Test Bank for Through Women's Eyes
6th Edition
DuBois, Dumenil, Stevenson
ISBN: 9781319244569
TB6 1. America in the World, to 1650
1. Before Europeans came to the Americas, Indigenous women living in agricultural communities
a. performed crucial tasks such as planting, harvesting, and processing food.
b. were in charge of domestic chores while men worked in the fields.
c. supplemented the food grown by the men by gathering berries.
d. assisted the men during harvesting, but spent most of their time doing domestic chores.
ANSWER: a
2. How were relations between the sexes characterized in traditional Native American societies?
a. Gender roles were well defined, and society was as patriarchal as in Europe.
b. Men and women had distinct gender roles yet there was also social equality.
c. Gender relations were very fluid, and women had superior status to men.
d. Women had most of the political power and were seen as religious leaders.
ANSWER: b
3. Pueblo peoples were matrilocal, meaning that
a. men left their mothers’ homes upon marriage to live with their wives’ families.
b. women established family identity and rights to use the land in each clan.
c. women, but not men, could end their marriages and choose new partners without stigma.
d. women decided who would serve as clan chief and when those chiefs had to relinquish the position.
ANSWER: a
4. Why were the Iroquois unique among the Indigenous peoples of the Eastern Woodland region?
a. The chiefs of the Iroquois were always women.
b. They were the only tribe in the region to hunt buffalo.
c. The Iroquois created an elaborate confederation to establish peace.
d. There was no sexual division of labor among the Iroquois.
ANSWER: c
5. The Iroquois had a matrilineal system, meaning that
a. lineage was generally traced through the father’s line.
b. lineage was generally traced through the mother’s line.
c. a woman was expected to live among her husband’s people.
d. a man was expected to live among his wife’s people.
ANSWER: b
6. Indigenous women appeared sexually immoral to Europeans because they
a. accompanied men on hunting trips.
b. could have multiple husbands.
c. preferred to marry European men.
d. did not need to stay in unhappy marriages.
ANSWER: d
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TB6 1. America in the World, to 1650
7. European observers misunderstood Indigenous cultures and tended to view most Indigenous women as
a. hostile and dangerous.
b. immoral and sexually promiscuous.
c. suitable and willing wives.
d. sexually unattractive.
ANSWER: b
8. In Pueblo ideology, which factors contributed to relatively egalitarian relationships between the sexes?
a. Women’s sexual power and their role in food production
b. Women’s influence in political and diplomatic matters
c. Women’s dominance over trade and warfare
d. Women’s performance of hard physical labor and control of land
ANSWER: a
9. Prior to the arrival of Europeans, Indigenous societies
a. lived in static, peaceful societies that rarely changed.
b. regularly engaged in trade with one another.
c. enjoyed a uniform culture that spread across the continent.
d. made few distinctions between the roles of women and men.
ANSWER: b
10. What type of political power did Indigenous women hold in most tribes?
a. Because male chiefs had all of the power, women had little say in tribal matters.
b. Women held economic power but had no say in political matters, such as trade and warfare.
c. Women, particularly older women, were allowed to voice their opinions and participate in decision making.
d. Most Indigenous women had no power, with the exception of the Pueblos, whose sachems were often female.
ANSWER: c
11. The sexual division of labor in Iroquois tribes
a. made women politically inferior to the men of the tribe.
b. was similar to that in European society.
c. meant that women were dominant in the village.
d. left women to hunt and conduct trade while the men worked in the fields.
ANSWER: c
12. Why did some Indigenous people cross gender lines and live as members of the opposite sex?
a. They wanted the power of matriarchy.
b. They wanted the power of patriarchy.
c. They wanted to challenge traditional gender norms.
d. They were spiritual individuals whose vision quest dictated they cross gender lines.
TB6 1. America in the World, to 1650
ANSWER: d
13. How did the Spanish monarchs fund Columbus’s voyage of exploration?
a. Using wealth confiscated from the expelled Spanish Jews
b. By the sale of Queen Isabella’s jewels
c. Through a loan from Spanish Moors
d. With gold raised through the sale of enslaved Africans
ANSWER: a
14. Why is Malinche a controversial figure in Mexican history?
a. Malinche betrayed the Spanish, leading to their defeat at the hands of the Aztecs.
b. By marrying Cortés, she became the first Indigenous woman to reject her own people and marry a Spaniard.
c. She dedicated herself to religious life and sought to convert her people to Catholicism.
d. Malinche is seen as both the mother of the Mexican race and someone who betrayed Indigenous peoples.
ANSWER: d
15. Marina de San Miguel was investigated by the Spanish Inquisition because she
a. was a former Jew who converted to Christianity in Mexico.
b. refused to relinquish her position as abbess of the first American convent.
c. spoke out against the enslavement of Indigenous women.
d. was economically and spiritually independent and influential in Mexico City.
