QUESTION 5 | UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD BEECROFT BUILDING - HAWKINS\BROWN - 2018 Anna Toft The Beecroft building is the ‘first new addition to the physics department at Oxford University in 50 years’29. A much-needed update of facilities and working behaviours in terms of collaborative learning orientated by open learning spaces situated at the centre of the building with surrounding classrooms and sunroof. The architects had to stick to a tight brief because specific technological performance requirements and sited in a sensitive location surrounded by listed buildings and historic trees. Compared to the Nantes architecture school the site was much larger and where scale is of more importance within an architectural institution, where as circulation is of more importance within the science faculties as BEECROFT BUILDING NANTES ARCHITECTURE SCHOOL science changes very quickly. 29 ArchDaily. 2018. University Of Oxford Beecroft Building / Hawkins\Brown. [online] Available at: [Accessed 14 December 2020]. Figure 109: Beecroft building circulation Figure 110: Nantes school circulation Figure 106: Facade Beecroft building Figure 111: Map 1:600 Beecroft building Figure 112: Nantes school edited google map Cost and scale: Expensive material used in terms of construction cost £50m overall with an internal space of 7900m^2 compared to the Nantes internal area of 15150m^2, however, the Beecroft building extends 16m below ground creating greater amounts of space regardless of hight restrictions and site size. The Nantes building has more of a longitudinal spatial organisation. Figure 114: Beecroft massing diagram Figure 107: Section Beecroft building Figure 115: Nantes school massign diagram Use of natural light to minimise energy use and natural ventilation just like the Nantes building, but ventilation at lower lab levels but encompasses the same idea of future thinking within the institutional practise and collaboration. Figure 113: Beecroft section showing sustainability Figure 108: Collaborative learning spaces interior Beecroft Nantes is built with multi-purpose study space with public services integrated, the Beecroft building is more a more exclusive institution. 23 LIST OF FIGURES: F RO N T PAG E : P H O T OG RA P H O F N A N T E S SC H OO L O F A RC H I T E C T U R E B Y P H I L I P P E RUAU LT F RO M - " N A N T E S SC H OO L O F A RC H I T E C T U R E / L ACAT O N & VASS A L" , A RC H DA I LY, 2 0 2 0 < H T T P S: / / W W W. A RC H DA I LY.CO M / 2 5 41 9 3/ N A N T E S - SC H OO L - OF -A RC H I T E C T U R E - L ACAT O N -VASS A L > [ ACC E SS E D 1 1 DE C E M B E R 2 0 2 0 ] CO N T E N T S PAG E : N A N T E S W I DE R S I T E P L A N B Y E L L A F R E E MA N F I GU R E 1 : N A N T E S S I T E P L