on duty, also received visit

Lady Louis expressed her deep satisfaction with all that she had seen and warmly congratulated the Commissioner and his staff on the efficiency and smartness of the Bristol units.

The morning Lady Louis, accompamed by Mrs. McKenna, visited the Barrow Gurney Naval Hospital, where a large number of St. John V.A.D.s are working, many of them since the outbreak of war. Three of our members from this hospital are now servin .:> in Ceylon ..., COUNTY OF HAi\IPSHIRE

PORTSMOUTH. - A presentation of cerhficates and awards to officers, members and of the Portsmouth City Corp , the I ohce City Corps, Home Guard Cadets, etc , took p l ace at the Royal BeaCh. Hotel.- The president of the Corps, Counc Ill or Sir Denis L. Dally, Lord Mayor, was unable to be present and deputed Vice-President Dr. A. B. Williamson (M.O .H .) to perform the ceremony. Included in the 200 awards was that of Serving Brother of the Order, which County Ofncer H. H. Warren received together with the Service Medal. Dr. T. Ernest Roberts (Deputy M.O.H.) was with his badge of office as PreSIdent of the North End Portsmouth N urSing Division.

Corps Supt. F l eming, who presided, supporte d b y Lady Corps Supt. Miss

Reading, . hoped that those who ' had obtained their certificate would become members of th,e Corps and help to marntain its strength in face of the many calls made upon it by the Services.

County Officer Lieut. -Col. H. P. Marshall stated that since the Portsmouth Association was formed in 1881 more than 17,000 certificates had been gained, this year the number being 316.

Those present included Assistant Commissioner Dr. J. G. Glen, County Surgeon H. H. Warner, Lady County Officer Miss Agar, Associatio n Secretary Miss Hatch, Corps Surgeon L. Montague Maybu r y, Corps Officer Lieut. G. Blackman, RN. (Rtd.), Lady Corps Officer Miss Job, Divisional Surgeons W Meikle, B. A. 'V. Stone and B. V. Megarry, and the Asst. Chief Constab l e, Mr. VV. N. vVilson (for the Police Division).

ANDOvER.-Lady County Officer Mrs. Mackenzie inspected the Andover Nursing Division and presented some 30 awards, including certificates of appointment to the secretary and storekeeper.

An interesting display of blitz methods of first aid taught by Dr. Murray, of the Southend Regional Mobile Column Training School, compared with ordinary 'St. John method ,"vas given, also first aid post work.

Mrs. :Hackenzie congratulated the Division on the display and emphasised the need for constant practice to keep up a high standard of efficiency.

Those present included the Mayor and Mayoress, County Surgeon Cockayne, Lady Supt. Mrs. \iVilson, Commandant Miss Prew (Hants / 80 B.RC.S.), Col. Eady (ControUer, Andover Rural A.RP.) , President Armslead and Supt. Spark (Andover Ambulance Division), and others.

No.3 (EASTERN ) DISTRICT NORTHAMPToN.-On October 2 the Spencer Nursing Division was honoured by a visit from County Commissioner Dr. Eric Shaw, who presented chevrons to three sergeants and five corporals. He the Division on being the first m the county to enter members for the N.C.O.'s examination and in a short speech expressed his pleasure that the Lady Anne Spencer has graciously consented to be President of the Division. Among tt:0se present were Lady Supt. Mn;;. S. Llevesley, Sister Hunting, Lady Amb. Officers Miss Macauley and Miss Perkins.

NO .3 (WESTERN) DISTRICT BIRMINGHAM COUNTY.

SMETHWlCK. - On October 18 the Smethwick Ambulance, NursinO' and Cadets Divisions attended a Dchurch parade at St. Michael and A ll AnO'els Ch urch , 'where the Vicar (th e Rev. J .DH. Chamberlam) preached a practical sermon. 303

After the service the parade marched past, the salute being taken by Commissioner Col. Sir Bertram Ford, who later spoke a few words of encouragement and commendat[on.

