Introduction and Strategic Brief ...................................................................................................................................... 3 1. Manifesto and Brief ........................................................................................................................................................ 4 2. Concept Design .............................................................................................................................................................. 6 Conceptual Design and the Program .................................................................................................................... 8 Form Finding ............................................................................................................................................................ 10 Form Finding and Massing Study ........................................................................................................................ 12 Program Spaces and Existing Building Elements ............................................................................................. 14 Building Elements to Reuse / Recycle ................................................................................................................ 16 Root Form - Sketches / Precedent Studies ........................................................................................................ 18 Root Form - Precedent Studies / Form Finding ................................................................................................ 20 Root Form - Sketches / Structure / Program Spaces ....................................................................................... 22
Content
3. Proposed Design .......................................................................................................................................................... 24 Behaivour of Branching and Supporting ........................................................................................................... 26 Round Wood Connection Details ......................................................................................................................... 28 Cladding and Material Analysis ............................................................................................................................ 30 Isometric Perspective Site Drawing and Site Plan ............................................................................................ 32 Conceptual Design of Interventions .................................................................................................................... 34 Zero - Waste Lab Ground Floor ............................................................................................................................. 42 Zero - Waste Lab First Floor ................................................................................................................................... 44 Zero Waste Lab Second Floor ............................................................................................................................... 46 Additional Insulation - Detail Drawings - Section ............................................................................................. 48 Detail Drawings - Sectional Perspective ............................................................................................................. 50 Natural / Mechanical Ventilation - Lighting ....................................................................................................... 52 Windows and Cladding - Elevations ................................................................................................................... 54 Floor Extension - West View .................................................................................................................................. 56 East View .................................................................................................................................................................. 58 Bibliography ............................................................................................................................................................. 60
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Strategic Brief Title: Zero- Waste Lab Description: The Zero Waste project is the student laboratory to produce bioplastic as an alternative to non-recyclable waste, and the units where existing waste is recycled. Purpose and Programme: The zero-waste project aims to research bioplastics and produce samples that can be used instead of petroleum-based plastics in the laboratory that students will use for their academic studies. The recycling area is the studios where 3D printers and other recycling machines are used by students to transform into new products and aims to reduce the amount of waste at the college. Programme: Main Laboratory Research Area Laboratory Phase 1 Testing Area (Laboratory Phase 2) Production Area Common Area Recycling Area Educational Unit (Main Lab)
Introduction
Commercial Unit (Main Lab) Student Centre
This study is the presentation of the DS1 studio semester 2 final project. Design Studio 1 is about redesigning existing buildings and is based on applying environmental sustainability principles. The Semester 1 work contains an investigation of the existing building from many perspectives and creating its documentation. Design ideas created using different methods through Augmentations throughout the research phase contributed to the final design. This project is a redesign of parts of the original buildings of St Catherine’s College, built-in 1962 and designed by Danish architect Arne Jacobsen. The Arne Jacobsen design, which brings the traditional structure of Oxford University Colleges to a modern point, moves further from the traditional in this project. The building techniques and free form applied in the project often contrast with the perfectly flat, plain, concrete structure of the original design, and sometimes design ideas derive from the original building references.
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Justificaiton: St Catherine’s is a college where both management and students take action to contribute to its environmentalist movements. The students appoint ambassadors among themselves and try to avoid wasting energy. For the college, which is taking steps to reduce waste generation, the zero waste project is the beginning to become a pioneer in this act. St Catherine’s College has been established and designed with an innovative, modern, reformist and future-oriented approach throughout its history. The project at St Catherine’s will be instrumental in spreading the idea of recycling facilities that will allow colleges to address their waste problems. Influenced by the non-collegiate trend in St Catherine’s history, open to all Oxford University Students without the need for college membership, the lab can be a reason to start this method of education at other colleges when demand is high and only one lab is insufficient for students.
1 Manifesto Brief
Design Manifesto A distinctive design language should be used when establishing relationships with existing buildings. The project should be respectful to the original buildings but also create contrast for revealing the importance of both the original design and the project design. The project should be inclusive and create a collective environment. The project should raise awareness about identity by including others in the college. The spaces to be created in the college should offer opportunities that allow re-using and re-production. The project should comply with sustainability principles and should encourage reducing the carbon footprint on fuel consumption and human behavior. Buildings and the surrounding should be accessible for all users. Spaces must be flexible allowing users to decide according to the function. The project should raise awareness of the community and continue to follow a secular way.