A N T RAC E D B Y E L L A F R E E MA N F RO M - RU B Y, I L K A , A N D A N DR E AS RU B Y, U N I V E RS I T Y BU I L DI N G I N F RA N C E : N A N T E S SC H OO L O F A RC H I T E C T U R E , E D. ( H O LC I M F OU N DAT I O N 2 0 1 1 ) F I GU R E 2 : CO N T I N UAT I O N O F S T R E E T DI AG RA M B Y E L L A F R E E MA N F I GU R E 3 - 5 : P H O T OG RA P H S B Y L ACAT O N A N D VASS A L F RO M - " L ACAT O N & VASS A L" , L ACAT O N VASS A L .CO M , 2 0 2 0 < H T T P: / / L ACAT O N VASS A L .CO M / I N DE X . P H P ? I DP = 5 5 > [ ACC E SS E D 1 1 DE C E M B E R 2 0 2 0 ] F I GU R E 6 : RA M P DI AG RA M B Y E L L A F R E E MA N C R E AT E D US I N G S E C T I O N F RO M - " N A N T E S SC H OO L O F A RC H I T E C T U R E / L ACAT O N & VASS A L" , A RC H DA I LY, 2 0 2 0 < H T T P S: / / W W W. A RC H DA I LY.CO M / 2 5 41 9 3/ N A N T E S - SC H OO L - OF -A RC H I T E C T U R E - L ACAT O N -VASS A L > [ ACC E SS E D 1 1 DE C E M B E R 2 0 2 0 ] F I GU R E 7 - 8 : B E N E F I T S T O CO M M U N I T I E S DI AG RA M B Y E L L A F R E E MA N F I GU R E 9 : A DA P TA B I L I T Y DI AG RA M B Y E L L A F R E E MA N O V E R A XO N O M E T R I C F RO M - RU B Y, I L K A , A N D A N DR E AS RU B Y, U N I V E RS I T Y BU I L DI N G I N F RA N C E : N A N T E S SC H OO L O F A RC H I T E C T U R E , E D. ( H O LC I M F OU N DAT I O N 2 0 1 1 ) F I GU R E 1 0 -1 1 : P H O T OG RA P H S B Y L ACAT O N A N D VASS A L F RO M - " L ACAT O N & VASS A L" , L ACAT O N VASS A L .CO M , 2 0 2 0 < H T T P: / / L ACAT O N VASS A L .CO M / I N DE X . P H P ? I DP = 5 5 > [ ACC E SS E D 1 1 DE C E M B E R 2 0 2 0 ] F I GU R E 1 2 : P ROG RA M M E D VS U N P ROG RA M M E D S PAC E DI AG RA M B Y E L L A F R E E MA N C R E AT E D US I N G P L A N F RO M - " N A N T E S SC H OO L O F A RC H I T E C T U R E / L ACAT O N & VASS A L" , A RC H DA I LY, 2 0 2 0 < H T T P S: / / W W W. A RC H DA I LY.CO M / 2 5 41 9 3/ N A N T E S - SC H OO L - OF -A RC H I T E C T U R E - L ACAT O N -VASS A L > [ ACC E SS E D 1 1 DE C E M B E R 2 0 2 0 ] F I GU R E 1 3 -1 4 : P H O T OG RA P H S B Y L ACAT O N A N D VASS A L F RO M - " L ACAT O N & VASS A L" , L ACAT O N VASS A L .CO M , 2 0 2 0 < H T T P: / / L ACAT O N VASS A L .CO M / I N DE X . P H P ? I DP = 5 5 > [ ACC E SS E D 1 1 DE C E M B E R 2 0 2 0 ] F I GU R E 1 5 -1 7 : DI AG RA M S B Y E L L A F R E E MA N O V E R A XO N O M E T R I C F RO M - RU B Y, I L K A , A N D A N DR E AS RU B Y, U N I V E RS I T Y BU I L DI N G I N F RA N C E : N A N T E S SC H OO L O F A RC H I T E C T U R E , E D. ( H O LC I M F OU N DAT I O N 2 0 1 1 ) F I GU R E 1 8 -1 9 : P H O T OG RA P H S B Y L ACAT O N A N D VASS A L F RO M - " L ACAT O N & VASS A L" , L ACAT O N VASS A L .CO M , 2 0 2 0 < H T T P: / / L ACAT O N VASS