130 131 QUESTION 5 | GLASGOW SCHOOL OF ART - CHARLES RENNIE MACKINTOSH - 1909 QUESTION 5 | UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD BEECROFT BUILDING - HAWKINS\BROWN - 2018 Anna Toft The Mackintosh Glasgow school of art was ‘built over a period of nine years’28 and is the only building assigned to one discipline un-like other buildings in the GSA group. The cost and time of construction is one of the main differences to the Nantes school as well as the wide umbrella of people the building invites in due to the flexibility of space it provides. However, despite the time differences between the two projects they both similarly reflect innovative light solutions. This similarity can also be seen in the double height library with workstations placed at its heart, although intentionally programmed, libraries create a space of knowledge and learning for multiple people (collaboration). 28 Anna Toft The Beecroft building is the ‘first new addition to the physics department at Oxford University in 50 years’29. A much-needed update of facilities and working behaviours in terms of collaborative learning orientated by open learning spaces situated at the centre of the building with surrounding classrooms and sunroof. The architects had to stick to a tight brief because specific technological performance requirements and sited in a sensitive location surrounded by listed buildings and historic trees. Compared to the Nantes architecture school the site was much larger and where scale is of more importance within an architectural institution, where as circulation is of more importance within the science faculties as BEECROFT BUILDING NANTES ARCHITECTURE SCHOOL science changes very quickly. Mackintosh-architecture.gla.ac.uk. 2020. Mackintosh Architecture: The Catalogue - Browse - Display. [online] Available at: [Accessed 14 December 2020]. 29 ArchDaily. 2018. University Of Oxford Beecroft Building / Hawkins\Brown. [online] Available at: [Accessed 14 December 2020]. Figure 109: Beecroft building circulation Figure 110: Nantes school circulation Figure 93: Libary space Figure 106: Facade Beecroft building Figure 111: Map 1:600 Beecroft building Figure 96: Light wells Mackintosh Figure 94: Exterior Mackintosh Figure 98: Mackintosh building edited google image Figure 99: Nantes school edited google image Cost and scale: Expensive material used in terms of construction cost £50m overall with an internal space of 7900m^2 compared to the Nantes internal area of 15150m^2, however, the Beecroft building extends 16m below ground creating greater amounts of space regardless of hight restrictions and site size. The Nantes building has more of a longitudinal spatial organisation. Materials: Limestone, steel, wood, heavy weighted structure, and long construction time compared to the Nantes; however, sustainability is more of a modern-day issue, Mackintosh’s main issue was budget at the time hence the local sourcing of material. Figure 97: exterior windows Mackintish Figure 112: Nantes school edited google map Figure 100: Mackintosh libary section Orientation opposite to the Nantes building Larger unprogrammed space Figure 101: Material Mackintosh Figure 102: Material Nantes school Figure 114: Beecroft massing diagram Figure 107: Section Beecroft building Figure 103: Massing diagrams Longitudinal space like the Nantes, spread out rather than tall buildings that are more common today as institutional buildings tend to be at the centre of the city. Figure 95: Enterence Mackintosh Figure 115: Nantes school massign diagram Use of natural light to minimise energy use and natural ventilation just like the Nantes building, but ventilation at lower lab levels but encompasses the same idea of future thinking within the institutional practise and collaboration. 