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Technology Manifesto
1. Reusing Building Elements
2. More Efficient Structural Design
Technology Brief
Since the College Buildings structure is precast concrete, it is possible to reuse the building elements. Existing building elements should be used in the new design as much as possible. These elements can be preserved, recycled, or used for a new purpose.
The materials extracted from the building parts to be designed are used indoors, in units extending outwards and in the design created on the quad.
Light and durable construction and a deployable technique using natural materials should be offered to the college’s old concrete buildings that cause energy waste
To create a stronger construction technique with less material and to allow the building to be dismantled and reused by mostly using physical connections
3. Less Energay Consumption for Construction
With computational design, the energy to be consumed on production, construction and transportation should be minimum.
A large part of the construction consists of bringing the materials to be used to the correct size and shape. These pre-made parts are only installed at the construction site. Since physical connections are required in its installation, the construction period is shorter than the traditional.
4. Use of Biodegradable / Recyclable Materials
Biodegradable or recyclable materials should be used instead of non-recyclable materials such as concrete. Using natural materials will also create a breathable system.
It is designed by using natural materials such as wood, mycelium, linoleum, sheep wool to be biodegradable or recyclable.
Some of the waste produced in the college must be recycled. These wastes can be paper and plastic. Improvements should be made in HVAC technologies, lighting, and insulation to avoid wasting energy.
The recycling facilities in the main laboratory aim to prevent the waste produced and to use the products produced from the waste for a long time. The proposed design reduces heat loss with fewer windows on the facade. Led Lightings are used.
There is no energy production in the college. Considering the amount of energy consumed and carbon emissions, the college needs to have a green energy source.
Using Biogas System to produce green energy for the College’s Dining Hall It uses kitchen waste to produce Cooking Gas.
7. Passive Technologies
Natural ventilation and lighting systems of the buildings should be developed. Insulations to prevent heat losses should be made and technologies that prevent excessive heating of the sun should be used.
While designing the building, criteria such as air circulation and getting enough light are taken into consideration. There are skylights and vacant spaces in the building.
8. Innovations for the Future
Students studying in relevant departments of Oxford University can work on the research and reproduction of materials produced with biological resources to replace petroleum-based plastic.
Laboratory facilities, including the education and business unit, can develop future-oriented product ideas in these facilities, allowing them to build a bridge between academia and the profession.
5. Reducing the Waste
6. Producing Green Energy
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2 Conceptual Design In this study, there are design ideas I developed after Augmentation studies, determination of the places to be used in the college area, form finding studies to be created by using precedent studies, analysis and reuse ideas of existing building elements. In line with these studies, sketches of the spatial relations that guide the proposed design and the final decisions are also in this section. Before having the design area decision, I started with a problem that I found important during my site visits. After the college was built, additions were made many times and the college area expanded to the north. For this reason, the original buildings and the main entrance in the south lost their visibility. It made me unable to find the main entrance while I was experiencing it myself, and even after finding it, on other visits, I chose to reach to the Quad by passing through the dining hall, which is a shorter path. I thought these parts of the buildings should be more noticeable. Together with the quad, I have determined these parts of the residential buildings as the design area.
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Design Concept The waste management idea that emerged from the brief development process created the concept design. The idea of people harming nature with waste every day is taken from the opposite side. Using its power, nature takes control of human artifacts that produce waste. It changes the existing forms of the buildings with natural movements such as emerging from the ground, growing, and wrapping and rearranges the functions in these areas for its benefit. This not only creates the awareness of a nature that makes users feel its power at any moment, but also enables designers to examine the architecture of nature and have an idea about the most efficient design that exists.
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The first example that I was inspired by for this concept is the giant tree roots surrounding the buildings. Sometimes it grows from inside a building and claims its own space. Sometimes it closes certain parts of the building, causing a change in function. Using this growth movement and geometry, I produced a concept model surrounding college buildings. This work was the starting point for exploring hierarchy, the relationship between human-made flat perfect forms and nature’s uncontrolled growth with a freer form.