A L .CO M / I N DE X . P H P ? I DP = 5 5 > [ ACC E SS E D 1 1 DE C E M B E R 2 0 2 0 ] F I GU R E 2 0 - 2 1 : P H O T OG RA P H S B Y E L L A F R E E MA N F I GU R E 2 2 : P H O T OG RA P H B Y F RA N K L I N A Z Z I F RO M - G R I F F I T H S, A LY N , " F RA N K L I N A Z Z I A RC H I T E C T U R E CO N V E R T S N A N T E S WA R E H OUS E S I N T O A R T SC H OO L" , DE Z E E N , 2 0 1 8 < H T T P S: / / W W W. DE Z E E N .CO M / 2 0 1 8 / 0 9/ 2 3/ F RA N K L I N -A Z Z I -A RC H I T E C T S - N A N T E S - S A I N T - N A Z A I R E - H I G H E R - SC H OO L - F I N E -A R T S -A RC H I T E C T U R E / > [ ACC E SS E D 1 1 DE C E M B E R 2020] F I GU R E 2 3 : P H O T OG RA P H B Y M . A RG Y ROG LO F RO M - " T H E MAC H I N E S DE L' Î L E I N N A N T E S " , O F F I C I A L W E BS I T E F O R T OU R I S M I N F RA N C E < H T T P: / / E E . F RA N C E . F R / E N / DI SCO V E R / MAC H I N E S - I L E - N A N T E S > [ ACC E SS E D 1 1 DE C E M B E R 2 0 2 0 ] F I GU R E 24 - 2 5 : S I T E P L A N S B Y E L L A F R E E MA N F I GU R E 26 : P H O T OG RA P H B Y S I M O N M E N G E S F RO M - RU B Y, I L K A , A N D A N DR E AS RU B Y, U N I V E RS I T Y BU I L DI N G I N F RA N C E : N A N T E S SC H OO L O F A RC H I T E C T U R E , E D. ( H O LC I M F OU N DAT I O N 2 0 1 1 ) F I GU R E 2 7 : P H O T OG RA P H B Y BC N U E J F RO M - " N A N T E S | BA RC E LO N A L A B F O R U R BA N E N V I RO N M E N TA L J US T I C E A N D SUS TA I N A B I L I T Y " , BA RC E LO N A L A B F O R U R BA N E N V I RO N M E N TA L J US T I C E A N D SUS TA I N A B I L I T Y < H T T P: / / W W W. BC N U E J .O RG / 2 0 1 8 / 0 4 / 2 3/ A- N E W- BOO K -A N A LYZ E S - T H E - T RA J E C T O R Y- O F - G R E E N I N G - P O L I C Y- I N - 9 9 - C I T I E S / N A N T E S / > [ ACC E SS E D 1 1 DE C E M B E R 2 0 2 0 ] F I GU R E 2 8 : P H O T OG RA P H B Y GX P ROJ E C T F RO M - "OUS E BU R N VA L L E Y - W I N G E D TA L E S 6 — G E T N O R T H ! " , G E T N O R T H ! < H T T P S: / / G E T N O R T H 2 0 1 8 .CO M / V E N U E S / W I N G E D TA L E S - 6 / > [ ACC E SS E D 1 1 DE C E M B E R 2 0 2 0 ] F I GU R E 2 9 : P H O T OG RA P H B Y H A P P Y P O N T I S T F RO M - P O N T I S T, T H E H A P P Y, " T Y N E S I DE B R I DG E S: 1 . OUS E BU R N V I A DUC T " , H A P P Y P O N T I S T. B LOGS P O T.CO M , 2 0 1 4 < H T T P: / / HA P P Y P O N T I S T. B LOGS P O T.CO M / 2 0 1 4 / 0 3/ T Y N E S I DE - B R I DG E S -1 - OUS E BU R N -V I A DUC T. H T M L > [ ACC E SS E D 1 1 DE C E M B E R 2 0 2 0 ] F I GU R E 3 0: P H O T OG RA P H B Y BC N U E J F RO M - " N A N T E S | BA RC E LO N A L A B F O R U R BA N E N V I RO N M E N TA L J US T I C E A N D SUS TA I N A B I L I T Y " , BA RC E LO N A L A B F O R U R BA N E N V I RO N M E N