22 Figure 113: Beecroft section showing sustainability Figure 104: Nantes school open space Figure 105: Mackintosh school open space Figure 108: Collaborative learning spaces interior Beecroft Nantes is built with multi-purpose study space with public services integrated, the Beecroft building is more a more exclusive institution. 23 BIBLIOGRAPHY: LIST OF FIGURES: CO N T E N T S PAG E : N A N T E S W I DE R S I T E P L A N B Y E L L A F R E E MA N F I GU R E 1 : N A N T E S S I T E P L A N T RAC E D B Y E L L A F R E E MA N F RO M - RU B Y, I L K A , A N D A N DR E AS RU B Y, U N I V E RS I T Y BU I L DI N G I N F RA N C E : N A N T E S SC H OO L O F A RC H I T E C T U R E , F I GU R E 4 6 : N A N T E S S I T E P L A N T RAC E D B Y X I N RU I L I N F RO M - RU B Y, I L K A , A N D A N DR E AS RU B Y, U N I V E RS I T Y BU I L DI N G I N F RA N C E : N A N T E S SC H OO L O F A RC H I T E C T U R E , E D. ( H O LC I M F OU N DAT I O N 2 0 1 1 ) F I GU R E 4 7 : P O LYCA R BO N AT E PA N E L DI AG RA M T RAC E D B Y X I N RU I L I N F RO M - MAT E R I A L , “ W H AT E X AC T LY I S A P O LYCA R BO N AT E T RA N S LUC E N T FACA DE ? ” , A RC H DA I LY, 2 0 1 9 < H T T P S: / / W W W. A RC H DA I LY.CO M / 9 2 2 7 3 5/ W H AT - I S - E X AC T LY-A- P OLY CA R BON AT E - T RA N S LUC E N T - FACA DE > [ ACC E SS E D 1 4 DE C E M B E R 2 0 2 0 ] E D. ( H O LC I M F OU N DAT I O N 2 0 1 1 ) F I GU R E 2 : CO N T I N UAT I O N O F S T R E E T DI AG RA M B Y E L L A F R E E MA N F I GU R E 3 - 5 : P H O T OG RA P H S B Y L ACAT O N A N D VASS A L F RO M - " L ACAT O N & VASS A L" , L ACAT O N VASS A L .CO M , 2 0 2 0 < H T T P: / / L ACAT O N VASS A L .CO M / I N DE X . P H P ? I DP = 5 5 > F I GU R E 4 8 : P O LYCA R BO N AT E PA N E L P H O T O B Y MAT E R I A L , “ W HAT E X AC T LY I S A P O LYCA R BO N AT E T RA N S LUC E N T FACA DE ? ” , A RC H DA I LY, 2 0 1 9 < H T T P S: / / W W W. A RC H DA I LY. CO M / 9 2 2 7 3 5/ W H AT - I S - E X AC T LY-A- P OLY CA R BON AT E - T RA N S LUC E N T - FACA DE > [ ACC E SS E D 1 4 DE C E M B E R 2 0 2 0 ] F I GU R E 4 9 : FACA DE O F P O LYCA R BO N AT E PA N E LS - P H O T OG RA P H S B Y L ACAT O N A N D VASS A L F RO M - " L ACAT O N & VASS A L" , L ACAT O N VASS A L .CO M , 2 0 2 0 < H T T P: / / [ ACC E SS E D 1 1 DE C E M B E R 2 0 2 0 ] F I GU R E 6 : RA M P DI AG RA M B Y E L L A F R E E MA N C R E AT E D US I N G S E C T I O N F RO M - " N A N T E S SC H OO L O F A RC H I T E C T U R E / L ACAT O N & VASS A L" , A RC H DA I LY, 2 0 2 0 < H T T P S: / / W W W. A RC H DA I LY.CO M / 2 5 41 9 3/ N A N T E S - SC H OO L - OF -A RC H I T E C T U R E - L ACAT O N -VASS A L > [ ACC E SS E D 1 1 DE C E M B E R 2 0 2 0 ] F I GU R E 7 - 8 : B E N E F I T S T O CO M M U N I T I E S DI AG RA M B Y E L L A F R E E MA N F I GU R E 9 : A DA P TA B I L I T Y DI AG RA M B Y E L L A F R E E MA N O V E R A XO N O M E T R I C F RO M - RU B Y, I L K A , A N D A N DR E AS RU B Y, U N I V E RS I T Y BU I L DI N G I N F RA N C E : N A N T E S SC H OO L O F A RC H I T E C T U R E , E D. ( H O LC I M F OU N DAT I O N 2 0 1 1 ) F I GU R E 1 0 -1 1 : P H O T OG RA P H S B Y L ACAT O N A N D VASS A L F RO M - " L ACAT O N & VASS A L" , L ACAT O N VASS A L .CO M , 2 0 2 0 < H T T P: / / L ACAT O N VASS A L .CO M / I N DE X . P H P ? I DP = 5 5 > L ACAT O N VASS A L .CO M / I N DE X . P H P ? I DP = 5 5 > [ ACC E SS E D 1 4 DE C E M B E R 2 0 2 0 ] F I GU R E 5 0: T H E S E PA N E LS M O DU L E S T H E I N T E R I O R L I G H