Among those present were County Surgeon D. J. Nicol, Lady Ford (vicepresident, "Nursing Corps), Corps. Supt. Miss Loeker and Laay Supt . Mrs. E. G. Clarke. Supt. P. Reed was in charge of the parade, the' drums of the Cadets providing the band.

COUNTY OF WORCESTER

The first competition to be held since 1939 'between the North \N orcestershire and the Dudley and District Corps took place on Dctober 24. County Surgeon G. C. Campbell and Div. Surgeon J. Ribchester judged the tests before a large number of spectators, including Asst. Commissioner P. H. Schofield, County Officer D. M. Chapman, Corps Supts. T. C. Lench and A. W. \ iVinbow, Corps Officers Lightfoot, Mills, Rose and vVatkins.

Brierley Hill Division, representing the Dudley Corps, gained the trophy from the Halesowen Division, both teams being congratulated on the high standard of work done

Tea was afterwards supplied by Corps Supt. T. C. Lench.

DUDLEY. - The Dudley Ambulance Division celebrated its 50th anniversary by attending divine service at St. James's Church. Asst. Commissioner P. H. Schofield inspected the parade, which numbered some 120 ambulance, nursing and cadet personnel ; before proceeding to the church.

Among those on parade were Sergeant Bunch, who has 40 years' service to his credit, Staff-Sergt. E. Pettifer with 35 years' service, CorpI. W. Hasley with 30 years, and Amb. Officer Dudley with 25 Years. This Division, which was formed in 1892 , is the oldest in the Midlands WORCESTER.-The annual Home Nursing competitiDn of the Worcester Nursing Divi"sion was held on October 25, when twenty members competed for the silver cup. The winner was Mrs. Walker and Lady CountY Supt. Mrs. Lechmere presented the trophy. A number of visitors were presented and tea was afterwards provided, being served by members of the Cadet Division.

COUNTY OF STAFFORD

WEST BROMWICH. - At the annual meeting of the West Bromwich Headquarters Ambulance Division Councillor A. Turner, th,e new)y-appointed president, receivea his official badge of office from Div Surgeon C. A. Samuels.

Supt. R. Sorrell, who presided, welcomed Mr. Turner, and expressed regret that the Rev. K. G. Symcox, owing to

illness ,. was unable to be present to receive his badge of office as vice-president.

Amb. Officer E. H. Bagnall (secretary and treasurer) reported that 26 members of the divisional strength of 82 were serving with H.M. Forces. Records showed that 1,900 public duties, including C.D. First Aid duties, were carried out and that the financial position was more favourable than the previous year.

The meeting concluded with a two minutes ' silence as a tribute to two members who had passed on since the outbreak of war , namely , Private J. T. Hall, died November, 1939, and Private F. R.A.M.C. , kil)ed in action durin g the Dunkirk evacuation.

No.4 (LANCASHIRE) DISTRICT

NORDEN.-A "Brin g and Buy" sale was held by the orden Nursing Division, at which Mrs. J. L. Collins (president) and Div. Treasurer Miss J Parkins on acted as h ostesses. The effort was held in aid of the Red Cross and St. John Prisoner of vVar Fund and resulted in £67 being forward e d to London. This Division ha s raised nearly £ 200 for variou s charitie s since the beginning .of the war.

It was regretted that Supt. Mi ss E. Shanks was unable to be present owin g t o her s ervin g, with IO other members, a s V.A D. s. Four memb e rs are s ervin g with the \Vomen s Servic es, two are giving full-time service at the local Red Cross Depot , and all other members ar e to F A. Posts , etc. , for part-time s erVIce.

During the last few months the number of in training has increased. All are keenly interested and are helping in salvage, etc.'

ST. HELENs. - On the occasio n of th e marriage of Am b. Officer Mi ss Grace Luckett to Mr. vVilliam Bate, members of the Division formed a g uard of bonour at the church. Mrs. Bate had been Ambulance Officer of the St Helen TO\>ffi Division for several years; she is also hon. secretary.