TA L J US T I C E A N D SUS TA I N A B I L I T Y < H T T P: / / W W W. BC N U E J .O RG / 2 0 1 8 / 0 4 / 2 3/ A- N E W - BOO K -A N A LYZ E S - T H E - T RA J E C T O R Y- O F - G R E E N I N G - P O L I C Y- I N - 9 9 - C I T I E S / N A N T E S / > [ ACC E SS E D 1 1 DE C E M B E R 2 0 2 0 ] F I GU R E 3 1 : P H O T OG RA P H B Y L ACAT O N A N D VASS A L F RO M - " L ACAT O N & VASS A L" , L ACAT O N VASS A L .CO M , 2 0 2 0 < H T T P: / / L ACAT O N VASS A L .CO M / I N DE X . P H P ? I DP = 5 5 > [ ACC E SS E D 1 1 DE C E M B E R 2 0 2 0 ] F I GU R E 3 2 : OUS E BU R N DE N S I T Y DI AG RA M B Y E L L A F R E E MA N F I GU R E 3 3 : N A N T E S DE N S I T Y DI AG RA M B Y E L L A F R E E MA N F I GU R E 3 4 : A XO N O M E T R I C DRAW I N GS F RO M - RU B Y, I L K A , A N D A N DR E AS RU B Y, U N I V E RS I T Y BU I L DI N G I N F RA N C E : N A N T E S SC H OO L O F A RC H I T E C T U R E , E D. ( H O LC I M F OU N DAT I O N 2 0 1 1 ) F I GU R E 3 5 : DI AG RA M O F DI V I S I O N O F L E V E LS B Y E H A N H A L I M U N F I GU R E 3 6 : P H O T O B Y JAV I E R CO L L E JAS P H O T OG RA P H Y, A N N O TAT E D B Y E H A N HA L I M U N F I GU R E 3 7 : P H O T O B Y JAV I E R CO L L E JAS P H O T OG RA P H Y, A N N O TAT E D B Y E H A N H A L I M U N F I GU R E 4 6 : N A N T E S S I T E P L A N T RAC E D B Y X I N RU I L I N F RO M - RU B Y, I L K A , A N D A N DR E AS RU B Y, U N I V E RS I T Y BU I L DI N G I N F RA N C E : N A N T E S SC H OO L O F A RC H I T E C T U R E , E D. ( H O LC I M F OU N DAT I O N 2 0 1 1 ) F I GU R E 4 7 : P O LYCA R BO N AT E PA N E L DI AG RA M T RAC E D B Y X I N RU I L I N F RO M - MAT E R I A L , “ W H AT E X AC T LY I S A P O LYCA R BO N AT E T RA N S LUC E N T FACA DE ? ” , A RC H DA I LY, 2 0 1 9 < H T T P S: / / W W W. A RC H DA I LY.CO M / 9 2 2 7 3 5/ W H AT - I S - E X AC T LY-A- POLYCA R BON AT E - T RA N S LUC E N T - FACA DE > [ ACC E SS E D 1 4 DE C E M B E R 2 0 2 0 ] F I GU R E 4 8 : P O LYCA R BO N AT E PA N E L P H O T O B Y MAT E R I A L , “ W HAT E X AC T LY I S A P O LYCA R BO N AT E T RA N S LUC E N T FACA DE ? ” , A RC H DA I LY, 2 0 1 9 < H T T P S: / / W W W. A RC H DA I LY. CO M / 9 2 2 7 3 5/ W H AT - I S - E X AC T LY-A- P O LY CA R BON AT E - T RA N S LUC E N T - FACA DE > [ ACC E SS E D 1 4 DE C E M B E R 2 0 2 0 ] F I GU R E 4 9 : FACA DE O F P O LYCA R BO N AT E PA N E LS - P H O T OG RA P H S B Y L ACAT O N A N D VASS A L F RO M - " L ACAT O N & VASS A L" , L ACAT O N VASS A L .CO M , 2 0 2 0 < H T T P: / / L ACAT O N VASS A L .CO M / I N DE X . P H P ? I DP = 5 5 > [ ACC E SS E D 1 4 DE C E M B E R 2 0 2 0 ] F I GU R E 5 0: T H E S E PA N E LS M O DU L E S T H E I N T E R I O R L I G H T I N G - P H O T OG RA P H O F N A N T E S SC H OO L O F A RC H I T E