Program of Spaces
Conceptual Design and the Program
The cross programming developed in the Augmentation study and the last brief programs use the Quad area together. The sketch on the left shows the proposal designs associated with the functions of the existing buildings. While the Quad transforms into a performance area, the surrounding buildings are the laboratory, entrance and student center, and design areas for recycling centers according to the waste they produce.
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Form Finding
Iteration 2: Using fungal forms to study growth form. In this study, I learned the advantages of Inflating Technologies and monolithic spray. A deep foundation is not required. Domed form without angle enables to save up to 30% on heating and conditioning of premises. The construction period is short. It is resistant to destructive effects.
Timber Steel
Iteration 1: The use of timber and supporting steel in the modeling study for the root concept that grows and surrounds buildings
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Iteration 3: Using the timber waffle structure for the construction of the mushroom growth form. Although it has advantages in terms of strength and construction time, it is not a sustainable solution as it will be necessary to cut a lot of trees.
There is a large green area to the east of the college and the river to the west. this concept design sketch shows the movement of these two natural elements towards the college. These forces hitting buildings cause building elements to scatter around. This design represents the freezing of a metaphorical moment.
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Form Finding and Massing Study
Augmentations
Augmentation 4: Replication (Structure)
Iteration 5: Roof form
Augmentation 4: Replication (Garden Rooms)
Augmentation 5: Transformation (Moving Platforms) Iteration 6: Scattered Elements
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2 Meeting Room Student Club Rooms
Study Space Silent Study Space
1 - Student Hub Entrance Study Spaces Monitoring Room Student Club Rooms Meeting Room
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Forum
Student Centre Massing Diagram
2 - Zero Waste Lab Entrance Exhibition Space Presentation Room Library / Archive 3 - Paper Recycling Area 4 - Plastic Recycling Area 5 - Stage
Archive Library
Presentation Room Laboratory Exhibition Area / Entrance
Laboratory Massing Diagram
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Extensions of spaces Terrace of Rooms Garden Rooms Seatings (Cross Programming - Performance area) Structure Landscape Design
Site Plan of Proposed Spaces
Scattered Building Elements
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Program Spaces and Existing Building Elements
Space relationship sketches for the student centre and the laboratory where residential buildings used for the proposed design
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Exploded Axonometric View of the Existing Building Elments
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Metal Roof (New Purpose: Extension Roofs - Quad Canopy)
Floor (New Purpose: Extension floors) Exterior Walls (New Purpose: Interior wall) Main Entrance Doors (New Purpose: Entrance Doors)
Building Elements to Reuse / Recycle
Beams (New Purpose: Structural element)
Glazing (New Purpose: Interior - Exterior wall glazing) Brick Walls (New Purpose: Interior Exterior walls, aggregate)
Main Columns (New Purpose: Structural element) Columns on facade (New Purpose: Structural element)
Glass / Metal Frame (New Purpose: Interior - Exterior Glazing)
Glass / Metal Frame (New Purpose: Interior - Exterior Glazing) Residential Block (West)
Brick Wall and Staircase (New Purpose: Remains)
Beams (New Purpose: Structural element) Glazing (New Purpose: Interior - Exterior wall glazing)
Main Columns (New Purpose: Structural element)
Brick Walls (New Purpose: Interior - Exterior walls, aggregate)
Columns on facade (New Purpose: Structural element)
Glass / Metal Frame (New Purpose: Interior - Exterior Glazing)
Glass / Metal Frame (New Purpose: Interior - Exterior Glazing) Residential Block (East)
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Preservation of the staircase and brick wall in the eastern Residential Block
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Parasitise the void Mirko Daneluzzo, Mirco Bianchini
Root Form - Sketches / Precedent Studies
Ecology studies Carla Gould Project research 2012
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Precedent Study
Precedent Study Morpheus Hotel, 2018 Zaha hadid This hotel world’s first free-form high-rise exoskeleton, which is one of the examples of form such as the roots surrounding the building It maximizes the building’s interiors by creating spaces that are uninterrupted by supporting walls or columns. The exoskeleton pattern becomes less dense as it climbs the building’s facade.
Precedent Study
Michael Pawlyn Exploration Architecture Biomimicry in Architecture As he states in his work, materials are expensive in nature and shape is cheap. What we can observe in nature are many of the best structures that have evolved during life on earth. The architectural principle that emerges from this observation is less material and more design.