T I N G - P H O T OG RA P H O F N A N T E S SC H OO L O F A RC H I T E C T U R E B Y P H I L I P P E RUAU LT F RO M - " N A N T E S SC H OO L O F A RC H I T E C T U R E / L ACAT O N & VASS A L" , A RC H DA I LY, 2 0 2 0 < H T T P S: / / W W W. A RC H DA I LY.CO M / 2 5 41 9 3/ N A N T E S - SC H OO L - OF -A RC H I T E C T U R E - L ACAT O N -VASS A L > [ ACC E SS E D 1 4 DE C E M B E R 2 0 2 0 ] F I GU R E 5 1 : CO L L AG E S O F C L I MAT E P E R F O R MA N C E DU R I N G W I N T E R A N D S P R I N G / AU T U M B Y X I N RU I L I N - US I N G F RO M S E C T I O N S B Y L ACAT O N A N D VASS A L F RO M - RU B Y, I L K A , A N D A N DR E AS RU B Y, U N I V E RS I T Y BU I L DI N G I N F RA N C E : N A N T E S SC H OO L O F A RC H I T E C T U R E , E D. ( H O LC I M F OU N DAT I O N 2 0 1 1 ) F I GU R E 5 2 : CO L L AG E S O F C L I M AT E P E R F O R M A N C E DU R I N G SU M M E R B Y X I N RU I L I N - US I N G F RO M S E C T I O N S B Y L ACAT O N A N D VASS A L F RO M - RU B Y, I L K A , A N D A N DR E AS [ ACC E SS E D 1 1 DE C E M B E R 2 0 2 0 ] F I GU R E 1 2 : P ROG RA M M E D VS U N P ROG RA M M E D S PAC E DI AG RA M B Y E L L A F R E E MA N C R E AT E D US I N G P L A N F RO M - " N A N T E S SC H OO L O F A RC H I T E C T U R E / L ACAT O N & VASS A L" , A RC H DA I LY, 2 0 2 0 < H T T P S: / / W W W. A RC H DA I LY.CO M / 2 5 41 9 3/ N A N T E S - SC H OO L - OF -A RC H I T E C T U R E - L ACAT O N -VASS A L > [ ACC E SS E D 1 1 DE C E M B E R 2 0 2 0 ] F I GU R E 1 3 -1 4 : P H O T OG RA P H S B Y L ACAT O N A N D VASS A L F RO M - " L ACAT O N & VASS A L" , L ACAT O N VASS A L .CO M , 2 0 2 0 < H T T P: / / L ACAT O N VASS A L .CO M / I N DE X . P H P ? I DP = 5 5 > [ ACC E SS E D 1 1 DE C E M B E R 2 0 2 0 ] F I GU R E 1 5 -1 7 : DI AG RA M S B Y E L L A F R E E M A N O V E R A XO N O M E T R I C F RO M - RU B Y, I L K A , A N D A N DR E AS RU B Y, U N I V E RS I T Y BU I L DI N G I N F RA N C E : N A N T E S SC H OO L O F A RC H I T E C T U R E , E D. ( H O LC I M F OU N DAT I O N 2 0 1 1 ) F I GU R E 1 8 -1 9 : P H O T OG RA P H S B Y L ACAT O N A N D VASS A L F RO M - " L ACAT O N & VASS A L" , L ACAT O N VASS A L .CO M , 2 0 2 0 < H T T P: / / L ACAT O N VASS A L .CO M / I N DE X . P H P ? I DP = 5 5 > [ ACC E SS E D 1 1 DE C E M B E R 2 0 2 0 ] F I GU R E 2 0 - 2 1 : P H O T OG RA P H S B Y E L L A F R E E MA N F I GU R E 2 2 : P H O T OG RA P H B Y F RA N K L I N A Z Z I F RO M - G R I F F I T H S, A LY N , " F RA N K L I N A Z Z I A RC H I T E C T U R E CO N V E R T S N A N T E S WA R E H OUS E S I N T O A R T SC H OO L" , DE Z E E N , 2 0 1 8 < H T T P S: / / W W W. DE Z E E N .CO M / 2 0 1 8 / 0 9/ 2 3/ F RA N K L I N -A Z Z I -A RC H I T E C T S - N A N T E S - S A I N T - N A Z A I R E - H I G H E R - SC H OO L - F I N E -A R T S -A RC H I T E C T U R E / > [ ACC E SS E D 1 1 DE C E M B E R 2020] F I GU R E 2 3 : P H O T OG RA P H B Y M . A RG Y ROG LO F RO M - " T H E MAC H I N E S DE L' Î L E I N N A N T E S " , O F F I C I A L W E BS I T E F O R T OU R I S M I N F RA N C E < H T T P: / / E E . F RA N C E . F R / E N / DI SCO V E R / M AC H I N E S - I L E - N A N T E S > [ ACC E SS E D 1 1 DE C E M B E R 2 0 2 0 ] F I GU R E 24 - 2 5 : S I T E P L A N S B Y E L L A F R E E MA N F I GU R E 26 : P H O T OG RA P H B Y S I M O N M E N G E S F RO M - RU B Y, I L K A , A N D A N DR E AS RU B Y, U N I V E RS I T Y BU I L DI N G I N F RA N C E : N A N T E S SC H OO L O F A RC H I T E C T U R E , E D. ( H O LC I M F OU N DAT I O N 2 0 1 1 ) F I GU R E 2 7 : P H O T OG RA P H B Y BC N U E J F RO M - " N A N T E S | BA RC E LO N A L A B F O R U R BA N E N V I RO N M E N