No.9 DISTRICT COUNTY OF CORNWALL

BODMIN .-On Nov ember 4, in the presence of a lar ge nUl11.b er of residents, the Lord Bishop of Truro d e dicated a new Austin ambulance for use in Bodmin and District. Ministers of the Methodist and Cong regational Churches, the Salvation Army and the Vicar t o ok part in the service, which was attended by the Mayor and members of the Town Council. After the dedication Viscount Clifden (president) presented the ambulance to Asst Commissioner S. M. Laudrey, who handed it over to Supt. W. \N. Hearn. After the ceremony the personnel of the Ambulance, Nursing and Cadets Divisions were inspected by the Bishop, 304

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after which officials and members of the public inspected the ambulance: This is fitted with Carters' hydraulic stretcher gear and is capabTe of carrying four stretcher or 10 sitting cases, together w:ith and equipment .

PENZANcE.-The sum of £11 3s. ,was raised towards funds by a whist drive held by the ladies of the St. Levan St. John Home Nursing and First Aid Section.

No. 10 DISTRICT COUNTY OF CAMBRIDGE

On October 18, following a church parade of the Cambridge Corps, at which ambulance, nursing and cadet personnel were well represented, the parade assembled on Parker's Piece to receive from the patrons of the Si.."'C Bells Inn and the Royal Standard Inn, a considerable quantity of ambulance and nursing equipment.

County Commissioner Dr. K. S. Maurice-Smith and County Officers received the gifts. Those from the Six Bells w:ere handed over by Mr. Butcher (chairman of the Committee, of which Mr. Newman is secretary), and consisted of 10 sets of adjustable splints, six dozen triangular bandages, two blankets, and four bottles of sal volatile.

Mr. Dunks (landlord) and Mr. Fordham (organiser) handed over on behalf of the Royal Standard one set of 8 linen diagrams, 4 blankets, 1 mattress and cover, roller bandages and nursing requisites. They had preyiously given five surgical haversacks and a telescopic-handled stretcher, collected 17s. 6d. for cigarettes for the troops, and two cash donations to the British Red Cross Society, amounting to £36 lOs., since 1940.

COUNTY

OF ESSEX

The Chelmsford, Writtle and Crompton Parkinson Divisions and the Chelmsford Cadet Division were inspected by Commissioner Dr. J. T. Whitley, accompanied by Brig.-General J. T. Wigan, president of the Chelmsford Division, the Mayor of Chelmsford (Mr. Sidney T. Taylor) and • Major H. S. Doe (A.R.P. Officer Essex County Central Area). County Officer W. E. Norfo lk, Corps Officer J. Smith, of the county staff, were also present. After the inspection Badges of Office were presented to Brig.-General Wigan and Mr. T. H. Windibank: (vice-president, Crompton Parkinson Division), who also accepted the President's Badge for Lieut.Colonel Hardie, who AVas unable to athmd. Service Medal Ribbons were presented to Coun ty Officer Norfolk, Corps Officer Smith, and the following members of the Chelmsford Division: Supt. Barber, Amb. Officer Unwin, Cadet Supt. Aldons, Corpls. Keable and Ellis. Tests were set by Dr. Whitley, who

eA-pressed his satisfaction on the work done and with the whole parade.

MANNINGTREE. - On November 8 the Flag of the Manningtree Nursing and Cadet Nursing Divisions was dedicated by the Bishop of Colchester (Rev. A. H. Ridsdale). County Staff was represented by Lady County Supt. Mrs. Smellie and Lady County Cadet Officer Miss Spurgeon , whilst representatives of the Manningtree Ambulance and of Colchester, Dedham , Wivenhoe and Boxted Divisions were also on parade, which numbered about 80. Amb. Sister Yardley, with escort provided by Cadets P. Broughton and B George, carried the Flag to the Altar, where it was received by the Rev. Bagley (president Cadet Division), who handed it to the Bishop. The Dedicatory Prqyers included that of the Brigade; the Lesson was read by Cadet Mabel Read.