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Precedent Study HOOKE PARK – AA School’s Woodland Campus
Root Form - Precedent Studies / Form Finding
Educational facility for design, workshop, construction and landscape-focused activities AA Wood Lab is developing the role of the woodland campus in Dorset, Hooke Park, to educate architects on the sustainable use of forest products, both to build projects and to guide new forms of research. They find alternative ways to the production of industrial timber and traditional construction by developing new methods and technologies for the efficient use of wood. The projects are supported by a team of diverse expert practitioners, including craftsmen, designers, engineers, robotics, a jungler and more, in an environment that combines forest, studio, workshop and construction space.
Iteration 7: Root form created by using precedent studies This modeling in the East Residential Block shows the roots extending towards the Quad from the green area. Three root lines make up the main structure. This structure is connected to each other and to the main building by secondary roots. Extending geometry expands the existing building space.
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Iteration 7: Model view of the Root-shaped Structure This form covers the east facade and the roof of the upper floor. The existing structure on the ground floor and first floor is in position and the new design is designed together with the existing structure. There are no major changes for the existing facade on the west facade.
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Final Decision for the Structure
Root Form - Sketches / Structure / Program Spaces
Section of Residential Blocks and proposal design sketch This work shows the design extending inwards from both sides of the college, and the scattering building elements.
Sketches showing the application of the proposed design to student rooms and common areas in residential buildings. The changes made in these areas are more detailed in chapter 3 proposed design.
Sketch showing the decision-making process of construction technique and materials Trying different techniques for the proposed structure and extending windows on the west facade outward
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After all iterations, precedent studies, and sketches, the final design decision is a structural design that attaches to and gets support from the existing structure. The facade is divided as a Voronoi surface and forms the wall with transparent surfaces. The main structures are connected by secondary structures. The ground floor and first floor spaces extend forward and additional space is created. In this sketch, the cladding and other materials fill the main structural elements. However, as this may lead to insulation problems, the idea of covering the exterior completely is more ideal. There are details in section 3 proposed design.
Program of Spaces The laboratory building is the main building of the project and is located in the eastern residential block. This Laboratory has the spaces needed, machines, and laboratory equipment for bioplastic research and production. In the sketch below, the locations of the spaces on the floors according to the private-public relationship can be seen. Accordingly, the working areas and common areas are on the
ground floor, the main lab and research area are on the 1st floor and the production area is on the top floor. This positioning has changed in the proposal design. The production area is located on the ground floor so that the machines can be moved easily and are not on the same floor as the adjacent student rooms. Study spaces and common areas are located on the top floor.
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Main root path iterations by taking into account the existing building column positions and 15 degree angles
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Precedent Study Cooperative Trees by Adding Inosculated and Discrete Definitions to a DLA Design
Proposed Design
This research work focuses on applying discrete or combinatorial design to structures. Its purpose is to dizayn a freeform branching structure by using a limited number of different nodes and bars of the same length. Angles are kept at certain numbers according to probabilities and rules.
Concept design and the work up to this point was about presenting an effective, and construction technique that reflects the design idea. For this reason, the proposed design starts with an explanation of this technique. The details are followed by the description of the buildings where the application is made and their functions. Finally, the laboratory building, which is the main building, is in this section with its detailed drawings as the final architectural project.
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Final Decision for the Main Root Path
The primary structure bearing the roof and walls and placed on the existing columns with the support of the tertiary structure.
Secondary structure carrying walls and windows and supporting the primary structure horizontally.
The tertiary structure supports the primary structure by creating push and suspension forces and evenly distributing the weight with its poly frame structure.
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Behaviour of Branching and Supporting
Structural composition based on root growth directions and behavior
Precedent Study 3D Graphical Statics Using Reciprocal Polyhedral Diagrams Masoud Akbarzadeh
The root grows from a point and forms branches with fractals at certain angles. The purpose is to hold on while accessing light and water. The structure of the building is also branched in this way at 15-degree horizontal angles. The purpose is to reach the other side of the building.
This research aims to create 3 dimensional graph statics methods based on the concept of 3 dimensional reciprocal diagrams. It clarifies and develops the concept of geometric representation of the equilibrium of forces in polyhedral frames. The research provides examples demonstrating the extensive design potential of methods for constructing unconventional structural systems with a combination of compression and tensile forces in its members.