TA L J US T I C E A N D SUS TA I N A B I L I T Y " , BA RC E LO N A L A B F O R U R BA N E N V I RO N M E N TA L J US T I C E A N D SUS TA I N A B I L I T Y < H T T P: / / W W W. BC N U E J .O RG / 2 0 1 8 / 0 4 / 2 3/ A- N E W- BOO K -A N A LYZ E S - T H E - T RA J E C T O R Y- OF - G R E E N I N G - P O L I C Y- I N - 9 9 - C I T I E S / N A N T E S / > [ ACC E SS E D 1 1 DE C E M B E R 2 0 2 0 ] F I GU R E 2 8 : P H O T OG RA P H B Y GX P ROJ E C T F RO M - "OUS E BU R N VA L L E Y - W I N G E D TA L E S 6 — G E T N O R T H ! " , G E T N O R T H ! < H T T P S: / / G E T N O R T H 2 0 1 8 .CO M / V E N U E S / W I N G E D TA L E S - 6 / > [ ACC E SS E D 1 1 DE C E M B E R 2 0 2 0 ] F I GU R E 2 9 : P H O T OG RA P H B Y H A P P Y P O N T I S T F RO M - P O N T I S T, T H E H A P P Y, " T Y N E S I DE B R I DG E S: 1 . OUS E BU R N V I A DUC T " , H A P P Y P O N T I S T. B LOGS P O T.CO M , 2 0 1 4 < H T T P: / / HA P P Y P O N T I S T. B LOGS P O T.CO M / 2 0 1 4 / 0 3/ T Y N E S I DE - B R I DG E S -1 - OUS E BU R N -V I A DUC T. H T M L > [ ACC E SS E D 1 1 DE C E M B E R 2 0 2 0 ] F I GU R E 3 0: P H O T OG RA P H B Y BC N U E J F RO M - " N A N T E S | BA RC E LO N A L A B F O R U R BA N E N V I RO N M E N TA L J US T I C E A N D SUS TA I N A B I L I T Y " , BA RC E LO N A L A B F O R U R BA N E N V I RO N M E N TA L J US T I C E A N D SUS TA I N A B I L I T Y < H T T P: / / W W W. BC N U E J .O RG / 2 0 1 8 / 0 4 / 2 3/ A- N E W - BOO K -A N A LYZ E S - T H E - T RA J E C T O R Y- OF - G R E E N I N G - P O L I C Y- I N - 9 9 - C I T I E S / N A N T E S / > [ ACC E SS E D 1 1 DE C E M B E R 2 0 2 0 ] F I GU R E 3 1 : P H O T OG RA P H B Y L ACAT O N A N D VASS A L F RO M - " L ACAT O N & VASS A L" , L ACAT O N VASS A L .CO M , 2 0 2 0 < H T T P: / / L ACAT O N VASS A L .CO M / I N DE X . P H P ? I DP = 5 5 > [ ACC E SS E D 1 1 DE C E M B E R 2 0 2 0 ] F I GU R E 3 2 : OUS E BU R N DE N S I T Y DI AG RA M B Y E L L A F R E E MA N F I GU R E 3 3 : N A N T E S DE N S I T Y DI AG RA M B Y E L L A F R E E MA N F I GU R E 3 4 : A XO N O M E T R I C DRAW I N GS F RO M - RU B Y, I L K A , A N D A N DR E AS RU B Y, U N I V E RS I T Y BU I L DI N G I N F RA N C E : N A N T E S SC H OO L O F A RC H I T E C T U R E , E D. ( H O LC I M F OU N DAT I O N 2 0 1 1 ) F I GU R E 3 5 : DI AG RA M O F DI V I S I O N O F L E V E LS B Y E H A N H A L I M U N F I GU R E 3 6 : P H O T O B Y JAV I E R CO L L E JAS P H O T OG RA P H Y, A N N O TAT E D B Y E H A N H A L I M U N F I GU R E 3 7 : P H O T O B Y JAV I E R CO L L E JAS P H O T OG RA P H Y, A N N O TAT E D B Y E H A N H A L I M U N F I GU R E 3 8 : P H O T O B Y JAV I E R CO L L E JAS P H O T OG RA P H Y, A N N O TAT E D B Y E H A N H A L I M U N F I GU R E 3 9 : E X P LO DE D A XO N O M E T R I C DI AG RA M B Y E H A N H A L I M U N BAS E D O N F LOO R P L A N S F I GU R E 4 0: P H O T OS B Y L ACAT O N A N D VASS A L , A N D CO L L AT E D B Y E H A N H A L I M U N F I GU R E 41 : P H O T O B Y P H I L I P P E RUAU LT F I GU R E 4 2 : P H O T O B Y P H I L I P P E RUAU LT F I GU R E 4 3 : P H O T O B Y P H I L I P P E RUAU LT, A N N O TAT E D B Y E H A N H A L I M U N F I GU R E 4 4 : P H O T O B Y P H I L I P P E RUAU LT, A N N O TAT E D B Y E H A N H A L I M U N F I GU R E 4 5 : A DA P TA B L E S PAC E DI AG RA M B Y E H A N H A L I M U N RU B Y, U N I V E RS I T Y BU I L DI N G I N F RA N C E : N A N T E S SC H OO L O F A RC H I T E C T U R E , E D. ( H O LC I M F OU N DAT I O N 2 0 1 1 ) F I GU R E 5 3 : F I RS T F LOO R P L A N B Y X I N RU I L I N - US I N G F RO M P L A N B Y L ACAT O N & VASS A L F RO M - “ N A N T E S SC H OO L O F A RC H