NORTHERN IRELAND DISTRICT

. Upwards of 200 officers and member s attended a special service in St. Thomas 's Parish Church, Belfast, on November 8 Representatives attended from all over the city and were in charge of Asst. Commissioner A. W . Mann and Actin g District Supt. Miss S. Duffin. Mr s. Hume (vice-pre sident), Surgeons H. M. McNe.ill and :Miss M. Frazer w er e also present.

An eloquent and impressive serm o n was preached by the Rector (the Rev R. A. Deane) and the offerings wer e devoted to the funds of the St. John Ambulance Brigade.

RECEIVED

" First Aid in Civil by Reginald G. , iVinder, A R.P.S. (Staff Officer Brighton Ca ualty Service and Corps Officer , S.J.A.B.). This booklet (published by The Fountain Press , 11-13 , Breams Buildin g , London, E.C.4) contains many instructions 9n wartime firs t aid and is based, in general principles, on A.R.P. Handbook No 10, being supplemented by experi e nce gained in 20 years of first aid work, including firsthand knowledge at air raid incidents during the present war. The instructions are clearly giverf and comparison is made between first aid in war and peace, in th e former the primary object being to save the greatest number of lives at an incident. This booklet will assist all thos e engaged in C.D. First Aid and it can b e recommended to such personnel. The price Is. 3d. net, plus post, which is in reach of all. There are chapters on Procedur e at air-raid incidents; types of injuries and their causes ; the human bodypositions of important organs; shock; hc:emorrhage; insensibility; burns and scalds; fractures and crushes; ltftin g· and loading; gas con taminated injured 306 '

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GENERAL INTEREST

The follm¥ing letter ha s been received by the Hon. John H. Bruce from Lord Herbert (Comptro ll er to H.R.H. the Duchess of Kent) :-

" I am de sired by the Duchess of Kent to ask you if yo u wo uld kindly convey to the Council of the Vene r abl e Order of the Ho spital of ' St. J ohn of J er u sal em, Priory for Wales, Her Royal Highn ess's heartfelt thanks f o r t h ei r verv kind message of sympathy ,and' tribute to. t h e Duke of Kent, wh ich Her Royal Hi ghness deeply appreciates. It is a sou rc e of g reat comfort to the Duchess of Kent that His late Royal Hi.ghness, as Prior for 'Wal es, was able to r ender ser v ic e to the. Venerable Order of the Hospital of St. J ohn of Jerusalem, which the Duke of Kent had so much at heart , and, as Lady Superinhmdent-in-Chief of the St J ohn A mbulance Brigade in \ iVal es, the Duches s of Kent h ope s to continue the associati on with the Priory for vVales for many years to come."

This g raci o us message came in response to a conveyin g the followin g resolution recorded in th e minutes of the P rior y Council :-

the ad vantage of the Cause in year s to conle."

TVar 01Iga12is aho n -The Hon. John H. Bruce as Joint Re gional Representativ e with Lieut.-Col. Sir Ewen J Maclean , arranged a conference of J oint County Committees in Region 8b on October 29 , and the representative attendance from the counties demonstrated the strong determination on the part of the J oint Committees in this Re gion to make th e maximum contribution to the work of th e ,iVar Organisation.

The Earl of Plymouth as chairman welcomed the delegates and expresse d thanks to Mr. 1. F. Armer for accommodating the meeting in the offices of th e ,Vel s h Board of Health.

The Senio r Regional Commissioner Colonel Sir Geral d Bruce, addressed th e conference / on the subject of Invasion Committees and endorsed a memora n dum drafted by the Commissioner for , iVale s for issue to Brigade Units throughout tb e .P rincipality setting out precisely \\'bat would be expected of ambu l a n ce personnel in invasion conditions, copies of wbich it was subsequently agreed t o s upply to a ll Joint County Comm ittee s in the Re gion.