Environmental Impact With this structure design, I aimed to bring an option by using minimum materials for cutting fewer trees and providing the most effective force equilibrium. Industrial timber production requires the use of straight and long trees and excess energy is used in its production. Lack of local materials causes energy requirements and carbon emission in transportation. For the poly frame structure, thinner and not perfectly flat parts that are not preferred in traditional methods may become preferable. With the computational and combinatory design, where several techniques are used together, the desired lightweight structure design can be achieved with less energy and causing a lower carbon emission.
Tree branches can extend a root to another tree by bridging. The main structure bridges each other and provides support.
Tree branches reach the soil by creating aerial roots, so it supports itself and benefits the soil. In the structural design, the aerial roots located on the existing columns support the primary structure with poly frame branches.
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PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION Detail 2: Structural Force Diagram
Round Wood Column
Detail 1: Wood - Existing Structure Connection Detail
Steel Cross Joints
Round wood columns are connected to the beams with steel cross joints fixed with screws. The undersides of the columns are carved with a chaimsaw robot so that these metal parts can be placed and the production of metal parts is produced by welding.
Precast Slab
Precast Beam
Grout Full
Shim and Grout Mechanical Splice
PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
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PRODUCED BY AN AUTODESK STUDENT VERSION
Round Wood Connection Details
In the proposed design that is placed on existing precast concrete columns and beams, all parts have a certain amount of compression and tension forces. The diagram shows an estimate of the main forces exerted by these parts.
Compression Tension
Detail 3: Main Wood Structure Pieces Connection Detail
Detail 4: Poly Frame Structural Elements Connection Detail
The main structure woods are carved with a chainsaw robot, joined by metal junction welded to each other and fixed with screws.
Metal nodes are formed by calculating the angles where the thinner structure elements are connected. Although their thicknesses are different, the connection parts are trimmed to fit the thickness of the metal pipes.
Environmental Impact All parts must be made ready for installation to build the Structure Design. The places where the wood pieces need to be carved and the connecting parts are cut according to the angles they connect, is done with a chainsaw robot. After the metal parts are cut at the right angle, they are joined to each other by an electric welding machine. All production is done using electricity as much as possible. The installation part does not require any chemical bonding. All parts are deployable so that they can be disassembled and reinstalled. Energy consumption and carbon emission for construction are kept to a minimum.
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Voronoi Surface For Frame
Cladding and Material Analysis
Smaller cladding materials are preferred to cover the structure design, which are easier to manufacture, transport and install. The frame to fix these materials should be connected to the wood structure. Therefore, when creating the geometry of this frame, I first determined the paths of the parts to be fixed to the primary and secondary structures. I divided the geometries with random triangles in the form of voroni surface in order to obtain a natural appearance. Before installation, the parts must be cut and prepared according to their dimensions and angles with a CNC cutting machine.
Aluminium Frame
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Exterior and Interior Cladding
Recycled Plastic Sheets Advantages: The sustainable recycled plastic cladding material is very strong, is UV and weather resistant and has a minimum technical lifetime of 50 years. This material, which is highly resistant to sunshine, rain and frost, maintains its durability for years.
Exterior cladding is built by fixing precut recycle plastic sheets to aluminum frames. Before these sheets, isolation materials are applied or placed. After the coating of the wall on the exterior side of the Wood Structure is finished, the interior is covered with sprayed plaster. The reason for this is that it is easier to cover the random geometry with spray application. In this way, the structure and the outer coating are connected.
Round Wood Advantages: Less waste Stronger Structure Ability to use smaller trees Less energy used in production and transportation More aesthetically pleasing
Sprayed Plaster Exterior Cladding
(Pneumatic Sprayer) Advantages: Spray rendering provides damp proofing and added protection against water ingress It affords better internal comfort through improved insulation Faster Application and More Cost Efficient
Interior Cladding
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Zero - Waste Lab Quad Interventions
Residential Block Intervention
Isometric Perspective Site Drawing and Site Plan
Educational Unit (Lab)
Biogas Generator Addition
Student Centre
Commercial Unit (Lab)
Residential Block Intervention
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Conceptual Design of Interventions
Zero -Waste Lab The Laboratory, the main building of the project, is where the main functions for bioplastics research and production take place. After the theoretical training is completed and the project continues, the Laboratory is the place students will use to develop and finalize their projects. There are research areas and archive/library, laboratories, test and production areas, common areas where users can spend time.