C T U R E B Y P H I L I P P E RUAU LT F RO M - " N A N T E S SC H OO L O F A RC H I T E C T U R E / L ACAT O N & VASS A L" , A RC H DA I LY, 2 0 2 0 < H T T P S: / / W W W. A RC H DA I LY.CO M / 2 5 41 9 3/ N A N T E S - SC H OO L - OF -A RC H I T E C T U R E - L ACAT O N -VASS A L > [ ACC E SS E D 1 4 DE C E M B E R 2 0 2 0 ] F I GU R E 5 1 : CO L L AG E S O F C L I MAT E P E R F O R MA N C E DU R I N G W I N T E R A N D S P R I N G / AU T U M B Y X I N RU I L I N - US I N G F RO M S E C T I O N S B Y L ACAT O N A N D VASS A L F RO M - RU B Y, I L K A , A N D A N DR E AS RU B Y, U N I V E RS I T Y BU I L DI N G I N F RA N C E : N A N T E S SC H OO L O F A RC H I T E C T U R E , E D. ( H O LC I M F OU N DAT I O N 2 0 1 1 ) F I GU R E 5 2 : CO L L AG E S O F C L I M AT E P E R F O R M A N C E DU R I N G SU M M E R B Y X I N RU I L I N - US I N G F RO M S E C T I O N S B Y L ACAT O N A N D VASS A L F RO M - RU B Y, I L K A , A N D A N DR E AS RU B Y, U N I V E RS I T Y BU I L DI N G I N F RA N C E : N A N T E S SC H OO L O F A RC H I T E C T U R E , E D. ( H O LC I M F OU N DAT I O N 2 0 1 1 ) F I GU R E 5 3 : F I RS T F LOO R P L A N B Y X I N RU I L I N - US I N G F RO M P L A N B Y L ACAT O N & VASS A L F RO M - “ N A N T E S SC H OO L O F A RC H I T E C T U R E ” , W O R L DA RC H I T E C T S, 2 0 1 2 < H T T P S: / / W W W.W O R L D -A RC H I T E C T S.CO M / E N / A RC H I T E C T U R E - N E W S / R E V I E W S / N A N T E S - SC H OO L - OF -A RC H I T E C T U R E > [ ACC E SS E D 1 4 DE C E M B E R 2 0 2 0 ] F I GU R E 5 4 : 3 D M O DE L L I N G DI AG RA M B Y X I N RU I L I N F RO M - RU B Y, I L K A , A N D A N DR E AS RU B Y, U N I V E RS I T Y BU I L DI N G I N F RA N C E : N A N T E S SC H OO L O F A RC H I T E C T U R E , E D. ( H O LC I M F OU N DAT I O N 2 0 1 1 ) F I GU R E 5 5 : P H O T OG RA P H O F A N N E L ACAT O N A N D J E A N - P H I L I P P E VASS A L F RO M “ T H E DAY L I G H T A N D BU I L DI N G CO M P O N E N T AWA R D 2 0 1 1 ” < H T T P: / / T H E DAY L I G H TAWA R D.CO M / L ACAT O N -A N D -VASS A L / > [ ACC E SS E D 1 4 DE C E M B E R 2 0 2 0 ] F I GU R E 5 6 : DI AG RA M O F T E N T S I N N I G E R B Y C HAO J U N G C H A N G F I GU R E 5 7 : P I C T U R E O F J E A N - P H I L I P P E VASS A L ’S H OUS I N G DE S I G N I N N I G E R F RO M < H T T P S: / / O F H OUS E S.CO M / P OS T / 1 3 7 3 3 1 6 7 1 0 3 1 / 26 7 -J E A N - P H I L I P P E - VASS A L -VASS A L H OUS E > [ ACC E SS E D 1 4 DE C E M B E R 2 0 2 0 ] F I GU R E 5 8 : MA I SO N K E R E M MA B Y L ACAT O N & VASS A L F RO M “ MA I SO N K E R E M MA , K E R E M MA ” , L ACAT O N A N D VASS A L , < H T T P S: / / W W W. L ACAT O N VASS A L .CO M / I N DE X . P H P ? I DP = 1 4 > [ ACC E SS E D 1 4 DE C E M B E R 2 0 2 0 ] F I GU R