ANSWER: d
16. How were colonial French marriages to Indigenous women different from Spanish interactions with Indigenous women?
a. The Spanish only married white women and preferred to maintain Indigenous women as their concubines.
b. French men integrated themselves into Indigenous culture, whereas Spanish men forced their Indigenous wives to integrate into European culture.
c. The French demanded that their Indigenous wives convert to Catholicism, whereas the Spanish allowed them to retain Indigenous religions.
d. Spanish men used their relations with Indigenous women to achieve alliances, whereas the French marriages angered tribal leaders and led to warfare.
ANSWER: b
17. How did the Protestant Reformation affect European women’s lives in the sixteenth century?
a. Women gained new economic opportunities as old Catholic ideas restricting them to domestic duties were overturned.
b. In Protestant areas of Europe, most female religious orders closed, confining women to wifehood and motherhood and denying them access to education and status.
c. The Protestant Puritan religion swept over many Western European societies and placed greater restrictions on sexual intimacy in marriage.
d. Most Protestant churches accorded women a greater religious and political equality, ending the patriarchal family in Protestant areas.
ANSWER: b
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TB6 1. America in the World, to 1650
18. How did the advent of modern European capitalism affect European women’s lives in the sixteenth century?
a. It made women economically subordinate to men and confined them to limited occupations.
b. It freed them from their confinement as domestic laborers and opened economic opportunities outside the home.
c. It limited every European’s prospects for economic advancement, catalyzing emigration to the New World.
d. It led to a dramatic fall in the birthrate, resulting in smaller families and longer life spans for women.
ANSWER: a
19. Which role performed by some Indigenous women was most valuable to Spanish conquistadores?
a. Cooks and laundresses
b. Travel guides
c. Military advisors
d. Diplomatic aides
ANSWER: d
20. Early Spanish exploration by Christopher Columbus was partly shaped by
a. Ferdinand and Isabella’s desire to challenge the English in North America.
b. Ferdinand and Isabella’s hunger for gold from the New World.
c. Spanish eagerness to import Indigenous laborers to Spain.
d. Isabella’s passion to spread Catholicism throughout the world.
ANSWER: d
21. Why did many Spanish women see immigration to New Spain as a great opportunity during the middle of the sixteenth century?
a. The Catholic Church had less influence there and did not keep women tied to the home.
b. The Spanish government promised grants of land to women who emigrated.
c. They could better their position through advantageous marriages and easy inheritances.
d. Male Spanish colonists had adopted Indigenous customs and abandoned the patriarchal family.
ANSWER: c
22. How did French involvement in the fur trade affect Indigenous family and gender relationships?
a. Women stopped working in the field and joined men on the hunt for furs.
b. Men spent more time away from their families as the hunt for fur intensified.
c. The French fur traders enslaved Indigenous women to skin and process the furs.
d. Warfare between the French and Indigenous people led to the death of many males, disrupting families.
ANSWER: b
23. Which group created “frontiers of exclusion” by pushing Indigenous people off their lands to establish colonial settlements?
a. The Spanish
b. The Portuguese
TB6 1. America in the World, to 1650
c. The French
d. The English
ANSWER: d
24. Why did Sir Walter Raleigh give the name “Virginia” to the land he was granted for a colony in North America?
a. His wife’s name was Virginia, and he set out for the new land on her birthday.
b. He hoped to win Queen Isabella’s favor by dedicating the land to the Virgin Mary.
c. He was a court favorite of Elizabeth I of England and wanted to honor his Virgin Queen.
d. He viewed it as pristine, virgin territory that had not been modified by human hands.
ANSWER: c
25. After the first attempt to colonize Jamestown nearly failed, what did the colony’s leaders decide they had to do to ensure commitment for a permanent settlement?
a. Offer more free land for those willing to move to and settle in the new colony
b. Recruit unmarried English women to become settlers’ wives
c. Allow the settlers to use Indigenous people as workers on their plantations
d. Convert the Indigenous women to Christianity so they could become wives for male settlers
ANSWER: b
26. Why did England’s Queen Elizabeth show interest in colonizing North America in the late sixteenth century?
a. She wanted to challenge the legacy of Spain’s Queen Isabella.
b. She wished to spread the Protestant faith to new lands.
c. She hoped to use the land to attract a royal marriage.
d. She hoped farming in North America would give England needed food.
ANSWER: a
27. In contrast to Catholic settlers, the Protestant English had few structures for converting Indigenous peoples to Christianity and were
a. less likely to marry Indigenous women, choosing instead to import white women early on.
b. therefore more willing to allow their Indigenous wives to keep their religion and culture.
c. able to make alliances with the Indigenous people more easily since they did not threaten their culture.
d. often more focused on fighting the French and Spanish than interacting with the Indigenous people.