Student Centre
Common Area
Making the college’s original buildings and the main entrance to the Quad noticeable, the student centre design preserves existing functions while also making room for new ones. The two meeting rooms on the ground floor are placed on the 2nd floor, while the ground floor is a forum area where students can spend time. There are also study spaces and rooms for student clubs in the building.
Testing Room (Lab Phase 2) Research Room Laboratory Phase 1
Production Area
Meeting Room
Student Club Rooms
Study Space
Staircase
Forum
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Silent Study Space
Commercial Unit (Lab)
Educational Unit (Lab)
This unit, which is used to present the products produced in the main laboratory to companies professionally and to advertise for the market, uses the lecture hall on the 1st floor of the Library as the meeting room. There is an office for private conversations and an exhibition of the proposed project in the hall of the meeting room where the presentations are made. On the ground floor, there is a public exhibition and sales of some mass production products. The building displays products in glass showcases along the walkways of the landscape on the ground floor.
This building, which is a preliminary unit where lectures on project preparation, tutorials, theoretical training, use of the laboratory, and the use of machines are given for students who will use the laboratory, uses the meeting room of the Bernard Sunley Lecture Theater Building. Apart from that, there are tutorial classes and study spaces. There is an educational and private exhibition on the ground floor where previous works are exhibited and it is visible from the outside through the glass showcase.
Existing Meeting Room
Proposal Exhibition Corridor Office Public Exhibition / Selling
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Existing Meeting Room Corridor Study Units Class for Tutorials
Private Educational Exhibition
Conceptual Design of Interventions
Residential Block Interventions In the semester one research study, I mentioned some negative architectural criticisms about the residential blocks of the college. It was stated that while the rooms and common areas such as the kitchen were too small, the architect designed staircases unnecessarily spacious. Apart from that, students had to use shared bathrooms. There are no accessible rooms in the blocks. Addressing these issues, I’ve made some modifications to these buildings.
Accessible Rooms Common Areas Ensuite Rooms Lockers
I reduced the number of stairs and rooms, and in the areas I acquired, I designed kitchens and study rooms large enough for the number of rooms of staircases. Extensions further expanded the rooms. There are individual bathrooms in place of the lockers that are replaced in the corridor. There are four accessible rooms in a block, two on each floor, and eight in total. In this study, I considered, the quality was more important than the quantity of the rooms for the students.
Existing and Proposed Floor Plan of Residential Block 2 Accessible Rooms and Staircase for 8 Student Rooms
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Kitchen Dining Hall Stove
Entrance
The aim of the project is waste management and, with this system gas and electricity are produced directly from waste. The college dining hall serves hundreds of people every day. With this system, up to 20 liters of kitchen waste can be produced for 6 hours of cooking gas a day. The liquid fertilizer that comes out can be used in garden maintenance. This system has some specifications. The system should be at most 14 m away from the Biogas Stove. It should be placed on the soft ground as it will drain. The system should be exposed to direct sunlight as it will work more efficiently in hot weather. There should be a ventilation opening since it will be harmful to breathe the gas. The pipe must continue at the same height and be above the system to allow effective water drainage (homebiogas, 2021).
Biogas Generator Addition Climate (Optimum temperature: 20°C or above)
5°C/10°C - 20°C
Below 5°C/10°C
Below Freezing
Add an electrical water or aquarium heater to warm the digester tank
A greenhouse can keep the Biogas system warm during the winter months.
Drain at least 200 liters of liquid from the system.
The heater should be inserted through the small opening in the Outlet "O" pipe cap 300 Watts and should be able to heat up 1000 litres
Once the gas bag is full to capacity, the system releases the excess biogas that is created. If there are is no ventillation, the biogas will stay inside the greenhouse, which can be a safety hazard. Therefore, it is necessariy for there to be some openings in the greenhouse roof (biogas is lighter than the air and will rise) to enable the excess gas to escape safely.
When temperatures rise again to 20°C (68°F), fill up the digester till water drops from the back and then start feeding gradually.