E 5 9 : M A I SO N L ATA P I E B Y L ACAT O N & VASS A L F RO M MA I SO N “ L ATA P I E F LO I RAC ” , L ACAT O N A N D VASS A L , < H T T P S: / / W W W. L ACAT O N VASS A L .CO M / I N DE X . P H P ? I DP = 2 5 > [ ACC E SS E D 1 4 DE C E M B E R 2 0 2 0 ] F I GU R E 6 0: DI AG RA M O F G R E E N H OUS E S YS T E M S B Y C H AO J U N G C HA N G F I GU R E 6 1 : S I T E P L A N S H O W I N G T H E BU I L DI N G OU T L I N E A N D T H E S I T E BOU N DA R Y B Y C H AO J U N G C HA N G F I GU R E 6 2 : DI AG RA M S S H O W I N G T H E P O T E N T I A L F U N C T I O N S O F T H E U N P ROG RA M M E D S PAC E S B Y C HAO J U N G C H A N G F I GU R E 6 3 : DI AG RA M S H O W I N G T H E DE S I G N A P P ROAC H O F L ACAT O N A N D VASS A L CO M PA R E D T O O T H E R A RC H I T E C T S B Y C H AO J U N G C H A N G F I GU R E 6 4 : P I C T U R E S H O W I N G T H E CO N N E C T I O N B E T W E E N T H E BU I L DI N G A N D T H E CO N T E X T F RO M - B I Z L E Y, P R E W E T T, " N A N T E S A RC H I T E C T U R E SC H OO L – L ACAT O N VASS A L — P R E W E T T B I Z L E Y A RC H I T E C T S | PASS I V H AUS | R E T RO F I T " , P R E W E T T B I Z L E Y A RC H I T E C T S | PASS I V HAUS | R E T RO F I T, 2 0 2 0 < H T T P: / / W W W. P R E W E T T B I Z L E Y.CO M / G RA H A M B I Z L E Y- B LOG / 2 0 1 5/ 7/ 2 / N A N T E S -A RC H I T E C T U R E - SC H OO L - L ACAT O N -VASS A L > [ ACC E SS E D 1 1 DE C E M B E R 2 0 2 0 ] F I GU R E 6 5 : P H O T OG RA P H O F T H E E N T RA N C E O F T H E W O R KS H O P S PAC E F RO M - B I Z L E Y, P R E W E T T, " N A N T E S A RC H I T E C T U R E SC H OO L – L ACAT O N VASS A L — P R E W E T T B I Z L E Y A RC H I T E C T S | PASS I V H AUS | R E T RO F I T " , P R E W E T T B I Z L E Y A RC H I T E C T S | PASS I V HAUS | R E T RO F I T, 2 0 2 0 < H T T P: / / W W W. P R E W E T T B I Z L E Y.CO M / G RA H A M - B I Z L E YB LOG / 2 0 1 5/ 7/ 2 / N A N T E S -A RC H I T E C T U R E - SC H OO L - L ACAT O N -VASS A L > [ ACC E SS E D 1 1 DE C E M B E R 2 0 2 0 ] F I GU R E 6 6 : BU I L DI N G OU T L I N E DI AG RA M B Y C HAO J U N G C H A N G F I GU R E 6 7 : E N C LOS E D S PAC E / P U B L I C S PAC E DI AG RA M B Y C HAO J U N G C H A N G F I GU R E 6 8 : S K E T C H O F T H E S LO P E B Y C H AO J U N G C HA N G F I GU R E 6 9 : S K E T C H O F T H E BU I L DI N G E X T E R I O R A N D T H E SU R ROU N DI N GS B Y C HAO J U N G C H A N G F I GU R E 7 0: DI AG RA M O F C L I MAT E S YS T E M O F T H E BU I L DI N G I N W I N T E R B Y C H AO J U N G C HA N G F RO M - RU B Y, I L K A , A N D A N DR E AS RU B Y, U N I V E RS I T Y BU I L DI N G I N F RA N C E : N A N T E S SC H OO L O F A RC H I T E C T U R E , E D. ( H O LC I M F OU N DAT I O N 2 0 1 1 ) F I GU R E 7 1 : DI AG RA M O