The energy vector of Oxygen and Ozone Author O3 Systems Energy BV Mathieu Wolfs Karelia 126 KA ALMELO email m.wolfs@o3systems.nl Date Almelo 28 June 2023.
Summary Before ozone was discovered by Schönbein, 1840 it was already given the name the Oduor of electricity in experiments via static electricity van Marum (1750-1837) and splitting of water Cruickshank 1801. Via the electrolysis of a gas via a liebig cooler in 1857 Werner von Siemens predicted that this instrument has a very great future. Because it is able to store energy in a gas! In 1949. the electrolysis cell of H Boer produced 17 wt % almost flammable ozone at anode and hydrogen in laboratory SHELL in Amsterdam. There is a new simple route to make liquid enriched oxygen gas LO3. Ozone is still known to be unstable and explosive. That is incorrect. Increasing safety has different routes. The role of the oxygen molecule in the energy transition seems to have been forgotten. Via Oxygen/ozone, simple sustainable large and small-scale energy storage can be built via Power2molecules as Solar fuel at any place on Earth. KEYWORDS Ozone; Storage; Combustion.
INTRODUCTION The world is facing an energy transition. As a solution, it is now believed that this can be achieved by no longer using fossil sources. Only 0,1 % of Earth Resource ( the 118 elements in the periodic system ) is Carbon . 50,5 % is Oxygen ! Since the creation of the earth, the energy via radiant energy from the sun has been stored in these fossil Carbon sources via photosynthesis. One part into sugars and 1 part of that virgin energy is converted and stored in oxygen. The carbon source sugar is further converted into biomass and converted again over many decades and centuries in natural gas and oil fields. Ozone is also responsible for converting nitrogen gas in components that can be used as fertilizers. This is done by two processes First process . 60 times a second Lighting strikes the Earth surface this DBD corona process convert N2 in nitrates HNO3 . Ammonia that’s comes from Earth biological process is also slowly convert via smog ozone average < 50/1000.000 gram Ozone nM3 in ambient air in nitrates. Mixing compressed air with concentrated ozone produces HNO3 and looks promising. The ozone layer adsorbs = stores! the first virgin energy coming from the Sun in to ozone. The ozone layer also protects us against harmful energy-rich UV-C radiation. The first Energy from the Sun is so stored in enriched oxygen = ozone. 139 Kilo ozone can easily heat 1000 liters of cold water 100 gr. Celsius . The ElI© process = Electric Liqifing Instrument is a demo of the eternal Ozone oxygen flame burns without CO 2 emission. The flame is ignited 1 June 2023 in the city of Groningen. Ozone increases also the enthalpy. Combined with fuels ozone produces systems with much higher energy content than does Oxygen. For instance Methane and ozone combustion Bi-fuel technology / complete combustion- delivers according to enthalpy calculations 2,3 more enthalpy ! That’s a reduction 55% use of fossil fuels 55% savings is the IPPC goal Paris 2015. Using oxygen and enriched oxygen saves fossil fuels and simultaneously ensure cleaner combustion. Better and complete combustion is one of the many energy vectors . The other vector is storing energy in a gas. Manufacturing a solar fuel. Via Oxygen to enriched oxygen from excess energy from sun and wind. Known as power2molecules. Enriched oxygen has the property that it can be easy liquefied in molecules increasing energy density. More than in ions. Energy is a human right every person is entitled to a daily amount of energy for a dignified existence if this is stored in the form of ozone, this corresponds to a daily amount of 3 to 6 kg ozone per day. 734 watt/kg 1 horse power. 3 Mj / kg For the energy transition, one must take into account the three main laws of thermodynamics. All property’s of ozone are described in the publication • Tables of ozone property’s A.G. Streng journal unknow Vol 6 No3 1961 Temple University Philadelphia. • Monograph Ozone M. Horváth, l. Bilitsky J. Huttner 1985 Elsevier. • Ozone chemistry and technology published ACS American Chemical society march 1959 Therse tree pillars and many other references are the basis for this publication. Complete Ref list will be available on request later. Excuse! P a g e 1 | 12