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Biogas Generator
Conceptual Design of Interventions
Quad Interventions As in the Augmentation 4 Replication study, 3 meter grid references in the quad design align the walking paths, garden rooms and usable spaces. In this way, continuity of the detached pieces with the building can be seen. The building elements removed from the residential blocks after the proposal design are used in the quad. These detached pieces scattered around, create a landscape design usign the existing circleshaped green space more interactively. It provides space for users to relax, chat and eat in the open area, which is necessary in some situations such as the recent pandemic.
Residential Block (West)
Residential Block (East)
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Materials used in the Quad taken from the buildings
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Assembly Work by Users in the Quad I reused the work from Augmentation 5 in the final project. Users can make their furniture in Quad design, with new walkways and seating areas added. The modular parts are interlocked on the walls and they can produce furniture such as seats and tables by fixing these modules to each other with different combinations. Users can access the needed information by scanning the QR code on the pieces for installation instructions, combinations, and safety precautions. These modules are formed by the transformation of plastic waste in the Zero - Waste Lab with the Injection Molding Machine (page 43).
Augmentation 5 - Transformation
Conceptual Design of Interventions
Wall - Furniture
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Zero - Waste Lab Ground Floor
Entrance At the entrance of the building, there is an information desk and chairs (Arne Jacobsen, Swan Chairs) in the waiting area. The ground floor is public and other users of the college can bring in plastic and paper waste and recycle paper waste. Access to other units is limited to laboratory users only.
Robotic Arm 3D Printer This machine, which prints large-scale objects, is where plastic waste brought by university users is brought after shredding. Moderately resistant products can be produced here. More free designs in terms of size and shape can be provided in products.
Small-scale 3D Printer It is used for the production of small size products. The durability of the products is low.
Injection Molding Machine It is used for the production of medium sized products. Products are tough and durable.
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Zero - Waste Lab First Floor
Research Room It is the area where print and digital resources are available during the project research phase. There are working desks. Students prepare their work for Lab Phase 1 and research again according to the feedback received after the test phase.
Main Laboratory (Phase 1) Users complete their sample finding studies here, according to their research. Laboratory equipment is available to be used in examinations and processes.
pg 48 detail 5
Laboratory Phase 2 (Molding - Testing) After the sample study, there is a molding table where students can produce samples on a larger scale for material analysis. After the pressingcutting machine, tests on product qualities can be done with other machines. There is also a Cold Room for the storage of bio materials in that room.
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Zero - Waste Lab Second Floor
Common Area - Kitchen There is a common area on the top floor with TV and armchairs, a small kitchen, table, and chairs, where students who spend time in laboratories can socialize and relax.
Meeting Rooms These meeting areas, where project discussions can be held, are places where one can meet quickly to take breaks with the work.
Media Units These units, which are used for casual student group studies, can also be used as study desks.
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Additional Insulation Layers
Double Glazed Window
Additional Insulation - Detail Drawings - Section
Aluminium Frame
Fixed Window Detail
Acoustic Insulation (Soundproof Drywall (Plasterboard))
Outward-opening Window Detail
30 mm Recycled Plastic Sheets 3 mm Breathable Membrane 100 mm Mycelium Insulation Layer 3 mm Plywood Sheets (to hold the Insulation) 14 mm Sprayed Plaster Cladding
Injection Molding Machine Room
Detail 6: Cladding and Window Detail
5 mm Linoleum Floor Covering 60 mm Screed 25 mm Mineral Wool Insulation 150 mm Precast Concrete Slab
Thermal Insulation (Polyurethane) Gypsum Board
Detail 5: Cold Room System Diagram
Detail 7: Floor Material Detail
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pg 28 detail 1
pg 29 detail 4
pg 48 detail 7
pg 48 detail 6
pg 50 detail 8
pg 29 detail 3
pg 56 detail 10
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LIFT - Screw and Nut Drive System Existing Metal Roof
Detail Drawings - Sectional Perspective
Material: sheet metal, aluminum, glass, LED Ligths
Screw MS Polymer sealant
Instalation: Recessed installation, 37 mm below floor
Aluminium Frame
Rated Speed: 15m/s
Detail 8
Emergency: A small inclination on the screw provides a naturak break so that the lift can not fall in an emergency situation No need for extra space under, above or around the lift Sprayed Plaster Cladding
Easier to install, provides cost effective solutions
Existing Beam
Low energy consumption
Existing Paint Finish Existing Plaster Layer
Front view of the Lift
15 cm Existing Brick Wall
Detail 9: Wall - Roof Connection
Model view of the Lift
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pg 50 detail 9
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Natural / Mechanical Ventilation - Lighting
EA Generator Room
Natural Ventilation Diagram
Mechanical Ventilation Diagram
Natural air flow is provided by the windows on the east and west sides of the building. While some areas on the east façade perform single side ventilation, air ventilation in the atrium and the spaces connected to this area is towards the windows on the roof. Some of these windows are inward-opening windows.