ANSWER: a
28. Historians think that the English settlers on the island of Roanoke included women in their colony to
a. replace Indigenous women as wives for the men already living on the island.
b. teach Indigenous women how to process tobacco leaves for sale in the English market.
c. serve as a signal to the Indigenous people that this was a peaceful settlement.
d. ensure that the settlement would grow through reproduction.
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TB6 1. America in the World, to 1650
ANSWER: c
29. The English at Jamestown felt that Indigenous women’s labor in the fields made them
a. especially valuable as wives because they could help the colony survive.
b. an excellent example for Englishwomen, who were soon made to grow food.
c. drudges and showed that their Indigenous husbands were lazy and uncivilized.
d. useful enslaved people who would help the English make a profit growing tobacco.
ANSWER: c
30. At the time of European contact, West African women were
a. productive, particularly in agricultural and trading roles.
b. mainly subservient to African men.
c. confined to childbearing and childrearing.
d. barred from spiritual rituals and practices.
ANSWER: a
31. How did Europeans view and treat African women differently than Indigenous women?
a. They accepted African women serving as political leaders of their tribes.
b. They approved of African women hunting with their husbands.
c. They were not interested in marrying African women.
d. They considered the attire of African women appropriate and modest.
ANSWER: c
32. How did Europeans’ impact on Indigenous peoples affect their relations with Africans in the sixteenth century?
a. The success of the effort to convert Indigenous peoples in large numbers prompted them to attempt the same thing in Africa.
b. The decline of Indigenous populations from European disease contributed to the decision to import enslaved Africans to work on sugar plantations in the Americas.
c. After dealing with Indigenous people’s hostility, the Spanish and Portuguese believed Africans would be easier to manage.
d. Europeans learned that converting Indians was too difficult, so they imported West Africans who were already Catholic.
ANSWER: b
33. Compared to the intra-African slave trade that preceded it, the transatlantic slave trade was more
a. humane because African captives were treated well since they were so valuable.
b. focused on buying and selling enslaved women rather than enslaved men.
c. closely regulated by European governments for compliance with fair trading practices.
d. brutal and more deadly, as enslaved Africans shipped to the Americas were often worked to death.
ANSWER: d
34. During the earliest phase of the fifteenth-century slave trade, where did Portuguese and Spanish enslavers
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TB6 1. America in the World, to 1650
send captive Africans?
a. They sent Africans to their colonies to grow tobacco.
b. Black captives were brought to the Iberian Peninsula to work as servants.
c. Enslaved women remained within Africa, becoming the wives of European colonists.
d. Enslaved Africans were used primarily on the Caribbean sugar plantations.
ANSWER: b
35. What role did women traditionally play in West African society before extensive contact with Europeans?
a. They were often responsible for cultivating major foodstuffs and textiles, and often participated in trade.
b. They led secluded lives and were subject to male spouses’ regulation through polygamous practices.
c. They were confined to household and domestic duties and were seldom seen outside the home.
d. They mainly participated outside the home in spiritual rituals and practices.
ANSWER: a
36. How did European slave traders first obtain enslaved Africans in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries?
a. They attacked African peoples and enslaved prisoners of war.
b. They cooperated with African slave traders, who traded some of their captives to them.
c. They brought Indigenous women to trade for African women.
d. They traded tobacco from North America to African merchants in exchange for enslaved laborers.
ANSWER: b
37. The growth of the transatlantic trade in African peoples the seventeenth century was facilitated by Europeans’ racial ideas that
a. converting Africans to Christianity would make them more civilized.
b. African women were hardy and would make excellent mates for the colonists.
c. African childrearing and clothing practices were inferior to theirs and Africans were like animals.
d. only men were useful as enslaved people and so only men should be brought over to the Americas.
ANSWER: c
38. How did African slavery change in North America during the eighteenth century?
a. Slavery became more controversial as Puritan colonists began to question the morality of owning another human being.
b. More men arrived in North America to work in the sugar, tobacco, and rice fields, creating severe gender imbalances.
c. English colonists became less dependent on the continual importation of enslaved people because so many indentured servants came to the colonies.
d. The enslaved population became self-reproducing, with more people being born into slavery in North America than were imported from Africa.
ANSWER: d
39. Why were the Brazilian and Caribbean plantations such deadly places for enslaved Africans during the colonial period?
a. Europeans generally worked enslaved Africans to death because it cost less to replace them than to sustain
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TB6 1. America in the World, to 1650
them.
b. Africans were particularly susceptible to European diseases and as a result died in large numbers.
c. Like Europeans, enslaved Africans were frequently victims of Indigenous American raids on European settlements.
d. Enslaved Africans staged frequent revolts, which the Europeans regularly suppressed with massive executions.
ANSWER: a
40. According to legend, what crop was introduced to North America by enslaved African women who brought the seeds over hidden in their hair?
a. Cotton
b. Tobacco
c. Rice
d. Sugarcane
ANSWER: c
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