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1dr. 1. F. Armer, Senior Regional Offic er and chairman of the vVel sJ? Board of Health, dealt with the subject of F l yin g Col umn s and Rest Centre Reliefs, expressin g g ratitude to the Glamorga n J oint Committee for setting up th e Ylerthyr Tydfi.l F lying Column and tb e provision of Rest Centre Reliefs. both of which schemes were operating under th e commandantship of Captain W. .T . Canton, Ll.B., Commissi one r for Me rth y r Tydfi.l.

, , That this Council places on r ecord its profound sense--of the irreparable los s s ustain ed by the n atio n as a who l e, and the Order of St. J ohn in particular, by the lam entab le and untim ely death of H.R.H . the Duke of Kent while on active ser vice in the vVorld War; a nd desire s respectfull y t o assure H.R.H. the Duchess of Kent of its sincer est sympathy with her and her young children in this hour of grief and trial. It wou ld anticipate the wishes of Chapter by testifying to the lastin g influen ce exert ed b y His Royal Highnes s's life and character upon the An interesting acco unt of the work Priory for "Vales, t o whose hi ghest of the Civil Defence Workers' Health interests he dedicated his princely quali- Department was give n by the Direct or, ties of h eart and mind in the capacity of Mrs. J. Woollcombe, who answered a Prior from 1936 to 1941 , during the numb er of questions. course of which his duties we r e dischar ged Miss S Vachel! , the Regional Adwith unfailing solicitud e for the welfar e ministrator, vV.V .S., spoke on W.V. S of humanity through tbe promotion of. Houses and the assi stance they woul d ambulance work The members here render on the casualty side. She pai u assembled desire to convey to th e Duchess tribute to the support r eceiv ed from th e of Kent their keen apprecia tion of the Ambulanc e Organisations, particularly notable services she has rendered to the for the provision of l ecturers for th e Priory as Lady Superintendent-in-Chief, Housewives' Service.

St. John Ambulance Brigade in Wales, It was agreed that the Conferen ce which have won her the high esteem and sh ould be convened half-yearly , that it warm affection of the Welsh people; and should function in a consultative manne r, express an earnest hope that this bene- and that th e choice and n,umber of r epreficial connection may be perpetuated to sentatives be left to th e option of J .C e.s.

308

Corps man writes-

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CENTRE REPORTS

CARMARTHENSHIRE CENTRE.-The following summary of the activities of the Pencader First Aid Class during the past year, recei.ved from the hon. secretary, Mr. J. T. Davies, is of value as an indication of the extent to which sustained support is being given to the ambulance movement by class members :-

To keep the members together during the ,summer, two teams were formed, a ladies' and" gents" team. The former took the "Miss Lloyd Price Challenge Cup" at Pencader Sports, and won first prizes at Llanybyther Sports and at Llanllwni. The latter won the " Colonel Lewes Challenge Cup" at Pencader, and secured first prizes at Lampeter, Llanybyther and Llanllwni Sports Both teams were unbeaten as they were successful during ,all their appearances Being new teams I can only add that their successes were due to intensive training under great difficulties; some of the members are farm workers and had three miles to co:ue to the cla'sses. This they d id during faIr weather and foul, and after a hard day's work, which indicates the keen interest taken in First Aid work in this district.

We organised a whist drive in aid of the Red Cross, which brought in nearly £50. Also a whist drive for the local Comforts Fund, when approximately £20 was received.

The" Sports" organised in conjunction v,:ith the local movements was a great success, and ' the programme included an ambulance competition.

, The Medical Officer of Health for the County of Carmarthen paid us a visit about three weeks and delivered an interesting lecture, which was greatly appreciated. A local gentleman has presented a telescopic-handled Furley stretcher.

a busy' year., but she would not forget duties as their Lady Corps Supermtendent. Her connection with the St John Ambu l ance Brigade had provide d her with many pleasant hours, Ca8et Susan Twiston Davies proposed , and Cadet Diana Short seconded, a vote of thanks to Lady Bradney for visitin g them.

Captain Beard said the records showe d that there were over 3,400 Brigade members in the County of Monmouthshire, excluding Newport. OIfe thousand of these were cadets , 1,600 were men and the rest were "women members. When war broke out they were able to bring into service a body of men and women full y trained in first aid, and almost the whol e of the casualty service in Monmouthshire was being done by Brigade members. They had been complimented by th e Government on their efficiency.