I T E C T U R E ” , W O R L DA RC H I T E C T S, 2 0 1 2 < H T T P S: / / W W W.W O R L D -A RC H I T E C T S.CO M / E N / A RC H I T E C T U R E - N E W S / R E V I E W S / N A N T E S - SC H OO L - OF -A RC H I T E C T U R E > [ ACC E SS E D 1 4 DE C E M B E R 2 0 2 0 ] F I GU R E 5 4 : 3 D M O DE L L I N G DI AG RA M B Y X I N RU I L I N F RO M - RU B Y, I L K A , A N D A N DR E AS RU B Y, U N I V E RS I T Y BU I L DI N G I N F RA N C E : N A N T E S SC H OO L O F A RC H I T E C T U R E , E D. ( H O LC I M F OU N DAT I O N 2 0 1 1 ) F I GU R E 5 5 : P H O T OG RA P H O F A N N E L ACAT O N A N D J E A N - P H I L I P P E VASS A L F RO M “ T H E DAY L I G H T A N D BU I L DI N G CO M P O N E N T AWA R D 2 0 1 1 ” < H T T P: / / T H E DAY L I G H TAWA R D.CO M / L ACAT O N -A N D -VASS A L / > [ ACC E SS E D 1 4 DE C E M B E R 2 0 2 0 ] F I GU R E 5 6 : DI AG RA M O F T E N T S I N N I G E R B Y C HAO J U N G C H A N G F I GU R E 5 7 : P I C T U R E O F J E A N - P H I L I P P E VASS A L ’S H OUS I N G DE S I G N I N N I G E R F RO M < H T T P S: / / O F H OUS E S.CO M / P OS T / 1 3 7 3 3 1 6 7 1 0 3 1 / 26 7 -J E A N - P H I L I P P E - VASS A L -VASS A L H OUS E > [ ACC E SS E D 1 4 DE C E M B E R 2 0 2 0 ] F I GU R E 5 8 : MA I SO N K E R E M MA B Y L ACAT O N & VASS A L F RO M “ MA I SO N K E R E M M A , K E R E M MA ” , L ACAT O N A N D VASS A L , < H T T P S: / / W W W. L ACAT O N VASS A L .CO M / I N DE X . P H P ? I DP = 1 4 > [ ACC E SS E D 1 4 DE C E M B E R 2 0 2 0 ] F I GU R E 5 9 : M A I SO N L ATA P I E B Y L ACAT O N & VASS A L F RO M MA I SO N “ L ATA P I E F LO I RAC ” , L ACAT O N A N D VASS A L , < H T T P S: / / W W W. L ACAT O N VASS A L .CO M / I N DE X . P H P ? I DP = 2 5 > [ ACC E SS E D 1 4 DE C E M B E R 2 0 2 0 ] F I GU R E 6 0: DI AG RA M O F G R E E N H OUS E S YS T E M S B Y C H AO J U N G C HA N G F I GU R E 6 1 : S I T E P L A N S H O W I N G T H E BU I L DI N G OU T L I N E A N D T H E S I T E BOU N DA R Y B Y C H AO J U N G C HA N G F I GU R E 6 2 : DI AG RA M S S H O W I N G T H E P O T E N T I A L F U N C T I O N S O F T H E U N P ROG RA M M E D S PAC E S B Y C HAO J U N G C H A N G F I GU R E 6 3 : DI AG RA M S H O W I N G T H E DE S I G N A P P ROAC H O F L ACAT O N A N D VASS A L CO M PA R E D T O O T H E R A RC H I T E C T S B Y C HAO J U N G C H A N G F I GU R E 6 4 : P I C T U R E S H O W I N G T H E CO N N E C T I O N B E T W E E N T H E BU I L DI N G A N D T H E CO N T E X T F RO M - B I Z L E Y, P R E W E T T, " N A N T E S A RC H I T E C T U R E SC H OO L – L ACAT O N VASS A L — P R E W E T T B I Z L E Y A RC H I T E C T S | PASS I V H AUS | R E T RO F I T " , P R E W E T T B I Z L E Y A RC H I T E C T S | PASS I V HAUS | R E T RO F I T, 2 0 2 0 < H T T P: / / W W W. P R E W E T T B I Z L E Y.CO M / G RA H A M B I Z L E Y- B LOG / 2 0 1 5/ 7/ 2 / N A N T E S -A RC H I T E C T U R E - SC H OO L - L ACAT O N -VASS A L > [ ACC E SS E D 1 1 DE C E M B E R 2 0 2 0 ] F I GU R E 6 5 : P H O T OG RA P H O F T H E E N T RA N C E O F T H E W O R KS H O P S PAC E F RO M - B I Z L E Y, P R E W E T T, " N A N T E S A RC H I T E C T U R E SC H OO L – L ACAT O N VASS A L — P R E W E T T B I Z L E Y A RC H I T E C T S | PASS I V H AUS | R E T RO F I T " , P R E W E T T B I Z L E Y A RC H I T E C T S | PASS I V HAUS | R E T RO F I T, 2 0 2 0 < H T T P: / / W W W. P R E W E T T B I Z L E Y.CO M / G RA H A M - B I Z L E YB LOG / 2 0 1 5/ 7/ 2 / N A N T E S -A RC H I T E C T U R E - SC H OO L - L ACAT O N -VASS A L > [ ACC E SS E D 1 1 DE C E M B E R 2 0 2 0 ] F I GU R E 6 6 : BU I L DI N G OU T L I N E DI AG RA M B Y C HAO J U N G C H A N G F I GU R E 6 7 : E N