F C L I MAT E S YS T E M O F T H E BU I L DI N G I N S P R I N G / AU T U M N B Y C HAO J U N G C H A N G F RO M - RU B Y, I L K A , A N D A N DR E AS RU B Y, U N I V E RS I T Y BU I L DI N G I N F RA N C E : N A N T E S SC H OO L O F A RC H I T E C T U R E , E D. ( H O LC I M F OU N DAT I O N 2 0 1 1 ) F I GU R E 7 2 : DI AG RA M O F C L I MAT E S YS T E M O F T H E BU I L DI N G I N SU M M E R B Y C H AO J U N G C H A N G F RO M - RU B Y, I L K A , A N D A N DR E AS RU B Y, U N I V E RS I T Y BU I L DI N G I N F RA N C E : N A N T E S SC H OO L O F A RC H I T E C T U R E , E D. ( H O LC I M F OU N DAT I O N 2 0 1 1 ) F I GU R E 7 3 : DI AG RA M O F P O LYCA R BO N AT E PA N E L B Y C HAO J U N G C HA N G F I GU R E 74 : BU I L DI N G FACA DE F RO M - RU B Y, I L K A , A N D A N DR E AS RU B Y, U N I V E RS I T Y BU I L DI N G I N F RA N C E : N A N T E S SC H OO L O F A RC H I T E C T U R E , E D. ( H O LC I M F OU N DAT I O N 2011) F I GU R E 3 8 : P H O T O B Y JAV I E R CO L L E JAS P H O T OG RA P H Y, A N N O TAT E D B Y E H A N HA L I M U N F I GU R E 3 9 : E X P LO DE D A XO N O M E T R I C DI AG RA M B Y E H A N H A L I M U N BAS E D O N F LOO R P L A N S F I GU R E S 7 5 -76 : S I T E P L A N S F RO M GOOG L E I MAG E B Y A N N A T O F T F I GU R E S 7 7 -7 9 : RUAU LT, P. , 2 00 9 . F RAC DU N K E RQ U E . [ I MAG E ] AVA I L A B L E AT: < H T T P S: / / W W W. A RC H DA I LY.CO M / P H O T OG RA P H E R / P H I L I P P E - RUAU LT ? A D _ N A M E = P ROJ E C T - F I GU R E F I GU R E F I GU R E F I GU R E F I GU R E S P E CS & A D _ M E DI U M = S I N G L E > [ ACC E SS E D 1 4 DE C E M B E R 2 0 2 0 ] . F I GU R E 8 0: F RAC DU N K E RQ U E E DI T E D S E C T I O N B Y A N N A T O F T F I GU R E 8 1 : VASS A L , L . , 2 00 9 . L ACAT O N & VASS A L . [ O N L I N E ] L ACAT O N VASS A L .CO M . AVA I L A B L E AT: < H T T P S: / / W W W. L ACAT O N VASS A L .CO M / I N DE X . P H P ? I DP = 6 1 > [ ACC E SS E D 1 4 DE C E M B E R 2 0 2 0 ] . F I GU R E 8 2 : N A N T E S SC H OO L O F A RC H I T E C T U R E E DI T E D S E C T I O N B Y A N N A T O F T 4 0: P H O T OS B Y L ACAT O N A N D VASS A L , A N D CO L L AT E D B Y E H A N H A L I M U N 41 : P H O T O B Y P H I L I P P E RUAU LT 4 2 : P H O T O B Y P H I L I P P E RUAU LT 4 3 : P H O T O B Y P H I L I P P E RUAU LT, A N N O TAT E D B Y E H A N H A L I M U N 4 4 : P H O T O B Y P H I L I P P E RUAU LT, A N N O TAT E D B Y E H A N H A L I M U N F I GU R E 4 5 : A DA P TA B L E S PAC E DI AG RA M B Y E H A N H A L I M U N F I GU R E 8 3 : L ACAT O N A N D VASS A L , 2 0 1 0. N A N T E S SC H OO L O F A RC H I T E C T U R E . [ I MAG E ] AVA I L A B L E AT: < H T T P S: / / W W W. L ACAT O N VASS A L .CO M / I N DE X . P H P > [ ACC E SS E D 1 4 24 APPENDICES | 170