Supt. Rees Mor gan proposed a vote of thanks to Captain Beard and the ladie s, and to Corps Supt. S. C . Morgan, of Chepstow.Mrs R E. Vlebb responded on behalf of the Nursin g Division.

GLAMORGAN CENTRE (Ca erph i lly County Area). - Corps Secretary S. Hu ghes announces the following results o f th e Lindsay .Corps Se,ni?r and Cad e t Lea g u e compehtJOns :-Semoy .' Nelson Divisional team won the championship event a t Ystrad Mynach by the narrow margin of half a point, Trelewis " A?> t e am comin a second. The team W9-S tained by Supt. J. E. Davies, the memb e r s being Messrs, C. 'lV. Turner, D. Thoma s, J. Ro g ers and C Price, Cad et.' The fin al ' contest at Trelewis proved Nelson" A " Cadets the winners of the league cup for the best aggregate of points, Penallta coming second and Gellyg aer third The Bedlinof? Cadet team s ecured the highe st marks m the last competition, thu s winning the "Dame Hughes" memorial shield. The trophies were presented b y Lieut.-Col. D. Hughes, D.C.M.

MONMOUTHSHIRE CENTRE.-The County Commissionet, Captain S. T. Beard, presided at a gathering of members at the AIDS TO MEMORY Monmouth Divisional Headquarters on The British Museum is anxious t o October 22 and announced that as a re- acquire copies of the publication" Aid t o ward for their work and membership Memory." Any reader who posses s the cadets would receive gifts which came editions published in March, 1908" o r from the Junior Red Cross of America 1908, and are willing to par t for children in England and Wales. WIth them, should forward the copies t o Lady Twiston Davies presented first aid the Chief Secretary of the St. Joh n certificates and gifts to Cadets, COrl- Ambulance Association at the temporar y gratulatin g Lady Corps Supt. Mrs. T. O. address . (Willey Park, Broseley, ShropDavies on becoming the" Mayoress of shire) or to the Assistant Keeper, DepartMonmouth. She was proud of Mrs. ment of Printed Books, Bri.tish Museum , ,Davies for her work for the Monmouth London, W.C.1. Nursing Division and of the adult and If readers are in doubt as to the date cadet members engaged in the work of publication copies should be sent t o which was close to her heart. the Chief Secretary of the Association and Mrs. T. O. Davies said she would have any not required will be returned. 310

Efficient 311d rapid t.·eatlllent ' of Illinor ,vounds

Occlusive wound dressings, because they fewer changes, allow granulatlOns to form undisturbed This method, approved in surgical practice, is possible with , El.astoplast ' Occlusive Dressings whlch fllso economise in materials and time.. 'Elastoplast' is widely used in HospItals, etc., for the efficient and rapid treatment of minor wounds.

INTERESTING CASE REPORTS

CA'SE I o . 216 .-The Office r -in-

Ch a r ge of Ne. 3 A r ea, Co unt y of Ke n t ,

S .J .A .B ., l:eports th e efficient r e n derin g of fir st a i d b y m e mb ers of the Canterbur y Co rp s in t h e fo ll o wi ng cir c u msta n ces ;-

A t 11.20 p.m. o n A u g u s t 8, a call was r eceived at a C.D. Depot t o a so l d i er w h o h ad b een t a k en ill n ea rb y. Corpo r a l

G. L ink a nd P ri vat e F. I ggl es d e n a t o n ce

proc'eed e d t o t h e h o u se a n d fo un d th at a

sol d i er wh.o h a d r etir ed t o b ed, not fee lin g well , had later co m e d own st ai r s a n d

collaps e d a t th e b o t to m 0'£ the s t a ir case.