C LOS E D S PAC E / P U B L I C S PAC E DI AG RA M B Y C HAO J U N G C H A N G F I GU R E 6 8 : S K E T C H O F T H E S LO P E B Y C H AO J U N G C HA N G F I GU R E 6 9 : S K E T C H O F T H E BU I L DI N G E X T E R I O R A N D T H E SU R ROU N DI N GS B Y C HAO J U N G C H A N G F I GU R E 7 0: DI AG RA M O F C L I MAT E S YS T E M O F T H E BU I L DI N G I N W I N T E R B Y C H AO J U N G C HA N G F RO M - RU B Y, I L K A , A N D A N DR E AS RU B Y, U N I V E RS I T Y BU I L DI N G I N F RA N C E : N A N T E S SC H OO L O F A RC H I T E C T U R E , E D. ( H O LC I M F OU N DAT I O N 2 0 1 1 ) F I GU R E 7 1 : DI AG RA M O F C L I MAT E S YS T E M O F T H E BU I L DI N G I N S P R I N G / AU T U M N B Y C HAO J U N G C H A N G F RO M - RU B Y, I L K A , A N D A N DR E AS RU B Y, U N I V E RS I T Y BU I L DI N G I N F RA N C E : N A N T E S SC H OO L O F A RC H I T E C T U R E , E D. ( H O LC I M F OU N DAT I O N 2 0 1 1 ) F I GU R E 7 2 : DI AG RA M O F C L I MAT E S YS T E M O F T H E BU I L DI N G I N SU M M E R B Y C HAO J U N G C H A N G F RO M - RU B Y, I L K A , A N D A N D R E AS RU B Y, U N I V E RS I T Y BU I L DI N G I N F RA N C E : N A N T E S SC H OO L O F A RC H I T E C T U R E , E D. ( H O LC I M F OU N DAT I O N 2 0 1 1 ) F I GU R E 7 3 : DI AG RA M O F P O LYCA R BO N AT E PA N E L B Y C HAO J U N G C HA N G F I GU R E 74 : BU I L DI N G FACA DE F RO M - RU B Y, I L K A , A N D A N D R E AS RU B Y, U N I V E RS I T Y BU I L DI N G I N F RA N C E : N A N T E S SC H OO L O F A RC H I T E C T U R E , E D. ( H O LC I M F OU N DAT I O N 2011) F I GU R E S 7 5 -76 : S I T E P L A N S F RO M GOOG L E I MAG E B Y A N N A T O F T F I GU R E S 7 7 -7 9 : RUAU LT, P. , 2 00 9 . F RAC DU N K E RQ U E . [ I M AG E ] AVA I L A B L E AT: < H T T P S: / / W W W. A RC H DA I LY.CO M / P H O T OG RA P H E R / P H I L I P P E - RUAU LT ? A D _ N A M E = P ROJ E C T S P E CS & A D _ M E DI U M = S I N G L E > [ ACC E SS E D 1 4 DE C E M B E R 2 0 2 0 ] . F I GU R E 8 0: F RAC DU N K E RQ U E E DI T E D S E C T I O N B Y A N N A T O F T F I GU R E 8 1 : VASS A L , L . , 2 00 9 . L ACAT O N & VASS A L . [ O N L I N E ] L ACAT O N VASS A L .CO M . AVA I L A B L E AT: < H T T P S: / / W W W. L ACAT O N VASS A L .CO M / I N DE X . P H P ? I DP = 6 1 > [ ACC E SS E D 1 4 DE C E M B E R 2 0 2 0 ] . F I GU R E 8 2 : N A N T E S SC H OO L O F A RC H I T E C T U R E E DI T E D S E C T I O N B Y A N N A T O F T F I GU R E 8 3 : L ACAT O N A N D VASS A L , 2 0 1 0. N A N T E S SC H OO L O F A RC H I T E C T U R E . [ I MAG E ] AVA I L A B L E AT: < H T T P S: / / W W W. L ACAT O N VASS A L .CO M / I N DE X . P H P > [ ACC E SS E D 1 4 F RO N T PAG E : P H O T OG RA P H O F N A N T E S SC H OO L O F A RC H I T E C T U R E B Y P H I L I P P E RUAU LT F RO M - " N A N T E S SC H OO L O F A RC H I T E C T U R E / L ACAT O N & VASS A L" , A RC H DA I LY, 2 0 2 0 < H T T P S: / / W W W. A RC H DA I LY.CO M / 2 5 41 9 3/ N A N T E S - SC H OO L - OF -A RC H I T E C T U R E - L ACAT O N -VASS A L > [ ACC E SS E D 1 1 DE C E M B E R 2 0 2 0 ] DE C E M B E R 2 0 2 0 ] . F I GU R E 8 4 : C L I MAT E CO N T RO L DI AG RA M B Y A N N A T O F T F I GU R E 8 5 - 8 7 : DE E Z E N , 2 0 1 4 . S E O N A R E I D BU I L DI N G. [ I MAG E ] AVA I L A B L E AT: < H T T P S: / / W W W. DE Z E E N .CO M / 2 0 1 4 / 0 3/ 0 6 / G L ASGO W- SC H OO L - OF -A R T - R E I D - BU I L DI N G S T E V E N - H O L L / > [ ACC E SS E D 1 4 DE C E M B E R 2 0 2 0 ] . F I GU R E S 8 8 - 8 9 : S I T E P L A N S F O R M GOOG L E I M AG E B Y A N N A T O F T F I GU R E 9 0: R E I D BU I L DI N G SUS TA I N A B I L I T Y DI AG RA M B Y A N N A