Although natural ventilation is mostly sufficient, there is a mechanical ventilation system in a place to prevent possible accidents that may occur in laboratory and production areas. This system, which is connected to Generator Room works only for certain areas.
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Natural Ligthing Diagram The sunlight coming from the south throughout the year provides a homogeneous light distribution through the windows on the facade and the roof for the interior. Atrium is an important place in natural lighting as well as in ventilation.
Use of LED Panels for Artificial Lighting
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Windows Direction and the Mechanism
Window Types
Windows and Cladding - Elevations
One of the main aims of the project is to create an effective structural design with light materials. For this reason, polycarbonate sheets covered with films to protect from the harmful rays of the sun and overheating are used in the roof windows. For the east façade windows that do not create a major horizontal load, there are double glazed windows that provide a more clear view and provide better thermal insulation.
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3mm Clear UV Protected Polycarbonate Sheet
Double Glazed Windows
Removable Panels for installation and maintenance
Room for condersers and machines' engines Window for natural ventilation for Injection Melding Machine
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Extended Structure
Floor Extension - West View
Some rooms extend outwards on the ground floor and the first floor on the west facade. The material to be used for these areas is the existing materials extracted from the building. For the atrium, the precast floor slabs on the floors have been removed and added on the new precast columns and beams for the extended spaces. The roofs of these areas are the pieces taken from the metal roof removed from the building and the walls are the brick walls of the existing building.
Heating Before the proposed design, these spaces, which were student rooms, were heated by recessed convectors on the floor by the window. Parts in the atrium were removed, the remaining system was preserved. The parts extending outwards are connected by pipes. Existing Precast Structure Connection Detail
Detail 10: Extended Structure
Detail 11: Extended Floor and Recessed Convectors
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East View
Back side of the building showing carrying material to the laboratory from the rear entrance
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Precedent Studies: https://cargocollective.com/be-mirco/Parasitise-the-void https://www.archdaily.com/896433/morpheus-hotel-zaha-hadid-architects PAWLYN, M. (2011). Biomimicry in architecture. [London, UK], Riba Publishing. https://divisare.com/projects/387909-invisible-studio-hooke-park-assembly-workshop Salazar, S., Carrasco, J., Menárguez, F. and Salazar, J. (2018) Cooperative Trees by Adding Inosculated and Discrete Definitions to a DLA Design. Nejur, A. and Akbarzadeh, M. (2021) ‘PolyFrame, Efficient Computation for 3D Graphic Statics’, Computer-Aided Design, 134, pp. 103003.
Bibliography
Building Materials: Bukauskas, A., Mayencourt, P., Shepherd, P., Sharma, B., Mueller, C., Walker, P. and Bregulla, J. (2019) ‘Whole timber construction: A state of the art review’, Construction and Building Materials, 213, pp. 748-769. https://www.buildwithrise.com/stories/the-benefits-of-roundwood-timber-framing https://www.buildwithrise.com/stories/mycelium-fungi-as-a-building-material https://www.lankhorst-recycling.com/en/recycled-plastic-cladding https://calendar.aiany.org/2020/08/05/resarch-lab-mycelium-architecture-building-with-fungi/#:~:text=custom%20residential%20architecture.-,Over%20the%20past%20several%20 years%2C%20mycelium%20has%20become%20recognized%20as,which%20architecture%20can%20be%20grown.&text=The%20case%20for%20building%20with,to%20known%2C%20 traditional%20building%20materials. https://www.specfinish.co.uk/fis-technical-spray-finishes/ Technologies: http://www.harrisenv.com/cold_rooms.htm https://www.cateringhygiene.co.uk/shop/mercatus-me2011c-walk-in-chiller-room.html?___ https://www.homebiogas.com/Products/HomeBiogas7 https://www.epson.co.uk/paperlab#view-specifications
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