Pulse a nd br eath i n g b ei n g a b sent , a rtificia l r espir a ti o n was at o n ce c o m menced a n d w a s continued w it ho u t a break (eve n w hil e patient was b ei n g transported on stretch er and in am bul ance) for 2t ho u rs unt il he was removed by militar y amb ul ance to b a rr acks , and was certified d ead b y t h e Medical Officer. T h e latter stated t h at eve r ything possi b l e had been do n e a nd th at prob ab l y patient died before ass i stan ce r each e d t h e ho u s e.

COMMENT - T o Corporal L1:n k an d

P"i v ate Iggl esden we t en der conlia l congratu l ati ons i n that their act i on w a s p e?'fectly correct and in strict accordanc e wi th the firs t pr.inciple of first aid a s la id d own in Textbook (p. 23) and also in that ·it w a s approv ed by th e 111 Officer to w hos e care th ey tran sf erred th eir

CASE R EPORT No. 217 .-Th e Officer- in-

Ch a r ge of t he vVes t Co rn wall Ar ea

S .J .A .B . r ep or t s the efficie n t p er fo rman c e of fi r st aid by a member of the Bu d e-

S tra tton D iv i sion in the fo ll owi n g circumsta n ces ;-

O n Au g ust 16 P riv a t e G eo r g e E dw a r c1

S h eppard, who is at prese nt serving in th e RA M.C , was wal kin g with his wife a l on g the Breakwater at Bude in the midd l e of the morni n g He heard s omeo n e cryin g for he lp a n d s ee in g a y o un g l ady in apparent dan O'er he d i ved fu ll y clothe d in the sea, and a g ain s t s tron g and very dang erou s curre nts which prevail nea r the Breakwate r end and Barrel R ock h e swam toward s h er. Findin g that s he w as not in difficulti es a nd h e aring furth er c ri es he saw a man a b o ut 300 yard s fr om th e s h o r e in diffi c u l ti es. By a supr e m e effort he succ e ed e d in brin gin g the man t o safety in a v er y exhausted conditi o n The man wa s r e mov e d t o h os pital an d "vas later repo r t e d t o be rec o ve ri ng satisfactorily.

COMMEN T - Th is r ep ort p ro vi des an excell ent example of / con sider ab le pe1'severa nce and strenuous effort f or w h ich Priv at e G. E . S heppard mer i t s cor dial congrat u lat ions - N.C.F

QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

I NV OL UNTARY MUSCLES way as t o g ive gentl e u p w ard s u pport (see T. G . (Belfast) .-L-T h e Text book (p. 39 ) RA.M.C. Trainin g , 1935 , para . 589 , tell s u s th at" t h e in volu ntary m u scles Amendments o. 4 , 1939). " Vle sha ll a r e met with , and in most of the welcome you r comments int ernal o r gan s " From thi s we a r e I n view of th e fact tha t th e T ex t book wa s le d to believe t h at some org ans ha ve n o compil ed for th e tr eatment of civil i a n involuntary mus cl es. I have a l w a ys em erg en cie s , I t a k e th e view t hat th e Halt er u nder stood that a ll internal o r gan s hav e bandage there i n rec ol1'tme n ded is pe1'fectly invo lu ntar y m u scles and come u nder the s atisfactory for ci v i li a,n cas es of fra d u re d co ntr ol of the Sympath etic Ker v o u s ja w , bec aus e, comp ound , Syst e m. vVe t hank yo u fo r the benefi t s thi s is not as ser1:Ous a s i s met w ith in w a? ' received b y yo u r a n swe r s to ot her co rre- condit i ons s p o n dents Exp e11ience ha s sho wn , ho weve? ' , that t lt e T he s oluti on of your problem. r est s in th e Halt er bandage do es tend to p11 0duc e a fact that some of th e i nternal 011g ans do not back w ard 1:n s tead of a n up w ard p u ll; that hav e any muscuZa11 ti s su e, though all have i n em ergenc i es con n ected wi th w ar fra ctU?' e blood ves sels Cons equ ently all are u nd..er of th e J'a w is usually com po lltnd , CO 11/,th e contro l of th e Sy mp athet i c Ne r v ou s plic ated and often ' co m m inlltt ed; and th at S y stem.-N.C.F. con se quently th e Barrel ban dage is to be. TREATMENT OF FRACTURED JAW pref err ed for such ca ses. I r egr et that I do R B. (Dub li n).- I n t he Brit i sh D ental not kno w th e Ham i lto n ban dage - N.C F. -