T O F T F I GU R E 9 1 : R E I D BU I L DI N G P ROG RA M M E B Y A N N A T O F T F I GU R E 9 2 : N A N T E S SC H OO L O F A RC H I T E C T U R E L I G H T ACC E SS DI AG RA M B Y A N N A T O F T F I GU R E 9 3 - 9 7 : DE E Z E N , 2 0 1 8 . MAC K I N T OS H SC H OO L O F A RC H I T E C T U R E . [ I MAG E ] AVA I L A B L E AT: < H T T P S: / / W W W. DE Z E E N .CO M / 2 0 1 8 / 0 6 / 0 5/ G L ASGO W - SC H OO L - OF -A R T C HA R L E S - R E N N I E - M ACK I N T OSH - MAS T E R W O R K -1 5 0 -A N N I V E RS A R Y/ > [ ACC E SS E D 1 4 DE C E M B E R 2 0 2 0 ] . F I GU R E S 9 8 - 9 9 : S I T E P L A N S F RO M GOOG L E I MAG E B Y A N N A T O F T F I GU R E 1 00: MAC K I N T OS H L I B RA R Y S E C T I O N B Y A N N A T O F T F I GU R E 1 0 1 : DE E Z E N , 2 0 1 8 . MAC K I N T OS H SC H OO L O F A RC H I T E C T U R E . [ I MAG E ] AVA I L A B L E AT: < H T T P S: / / W W W. DE Z E E N .CO M / 2 0 1 8 / 0 6 / 0 5/ G L ASGO W- SC H OO L - OF -A R T C HA R L E S - R E N N I E - M ACK I N T OSH - MAS T E R W O R K -1 5 0 -A N N I V E RS A R Y/ > [ ACC E SS E D 1 4 DE C E M B E R 2 0 2 0 ] . F I GU R E 1 0 2 : L ACAT O N A N D VASS A L , 2 0 1 0. N A N T E S SC H OO L O F A RC H I T E C T U R E . [ I MAG E ] AVA I L A B L E AT: < H T T P S: / / W W W. L ACAT O N VASS A L .CO M / I N DE X . P H P > [ ACC E SS E D 1 4 DE C E M B E R 2 0 2 0 ] . F I GU R E 1 0 3 : MASS I N G DI AG RA M S B Y A N N A T O F T F I GU R E 1 0 4 : N A N T E S SC H OO L O P E N S PAC E B Y A N N A T O F T F I GU R E 1 0 5 : MAC K I N T OS H SC H OO L O P E N S PAC E B Y A N N A T O F T F I GU R E S 1 0 6 -1 0 8 : A RC H DA I LY, 2 0 1 8 . B E E C RO F T BU I L DI N G. [ I M AG E ] AVA I L A B L E AT: < H T T P S: / / W W W. A RC H DA I LY.CO M / 9 0 2 1 41 / U N I V E RS I T Y - OF - OX F O R D - B E E C RO F T - BU I L DI N G HAW K I N S - B RO W N > [ ACC E SS E D 1 4 DE C E M B E R 2 0 2 0 ] . F I GU R E 1 0 9 : B E E C RO F T C I RCU L AT I O N DI AG RA M B Y A N N A T O F T F I GU R E 1 1 0: N A N T E S SC H OO L C I RCU L AT I O N B Y A N N A T O F T F I GU R E 1 1 1 : M A P 1 : 6 00 B E E C RO F T BU I L DI N G B Y A N N A T O F T F I GU R E 1 1 2 : S I T E P L A N F RO M GOOG L E I MAG E B Y A N N A T O F T F I GU R E S 1 1 3 : B E E C RO F T S E C T I O N S H O W I N G SUS TA I N A B I L I T Y B Y A N N A T O F T F I GU R E S 1 1 4 -1 1 5 : M ASS I N G DI AG RA M S B Y A N N A T O F T ‘SC H OO L O F A RC H I T E C T U R E ’ , E U M I E S AWA R D < H T T P S: / / M I E S A RC H .CO M / W O R K / 8 1 1 > A RC H DA I LY. 2 0 1 8 . U N I V E RS I T Y O F OX F O R D B E E C RO F T BU I L DI N G / HAW K I N S \ B RO W N . [ O N L I N E ] AVA I L A B L E AT: < H T T P S: / / W W W. A RC H DA I LY.CO M / 9 0 2 1 41 / U N I V E RS I T Y - OF OX F O R D - B E E C RO F T - BU I L DI N G - HAW K I N S - B RO W N ? A D _ M E DI U M = GA L L E R Y > [ ACC E SS E D 1 4 DE C E M B E R 2 0 2 0 ] . A RC H DA I LY. 2 00 9 . F RAC DU N K E RQ U E / L ACAT O N & VASS A L . [ O N L I N E ] AVA I L A B L E AT: < H T T P S: / / W W W. A RC H DA I LY.CO M / 4 7 5 5 0 7/ F RAC - OF - T H E - N O R T H - R E G I O N - L ACAT O N A N D -VASS A L > [ ACC E SS E D 1 4 DE C E M B E R 2 0 2 0 ] . A RC H DA I LY. 2 0 2 0. " N A N T E S SC H OO L O F A RC H I T E C T U R E / L ACAT O N & VASS A L" , A RC H DA I LY, < H T T P S: / / W W W. A RC H DA I LY.CO M / 2 5 41 9 3/ N A N T E S - SC H OO L - OF -A RC H I T E C T U R E L ACAT O N -VASS A L > [ ACC E SS E D 1 4 DE C E M B E R 2 0 2 0 ] B I Z L E Y, P R E W E T T, " N A N T E S A RC H I T E C T U R E SC H OO L – L ACAT O N VASS A L — P R E W E T T B I Z L E Y A RC H I T E C T S | PASS I V H AUS | R E T RO F I T " , P R E W E T T B I Z L E Y A RC H I T E C T S | PASS I V HAUS | R E T RO F I T, 2 0 2 0 < H T T P: / / W W W. P R E W E T T B I Z L E Y.CO M / G RA H A M - B I Z L E Y- B LOG / 2 0 1 5/ 7/ 2 / N A N T E S -A RC H I T E C T U R E - SC H OO L - L ACAT O N -VASS A L > [ ACC E SS E D 1 1 DE C E M B E R 2 0 2 0 ] CA R BO N B R I E F. 2 0 2 0. Q & A : W H Y C E M E N T E M I SS I O N S M AT T E R F O R C L I M AT E C HA N G E | CA R BO N B R I E F. [ O N L I N E ] AVA I L A B L E AT: < H T T P S: / / W W W.CA R BO N B R I E F.O RG / Q AW H Y- C E M E N T - E M I SS I O N S - MAT T E R - F OR - CL I M AT E - C HA N G E > [ ACC E SS E D 1 4 DE C E M B E R 2 0 2 0 ] . DI F F E N , “ E L E C T R I C H E AT I N G VS. GAS H E AT I N G ” , 2 0 2 0 < H T T P S: / / W W W. DI F F E N .CO M / DI F F E R E N C E / E L E C T R I C _ H E AT I N G _ VS _ GAS _ H E AT I N G > [ ACC E SS E D 1 4 DE C E M B E R 2 0 2 0 ] E - F LUX .CO M . 2 0 2 0. OU T O F BO LOG N A : L ACAT O N A N D VASS A L ’S N A N T E S SC H OO L O F A RC H I T E C T U R E . [ O N L I N E ] AVA I L A B L E AT: < H T T P S: / / W W W. E - F LUX .CO M / J OU R N A L / 6 4 / 6 0 8 6 7/ OU T - OF - BOLOG N A- L ACAT O N -A N D -VASS A L - S - N A N T E S - SC H OO L - OF -A RC H I T E C T U R E / > [ ACC E SS E D 1 4 DE C E M B E R 2 0 2 0 ] GS A . AC.U K . 2 0 1 8 . T H E MAC K I N T OS H BU I L DI N G. [ O N L I N E ] AVA I L A B L E AT: < H T T P S: / / W W W.GS A . AC.U K / V I S I T - GS A / MAC K I N T OS H - BU I L DI N G - T OU RS / T H E - MAC K I N T OS H BU I L DI N G / > [ ACC E SS E D 1 4 DE C E M B E R 2 0 2 0 ] . I N S P I RAT I O N . DE TA I L . DE . 2 0 2 0. FACU LT Y O F A RC H I T E C T U R E BU I L DI N G I N N A N T E S - DE TA I L I N S P I RAT I O N . [ O N L I N E ] AVA I L A B L E AT: < H T T P S: / / I N S P I RAT I O N . DE TA I L . DE / FACU LT Y- OF -A RC H I T E C T U R E - BU I L DI N G - I N - N A N T E S -1 0 3 5 4 4 . H T M L > [ ACC E SS E D 1 4 DE C E M B E R 2 0 2 0 ] . M ACK I N T OSH -A RC H I T E C T U R E .G L A . AC.U K . 2 0 2 0. MAC K I N T OS H A RC H I T E C T U R E : T H E CATA LOGU E - B RO W S E - DI S P L AY. [ O N L I N E ] AVA I L A B L E AT: < H T T P S: / / W W W. M ACK I N T OSH -A RC H I T E C T U R E .G L A . AC.U K / CATA LOGU E / B RO W S E / DI S P L AY/ ? RS = 1 3 3 & X M L = DE S > [ ACC E SS E D 1 4 DE C E M B E R 2 0 2 0 ] . MAT E R I A L , “ W HAT E X AC T LY I S A P O LYCA R BO N AT E T RA N S LUC E N T FACA DE ? ” , A RC H DA I LY, 2 0 1 9 < H T T P S: / / W W W. A RC H DA I LY.CO M / 9 2 2 7 3 5/ W HAT - I S - E X AC T LY-APOLYCA R BON AT E - T RA N S LUC E N T - FACA DE > [ ACC E SS E D 1 4 DE C E M B E R 2 0 2 0 ] RU B Y, I L K A , A N D A N DR E AS RU B Y, U N I V E RS I T Y BU I L DI N G I N F RA N C E : N A N T E S SC H OO L O F A RC H I T E C T U R E , E D. ( H O LC I M F OU N DAT I O N 2 0 1 1 ) S T E V E N S, P H I L I P, ‘ L I S BO N A RC H I T E C T U R E T R I E N N A L E : L ACAT O N & VASS A L W I N S L I F E T I M E AC H I E V E M E N T AWA R D ’ , DE S I G N BOO M , 2 0 1 6 < H T T P S: / / W W W. DE S I G N BOO M .CO M / A RC H I T E C T U R E / L I S BO N -A RC H I T E C T U R E - T R I E N N A L E - L ACAT O N -VASS A L - L I F E T I M E -AC H I E V E M E N T -AWA R D -1 0 -1 1 - 2 0 1 6 / > W O R L DA RC H I T E C T S, L ACAT O N & VASS A L F RO M - “ N A N T E S SC H OO L O F A RC H I T E C T U R E ” , 2 0 1 2 < H T T P S: / / W W W.W O R L D -A RC H I T E C T S.CO M / E N / A RC H I T E C T U R E - N E W S / R E V I E W S / N A N T E S - SC H OO L - OF -A RC H I T E C T U R E > [ ACC E SS E D 1 4 DE C E M B E R 2 0 2 0 ] 24 25