Journ al o f Sept ember 1 the fo ll owin g no t e " H UMAN STRET CHER o n tr e atm ent of fract u red j aw a pp eared ;- P. S. (Car diff) - A s a memb e r of th e B AN DAGI NG ....:-.The o rdina r y fou r -tail e d B r i gade I m u ch r-eg r et that the hu manb a n dage sh o ul d never b e u sed. T h e st r et cher h as b een dropped f rom th e " Barrel " a nd "Ha mil to n " t ypes are Textbook beca u se it was a m ost usefu l v eTY s ui ta bl e and easil y a n d r a p i dl y m eth od of tr anspo rt by t wo bearers , apptied , In a ll c ases t h e b a nd ages especiall y f o r a n un co n scio u s patient should be 'appli e d under th e chin in s u ch a whose face was pa le. \ iVo ul d t he fo r e -and312

JlJERVOUS DYSPEPSIA

The palat ability of ' BiSoDo L' a nd its lack of such deterrent qualities as cum ula ti ve or constipa tin g tendencies particularly ad a p t it for use b y t he sensiti ve patient. It is rapid in action , p ro du cing sedation and r educin g acidit y within a sho rt space of time.

Do se: O ne or two teaspoonfuls in a smaIL quantity of m ilk or water may be g i ven th ree times daily before meals

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aft method serve as a substitute? I take He then took off the dressing and applied it, however, that in suitable circum- vaseline, but the patient did not progress stances its use is still allowed, and I shall very well. welcome your comments on this point. I shall be pleased to have your comment Th ere is no reason why you, should on th e treatment, and to know if yo u agree not continue to use the human-stretch er if with either of these r emed ie s for first aid in any particular case it seerns to you to treatment. be the most suitable method of transport. The W01'k of th e fi ,yst aider is to guard Its omission from, the T extboo k simply against any inj'1-wy or condition becoming means that it is not ac cep table in examina- aggravated,' and it is therefore, p'urely pretions and competitions cond'1-£cted under th e ventive. The wO?' k of the docto1 1 however, authority of the A ssociati on and B1 igade. is definitely curative,' and it cannot be judged Tr uth to tell, e,"Cperience p11 0ved that the by first a1;d standards. human -stretcher is only really usefu l when In these ci1 cu1nstances, first aiders must the patien t is a light weight and that it is abide by the instructions of the T extbo ok.useless when he (or she) is a heavy weight. N.C.F. As a substitute the Textbook Rev is ion Co m- FRACTURES OF THIGH AND LEG mittee deem,ed that th e two-handed seat F. G (Brixton Hill) - In treatment of could be m,odified and wou ld be m,ore suit - fractures of the tibia and fibula and of the able even when the patient's face is pale. femur we are instructed in the Textbook , Th e fore-and-aft method is not satisfactory when single-handed, to tie the feet becaus e it 06cupies ' more time and is together first before applying splints so specially indicated f01 1 the removal of as to effect extension. Is there not a recumbent patients from narrow and danger of the patient, when semi-conconfined scious or in pain, drawing the" good" TREATMENT OF BURNS le g up and so not only defeat the end in F. W. (Great Yannouth).-I recently view but seriou sly aggravate the fracture? treated a case of severe scalds on both Th e danger to w hich YO'1-£ refer does not legs with the regulation burn aressing usually occur in actual p?actice because slightly damped. The patient was then pain wi lZ be present and wi ll hav e the effect conveyed to a doctor, who stated that of restraining any attempt to Gau se movethese dressin gs were in order, but that he ment. Also you wou ld have warned th e preferred liquid parafiin or white vaseline. patient to keep still.-N.C.F.

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